annotate DOCS/Italian/sound.html @ 8744:f3c6f022d6b0

10l ;)
author colin
date Fri, 03 Jan 2003 18:33:26 +0000
parents 0c05739def93
children
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3
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4 <HEAD>
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5 <TITLE>Suono - MPlayer - Movie Player per Linux</TITLE>
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css">
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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8 </HEAD>
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9
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10 <BODY>
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11
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12
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13 <H3><A NAME="audio">2.3.2. Dispositivi di output audio</A></H3>
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14
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15 <H4><A NAME="sync">2.3.2.1 Descrizione del metodo di sincronia A/V di MPlayer</A></H4>
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16
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17 <P>L'interfaccia audio di MPlayer è chiamata <I>libao2</I>. Attualmente contiene
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18 questi driver :</P>
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19
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20 <TABLE BORDER=0>
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21
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22 <TR><TD COLSPAN=4><P><B>Generale:</B></P></TD></TR>
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23
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24 <TR><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD VALIGN=top>oss</TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>driver OSS (ioctl)(supporta il passaggio hardware AC3)</TD></TR>
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25 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top>sdl</TD><TD></TD><TD>driver SDL (supporta <B>ESD</B>, <B>ARTS</B> ecc)</TD></TR>
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26 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top>nas</TD><TD></TD><TD>driver NAS (Network Audio System, sistema audio per la rete, ndt)</TD></TR>
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27 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top>alsa5</TD><TD></TD><TD>driver nativo ALSA 0.5</TD></TR>
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28 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top>alsa9</TD><TD></TD><TD>driver nativo ALSA 0.9 (supporta il passaggio hardware AC3)</TD></TR>
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29 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top>sun</TD><TD></TD><TD>driver audio SUN (/dev/audio) per utenti BSD e Solaris8</TD></TR>
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30 <TR><TD></TD><TD VALIGN=top>arts</TD><TD></TD><TD>driver ARTS nativo (principalmente per utenti KDE)</TD></TR>
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31
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32 </TABLE>
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33
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34 <P>Il fatto è che i driver per le schede sonore di Linux hanno problemi di compatibilità.
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35 La causa è che MPlayer usa una caratteristica dei driver audio scritti in modo corretto
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36 per mantenere la sincronia audio/video. Purtroppo, alcuni autori di driver tralasciano
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37 questa funzione: è necessaria per leggere MP3 e per effetti sonori.</P>
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38
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39 <P>Può essere che altri lettori come aviplay o xine funzionino anche con questi driver
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40 perchè usano dei metodi "semplici" con un timer interno. Una nota:
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41 il tempo ha dimostrato che i loro metodi non sono efficienti come quello di MPlayer.</P>
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42
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43 <P>Usare MPlayer con un driver audio scritto correttamente non ti darà mai una desincronizzazione
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44 A/V relativa all'audio, solo con file fatti davvero male (controlla
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45 la documentazione per aggirare questi problemi!).</P>
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46
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47 <P>Se per caso hai un cattivo driver audio, prova l'opzione <CODE>-autosync</CODE>,
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48 dovrebbe risolvere i tuoi problemi. Vedi la pagina di man per informazioni più
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49 dettagliate.</P>
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50
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51 <P>Alcune note:</P>
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52
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53
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54 <P><UL>
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55 <LI>Se hai OSS come driver, prima prova con <I>-ao oss</I> (questo è il default).
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56 Se riscontri interruzioni, o qualunque cosa fuori dall'ordinario, prova
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57 <I>-ao sdl</I> (NOTA: naturalmente devi avere una nuova libreria SDL e le sue parti
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58 di sviluppo installate). Aiuta in molti casi (supporta anche ESD, ARTS.
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59 ESD è il demone del suono di GNOME, ARTS è quello di KDE).</LI>
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60 <LI>Se hai ALSA versione 0.5, allora dovrai usare QUASI sempre <I>-ao alsa5</I> ,
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61 dato che la 0.5 ha un codice di emulazione OSS con dei bug, e manderà in <B>crash MPlayer</B> con
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62 un messaggio come questo:<BR>
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63 <UL>
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64 <CODE>DEMUXER: Too many (945 in 8390980 bytes) video packets in the buffer!</CODE></UL>
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65 </LI>
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66 </UL></P>
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67
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68 <P>Su sistemi <B>Solaris</B>, usa il driver audio SUN con l'opzione
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69 <I>-ao sun</I>, altrimenti non avrai ne riproduzione video, ne audio.</P>
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70
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71 <H4><A NAME="experiences">2.3.2.2. Esperienze con le schede sonore, raccomandazioni</A></H4>
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72
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73 <P><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH=100%>
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74 <TD COLSPAN=3><B>Chipset VIA integrato (via82cxxx) solo 48Khz</B></TD><TR>
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75 <TD></TD><TD>Driver:</TD><TD> prelevabile da <A HREF="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=3242&release_id=59602">qui</A></TD><TR>
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76
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77 <TD COLSPAN=3><B>Aureal Vortex 2</B></TD><TR>
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78 <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>nessun driver</TD><TR>
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79 <TD></TD><TD>OSS/Pro:</TD><TD>OK</TD><TR>
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80 <TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>nessun driver</TD><TR>
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81 <TD></TD><TD>KHz massimi:</TD><TD>48</TD><TR>
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82 <TD></TD><TD>Driver:</TD><TD><A HREF="http://aureal.sourceforge.net">aureal.sourceforge.net</A></TD><TR>
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83 <TD></TD><TD>Driver2:</TD><TD> prelevabile da <A HREF="http://makacs.poliod.hu/~pontscho/aureal/au88xx-1.1.3.tar.bz2">qui</A><BR>
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84 (<I>grandezza del buffer aumentata a 32k</I>)</TD><TR>
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85
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86 <TD COLSPAN=3><B>GUS PnP</B></TD><TR>
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87 <TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>nessun driver</TD><TR>
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88 <TD></TD><TD>OSS/Pro:</TD><TD>OK</TD><TR>
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89 <TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>OK</TD><TR>
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90 <TD></TD><TD>KHz massimi:</TD><TD>48</TD><TR>
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91
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92 <TD COLSPAN=3><B>SB Live!</B></TD><TR>
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93 <TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>L'analogico è OK, SP/DIF non funziona</TD><TR>
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94 <TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>Entrambi OK</TD><TR>
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95 <TD></TD><TD>KHz massimi:</TD><TD>192</TD><TR>
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96
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97 <TD COLSPAN=3><B>SB AWE 64</B></TD><TR>
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98 <TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>massimo 44kHz</TD><TR>
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99 <TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>a 48kHz suona male</TD><TR>
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100 <TD></TD><TD>KHz massimi:</TD><TD>48</TD><TR>
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101
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102 <TD COLSPAN=3><B>Gravis UltraSound ACE</B></TD><TR>
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103 <TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>non OK</TD><TR>
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104 <TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>OK</TD><TR>
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105 <TD></TD><TD>KHz massimi:</TD><TD>44</TD><TR>
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106
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107 <TD COLSPAN=3><B>Gravis UltraSound MAX</B></TD><TR>
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108 <TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>OK</TD><TR>
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109 <TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>OK (?)</TD><TR>
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110 <TD></TD><TD>KHz massimi:</TD><TD>48</TD><TR>
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111
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112 <TD COLSPAN=3><B>ESS 688</B></TD><TR>
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113 <TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>OK</TD><TR>
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114 <TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>OK (?)</TD><TR>
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115 <TD></TD><TD>KHz massimi:</TD><TD>48</TD><TR>
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116
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117 <TD COLSPAN=3><B>Schede C-Media (quali?)</B></TD><TR>
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118 <TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>non OK (sibila) (?)</TD><TR>
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119 <TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>OK (?)</TD><TR>
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120 <TD></TD><TD>KHz massimi:</TD><TD>?</TD><TR>
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121
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122 <TD COLSPAN=3><B>Schede Yamaha (*ymf*)</B></TD><TR>
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123 <TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>non OK (?) (forse -ao sdl)</TD><TR>
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124 <TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>OK solo con ALSA 0.5 con emulazione OSS <B>E</B> <I>-ao sdl</I> (!) (?)</TD><TR>
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125 <TD></TD><TD>KHz massimi:</TD><TD>?</TD><TR>
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126
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127 <TD COLSPAN=3><B>Schede con chip envy24 (come Terratec EWS88MT)</B></TD><TR>
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128 <TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>?</TD><TR>
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129 <TD></TD><TD>OSS/Pro:</TD><TD>OK</TD><TR>
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130 <TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>?</TD><TR>
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131 <TD></TD><TD>KHz massimi:</TD><TD>?</TD><TR>
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132
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133 <TD COLSPAN=3><B>PC Speaker o DAC</B></TD><TR>
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134 <TD></TD><TD>OSS:</TD><TD>OK (<I>usa il driver SDL : -ao sdl</I>)</TD><TR>
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135 <TD></TD><TD>ALSA:</TD><TD>nessun driver</TD><TR>
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136 <TD></TD><TD>KHz massimi:</TD><TD>il driver emula 44.1 forse più</TD><TR>
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137 <TD></TD><TD>Driver:</TD><TD><A HREF="ftp://ftp.infradead.org/pub/pcsp">ftp://ftp.infradead.org/pub/pcsp</A></TD><TR>
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138 </TABLE></P>
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139
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140 <P><UL>
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141 <LI>su Linux, usa almeno il kernel 2.4 se possibile, il 2.2 non è stato testato
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142 <LI>se emette dei click leggendo da CD-ROM, abilita l' IRQ unmasking !
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143 per esempio "hdparm -u1 /dev/cdrom" (vedi "man hdparm" !!!)
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144 Questo è consigliato comunque... (per XMMS, ecc...)
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145 Leggi la <A HREF="cd-dvd.html#drives">sezione CD-ROM</A>.
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146 <LI>non usare la scheda sonora con altre applicazioni ( es. XMMS ) !
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147 se usi ESD, esegui MPlayer con l'opzione '-vo sdl:esd' !
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148 <LI>Per favore dicci come MPlayer e la tua scheda sonora hanno lavorato insieme!
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149 </UL></P>
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150
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151
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152 <H4><A NAME="plugins">2.3.2.3. Plugin Audio</A></H4>
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153
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154 <P>MPlayer supporta plugin audio. Possono essere usati per
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155 cambiare le proprietà dei dati audio prima che raggiungano la scheda
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156 sonora. Sono abilitati con l'opzione <CODE>-aop</CODE> seguita da
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157 <CODE>list=plugin1,plugin2,...</CODE>. L'opzione <CODE>list</CODE> è
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158 necessaria e determina quali plugin devono essere usate e in quale ordine
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159 devono essere eseguite, esempio:
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160 </P>
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161
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162 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample,format</CODE></P>
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163
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164 <P>farà passare il suono attraverso il plugin di ricampionamento seguito da quello di
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165 formattazione.
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166 </P>
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167
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168 <P>I plugin possono anche avere opzioni che ne modificano il comportamento. Queste
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169 sono spiegate in dettaglio nelle sezioni sotto. Un plugin sarà eseguito
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170 con la configurazione di default se non vengono date opzioni. Esempi di come usare
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171 plugin in combinazione con loro opzioni specifiche:
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172 </P>
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173
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174 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop
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175 list=resample,format:fout=44100:format=0x8</CODE>
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176 </P>
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177
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178 <P>cambierà la frequenza di uscita del plugin di ricampionamento a 44100Hz e il formato
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179 output del plugin di formattazione a AFMT_U8.
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180 </P>
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181
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182 <P>Attualmente i plugin audio non possono essere usati in MEncoder.</P>
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183
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184
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185 <H5><A NAME="resample">2.3.2.3.1. Sopra/Sotto campionamento</A></H5>
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186
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187 <P>MPlayer supporta pienamente il sopra/sotto campionamento del suono. Questo plugin può
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188 per esempio essere usato se hai una scheda sonora a frequenza fissa o se sei
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189 bloccato con una vecchia scheda sonora in grado di dare al massimo 44.1kHz.
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190 Viene riconosciuto <B>automaticamente</B> se questo plugin è necessario o meno.
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191 Ha una sola opzione:
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192 <CODE>fout</CODE> che è usata per specificare la frequenza di output desiderata,
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193 di default 48kHz, ed è data in
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194 &lt;Hz&gt;.
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195 </P>
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196
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197 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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198 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=resample:fout=&lt;necessaria
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199 frequenza in Hz, come 44100&gt;</CODE></P>
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200
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201
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202 <H5><A NAME="surround_decoding">2.3.2.3.2. Decodifica Suono Surround</A></H5>
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203
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204 <P>MPlayer ha un plugin audio che puo decodificare una matrice di suono
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205 surround. Dolby Surround è un esempio di un formato di matrice.</p>
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206
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207 <P>Molti file con 2 canali in realtà contengono una matrice di suono
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208 surround.</p>
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209
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210 <P>Per usare questa caratteristica, devi avere una scheda sonora che supporta almeno 4 canali.</P>
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211
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212 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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213 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=surround</CODE></P>
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214
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215
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216 <H5><A NAME="format">2.3.2.3.3. Convertitore del formato di campionamento</A></H5>
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217
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218 <P>Se il driver della tua scheda sonora non supporta gli <CODE>int</CODE> signed a 16bit, questo plugin può
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219 essere usato per cambiare il formato ad uno compreso dalla tua scheda sonora. Ha
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220 una opzione <CODE>format</CODE> che può avere come valori uno dei numeri
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221 che si trovano in libao2/afmt.h. Questo plugin è difficilmente necessario ed è da intendersi per
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222 utenti avanzati. Nota che questo plugin cambia solo il formato di campionamento e
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223 non la frequenza o il numero di canali.
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224 </P>
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225
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226 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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227 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop
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228 list=format:format=&lt;necessario formato di output&gt;</CODE>
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229 </P>
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230
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231
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232 <H5><A NAME="delay">2.3.2.3.4. Ritardo</A></H5>
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233
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234 <P>Questo plugin ritarda il suono ed è da intendersi come un esempio di come sviluppare
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235 nuovi plugin. Non può essere usato per niente di utile dalla prospettiva degli utenti
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236 ed è menzionato qui solo per dovere di completezza. Non usare questo plugin
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237 se non sei uno sviluppatore.</P>
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238
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239 <H5><A NAME="volume">2.3.2.3.5. Controllo volume via software</A></H5>
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240
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241 <P>Questo plugin è un sostituto software per il controllo volume, e
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242 può essere usato in macchine con dispositivo mixer non funzionante. Può
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243 anche essere usato se si vuole modificare il volume di output da MPlayer
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244 senza cambiare le impostazioni del volume PCM del mixer. Ha una sola opzione
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245 <CODE>volume</CODE> che serve a impostare il volume
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246 iniziale. Può essere impostato a valori tra 0
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247 e 255 e il default è 101, uguale ad una amplificazione di 0dB. Usa questo plugin con attenzione in quanto
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248 può aumentare il rumore nel segnale. Nella maggior parte dei casi
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249 è meglio impostare il livello del suono PCM al massimo, lasciare perdere questo plugin
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250 e controllare il livello in output col controllo volume principale
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251 del mixer. Se è connesso al computer un aplificatore esterno
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252 (questo è quasi sempre il caso), il livello del rumore
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253 può essere minimizzato regolando le manopole del livello principale e del volume
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254 dell'amplificatore finchè il rumore sibilante sullo sfondo non sparisce.
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255 </P>
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256
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257 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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258 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop
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259 list=volume:volume=&lt;0-255&gt;</CODE>
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260 </P>
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261
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262 <P>Questo plugin ha anche un compressore o capacita di "ritaglio software".
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263 Si può usare la compressione se l'estensione dinamica del suono è molto
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264 grande o se l'estensione dinamica degli altoparlanti è molto bassa.
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265 Nota che questa caratteristica crea distorsioni e dovrebbe essere considerata
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266 come l'ultima risorsa.
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267 </P>
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268
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269 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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270 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop
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271 list=volume:softclip</CODE>
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272 </P>
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273
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274 <H5><A NAME="extrastereo">2.3.2.3.6. Extrastereo</A></H5>
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275
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276 <P>Questo plugin aumenta (linearmente) la differenza tra i canali destro e sinistro
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277 (come il plugin extrastereo di XMMS) che da un certo effetto "live" alla
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278 riproduzione.
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279 </P>
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280
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281 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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282 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=extrastereo</CODE><BR>
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283 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=extrastereo:mul=3.45</CODE></P>
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284
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285 <P>Il coefficiente di default (<CODE>mul</CODE>) è un numero razionale preimpostato
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286 a 2.5. Se lo si imposta a 0.0, si ottiene un suono mono (media di entrambi i canali),
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287 se lo si imposta a 1.0, il suono non risulterà cambiato, se lo si imposta a -1.0, i canali
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288 destro e sinistro risulteranno scambiati.</P>
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289
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290
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291 <H5><A NAME="normalizer">2.3.2.3.7. Normalizzatore volume</A></H5>
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292
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293 <P>Questo plugin massimizza il volume mantenendo il suono senza
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294 distorsioni.
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295 </P>
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296
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297 <P>Utilizzo :<BR>
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298 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mplayer media.avi -aop list=volnorm</CODE><BR>
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299 </BODY>
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300 </HTML>