annotate DOCS/xml/de/tvinput.xml @ 21391:f57a5ef9b3c1

remove duplicate entry
author gpoirier
date Fri, 01 Dec 2006 08:40:28 +0000
parents 870ec7f3aeb4
children 156068fd461b
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- in sync with r17322 -->
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2685cf9e3082 German translation for tvinput.xml
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3 <chapter id="tv">
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4 <title>TV</title>
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5
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6 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV input">
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7 <title>TV-Input</title>
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8
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9 <para>
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10 Dieser Abschnitt behandelt das <emphasis role="bold">Anschauen/Grabben von einem V4L-kompatiblen TV-Empfänger</emphasis>.
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11 Siehe Manpage für eine Beschreibung der TV-Optionen und Tastensteuerungen.
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12 </para>
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13
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14
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15 <sect2 id="tv-compilation">
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16 <title>Compilierung</title>
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17
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18 <procedure>
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19 <step>
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20 <para>
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21 Zuerst musst du neu compilieren. <filename>./configure</filename> wird die Kernelheader
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22 vom v4l-Kram und die Existenz der <filename>/dev/video*</filename>-Einträge
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23 automatisch erkennen und TV-Unterstützung wird eingebaut werden
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24 (siehe Ausgaben von <filename>./configure</filename>).
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25 </para>
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26 </step>
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27 <step>
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28 <para>
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29 Stelle sicher, dass dein Empfänger mit anderer TV-Software wie zum Beispiel
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30 <application>XawTV</application> unter Linux läuft.
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31 </para>
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32 </step>
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33 </procedure>
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34 </sect2>
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35
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36 <sect2 id="tv-tips">
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37 <title>Tipps zum Gebrauch</title>
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38 <para>
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39 Die vollständige Liste der Optionen ist in der Manpage verfügbar.
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40 Hier sind nur ein paar Tipps:
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41 </para>
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42 <itemizedlist>
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43 <listitem>
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44 <para>
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45 Benutze die Option <option>channels</option>. Ein Beispiel:
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46 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen>
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47 Erklärung: Durch Verwendung dieser Option sind nur die Kanäle 26 und 23 in Gebrauch,
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48 und es wird beim Kanalwechsel einen netten OSD-Text geben, der den Namen des Kanals
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49 anzeigt. Leerzeichen im Kanalnamen müssen durch das Zeichen &quot;_&quot; ersetzt werden.
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50 </para>
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51 </listitem>
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52
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53 <listitem>
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54 <para>
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55 Wähle vernünftige Bildabmessungen. Die Abmessungen des resultierenden Bildes sollten durch
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56 16 teilbar sein.
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57 </para>
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58 </listitem>
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59
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60 <listitem>
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61 <para>
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62 Wenn du das Video bei einer vertikalen Auflösung höher als halb der vollen
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63 Auflösung einfängst (z.B. 288 für PAL oder 240 für NTSC), dann werden die
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64 'Frames', die du erhältst, wirklich jeweils ausgelassene Paare von Feldern sein.
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65 Je nach dem, was du mit dem Video anfängst, kannst du es in dieser Form belassen,
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66 (zerstörend) deinterlacen oder die Paare zu einzelnen Feldern machen.
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67 </para>
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68 <para>
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69 Ansonsten wirst du einen Film erhalten, der während schnellbewegten Szenen gestört ist,
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70 und die Bitratenkontrolle wird vermutlich nicht in der Lage sein, die angegebene Bitrate
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71 einzuhalten, da die Interlacing-Artefakte hohe Details produzieren und daher eine Menge
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72 Bandbreite kosten. Du kannst Deinterlacing mit <option>-vf pp=DEINT_TYPE</option>
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73 aktivieren. Normalerweise leistet <option>pp=lb</option> gute Arbeit, aber das ist
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74 Geschmackssache. Schaue nach anderen Deinterlacing-Algorithmen im Handbuch und versuche
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75 es mit denen.
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76 </para>
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77 </listitem>
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78
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79 <listitem>
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80 <para>
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81 Schneide tote Bereiche ab. Wenn du Video aufnimmst, sind die Bereiche an den Rändern
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82 normalerweise schwarz oder enthalten Rauschen. Diese wiederum verbrauchen unnötige
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83 Bandbreite. Genauer gesagt sind es nicht die schwarzen Bereiche selbst, sondern
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84 die scharfen Übergänge zwischen dem schwarzen und dem helleren Videobild, die das tun.
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85 Aber das ist für den Moment nicht so wichtig. Bevor du mit der Aufnahme beginnst,
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86 passe alle Argumente der Option <option>crop</option> so an, dass der ganze Müll
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87 an den Rändern abgeschnitten wird. Nochmal, vergiss nicht, die resultierenden
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88 Abmessungen vernünftig zu halten.
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89 </para>
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90 </listitem>
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91
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92 <listitem>
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93 <para>
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94 Achte auf CPU-Load. Es sollte die 90%-Grenze die meiste Zeit über nicht überschreiten.
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95 Wenn du einen großen Aufnahmepuffer hast, kann <application>MEncoder</application>
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96 eine Überlastung für ein paar Sekunden überstehen, aber nicht mehr.
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97 Es ist besser, 3D-OpenGL-Bildschirmschoner und ähnlichen Kram abzustellen.
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98 </para>
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99 </listitem>
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100
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101 <listitem>
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102 <para>
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103 Spiele nicht mit der Systemuhr herum. <application>MEncoder</application> benutzt
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104 sie für A/V-Synchronisation. Wenn du die Systemuhr anpasst (vor allem rückwärtig),
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105 verwirrt dies <application>MEncoder</application>, und du wirst Frames verlieren.
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106 Das ist ein wichtiger Sachverhalt, wenn du mit einem Netzwerk verbunden bist und
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107 Zeitsynchronisationssoftware wie NTP verwendest. Du musst NTP während des Aufnahmeprozesses
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108 ausschalten, wenn du zuverlässig aufnehmen möchtest.
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109 </para>
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110 </listitem>
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111
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112 <listitem>
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113 <para>
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114 Ändere das <option>outfmt</option> nicht, es sei denn, du weißt, was du tust, oder
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115 deine Karte/Treiber den Standard (YV12-Farbraum) wirklich nicht unterstützt.
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116 In älteren Versionen von <application>MPlayer</application>/<application>MEncoder</application>
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117 war es notwendig, das Ausgabeformat anzugeben. Diese Sache sollte in aktuellen Releases
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118 behoben sein, und <option>outfmt</option> wird nicht weiter benötigt. Die Standardeinstellung
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119 genügt den meisten Zwecken. Zum Beispiel, wenn du mit
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120 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> nach DivX aufnimmst und
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121 <option>outfmt=RGB24</option> angibst, um die Qualität der aufgenommenen Bilder zu erhöhen,
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122 so wird das aufgenommene Bild später tatsächlich zurück zu YV12 konvertiert.
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123 Die einzige Sache, die du erreichst, ist eine massive Verschwendung von CPU-Power.
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124 </para>
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125 </listitem>
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126
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127 <listitem>
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128 <para>
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129 Um den Farbraum I420 anzugeben (<option>outfmt=i420</option>), musst du die Option
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130 <option>-vc rawi420</option> hinzufügen. Das liegt an einem Konflikt mit einem
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131 Intel Indeo Videocodec.
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132 </para>
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133 </listitem>
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134
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135 <listitem>
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136 <para>
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137 Es gibt viele Möglichkeiten, Audio aufzunehmen. Du kannst den Ton grabben entweder
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138 mit deiner Soundkarte über ein externes Kabel zwischen Videokarte und Line-In oder
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139 durch Benutzung des eingebauten ADC im bt878-Chip. In letzterem Falle musst den den
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140 Treiber <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis> laden. Lies die Datei
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141 <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> (im Kernel-Tree, nicht
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142 in dem von <application>MPlayer</application>) für ein paar Anweisungen,
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143 wie dieser Treiber verwendet wird.
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144 </para>
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145 </listitem>
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146
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147 <listitem>
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148 <para>
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149 Wenn <application>MEncoder</application> das Audiogerät nicht öffnen kann,
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150 stelle sicher, dass es wirklich verfügbar ist. Es kann Ärger geben mit Soundservern
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151 wie aRts (KDE) oder ESD (GNOME). Wenn du eine Vollduplex-Soundkarte hast
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152 (fast jede vernünftige Karte unterstützt dies heutzutage) und du KDE laufen hast,
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153 probiere die Option "Vollduplex" im Eigenschaftenmenü des Soundservers.
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154 </para>
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155 </listitem>
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156 </itemizedlist>
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157 </sect2>
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158
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159
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160 <sect2 id="tv-examples">
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161 <title>Beispiele</title>
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162
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163 <informalexample>
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164 <para>
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165 Dummy-Ausgabe zu AAlib :)
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166 <screen>mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://</screen>
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167 </para>
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168 </informalexample>
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169
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170 <informalexample>
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171 <para>
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172 Input von Standard-V4L:
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173 <screen>mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv://</screen>
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174 </para>
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175 </informalexample>
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176
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177 <informalexample>
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178 <para>
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179 Ein gehobenes Beispiel. Dies sorgt dafür, dass <application>MEncoder</application>
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180 das volle PAL-Bild einfängt, die Ränder abschneidet und einen Deinterlacer mit einem linearen
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181 Blendalgorithmus auf das Bild anwendet. Der Ton wird mit dem LAME-Codec bei konstanter Bitrate
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182 von 64kbps komprimiert. Diese Einstellungen eigenen sich für das Einfangen von Filmen.
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183 <screen>
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184 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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185 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \
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186 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64 \
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187 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> tv://<!--
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188 --></screen>
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189 </para>
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190 </informalexample>
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191
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192 <informalexample>
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193 <para>
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194 Dies wird zusätzlich die Bildabmessungen auf 384x288 ändern und das Video mit
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195 einer Bitrate von 250kbps im hochqualitativen Modus encodieren.
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196 Die Option vqmax lockert den Quantisierungsparameter und erlaubt dem Videokompressor, eine
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197 sehr niedrige Bitrate zu erlangen, sogar auf Kosten der Qualität. Dies kann verwendet werden
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198 für das Einfangen von langen TV-Serien, wo die Videoqualität nicht so wichtig ist.
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199 <screen>
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200 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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201 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \
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202 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 \
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203 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=lb,scale=384:288 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> tv://<!--
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204 --></screen>
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205 Es ist außerdem möglich, in der Option <option>-tv</option> kleinere Bildabmessungen
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206 anzugeben und die Softwareskalierung auszulassen, aber dieser Ansatz nutzt die maximal
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207 verfügbaren Informationen und ist ein wenig resistenter gegen Störungen. Die bt8x8-Chips
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208 können das Mitteln der Pixel auf Grund einer Hardwarebeschränkung nur in horizontaler
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209 Richtung durchführen.
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210 </para>
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211 </informalexample>
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212 </sect2>
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213 </sect1>
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214
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215 </chapter>