Mercurial > pidgin.yaz
annotate HACKING @ 15962:65888b6d9373
new nb.po, which I cannot fully test if my changes compile because I still cannot compile pidgin at all.
author | Luke Schierer <lschiere@pidgin.im> |
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date | Wed, 28 Mar 2007 17:39:17 +0000 |
parents | c4a5d8950d8c |
children | d73ee2690376 |
rev | line source |
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11326 | 1 Lots of this is pretty grossly out of date... |
2 Some of it might still be useful. For coding style, your | |
3 best bet is to browse through some of the files in src and | |
4 emulate what you see there. | |
5 --Mark | |
6 | |
7 | |
8 The majority of the below was written by Eric Warmenhoven way back in | |
6797 | 9 antiquity. I have taken the liberty of attempting to PARTIALLY update |
11326 | 10 it. I still think its helpful, but use it at your own risk. |
6797 | 11 --Luke |
12 | |
13 | |
639 | 14 A lot of people have tried to hack gaim, but haven't been able to because |
15 the code is just so horrid. Well, the code isn't getting better anytime | |
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16 soon (I hate GNU indent), so to help all you would-be hackers help out |
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17 gaim, here's a brief tutorial on how gaim works. I'll quickly describe |
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18 the logical flow of things, then what you'll find in each of the source |
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19 files. As an added bonus, I'll try and describe as best I can how multiple |
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20 connections and multiple protocols work. Depending on how much I want to |
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21 avoid my final tomorrow I may even describe other parts of gaim that I |
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22 particularly want to brag about. Hopefully that's enough to get most of |
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23 you going. |
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24 |
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25 If you don't know how event-driven programs work, stop right now. Gaim |
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26 uses GTK+'s main loop (actually GLib's but I won't talk about how GTK |
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27 works) and uses GLib functions for timeouts and socket notification. If |
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28 you don't know GTK+ you should go learn that first. |
639 | 29 |
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30 If you're going to hack gaim, PLEASE, PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE send patches |
13632 | 31 against the absolute latest SVN. I get really annoyed when I get patches |
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32 against the last released version, especially since I don't usually have |
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33 a copy of it on my computer, and gaim tends to change a lot between |
13632 | 34 versions. (I sometimes get annoyed when they're against SVN from 3 days |
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35 ago, but can't complain because it's usually my fault that I haven't |
13632 | 36 looked at the patch yet.) To get gaim from SVN (if you haven't already), |
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37 run the following commands: |
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38 |
13632 | 39 $ svn co https://svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/gaim/trunk gaim |
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40 $ cd gaim |
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41 $ ./autogen.sh |
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42 |
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43 You'll now have your normal gaim tree with ./configure and all (which |
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44 ./autogen.sh takes the liberty of running for you). (If you want to make |
13632 | 45 your life really simple, learn how SVN works. SVN is your friend.) To make |
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46 a patch, just edit the files right there in that tree (don't bother with |
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47 two trees, or even two copies of the same file). Then when you're ready to |
13632 | 48 make your patch, simply run 'svn diff > my.patch' and post it on |
8622 | 49 sf.net/projects/gaim in the patches section. |
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50 |
6797 | 51 Some Documentation is available on the Gaim api if you run the command |
52 $make docs | |
53 after running ./configure (or ./autogen.sh). You will need doxygen and | |
54 graphiz dot to generate these docs. | |
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55 |
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56 CODING STYLE |
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57 ============ |
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58 |
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59 Coding styles are like assholes, everyone has one and no one likes anyone |
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60 elses. This is mine and if you want me to accept a patch from you without |
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61 getting annoyed you'll follow this coding style. :) |
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62 |
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63 It would probably just be easier for me to include CodingStyle from the |
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64 linux kernel source. |
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65 |
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66 Tab indents. I *HATE* 2-space indents, and I strongly dislike 8-space |
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67 indents. Use a tab character. I'm likely to refuse a patch if it has |
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68 2-space indents. |
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69 |
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70 K&R style for braces. Braces always go on the same line as the if, etc. |
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71 that they're associated with; the only exception is functions. Braces |
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72 for else statements should have both braces on the same line as the else |
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73 (i.e. "} else {"). |
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74 |
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75 No functionOrVariableNamesLikeThis. Save it for Java. Underscores are your |
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76 friend. "tmp" is an excellent variable name. Hungarian style will not be |
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77 tolerated. Go back to Microsoft. |
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78 |
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79 I have a 105-char wide Eterm. Deal with it. |
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80 |
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81 NO goto. I'm very likely to refuse a patch if it makes use of goto. If you |
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82 feel the need to use goto, you need to rethink your design and flow. |
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83 |
639 | 84 |
6797 | 85 PROGRAM FLOW (just about every function name from here on down is wrong. |
86 ============ but many of the ideas still apply under different names.) | |
639 | 87 |
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88 Before gaim does anything you can see, it initializes itself, which is |
6797 | 89 mostly just reading ~/.gaim/*.xml (handled by the functions in prefs.[ch]) |
90 and parsing command-line options. It then draws the login window by | |
91 calling show_login, and waits for input. | |
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92 |
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93 At the login window, when "Accounts" is clicked, account_editor() is |
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94 called. This then displays all of the users and various information |
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95 about them. (Don't ask about what happens when "Sign On" is called. It's |
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96 quite hackish. The only reason the login window is there anymore is to |
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97 make it more palatable to people so used to WinAIM that they can't accept |
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98 anything else.) |
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99 |
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100 When the "Sign on/off" button is clicked, serv_login is passed the |
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101 username and the password for the account. If the password length is |
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102 zero (the password field is a character array rather than pointer so it |
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103 will not be NULL) then the Signon callback will prompt for the password |
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104 before calling serv_login. serv_login then signs in the user using the |
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105 appropriate protocol. |
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106 |
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107 After you're signed in, Gaim draws the buddy list by calling |
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108 show_buddy_list. Assuming the user has a buddy list (all buddy list |
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109 functions are controlled by list.c; when you sign on do_import is called |
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110 and that loads the locally saved list), the protocol calls |
10011 | 111 gaim_prpl_got functions, which set the information in the appropriate |
112 struct buddy and then passes it off to set_buddy. | |
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113 |
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114 set_buddy is responsible for a lot of stuff, but most of it is done |
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115 implicitly. It's responsible for the sounds (which is just a call to |
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116 play_sound), but the biggest thing it does is call new_group_show and |
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117 new_buddy_show if necessary. There's only one group_show per group name, |
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118 even between connections, and only one buddy_show per group_show per |
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119 buddy name, even between connections. (If that's not confusing enough, |
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120 wait until I really start describing how the buddy list works.) |
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121 |
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122 New connections happen the exact same way as described above. Each |
4491 | 123 gaim_account can have one gaim_connection associated with it. gaim_account |
124 and gaim_connection both have a protocol field. This is kind of confusing: | |
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125 gaim, except for the account editor screen and when the user signs on, |
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126 ignores the user's protocl field, and only uses the connection's protocol |
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127 field. You can change the connection's protocol field once it's created |
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128 and been assigned a PRPL to use to change certain behavior (Oscar does |
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129 this because it handles both AIM and ICQ). I'll talk about the |
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130 gaim_connection struct more later. |
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131 |
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132 When the user opens a new conversation window, new_conversation is called. |
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133 That's easy enough. If there isn't a conversation with the person already |
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134 open (checked by calling find_conversation), show_conv is called to |
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135 create the new window. All sorts of neat things happen there, but it's |
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136 mostly drawing the window. show_conv is the best place to edit the UI. |
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137 |
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138 That's pretty much it for the quick tutorial. I know it wasn't much but |
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139 it's enough to get you started. Make sure you know GTK+ before you get too |
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140 involved. Most of the back-end stuff is pretty basic; most of gaim is GTK+. |
639 | 141 |
142 | |
6797 | 143 SOURCE FILES (this should probly be utterly removed) |
639 | 144 ============ |
145 | |
146 about.c: | |
147 Not much to say here, just a few basic functions. | |
148 | |
6809 | 149 account.[ch]: |
150 This controls the GaimAccount struct, which stores information | |
151 on each account a user registers with gaim. Usernames, pass- | |
152 words, user info, alias, user specific options, and everything | |
7531 | 153 else controlled from within the account editor (and then some) |
6809 | 154 are handled via this code. |
155 | |
156 accountopt.[ch]: | |
157 Api and implemenation for account options. I'm not precisely | |
158 sure how this meshes with account.[ch] | |
7527 | 159 |
639 | 160 away.c: |
161 This takes care of most of the away stuff: setting the away message | |
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162 (do_away_message); coming back (do_im_back); drawing the away window; |
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163 etc. Away messages work really oddly due to multiple connections and |
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164 multiple protocols; I think there are really only two or three people |
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165 who know how it works and I don't think any of us know why it works |
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166 that way. |
639 | 167 |
6809 | 168 blist.[ch]: |
6797 | 169 This takes care of the buddy list backend, the blist.xml file, |
170 importing old buddy list files, and related things like | |
6809 | 171 finding buddies and groups. buddies, contacts, and groups |
7531 | 172 are controlled from these files. |
7527 | 173 |
639 | 174 buddy_chat.c: |
175 This takes care of the buddy chat stuff. This used to be a lot bigger | |
176 until the chat and IM windows got merged in the code. Now it mostly | |
177 just takes care of chat-specific stuff, like ignoring people and | |
178 keeping track of who's in the room. This is also where the chat window | |
179 is created. | |
180 | |
181 conversation.c: | |
182 This is where most of the functions dealing with the IM and chat windows | |
183 are hidden. It tries to abstract things as much as possible, but doesn't | |
184 do a very good job. This is also where things like "Enter sends" and | |
185 "Ctrl-{B/I/U/S}" options get carried out (look for send_callback). The | |
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186 chat and IM toolbar (with the B/I/U/S buttons) are both built from |
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187 the same function, build_conv_toolbar. |
639 | 188 |
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189 core.c: |
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190 This is the start of what will become the main() for gaim-core. |
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191 |
9709 | 192 gtkdialogs.c: |
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193 A massive file with a lot of little utility functions. This is where all |
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194 of those little dialog windows are created. Things like the warn dialog |
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195 and the add buddy dialog are here. Not all of the dialogs in gaim are in |
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196 this file, though. But most of them are. This is also where do_import |
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197 is housed, to import buddy lists. (The actual buddy list parsing code |
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198 is in util.c for winaim lists and buddy.c for gaim's own lists.) |
639 | 199 |
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200 gtkimhtml.c: |
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201 This is gaim's HTML widget. It replaced the old widget, GtkHtml (which |
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202 was different than GNOME's GtkHTML). It's self-contained (it doesn't |
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203 use any of gaim's code) and is actually a separate project from gaim |
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204 (but is maintained by Eric). |
639 | 205 |
206 idle.c: | |
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207 This file used to be entirely #if 0'd out of existance. However, thanks |
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208 to some very generous people who submitted patches, this takes care of |
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209 reporting idle time (imagine that). It's a pretty straight-forward file. |
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210 This also takes care of the auto-away stuff. |
639 | 211 |
10320 | 212 gtkmain.c: |
4586 | 213 This is where the main() function is. It takes care of a lot of the |
10320 | 214 initialization stuff, and showing the buddy list or account editor. |
4586 | 215 |
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216 md5.c: |
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217 Oscar, Yahoo, and MSN all require md5 hashing, so better to put it in |
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218 the core than have the same thing in three different places. |
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219 |
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220 module.c: |
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221 This contains all of the plugin code, except for the UI. This is what |
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222 actually loads the plugins, makes sure they're valid, has the code for |
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223 setting up plugin event handlers, and contains the plugin_event method |
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224 that gaim calls on events. |
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225 |
639 | 226 prefs.c: |
6797 | 227 Read the documentation on this file. This handles the backend |
7527 | 228 side of prefs. |
639 | 229 |
230 proxy.c: | |
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231 Adam (of libfaim glory) got bored one day and rewrote this file, so |
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232 now everything actually works. The main function is proxy_connect, |
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233 which figures out which proxy you want to use (if you want to use one |
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234 at all) and passes off the data to the appropriate function. This file |
7527 | 235 should be pretty straight-forward. |
236 Except I STRONGLY suspect that time has broken this file. | |
639 | 237 |
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238 prpl.c: |
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239 This file is what lets gaim dynamically load protocols, sort of. All |
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240 of the actual dlopen(), dlsym() stuff is in module.c. But this contains |
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241 all of the functions that the protocol plugin needs to call, and manages |
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242 all of the protocols. It's a pretty simple file actually. |
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243 |
639 | 244 server.c: |
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245 This is where all of the differentiation between the different protocols |
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246 is done. Nearly everything that's network related goes through here |
10011 | 247 at one point or another. This has good things like serv_send_im. Most of |
248 it should be pretty self-explanatory. | |
639 | 249 |
250 sound.c: | |
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251 The main function in this file is play_sound, which plays one of 8 |
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252 (maybe 9?) sounds based on preferences. All that the rest of the code |
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253 should have to do is call play_sound(BUDDY_ARRIVE), for example, and |
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254 this file will take care of determining if a sound should be played |
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255 and which file should be played. |
639 | 256 |
4586 | 257 util.c: |
258 There's not really a lot of cohesion to this file; it's just a lot of | |
259 stuff that happened to be thrown into it for no apparent reason. None | |
260 of it is particularly tasty; it's all just utility functions. Just | |
261 like the name says. | |
262 | |
263 plugins/ticker/gtkticker.c: | |
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264 Syd, our resident GTK+ God, wrote a GtkWidget, GtkTicker. This is that |
4586 | 265 widget. It's cool, and it's tiny. This is actually a really good example |
266 widget for those of you looking to write your own. | |
267 | |
268 plugins/ticker/ticker.c: | |
639 | 269 Syd is just so cool. I really can't get over it. He let me come |
270 visit him at Netscape one day, and I got to see all of their toys | |
271 (don't worry, I'm under an NDA). Anyway, this file is for the buddy | |
272 ticker. This is also a damn cool file because it's got all of the | |
273 functions that you'd want right up at the top. Someday I want to be | |
274 as cool as Syd. | |
275 | |
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276 For the PRPLs, the only protocol whose "main" gaim file isn't the same as |
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277 the name of the protocol is ICQ; for that it's gaim_icq.c. But ICQ is |
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278 deprecated and you should be using Oscar for ICQ anyway. |
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279 |
6797 | 280 PLUGINS (read the plugins howto, this is really out of date) |
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281 ======= |
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282 |
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283 OK, so you want to load a plugin. You go through whatever UI (you |
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284 can read all about the UI in plugins.c or whereever). You finally get |
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285 to load_plugin, the meat of the plugins stuff (plugins can actually |
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286 call load_plugin themselves to load other plugins). load_plugin |
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287 is passed the full path to the plugin you want to load |
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288 (e.g. /usr/local/lib/gaim/irc.so). |
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289 |
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290 load_plugin does a few things with that filename. The first is to see |
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291 if you've already loaded that plugin. If you have, load_plugin unloads |
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292 the one that is currently loaded. You might wonder why; it's because |
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293 the same plugin can't be loaded twice. If you call g_module_open on a |
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294 filename twice, both times it will return the same pointer, and both times |
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295 increment the reference count on the GModule * that it returns. This |
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296 means you really do have the same plugin twice, which fucks up the |
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297 callback system to no end. So it's better that you can only have it |
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298 loaded once at any given time. |
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299 |
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300 Now that we're assured that we don't have this particular plugin loaded |
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301 yet, we better load it. g_module_open, baby. Much more portable than |
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302 dlopen(). In fact, for Linux it actually is the equivalent of dlopen() |
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303 (you can read the gmodule source and see for yourself). There's only one |
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304 quirk. It always logically ORs the options you pass with RTLD_GLOBAL, |
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305 which means that plugins share symbols. I haven't figured out yet if |
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306 this means just functions or variables too; but in either case make every |
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307 function and variable in your plugin static except for gaim_plugin_*(), |
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308 name(), and description(). It's good coding practice anyway. |
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309 |
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310 So, assuming we didn't get NULL back from g_module_open, we then make sure |
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311 it's a valid gaim plugin by looking for and calling gaim_plugin_init, |
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312 courtesy g_module_symbol (g_module_symbol is actually what's portable |
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313 about gmodule as opposed to dl*; some BSD's require '_' prepended to |
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314 symbol names and g_module_symbol guarantees we do The Right Thing). |
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315 |
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316 Assuming we've found gaim_plugin_init and it hasn't returned non-NULL |
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317 to us, we then add it to our list of plugins and go merrily about our way. |
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318 |
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319 So when do the callbacks happen?! plugin_event, baby, plugin_event. Any |
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320 time you want to trigger a plugin event simply call plugin_even with the |
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321 parameters to be passed to any event handlers and you're set. plugin_event |
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322 then makes sure that any plugins waiting for the event get passed the |
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323 arguments properly and passes it on to perl. |
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324 |
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325 Speaking of perl. If you really want to know how this works, you're |
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326 better off reading X-Chat's documentation of it, because it's better |
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327 than what I could provide. |
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328 |
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329 |
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330 MULTIPLE CONNECTIONS AND PRPLS |
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331 ============================== |
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332 |
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333 OK, let's start with the basics. There are users. Each user is contained |
4491 | 334 in an gaim_account struct, and kept track of in the gaim_accounts GSList. |
335 Each gaim_account has certain features: a username, a password, and | |
336 user_info. It also has certain options, and the protocol it uses to sign | |
337 on (kept as an int which is #define'd in prpl.h). | |
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338 |
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339 Now then, there are protocols that gaim knows about. Each protocol is |
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340 in a prpl struct and kept track of in the protocols GSList. The way the |
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341 management of the protocols is, there will only ever be one prpl per |
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342 numeric protocol. Each prpl defines a basic set of functions: login, |
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343 logout, send_im, etc. The prpl is responsible not only for handling |
10011 | 344 these functions, but also for calling the appropriate prpl_got functions |
345 It handles each of these on a per-account basis. | |
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346 |
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347 So why's it called a PRPL? It stands for PRotocol PLugin. That means |
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348 that it's possible to dynamically add new protocols to gaim. However, |
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349 all protocols must be implemented the same way: by using a prpl struct |
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350 and being loaded, regardless of whether they are static or dynamic. |
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351 |
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352 Here's how struct gaim_connection fits into all of this. At some point |
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353 the User (capitalized to indicate a person and not a name) will try to |
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354 sign on one of Their users. serv_login is then called for that user. It |
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355 searches for the prpl that is assigned to that user, and calls that prpl's |
4491 | 356 login function, passing it the gaim_account struct that is attempting to |
357 sign on. The prpl is then responsible for seeing that the gaim_connection | |
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358 is created (by calling new_gaim_connection), and registering it as |
4491 | 359 being online (by calling account_online and passing it the gaim_account and |
360 gaim_connection structs). At that point, the gaim_account and gaim_connection | |
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361 structs have pointers to each other, and the gaim_connection struct has |
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362 a pointer to the prpl struct that it is using. The gaim_connections are |
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363 stored in the connections GSList. The way connection management works is, |
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364 there will always only be one gaim_connection per user, and the prpl that |
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365 the gaim_connection uses will be constant for the gaim_connection's life. |
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366 |
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367 So at certain points the User is going to want to do certain things, |
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368 like send a message. They must send the message on a connection. So the UI |
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369 figures out which gaim_connection the User want to send a message on (for |
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370 our example), and calls serv_send_im, telling it which gaim_connection to |
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371 use, and the necessary information (who to send it to, etc). The serv_ |
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372 function then calls the handler of the prpl of the connection for that |
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373 event (that was way too many prepositions). OK, each prpl has a send_im |
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374 function. Each connection has a prpl. so you call gc->prpl->send_im and |
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375 pass it the connection and all the necessary info. And that's how things |
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376 get done. |
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377 |
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378 I hope some of that made sense. Looking back at it it makes absolutely no |
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379 sense to me. Thank god I wrote the code; otherwise I'm sure I'd be lost. |
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380 |
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381 |
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382 WRITING PRPLS |
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383 ============= |
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384 |
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385 Start off with a protocol that you want to implement; make sure it has a |
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386 number defined in prpl.h. If it doesn't, talk to Rob or Eric about adding |
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387 it. *NEVER* use an unassigned number, not even for testing or personal |
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388 use. It's possible that number will be used later by something else and |
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389 that would cause quite a few head-scratchers. |
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390 |
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391 Start off with the following boiler plate: |
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392 |
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393 static struct prpl *my_protocol = NULL; |
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394 |
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395 void newproto_init(struct prpl *ret) { |
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396 ret->protocol = PROTO_NEWPROTO; |
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397 |
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398 my_protocol = ret; |
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399 } |
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400 |
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401 #ifndef STATIC |
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402 |
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403 char *gaim_plugin_init(GModule *handle) |
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404 { |
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405 load_protocol(newproto_init, sizeof(struct prpl)); |
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406 return NULL; |
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407 } |
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408 |
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409 void gaim_plugin_remove() |
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410 { |
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411 struct prpl *p = find_prpl(PROTO_NEWPROTO); |
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412 if (p == my_protocol) |
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413 unload_protocol(p); |
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414 } |
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415 |
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416 char *name() |
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417 { |
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418 return "New Protocol"; |
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419 } |
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420 |
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421 char *description() |
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422 { |
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423 return PRPL_DESC("New Protocol"); |
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424 } |
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425 |
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426 #endif |
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427 |
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428 Replace all NEWPROTO things with your protocol name (e.g. PROTO_OSCAR |
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429 instead of PROTO_NEWPROTO, oscar_init instead of newproto_init). Then |
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430 populate your struct prpl; the most important function is actually name(), |
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431 because without it, Gaim will most likely segfault. The second most |
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432 important function is login(). Not all functions need to be implemented. |
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433 |
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434 There should be absolutely *ZERO* GTK+ in the PRPLs. PRPLs should *NEVER* |
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435 say what the UI *looks* like, only what information needs to be there. |
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436 There's currently an effort to get the GTK+ that is contained in the PRPLs |
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437 directory out of there. If you submit a patch that adds GTK+ to those |
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438 directories it's very likely to be refused, unless if I'm in a good mood |
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439 and decide to relocate things for you. That's not likely. |
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440 |
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441 You're probably wondering how you can do certain things without GTK+. Well, |
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442 you're just going to have to make do. Rely on the UI, that's why it's |
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443 there. A PRPL should have absolutely ZERO interaction with the user, it |
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444 should all be handled by the UI. |
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445 |
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446 Don't use the _options variables at all. The core should take care of all |
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Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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447 of that. There are several proto_opt fields that you can use on a per-user |
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[gaim-migrate @ 2876]
Eric Warmenhoven <eric@warmenhoven.org>
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448 basis. Check out existing protocols for more details. |