annotate libpurple/util.h @ 16083:f2a4b05407d7

Patch from shlomil in ticket #78. This fixes RTL text support in MSN, and lays the framework so it could be supported in other prpls as well. As added pluses, shlomil removed some duplicate code and fixed some small related bugs. committer: Richard Laager <[e-mail]>

/**
 * @file util.h Utility Functions
 * @ingroup core
 *
 * purple
 *
 * Purple is the legal property of its developers, whose names are too numerous
 * to list here.  Please refer to the COPYRIGHT file distributed with this
 * source distribution.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * @todo Rename the functions so that they live somewhere in the purple
 *       namespace.
 */
#ifndef _PURPLE_UTIL_H_
#define _PURPLE_UTIL_H_

#include <stdio.h>

#include "account.h"
#include "xmlnode.h"

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

typedef struct _PurpleUtilFetchUrlData PurpleUtilFetchUrlData;

typedef struct _PurpleMenuAction
{
	char *label;
	PurpleCallback callback;
	gpointer data;
	GList *children;
} PurpleMenuAction;

typedef char *(*PurpleInfoFieldFormatCallback)(const char *field, size_t len);

/**
 * A key-value pair.
 *
 * This is used by, among other things, purple_gtk_combo* functions to pass in a
 * list of key-value pairs so it can display a user-friendly value.
 */
typedef struct _PurpleKeyValuePair
{
	gchar *key;
	void *value;

} PurpleKeyValuePair;

/**
 * Creates a new PurpleMenuAction.
 *
 * @param label    The text label to display for this action.
 * @param callback The function to be called when the action is used on
 *                 the selected item.
 * @param data     Additional data to be passed to the callback.
 * @param children A GList of PurpleMenuActions to be added as a submenu
 *                 of the action.
 * @return The PurpleMenuAction.
 */
PurpleMenuAction *purple_menu_action_new(const char *label, PurpleCallback callback,
                                     gpointer data, GList *children);

/**
 * Frees a PurpleMenuAction
 *
 * @param act The PurpleMenuAction to free.
 */
void purple_menu_action_free(PurpleMenuAction *act);

/**************************************************************************/
/** @name Base16 Functions                                                */
/**************************************************************************/
/*@{*/

/**
 * Converts a chunk of binary data to its base-16 equivalent.
 *
 * @param data The data to convert.
 * @param len  The length of the data.
 *
 * @return The base-16 string in the ASCII encoding.  Must be
 *         g_free'd when no longer needed.
 *
 * @see purple_base16_decode()
 */
gchar *purple_base16_encode(const guchar *data, gsize len);

/**
 * Converts an ASCII string of base-16 encoded data to
 * the binary equivalent.
 *
 * @param str     The base-16 string to convert to raw data.
 * @param ret_len The length of the returned data.  You can
 *                pass in NULL if you're sure that you know
 *                the length of the decoded data, or if you
 *                know you'll be able to use strlen to
 *                determine the length, etc.
 *
 * @return The raw data.  Must be g_free'd when no longer needed.
 *
 * @see purple_base16_encode()
 */
guchar *purple_base16_decode(const char *str, gsize *ret_len);

/*@}*/

/**************************************************************************/
/** @name Base64 Functions                                                */
/**************************************************************************/
/*@{*/

/**
 * Converts a chunk of binary data to its base-64 equivalent.
 *
 * @param data The data to convert.
 * @param len  The length of the data.
 *
 * @return The base-64 string in the ASCII encoding.  Must be
 *         g_free'd when no longer needed.
 *
 * @see purple_base64_decode()
 */
gchar *purple_base64_encode(const guchar *data, gsize len);

/**
 * Converts an ASCII string of base-64 encoded data to
 * the binary equivalent.
 *
 * @param str     The base-64 string to convert to raw data.
 * @param ret_len The length of the returned data.  You can
 *                pass in NULL if you're sure that you know
 *                the length of the decoded data, or if you
 *                know you'll be able to use strlen to
 *                determine the length, etc.
 *
 * @return The raw data.  Must be g_free'd when no longer needed.
 *
 * @see purple_base64_encode()
 */
guchar *purple_base64_decode(const char *str, gsize *ret_len);

/*@}*/

/**************************************************************************/
/** @name Quoted Printable Functions                                      */
/**************************************************************************/
/*@{*/

/**
 * Converts a quoted printable string back to its readable equivalent.
 * What is a quoted printable string, you ask?  It's an encoding used
 * to transmit binary data as ASCII.  It's intended purpose is to send
 * e-mails containing non-ASCII characters.  Wikipedia has a pretty good
 * explanation.  Also see RFC 2045.
 *
 * @param str     The quoted printable ASCII string to convert to raw data.
 * @param ret_len The length of the returned data.
 *
 * @return The readable string.  Must be g_free'd when no longer needed.
 */
guchar *purple_quotedp_decode(const char *str, gsize *ret_len);

/*@}*/

/**************************************************************************/
/** @name MIME Functions                                                  */
/**************************************************************************/
/*@{*/

/**
 * Converts a MIME header field string back to its readable equivalent
 * according to RFC 2047.  Basically, a header is plain ASCII and can
 * contain any number of sections called "encoded-words."  The format
 * of an encoded word is =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?=
 * =? designates the beginning of the encoded-word
 * ?= designates the end of the encoded-word
 *
 * An encoded word is segmented into three pieces by the use of a
 * question mark.  The first piece is the character set, the second
 * piece is the encoding, and the third piece is the encoded text.
 *
 * @param str The ASCII string, possibly containing any number of
 *            encoded-word sections.
 *
 * @return The string, with any encoded-word sections decoded and
 *         converted to UTF-8.  Must be g_free'd when no longer
 *         needed.
 */
char *purple_mime_decode_field(const char *str);

/*@}*/


/**************************************************************************/
/** @name Date/Time Functions                                             */
/**************************************************************************/
/*@{*/

/**
 * Formats a time into the specified format.
 *
 * This is essentially strftime(), but it has a static buffer
 * and handles the UTF-8 conversion for the caller.
 *
 * This function also provides the GNU %z formatter if the underlying C
 * library doesn't.  However, the format string parser is very naive, which
 * means that conversions specifiers to %z cannot be guaranteed.  The GNU
 * strftime(3) man page describes %z as: 'The time-zone as hour offset from
 * GMT.  Required to emit RFC822-conformant dates
 * (using "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z"). (GNU)'
 *
 * On Windows, this function also converts the results for %Z from a timezone
 * name (as returned by the system strftime() %Z format string) to a timezone
 * abbreviation (as is the case on Unix).  As with %z, conversion specifiers
 * should not be used.
 *
 * @param format The format string, in UTF-8
 * @param tm     The time to format, or @c NULL to use the current local time
 *
 * @return The formatted time, in UTF-8.
 *
 * @note @a format is required to be in UTF-8.  This differs from strftime(),
 *       where the format is provided in the locale charset.
 */
const char *purple_utf8_strftime(const char *format, const struct tm *tm);

/**
 * Formats a time into the user's preferred short date format.
 *
 * The returned string is stored in a static buffer, so the result
 * should be g_strdup()'d if it's going to be kept.
 *
 * @param tm The time to format, or @c NULL to use the current local time
 *
 * @return The date, formatted as per the user's settings.
 */
const char *purple_date_format_short(const struct tm *tm);

/**
 * Formats a time into the user's preferred short date plus time format.
 *
 * The returned string is stored in a static buffer, so the result
 * should be g_strdup()'d if it's going to be kept.
 *
 * @param tm The time to format, or @c NULL to use the current local time
 *
 * @return The timestamp, formatted as per the user's settings.
 */
const char *purple_date_format_long(const struct tm *tm);

/**
 * Formats a time into the user's preferred full date and time format.
 *
 * The returned string is stored in a static buffer, so the result
 * should be g_strdup()'d if it's going to be kept.
 *
 * @param tm The time to format, or @c NULL to use the current local time
 *
 * @return The date and time, formatted as per the user's settings.
 */
const char *purple_date_format_full(const struct tm *tm);

/**
 * Formats a time into the user's preferred time format.
 *
 * The returned string is stored in a static buffer, so the result
 * should be g_strdup()'d if it's going to be kept.
 *
 * @param tm The time to format, or @c NULL to use the current local time
 *
 * @return The time, formatted as per the user's settings.
 */
const char *purple_time_format(const struct tm *tm);

/**
 * Builds a time_t from the supplied information.
 *
 * @param year  The year.
 * @param month The month.
 * @param day   The day.
 * @param hour  The hour.
 * @param min   The minute.
 * @param sec   The second.
 *
 * @return A time_t.
 */
time_t purple_time_build(int year, int month, int day, int hour,
					   int min, int sec);

/** Used by purple_str_to_time to indicate no timezone offset was
  * specified in the timestamp string. */
#define PURPLE_NO_TZ_OFF -500000

/**
 * Parses a timestamp in jabber, ISO8601, or MM/DD/YYYY format and returns
 * a time_t.
 *
 * @param timestamp The timestamp
 * @param utc       Assume UTC if no timezone specified
 * @param tm        If not @c NULL, the caller can get a copy of the
 *                  struct tm used to calculate the time_t return value.
 * @param tz_off    If not @c NULL, the caller can get a copy of the
 *                  timezone offset (from UTC) used to calculate the time_t
 *                  return value. Note: Zero is a valid offset. As such,
 *                  the value of the macro @c PURPLE_NO_TZ_OFF indicates no
 *                  offset was specified (which means that the local
 *                  timezone was used in the calculation).
 * @param rest      If not @c NULL, the caller can get a pointer to the
 *                  part of @a timestamp left over after parsing is
 *                  completed, if it's not the end of @a timestamp.
 *
 * @return A time_t.
 */
time_t purple_str_to_time(const char *timestamp, gboolean utc,
                        struct tm *tm, long *tz_off, const char **rest);

/*@}*/


/**************************************************************************/
/** @name Markup Functions                                                */
/**************************************************************************/
/*@{*/

/**
 * Finds an HTML tag matching the given name.
 *
 * This locates an HTML tag's start and end, and stores its attributes
 * in a GData hash table. The names of the attributes are lower-cased
 * in the hash table, and the name of the tag is case insensitive.
 *
 * @param needle	  The name of the tag
 * @param haystack	  The null-delimited string to search in
 * @param start		  A pointer to the start of the tag if found
 * @param end		  A pointer to the end of the tag if found
 * @param attributes  The attributes, if the tag was found.  This should
 *                    be freed with g_datalist_clear().
 * @return TRUE if the tag was found
 */
gboolean purple_markup_find_tag(const char *needle, const char *haystack,
							  const char **start, const char **end,
							  GData **attributes);

/**
 * Extracts a field of data from HTML.
 *
 * This is a scary function. See protocols/msn/msn.c and
 * protocols/yahoo/yahoo_profile.c for example usage.
 *
 * @param str            The string to parse.
 * @param len            The size of str.
 * @param user_info      The destination PurpleNotifyUserInfo to which the new
 *                       field info should be added.
 * @param start_token    The beginning token.
 * @param skip           The number of characters to skip after the
 *                       start token.
 * @param end_token      The ending token.
 * @param check_value    The value that the last character must meet.
 * @param no_value_token The token indicating no value is given.
 * @param display_name   The short descriptive name to display for this token.
 * @param is_link        TRUE if this should be a link, or FALSE otherwise.
 * @param link_prefix    The prefix for the link.
 * @param format_cb      A callback to format the value before adding it.
 *
 * @return TRUE if successful, or FALSE otherwise.
 */
gboolean purple_markup_extract_info_field(const char *str, int len, PurpleNotifyUserInfo *user_info,
                                        const char *start_token, int skip,
                                        const char *end_token, char check_value,
                                        const char *no_value_token,
                                        const char *display_name, gboolean is_link,
                                        const char *link_prefix,
					PurpleInfoFieldFormatCallback format_cb);

/**
 * Converts HTML markup to XHTML.
 *
 * @param html       The HTML markup.
 * @param dest_xhtml The destination XHTML output.
 * @param dest_plain The destination plain-text output.
 */
void purple_markup_html_to_xhtml(const char *html, char **dest_xhtml,
							   char **dest_plain);

/**
 * Strips HTML tags from a string.
 *
 * @param str The string to strip HTML from.
 *
 * @return The new string without HTML. This must be freed.
 */
char *purple_markup_strip_html(const char *str);

/**
 * Adds the necessary HTML code to turn URIs into HTML links in a string.
 *
 * @param str The string to linkify.
 *
 * @return The linkified text.
 */
char *purple_markup_linkify(const char *str);

/**
 * Unescapes HTML entities to their literal characters.
 * For example "&amp;" is replaced by '&' and so on.
 * Actually only "&amp;", "&quot;", "&lt;" and "&gt;" are currently
 * supported.
 *
 * @param html The string in which to unescape any HTML entities
 *
 * @return the text with HTML entities literalized
 */
char *purple_unescape_html(const char *html);

/**
 * Returns a newly allocated substring of the HTML UTF-8 string "str".
 * The markup is preserved such that the substring will have the same
 * formatting as original string, even though some tags may have been
 * opened before "x", or may close after "y". All open tags are closed
 * at the end of the returned string, in the proper order.
 *
 * Note that x and y are in character offsets, not byte offsets, and
 * are offsets into an unformatted version of str. Because of this,
 * this function may be sensitive to changes in GtkIMHtml and may break
 * when used with other UI's. libpurple users are encouraged to report and
 * work out any problems encountered.
 *
 * @param str The input NUL terminated, HTML, UTF-8 (or ASCII) string.
 * @param x The character offset into an unformatted version of str to
 *          begin at.
 * @param y The character offset (into an unformatted vesion of str) of
 *          one past the last character to include in the slice.
 *
 * @return The HTML slice of string, with all formatting retained.
 */
char *purple_markup_slice(const char *str, guint x, guint y);

/**
 * Returns a newly allocated string containing the name of the tag
 * located at "tag". Tag is expected to point to a '<', and contain
 * a '>' sometime after that. If there is no '>' and the string is
 * not NUL terminated, this function can be expected to segfault.
 *
 * @param tag The string starting a HTML tag.
 * @return A string containing the name of the tag.
 */
char *purple_markup_get_tag_name(const char *tag);

/**
 * Returns a constant string of the character representation of the HTML
 * entity pointed by *text. For example *text="&amp;" will return "&" and so on.
 * The *text variable is expected to point to a '&' - the first character 
 * of the entity. On unrecognized entity the function will return NULL.
 * Note that this function, unlike purple_unescape_html() does not seek 
 * the string for the entity, does not replace the entity and does not
 * return a newly allocated string.
 *
 * @param text A string containing HTML entity.
 * @param length The string length of the deteced entity is stored in this variable.
 * @return A constant string containing the character representation of the given entity.
 */
const char * purple_markup_detect_entity(const char *text, int *length);

/**
 * Returns a newly allocated string containing the value of the CSS property specified
 * in opt. The *style argument is expected to point to a HTML inline CSS style.
 * ( ie <span style="[inline css]"> ) The function will seek for the CSS propery and
 * return it's value. Example: for style="direction:rtl;color:#dc4d1b;" opt="color"
 * the function's return value would be #dc4d1b. On error or if the requested property
 * was not found, the function returns NULL.
 *
 * @param style A string containing the inline CSS text.
 * @param opt The requested CSS property.
 * @return the value of the requested CSS property.
 */
gchar* purple_markup_get_css_property(const gchar *style, const gchar *opt);


/*@}*/


/**************************************************************************/
/** @name Path/Filename Functions                                         */
/**************************************************************************/
/*@{*/

/**
 * Returns the user's home directory.
 *
 * @return The user's home directory.
 *
 * @see purple_user_dir()
 */
const gchar *purple_home_dir(void);

/**
 * Returns the purple settings directory in the user's home directory.
 * This is usually ~/.purple
 *
 * @return The purple settings directory.
 *
 * @see purple_home_dir()
 */
const char *purple_user_dir(void);

/**
 * Define a custom purple settings directory, overriding the default (user's home directory/.purple)
 * @param dir The custom settings directory
 */
void purple_util_set_user_dir(const char *dir);

/**
 * Builds a complete path from the root, making any directories along
 * the path which do not already exist.
 *
 * @param path The path you wish to create.  Note that it must start
 *        from the root or this function will fail.
 * @param mode Unix-style permissions for this directory.
 *
 * @return 0 for success, nonzero on any error.
 */
int purple_build_dir(const char *path, int mode);

/**
 * Write a string of data to a file of the given name in the Purple
 * user directory ($HOME/.purple by default).  The data is typically
 * a serialized version of one of Purple's config files, such as
 * prefs.xml, accounts.xml, etc.  And the string is typically
 * obtained using xmlnode_to_formatted_str.  However, this function
 * should work fine for saving binary files as well.
 *
 * @param filename The basename of the file to write in the purple_user_dir.
 * @param data     A null-terminated string of data to write.
 * @param size     The size of the data to save.  If data is
 *                 null-terminated you can pass in -1.
 *
 * @return TRUE if the file was written successfully.  FALSE otherwise.
 */
gboolean purple_util_write_data_to_file(const char *filename, const char *data,
									  size_t size);

/**
 * Read the contents of a given file and parse the results into an
 * xmlnode tree structure.  This is intended to be used to read
 * Purple's configuration xml files (prefs.xml, pounces.xml, etc.)
 *
 * @param filename    The basename of the file to open in the purple_user_dir.
 * @param description A very short description of the contents of this
 *                    file.  This is used in error messages shown to the
 *                    user when the file can not be opened.  For example,
 *                    "preferences," or "buddy pounces."
 *
 * @return An xmlnode tree of the contents of the given file.  Or NULL, if
 *         the file does not exist or there was an error reading the file.
 */
xmlnode *purple_util_read_xml_from_file(const char *filename,
									  const char *description);

/**
 * Creates a temporary file and returns a file pointer to it.
 *
 * This is like mkstemp(), but returns a file pointer and uses a
 * pre-set template. It uses the semantics of tempnam() for the
 * directory to use and allocates the space for the file path.
 *
 * The caller is responsible for closing the file and removing it when
 * done, as well as freeing the space pointed to by @a path with
 * g_free().
 *
 * @param path   The returned path to the temp file.
 * @param binary Text or binary, for platforms where it matters.
 *
 * @return A file pointer to the temporary file, or @c NULL on failure.
 */
FILE *purple_mkstemp(char **path, gboolean binary);

/**
 * Checks if the given program name is valid and executable.
 *
 * @param program The file name of the application.
 *
 * @return TRUE if the program is runable.
 */
gboolean purple_program_is_valid(const char *program);

/**
 * Check if running GNOME.
 *
 * @return TRUE if running GNOME, FALSE otherwise.
 */
gboolean purple_running_gnome(void);

/**
 * Check if running KDE.
 *
 * @return TRUE if running KDE, FALSE otherwise.
 */
gboolean purple_running_kde(void);

/**
 * Check if running OS X.
 *
 * @return TRUE if running OS X, FALSE otherwise.
 */
gboolean purple_running_osx(void);

/**
 * Returns the IP address from a socket file descriptor.
 *
 * @param fd The socket file descriptor.
 *
 * @return The IP address, or @c NULL on error.
 */
char *purple_fd_get_ip(int fd);

/*@}*/


/**************************************************************************/
/** @name String Functions                                                */
/**************************************************************************/
/*@{*/

/**
 * Normalizes a string, so that it is suitable for comparison.
 *
 * The returned string will point to a static buffer, so if the
 * string is intended to be kept long-term, you <i>must</i>
 * g_strdup() it. Also, calling normalize() twice in the same line
 * will lead to problems.
 *
 * @param account  The account the string belongs to, or NULL if you do
 *                 not know the account.  If you use NULL, the string
 *                 will still be normalized, but if the PRPL uses a
 *                 custom normalization function then the string may
 *                 not be normalized correctly.
 * @param str      The string to normalize.
 *
 * @return A pointer to the normalized version stored in a static buffer.
 */
const char *purple_normalize(const PurpleAccount *account, const char *str);

/**
 * Normalizes a string, so that it is suitable for comparison.
 *
 * This is one possible implementation for the PRPL callback
 * function "normalize."  It returns a lowercase and UTF-8
 * normalized version of the string.
 *
 * @param account  The account the string belongs to.
 * @param str      The string to normalize.
 *
 * @return A pointer to the normalized version stored in a static buffer.
 */
const char *purple_normalize_nocase(const PurpleAccount *account, const char *str);

/**
 * Compares two strings to see if the first contains the second as
 * a proper prefix.
 *
 * @param s  The string to check.
 * @param p  The prefix in question.
 *
 * @return   TRUE if p is a prefix of s, otherwise FALSE.
 */
gboolean purple_str_has_prefix(const char *s, const char *p);

/**
 * Compares two strings to see if the second is a proper suffix
 * of the first.
 *
 * @param s  The string to check.
 * @param x  The suffix in question.
 *
 * @return   TRUE if x is a a suffix of s, otherwise FALSE.
 */
gboolean purple_str_has_suffix(const char *s, const char *x);

/**
 * Duplicates a string and replaces all newline characters from the
 * source string with HTML linebreaks.
 *
 * @param src The source string.
 *
 * @return The new string.  Must be g_free'd by the caller.
 */
gchar *purple_strdup_withhtml(const gchar *src);

/**
 * Ensures that all linefeeds have a matching carriage return.
 *
 * @param str The source string.
 *
 * @return The string with carriage returns.
 */
char *purple_str_add_cr(const char *str);

/**
 * Strips all instances of the given character from the
 * given string.  The string is modified in place.  This
 * is useful for stripping new line characters, for example.
 *
 * Example usage:
 * purple_str_strip_char(my_dumb_string, '\n');
 *
 * @param str     The string to strip characters from.
 * @param thechar The character to strip from the given string.
 */
void purple_str_strip_char(char *str, char thechar);

/**
 * Given a string, this replaces all instances of one character
 * with another.  This happens inline (the original string IS
 * modified).
 *
 * @param string The string from which to replace stuff.
 * @param delimiter The character you want replaced.
 * @param replacement The character you want inserted in place
 *        of the delimiting character.
 */
void purple_util_chrreplace(char *string, char delimiter,
						  char replacement);

/**
 * Given a string, this replaces one substring with another
 * and returns a newly allocated string.
 *
 * @param string The string from which to replace stuff.
 * @param delimiter The substring you want replaced.
 * @param replacement The substring you want inserted in place
 *        of the delimiting substring.
 *
 * @return A new string, after performing the substitution.
 *         free this with g_free().
 */
gchar *purple_strreplace(const char *string, const char *delimiter,
					   const char *replacement);


/**
 * Given a string, this replaces any utf-8 substrings in that string with
 * the corresponding numerical character reference, and returns a newly
 * allocated string.
 *
 * @param in The string which might contain utf-8 substrings
 *
 * @return A new string, with utf-8 replaced with numerical character
 *         references, free this with g_free()
*/
char *purple_utf8_ncr_encode(const char *in);


/**
 * Given a string, this replaces any numerical character references
 * in that string with the corresponding actual utf-8 substrings,
 * and returns a newly allocated string.
 *
 * @param in The string which might contain numerical character references.
 *
 * @return A new string, with numerical character references
 *         replaced with actual utf-8, free this with g_free().
 */
char *purple_utf8_ncr_decode(const char *in);


/**
 * Given a string, this replaces one substring with another
 * ignoring case and returns a newly allocated string.
 *
 * @param string The string from which to replace stuff.
 * @param delimiter The substring you want replaced.
 * @param replacement The substring you want inserted in place
 *        of the delimiting substring.
 *
 * @return A new string, after performing the substitution.
 *         free this with g_free().
 */
gchar *purple_strcasereplace(const char *string, const char *delimiter,
						   const char *replacement);

/**
 * This is like strstr, except that it ignores ASCII case in
 * searching for the substring.
 *
 * @param haystack The string to search in.
 * @param needle   The substring to find.
 *
 * @return the location of the substring if found, or NULL if not
 */
const char *purple_strcasestr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);

/**
 * Returns a string representing a filesize in the appropriate
 * units (MB, KB, GB, etc.)
 *
 * @param size The size
 *
 * @return The string in units form. This must be freed.
 */
char *purple_str_size_to_units(size_t size);

/**
 * Converts seconds into a human-readable form.
 *
 * @param sec The seconds.
 *
 * @return A human-readable form, containing days, hours, minutes, and
 *         seconds.
 */
char *purple_str_seconds_to_string(guint sec);

/**
 * Converts a binary string into a NUL terminated ascii string,
 * replacing nonascii characters and characters below SPACE (including
 * NUL) into \\xyy, where yy are two hex digits. Also backslashes are
 * changed into two backslashes (\\\\). The returned, newly allocated
 * string can be outputted to the console, and must be g_free()d.
 *
 * @param binary A string of random data, possibly with embedded NULs
 *               and such.
 * @param len The length in bytes of the input string. Must not be 0.
 *
 * @return A newly allocated ASCIIZ string.
 */
char *purple_str_binary_to_ascii(const unsigned char *binary, guint len);
/*@}*/


/**************************************************************************/
/** @name URI/URL Functions                                               */
/**************************************************************************/
/*@{*/

void purple_got_protocol_handler_uri(const char *uri);

/**
 * Parses a URL, returning its host, port, file path, username and password.
 *
 * The returned data must be freed.
 *
 * @param url      The URL to parse.
 * @param ret_host The returned host.
 * @param ret_port The returned port.
 * @param ret_path The returned path.
 * @param ret_user The returned username.
 * @param ret_passwd The returned password.
 */
gboolean purple_url_parse(const char *url, char **ret_host, int *ret_port,
						char **ret_path, char **ret_user, char **ret_passwd);

/**
 * This is the signature used for functions that act as the callback
 * to purple_util_fetch_url() or purple_util_fetch_url_request().
 *
 * @param url_data      The same value that was returned when you called
 *                      purple_fetch_url() or purple_fetch_url_request().
 * @param user_data     The user data that your code passed into either
 *                      purple_util_fetch_url() or purple_util_fetch_url_request().
 * @param url_text      This will be NULL on error.  Otherwise this
 *                      will contain the contents of the URL.
 * @param len           0 on error, otherwise this is the length of buf.
 * @param error_message If something went wrong then this will contain
 *                      a descriptive error message, and buf will be
 *                      NULL and len will be 0.
 */
typedef void (*PurpleUtilFetchUrlCallback)(PurpleUtilFetchUrlData *url_data, gpointer user_data, const gchar *url_text, gsize len, const gchar *error_message);

/**
 * Fetches the data from a URL, and passes it to a callback function.
 *
 * @param url        The URL.
 * @param full       TRUE if this is the full URL, or FALSE if it's a
 *                   partial URL.
 * @param user_agent The user agent field to use, or NULL.
 * @param http11     TRUE if HTTP/1.1 should be used to download the file.
 * @param cb         The callback function.
 * @param data       The user data to pass to the callback function.
 */
#define purple_util_fetch_url(url, full, user_agent, http11, cb, data) \
	purple_util_fetch_url_request(url, full, user_agent, http11, NULL, \
		FALSE, cb, data);

/**
 * Fetches the data from a URL, and passes it to a callback function.
 *
 * @param url        The URL.
 * @param full       TRUE if this is the full URL, or FALSE if it's a
 *                   partial URL.
 * @param user_agent The user agent field to use, or NULL.
 * @param http11     TRUE if HTTP/1.1 should be used to download the file.
 * @param request    A HTTP request to send to the server instead of the
 *                   standard GET
 * @param include_headers
 *                   If TRUE, include the HTTP headers in the response.
 * @param callback   The callback function.
 * @param data       The user data to pass to the callback function.
 */
PurpleUtilFetchUrlData *purple_util_fetch_url_request(const gchar *url,
		gboolean full, const gchar *user_agent, gboolean http11,
		const gchar *request, gboolean include_headers,
		PurpleUtilFetchUrlCallback callback, gpointer data);

/**
 * Cancel a pending URL request started with either
 * purple_util_fetch_url_request() or purple_util_fetch_url().
 *
 * @param url_data The data returned when you initiated the URL fetch.
 */
void purple_util_fetch_url_cancel(PurpleUtilFetchUrlData *url_data);

/**
 * Decodes a URL into a plain string.
 *
 * This will change hex codes and such to their ascii equivalents.
 *
 * @param str The string to translate.
 *
 * @return The resulting string.
 */
const char *purple_url_decode(const char *str);

/**
 * Encodes a URL into an escaped string.
 *
 * This will change non-alphanumeric characters to hex codes.
 *
 * @param str The string to translate.
 *
 * @return The resulting string.
 */
const char *purple_url_encode(const char *str);

/**
 * Checks if the given email address is syntactically valid.
 *
 * @param address The email address to validate.
 *
 * @return True if the email address is syntactically correct.
 */
gboolean purple_email_is_valid(const char *address);

/**
 * This function extracts a list of URIs from the a "text/uri-list"
 * string.  It was "borrowed" from gnome_uri_list_extract_uris
 *
 * @param uri_list An uri-list in the standard format.
 *
 * @return A GList containing strings allocated with g_malloc
 *         that have been splitted from uri-list.
 */
GList *purple_uri_list_extract_uris(const gchar *uri_list);

/**
 * This function extracts a list of filenames from a
 * "text/uri-list" string.  It was "borrowed" from
 * gnome_uri_list_extract_filenames
 *
 * @param uri_list A uri-list in the standard format.
 *
 * @return A GList containing strings allocated with g_malloc that
 *         contain the filenames in the uri-list. Note that unlike
 *         purple_uri_list_extract_uris() function, this will discard
 *         any non-file uri from the result value.
 */
GList *purple_uri_list_extract_filenames(const gchar *uri_list);

/*@}*/

/**************************************************************************
 * UTF8 String Functions
 **************************************************************************/
/*@{*/

/**
 * Attempts to convert a string to UTF-8 from an unknown encoding.
 *
 * This function checks the locale and tries sane defaults.
 *
 * @param str The source string.
 *
 * @return The UTF-8 string, or @c NULL if it could not be converted.
 */
gchar *purple_utf8_try_convert(const char *str);

/**
 * Salvages the valid UTF-8 characters from a string, replacing any
 * invalid characters with a filler character (currently hardcoded to
 * '?').
 *
 * @param str The source string.
 *
 * @return A valid UTF-8 string.
 */
gchar *purple_utf8_salvage(const char *str);

/**
 * Compares two UTF-8 strings case-insensitively.
 *
 * @param a The first string.
 * @param b The second string.
 *
 * @return -1 if @a is less than @a b.
 *          0 if @a is equal to @a b.
 *          1 if @a is greater than @a b.
 */
int purple_utf8_strcasecmp(const char *a, const char *b);

/**
 * Case insensitive search for a word in a string. The needle string
 * must be contained in the haystack string and not be immediately
 * preceded or immediately followed by another alpha-numeric character.
 *
 * @param haystack The string to search in.
 * @param needle   The substring to find.
 *
 * @return TRUE if haystack has the word, otherwise FALSE
 */
gboolean purple_utf8_has_word(const char *haystack, const char *needle);

/**
 * Prints a UTF-8 message to the given file stream. The function
 * tries to convert the UTF-8 message to user's locale. If this
 * is not possible, the original UTF-8 text will be printed.
 *
 * @param filestream The file stream (e.g. STDOUT or STDERR)
 * @param message    The message to print.
 */
void purple_print_utf8_to_console(FILE *filestream, char *message);

/**
 * Checks for messages starting with "/me "
 *
 * @param message The message to check
 * @param len     The message length, or -1
 *
 * @return TRUE if it starts with /me, and it has been removed, otherwise FALSE
 */
gboolean purple_message_meify(char *message, size_t len);

/**
 * Removes the underscore characters from a string used identify the mnemonic
 * character.
 *
 * @param in  The string to strip
 *
 * @return The stripped string
 */
char *purple_text_strip_mnemonic(const char *in);

/*@}*/

/**
 * Adds 8 to something.
 *
 * Blame SimGuy.
 *
 * @param x The number to add 8 to.
 *
 * @return x + 8
 */
#define purple_add_eight(x) ((x)+8)

/**
 * Does the reverse of purple_escape_filename
 *
 * This will change hex codes and such to their ascii equivalents.
 *
 * @param str The string to translate.
 *
 * @return The resulting string.
 */
const char *purple_unescape_filename(const char *str);

/**
 * Escapes filesystem-unfriendly characters from a filename
 *
 * @param str The string to translate.
 *
 * @return The resulting string.
 */
const char *purple_escape_filename(const char *str);

/**
 * This is added temporarily to assist the split of oscar into aim and icq.
 * This should not be used by plugins.
 */
const char *_purple_oscar_convert(const char *act, const char *protocol);

/**
 * Restore default signal handlers for signals which might reasonably have
 * handlers. This should be called by a fork()'d child process, since child processes
 * inherit the handlers of the parent.
 */
void purple_restore_default_signal_handlers(void);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* _PURPLE_UTIL_H_ */