annotate po/zh.po @ 783:b15bea650f30

started tour-basic.tex

#
# Simplified Chinese translation for hgbook
# This file is distributed under the same license as the hgbook.
#
# Authors:
# Dongsheng Song <[e-mail]>, 2009
#
# Check translation:
#    msgfmt --statistics -c -o zh.mo zh.po
#
# Please format your translation before commit:
#    msgcat --sort-by-file --width=80 -o zh_new.po zh.po
#    mv -f zh_new.po zh.po
#
# Dictionary:
# blame             追溯
# branch            分支
# changes           修改
# changeset         修改集
# checkout          检出
# remove            移除(从版本库删除)
# delete            删除(只从文件系统删除)
# filelog           文件日志
# patchset          补丁集
# pushing to        推到
# pulling from      拉自，抓取
# rename            改名
# repository        版本库
# revert            恢复
# revision          版本
# revlog            版本日志
# tag               标签
# tip               顶点
# undo              撤销
# unversioned       未版本控制
# updated           更新到，同步到(适用于旧版本)
# versioned         受版本控制
# working copy      工作副本
# ...
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: hgbook 1.2\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-04-05 11:48+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-04-05 12:10+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: 宋冬生 <[e-mail]>\n"
"Language-Team: Simplified Chinese <[e-mail] >\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"X-Poedit-Language: Chinese\n"
"X-Poedit-Country: CHINA\n"
"X-Poedit-SourceCharset: utf-8\n"

#. type: Content of: <book><title>
#: ../en/00book.xml:41
msgid "Mercurial: The Definitive Guide"
msgstr "Mercurial 权威指南"

#. type: Content of: <book><subtitle>
#: ../en/00book.xml:46
msgid "Compiled from $rev_id$"
msgstr "编译自 $rev_id$"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
#: ../en/00book.xml:48
msgid "<edition>1</edition> <isbn>9780596800673</isbn>"
msgstr "<edition>1</edition> <isbn>9780596800673</isbn>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname>
#: ../en/00book.xml:52
msgid "Bryan"
msgstr "Bryan"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname>
#: ../en/00book.xml:53
msgid "O'Sullivan"
msgstr "O'Sullivan"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
#: ../en/00book.xml:57
msgid ""
"<editor> <firstname>Mike</firstname> <surname>Loukides</surname> </editor> "
"<copyright> <year>2006</year> <year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</"
"year> <holder>Bryan O'Sullivan</holder> </copyright>"
msgstr ""
"<editor> <firstname>Mike</firstname> <surname>Loukides</surname> </editor> "
"<copyright> <year>2006</year> <year>2007</year> <year>2008</year> <year>2009</"
"year> <holder>Bryan O'Sullivan</holder> </copyright>"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:5
msgid "Mercurial Queues reference"
msgstr "Mercurial 队列参考"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:8
msgid "MQ command reference"
msgstr "MQ 命令参考"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:10
msgid ""
"For an overview of the commands provided by MQ, use the command <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg help mq</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:14
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command>&emdash;print applied patches"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command>—显示已应用的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:17
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command> command prints the current "
"stack of applied patches.  Patches are printed in oldest-to-newest order, so "
"the last patch in the list is the <quote>top</quote> patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:24
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</command>&emdash;commit changes in the "
"queue repository"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</command>—提交队列中的修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:27
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</command> command commits any "
"outstanding changes in the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/"
"patches</filename> repository.  This command only works if the <filename role="
"\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> directory is a "
"repository, i.e. you created the directory using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"qinit <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">-c</option></command> or ran "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg init</command> in the directory after running "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:39
msgid ""
"This command is shorthand for <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit --cwd .hg/"
"patches</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:43
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdelete</command>&emdash;delete a patch from the "
"<filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file"
msgstr ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdelete</command>—从文件 <filename role=\"special"
"\">series</filename> 中删除补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:48
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdelete</command> command removes the entry "
"for a patch from the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file in the "
"<filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> "
"directory.  It does not pop the patch if the patch is already applied.  By "
"default, it does not delete the patch file; use the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-"
"cmd-qdel-opt\">-f</option> option to do that."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:57 ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:99 ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:157
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:197 ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:264
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:335 ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:404
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:497
msgid "Options:"
msgstr "选项:"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:59
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qdel-opt\">-f</option>: Delete the patch file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:66
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdiff</command>&emdash;print a diff of the "
"topmost applied patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdiff</command>—显示最新应用补丁的差异"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:69
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qdiff</command> command prints a diff of the "
"topmost applied patch. It is equivalent to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff -"
"r-2:-1</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:75
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command>&emdash;merge (<quote>fold</"
"quote>) several patches into one"
msgstr ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command>—将多个补丁合并(<quote>折叠</"
"quote>)成一个"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:78
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command> command merges multiple "
"patches into the topmost applied patch, so that the topmost applied patch "
"makes the union of all of the changes in the patches in question."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:83
msgid ""
"The patches to fold must not be applied; <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</"
"command> will exit with an error if any is.  The order in which patches are "
"folded is significant; <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qfold a b</command> means "
"<quote>apply the current topmost patch, followed by <literal>a</literal>, "
"followed by <literal>b</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:91
msgid ""
"The comments from the folded patches are appended to the comments of the "
"destination patch, with each block of comments separated by three asterisk "
"(<quote><literal>*</literal></quote>) characters.  Use the <option role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq-cmd-qfold-opt\">-e</option> option to edit the commit message for the "
"combined patch/changeset after the folding has completed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:101
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qfold-opt\">-e</option>: Edit the commit message "
"and patch description for the newly folded patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:106
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qfold-opt\">-l</option>: Use the contents of the "
"given file as the new commit message and patch description for the folded "
"patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:111
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qfold-opt\">-m</option>: Use the given text as "
"the new commit message and patch description for the folded patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:119
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qheader</command>&emdash;display the header/"
"description of a patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qheader</command>—显示补丁头部描述"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:123
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qheader</command> command prints the header, "
"or description, of a patch.  By default, it prints the header of the topmost "
"applied patch. Given an argument, it prints the header of the named patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:130
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command>&emdash;import a third-party "
"patch into the queue"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command>—将第三方补丁导入队列"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:133
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command> command adds an entry for "
"an external patch to the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file, "
"and copies the patch into the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">."
"hg/patches</filename> directory.  It adds the entry immediately after the "
"topmost applied patch, but does not push the patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:141
msgid ""
"If the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> "
"directory is a repository, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command> "
"automatically does an <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> of the "
"imported patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:149
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command>&emdash;prepare a repository to "
"work with MQ"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command>—为使用 MQ 配置版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:152
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command> command prepares a repository "
"to work with MQ.  It creates a directory called <filename role=\"special\" "
"class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:159
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">-c</option>: Create <filename role="
"\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> as a repository in its "
"own right.  Also creates a <filename role=\"special\">.hgignore</filename> "
"file that will ignore the <filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:169
msgid ""
"When the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</"
"filename> directory is a repository, the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</"
"command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command> commands "
"automatically <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> new patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:178
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command>&emdash;create a new patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command>—创建新补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:181
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command> command creates a new patch.  "
"It takes one mandatory argument, the name to use for the patch file.  The "
"newly created patch is created empty by default.  It is added to the "
"<filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file after the current topmost "
"applied patch, and is immediately pushed on top of that patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:189
msgid ""
"If <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command> finds modified files in the "
"working directory, it will refuse to create a new patch unless the <option "
"role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qnew-opt\">-f</option> option is used (see below).  This "
"behaviour allows you to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> your "
"topmost applied patch before you apply a new patch on top of it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:199
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qnew-opt\">-f</option>: Create a new patch if "
"the contents of the working directory are modified.  Any outstanding "
"modifications are added to the newly created patch, so after this command "
"completes, the working directory will no longer be modified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:206
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qnew-opt\">-m</option>: Use the given text as "
"the commit message. This text will be stored at the beginning of the patch "
"file, before the patch data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:215
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnext</command>&emdash;print the name of the next "
"patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnext</command>—显示下个补丁的名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:218
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnext</command> command prints the name name "
"of the next patch in the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file "
"after the topmost applied patch.  This patch will become the topmost applied "
"patch if you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:227
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command>&emdash;pop patches off the stack"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command>—删除堆栈顶部的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:230
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> command removes applied "
"patches from the top of the stack of applied patches.  By default, it removes "
"only one patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:234
msgid ""
"This command removes the changesets that represent the popped patches from "
"the repository, and updates the working directory to undo the effects of the "
"patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:238
msgid ""
"This command takes an optional argument, which it uses as the name or index "
"of the patch to pop to.  If given a name, it will pop patches until the named "
"patch is the topmost applied patch.  If given a number, <command role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq\">qpop</command> treats the number as an index into the entries in the "
"series file, counting from zero (empty lines and lines containing only "
"comments do not count).  It pops patches until the patch identified by the "
"given index is the topmost applied patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:248
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> command does not read or write "
"patches or the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file.  It is thus "
"safe to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> a patch that you have "
"removed from the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file, or a "
"patch that you have renamed or deleted entirely.  In the latter two cases, "
"use the name of the patch as it was when you applied it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:257
msgid ""
"By default, the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> command will not "
"pop any patches if the working directory has been modified.  You can override "
"this behaviour using the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">-f</option> "
"option, which reverts all modifications in the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:266
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">-a</option>: Pop all applied "
"patches.  This returns the repository to its state before you applied any "
"patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:271
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">-f</option>: Forcibly revert any "
"modifications to the working directory when popping."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:276
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">-n</option>: Pop a patch from the "
"named queue."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:281
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> command removes one line from "
"the end of the <filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file for each "
"patch that it pops."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:288
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qprev</command>&emdash;print the name of the "
"previous patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qprev</command>—显示上个补丁的名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:291
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qprev</command> command prints the name of "
"the patch in the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file that comes "
"before the topmost applied patch. This will become the topmost applied patch "
"if you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:300
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>&emdash;push patches onto the stack"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>—增加补丁到堆栈"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:303
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> command adds patches onto the "
"applied stack.  By default, it adds only one patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:307
msgid ""
"This command creates a new changeset to represent each applied patch, and "
"updates the working directory to apply the effects of the patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:311
msgid "The default data used when creating a changeset are as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:314
msgid ""
"The commit date and time zone are the current date and time zone.  Because "
"these data are used to compute the identity of a changeset, this means that "
"if you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> a patch and <command role="
"\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> it again, the changeset that you push will have "
"a different identity than the changeset you popped."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:322
msgid ""
"The author is the same as the default used by the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"commit</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:326
msgid ""
"The commit message is any text from the patch file that comes before the "
"first diff header.  If there is no such text, a default commit message is "
"used that identifies the name of the patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:331
msgid ""
"If a patch contains a Mercurial patch header (XXX add link), the information "
"in the patch header overrides these defaults."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:337
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">-a</option>: Push all unapplied "
"patches from the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file until "
"there are none left to push."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:343
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">-l</option>: Add the name of the "
"patch to the end of the commit message."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:347
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">-m</option>: If a patch fails to "
"apply cleanly, use the entry for the patch in another saved queue to compute "
"the parameters for a three-way merge, and perform a three-way merge using the "
"normal Mercurial merge machinery.  Use the resolution of the merge as the new "
"patch content."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:355
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">-n</option>: Use the named queue if "
"merging while pushing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:360
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> command reads, but does not "
"modify, the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file.  It appends "
"one line to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> file for each "
"patch that it pushes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:368
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command>&emdash;update the topmost "
"applied patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command>—更新最新的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:372
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> command updates the "
"topmost applied patch.  It modifies the patch, removes the old changeset that "
"represented the patch, and creates a new changeset to represent the modified "
"patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:378
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> command looks for the "
"following modifications:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:381
msgid ""
"Changes to the commit message, i.e. the text before the first diff header in "
"the patch file, are reflected in the new changeset that represents the patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:386
msgid ""
"Modifications to tracked files in the working directory are added to the "
"patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:389
msgid ""
"Changes to the files tracked using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command>, "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"remove</command>, or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command>.  Added "
"files and copy and rename destinations are added to the patch, while removed "
"files and rename sources are removed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:398
msgid ""
"Even if <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> detects no changes, it "
"still recreates the changeset that represents the patch.  This causes the "
"identity of the changeset to differ from the previous changeset that "
"identified the patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:406
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qrefresh-opt\">-e</option>: Modify the commit "
"and patch description, using the preferred text editor."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:411
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qrefresh-opt\">-m</option>: Modify the commit "
"message and patch description, using the given text."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:416
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qrefresh-opt\">-l</option>: Modify the commit "
"message and patch description, using text from the given file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:424
msgid "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrename</command>&emdash;rename a patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrename</command>—改名补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:427
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrename</command> command renames a patch, "
"and changes the entry for the patch in the <filename role=\"special\">series</"
"filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:431
msgid ""
"With a single argument, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrename</command> renames "
"the topmost applied patch.  With two arguments, it renames its first argument "
"to its second."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:438
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrestore</command>&emdash;restore saved queue "
"state"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrestore</command>—恢复保存的队列"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:442
msgid "XXX No idea what this does."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:446
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qsave</command>&emdash;save current queue state"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qsave</command>—保存当前的队列状态"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:449
msgid "XXX Likewise."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:453
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command>&emdash;print the entire patch "
"series"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command>—显示补丁序列"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:456
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command> command prints the entire "
"patch series from the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file.  It "
"prints only patch names, not empty lines or comments.  It prints in order "
"from first to be applied to last."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:464
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qtop</command>&emdash;print the name of the "
"current patch"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qtop</command>—显示当前补丁的名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:467
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qtop</command> prints the name of the topmost "
"currently applied patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:472
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qunapplied</command>&emdash;print patches not yet "
"applied"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qunapplied</command>—显示尚未应用的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:476
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qunapplied</command> command prints the names "
"of patches from the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file that "
"are not yet applied.  It prints them in order from the next patch that will "
"be pushed to the last."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:484
msgid ""
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command>&emdash;remove a revision and "
"descendants"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command>—删除一个版本及其后继"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:487
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command> command removes a revision, "
"and all of its descendants, from the repository.  It undoes the effects of "
"the removed revisions from the repository, and updates the working directory "
"to the first parent of the removed revision."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:493
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command> command saves a backup of the "
"removed changesets in a bundle, so that they can be reapplied if removed in "
"error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:499
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-opt-strip\">-b</option>: Save unrelated changesets that are "
"intermixed with the stripped changesets in the backup bundle."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:503
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-opt-strip\">-f</option>: If a branch has multiple heads, "
"remove all heads. XXX This should be renamed, and use <literal>-f</literal> "
"to strip revs when there are pending changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:508
msgid "<option role=\"hg-opt-strip\">-n</option>: Do not save a backup bundle."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:515
msgid "MQ file reference"
msgstr "MQ 文件参考"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:518
msgid "The <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file"
msgstr "<filename role=\"special\">序列</filename>文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:521
msgid ""
"The <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file contains a list of the "
"names of all patches that MQ can apply.  It is represented as a list of "
"names, with one name saved per line.  Leading and trailing white space in "
"each line are ignored."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:527
msgid ""
"Lines may contain comments.  A comment begins with the <quote><literal>#</"
"literal></quote> character, and extends to the end of the line.  Empty lines, "
"and lines that contain only comments, are ignored."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:532
msgid ""
"You will often need to edit the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> "
"file by hand, hence the support for comments and empty lines noted above.  "
"For example, you can comment out a patch temporarily, and <command role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq\">qpush</command> will skip over that patch when applying patches.  "
"You can also change the order in which patches are applied by reordering "
"their entries in the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:541
msgid ""
"Placing the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file under revision "
"control is also supported; it is a good idea to place all of the patches that "
"it refers to under revision control, as well.  If you create a patch "
"directory using the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">-c</option> "
"option to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command>, this will be done for "
"you automatically."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:551
msgid "The <filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file"
msgstr "<filename role=\"special\">状态</filename>文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/appB-mq-ref.xml:554
msgid ""
"The <filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file contains the names and "
"changeset hashes of all patches that MQ currently has applied.  Unlike the "
"<filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file, this file is not intended "
"for editing.  You should not place this file under revision control, or "
"modify it in any way.  It is used by MQ strictly for internal book-keeping."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:5
msgid "Installing Mercurial from source"
msgstr "从源代码安装 Mercurial"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:8
msgid "On a Unix-like system"
msgstr "类 Unix 系统"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:10
msgid ""
"If you are using a Unix-like system that has a sufficiently recent version of "
"Python (2.3 or newer) available, it is easy to install Mercurial from source."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:14
msgid ""
"Download a recent source tarball from <ulink url=\"http://www.selenic.com/"
"mercurial/download\">http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/download</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:17
msgid "Unpack the tarball:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:20
msgid ""
"Go into the source directory and run the installer script.  This will build "
"Mercurial and install it in your home directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:27
msgid ""
"Once the install finishes, Mercurial will be in the <literal>bin</literal> "
"subdirectory of your home directory.  Don't forget to make sure that this "
"directory is present in your shell's search path."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:32
msgid ""
"You will probably need to set the <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> environment "
"variable so that the Mercurial executable can find the rest of the Mercurial "
"packages.  For example, on my laptop, I have set it to <literal>/home/bos/lib/"
"python</literal>.  The exact path that you will need to use depends on how "
"Python was built for your system, but should be easy to figure out.  If "
"you're uncertain, look through the output of the installer script above, and "
"see where the contents of the <literal>mercurial</literal> directory were "
"installed to."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:44
msgid "On Windows"
msgstr "Windows 系统"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:46
msgid ""
"Building and installing Mercurial on Windows requires a variety of tools, a "
"fair amount of technical knowledge, and considerable patience.  I very much "
"<emphasis>do not recommend</emphasis> this route if you are a <quote>casual "
"user</quote>.  Unless you intend to hack on Mercurial, I strongly suggest "
"that you use a binary package instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appC-srcinstall.xml:53
msgid ""
"If you are intent on building Mercurial from source on Windows, follow the "
"<quote>hard way</quote> directions on the Mercurial wiki at <ulink url="
"\"http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/wiki/index.cgi/WindowsInstall\">http://www."
"selenic.com/mercurial/wiki/index.cgi/WindowsInstall</ulink>, and expect the "
"process to involve a lot of fiddly work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:5
msgid "Open Publication License"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:7
msgid "Version 1.0, 8 June 1999"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:10
msgid "Requirements on both unmodified and modified versions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:13
msgid ""
"The Open Publication works may be reproduced and distributed in whole or in "
"part, in any medium physical or electronic, provided that the terms of this "
"license are adhered to, and that this license or an incorporation of it by "
"reference (with any options elected by the author(s) and/or publisher) is "
"displayed in the reproduction."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:20
msgid "Proper form for an incorporation by reference is as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><blockquote><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:24
msgid ""
"Copyright (c) <emphasis>year</emphasis> by <emphasis>author's name or "
"designee</emphasis>. This material may be distributed only subject to the "
"terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v<emphasis>x."
"y</emphasis> or later (the latest version is presently available at <ulink "
"url=\"http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/\">http://www.opencontent.org/"
"openpub/</ulink>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:33
msgid ""
"The reference must be immediately followed with any options elected by the "
"author(s) and/or publisher of the document (see <xref linkend=\"sec:opl:"
"options\"/>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:37
msgid ""
"Commercial redistribution of Open Publication-licensed material is permitted."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:40
msgid ""
"Any publication in standard (paper) book form shall require the citation of "
"the original publisher and author. The publisher and author's names shall "
"appear on all outer surfaces of the book. On all outer surfaces of the book "
"the original publisher's name shall be as large as the title of the work and "
"cited as possessive with respect to the title."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:49
msgid "Copyright"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:51
msgid ""
"The copyright to each Open Publication is owned by its author(s) or designee."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:56
msgid "Scope of license"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:58
msgid ""
"The following license terms apply to all Open Publication works, unless "
"otherwise explicitly stated in the document."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:62
msgid ""
"Mere aggregation of Open Publication works or a portion of an Open "
"Publication work with other works or programs on the same media shall not "
"cause this license to apply to those other works. The aggregate work shall "
"contain a notice specifying the inclusion of the Open Publication material "
"and appropriate copyright notice."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:69
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"bold\">Severability</emphasis>. If any part of this license "
"is found to be unenforceable in any jurisdiction, the remaining portions of "
"the license remain in force."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:74
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"bold\">No warranty</emphasis>. Open Publication works are "
"licensed and provided <quote>as is</quote> without warranty of any kind, "
"express or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of "
"merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose or a warranty of non-"
"infringement."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:83
msgid "Requirements on modified works"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:85
msgid ""
"All modified versions of documents covered by this license, including "
"translations, anthologies, compilations and partial documents, must meet the "
"following requirements:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:90
msgid "The modified version must be labeled as such."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:93
msgid ""
"The person making the modifications must be identified and the modifications "
"dated."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:96
msgid ""
"Acknowledgement of the original author and publisher if applicable must be "
"retained according to normal academic citation practices."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:100
msgid "The location of the original unmodified document must be identified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:103
msgid ""
"The original author's (or authors') name(s) may not be used to assert or "
"imply endorsement of the resulting document without the original author's (or "
"authors')  permission."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:111
msgid "Good-practice recommendations"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:113
msgid ""
"In addition to the requirements of this license, it is requested from and "
"strongly recommended of redistributors that:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:118
msgid ""
"If you are distributing Open Publication works on hardcopy or CD-ROM, you "
"provide email notification to the authors of your intent to redistribute at "
"least thirty days before your manuscript or media freeze, to give the authors "
"time to provide updated documents. This notification should describe "
"modifications, if any, made to the document."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:125
msgid ""
"All substantive modifications (including deletions) be either clearly marked "
"up in the document or else described in an attachment to the document."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:129
msgid ""
"Finally, while it is not mandatory under this license, it is considered good "
"form to offer a free copy of any hardcopy and CD-ROM expression of an Open "
"Publication-licensed work to its author(s)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><title>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:137
msgid "License options"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:139
msgid ""
"The author(s) and/or publisher of an Open Publication-licensed document may "
"elect certain options by appending language to the reference to or copy of "
"the license.  These options are considered part of the license instance and "
"must be included with the license (or its incorporation by reference) in "
"derived works."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:147
msgid ""
"To prohibit distribution of substantively modified versions without the "
"explicit permission of the author(s). <quote>Substantive modification</quote> "
"is defined as a change to the semantic content of the document, and excludes "
"mere changes in format or typographical corrections."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:154
msgid ""
"To accomplish this, add the phrase <quote>Distribution of substantively "
"modified versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit "
"permission of the copyright holder.</quote> to the license reference or copy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:160
msgid ""
"To prohibit any publication of this work or derivative works in whole or in "
"part in standard (paper)  book form for commercial purposes is prohibited "
"unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/appD-license.xml:165
msgid ""
"To accomplish this, add the phrase <quote>Distribution of the work or "
"derivative of the work in any standard (paper) book form is prohibited unless "
"prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder.</quote> to the "
"license reference or copy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:5
msgid "Preface"
msgstr "序言"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:8
msgid "Why revision control? Why Mercurial?"
msgstr "为什么使用版本控制? 为什么使用 Mercurial?"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:10
msgid ""
"Revision control is the process of managing multiple versions of a piece of "
"information.  In its simplest form, this is something that many people do by "
"hand: every time you modify a file, save it under a new name that contains a "
"number, each one higher than the number of the preceding version."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:16
msgid ""
"Manually managing multiple versions of even a single file is an error-prone "
"task, though, so software tools to help automate this process have long been "
"available.  The earliest automated revision control tools were intended to "
"help a single user to manage revisions of a single file.  Over the past few "
"decades, the scope of revision control tools has expanded greatly; they now "
"manage multiple files, and help multiple people to work together.  The best "
"modern revision control tools have no problem coping with thousands of people "
"working together on projects that consist of hundreds of thousands of files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:27
msgid ""
"The arrival of distributed revision control is relatively recent, and so far "
"this new field has grown due to people's willingness to explore ill-charted "
"territory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:31
msgid ""
"I am writing a book about distributed revision control because I believe that "
"it is an important subject that deserves a field guide. I chose to write "
"about Mercurial because it is the easiest tool to learn the terrain with, and "
"yet it scales to the demands of real, challenging environments where many "
"other revision control tools buckle."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:39
msgid "Why use revision control?"
msgstr "为什么使用版本控制?"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:41
msgid ""
"There are a number of reasons why you or your team might want to use an "
"automated revision control tool for a project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:46
msgid ""
"It will track the history and evolution of your project, so you don't have "
"to.  For every change, you'll have a log of <emphasis>who</emphasis> made it; "
"<emphasis>why</emphasis> they made it; <emphasis>when</emphasis> they made "
"it; and <emphasis>what</emphasis> the change was."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:53
msgid ""
"When you're working with other people, revision control software makes it "
"easier for you to collaborate.  For example, when people more or less "
"simultaneously make potentially incompatible changes, the software will help "
"you to identify and resolve those conflicts."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:59
msgid ""
"It can help you to recover from mistakes.  If you make a change that later "
"turns out to be in error, you can revert to an earlier version of one or more "
"files.  In fact, a <emphasis>really</emphasis> good revision control tool "
"will even help you to efficiently figure out exactly when a problem was "
"introduced (see <xref linkend=\"sec:undo:bisect\"/> for details)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:66
msgid ""
"It will help you to work simultaneously on, and manage the drift between, "
"multiple versions of your project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:71
msgid ""
"Most of these reasons are equally valid&emdash;at least in theory&emdash;"
"whether you're working on a project by yourself, or with a hundred other "
"people."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:76
msgid ""
"A key question about the practicality of revision control at these two "
"different scales (<quote>lone hacker</quote> and <quote>huge team</quote>) is "
"how its <emphasis>benefits</emphasis> compare to its <emphasis>costs</"
"emphasis>.  A revision control tool that's difficult to understand or use is "
"going to impose a high cost."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:84
msgid ""
"A five-hundred-person project is likely to collapse under its own weight "
"almost immediately without a revision control tool and process. In this case, "
"the cost of using revision control might hardly seem worth considering, since "
"<emphasis>without</emphasis> it, failure is almost guaranteed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:91
msgid ""
"On the other hand, a one-person <quote>quick hack</quote> might seem like a "
"poor place to use a revision control tool, because surely the cost of using "
"one must be close to the overall cost of the project.  Right?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:96
msgid ""
"Mercurial uniquely supports <emphasis>both</emphasis> of these scales of "
"development.  You can learn the basics in just a few minutes, and due to its "
"low overhead, you can apply revision control to the smallest of projects with "
"ease.  Its simplicity means you won't have a lot of abstruse concepts or "
"command sequences competing for mental space with whatever you're "
"<emphasis>really</emphasis> trying to do.  At the same time, Mercurial's high "
"performance and peer-to-peer nature let you scale painlessly to handle large "
"projects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:106
msgid ""
"No revision control tool can rescue a poorly run project, but a good choice "
"of tools can make a huge difference to the fluidity with which you can work "
"on a project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:113
msgid "The many names of revision control"
msgstr "版本控制的别名"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:115
msgid ""
"Revision control is a diverse field, so much so that it is referred to by "
"many names and acronyms.  Here are a few of the more common variations you'll "
"encounter:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:119
msgid "Revision control (RCS)"
msgstr "版本控制(RCS)"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:120
msgid "Software configuration management (SCM), or configuration management"
msgstr "软件配置管理(SCM)，或配置管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:122
msgid "Source code management"
msgstr "源代码管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:123
msgid "Source code control, or source control"
msgstr "源代码控制，或源控制"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:125
msgid "Version control (VCS)"
msgstr "版本控制(VCS)"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:127
msgid ""
"Some people claim that these terms actually have different meanings, but in "
"practice they overlap so much that there's no agreed or even useful way to "
"tease them apart."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:135
msgid "This book is a work in progress"
msgstr "本书正在编写中"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:137
msgid ""
"I am releasing this book while I am still writing it, in the hope that it "
"will prove useful to others.  I am writing under an open license in the hope "
"that you, my readers, will contribute feedback and perhaps content of your "
"own."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:144
msgid "About the examples in this book"
msgstr "本书的例子"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:146
msgid ""
"This book takes an unusual approach to code samples.  Every example is "
"<quote>live</quote>&emdash;each one is actually the result of a shell script "
"that executes the Mercurial commands you see.  Every time an image of the "
"book is built from its sources, all the example scripts are automatically "
"run, and their current results compared against their expected results."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:153
msgid ""
"The advantage of this approach is that the examples are always accurate; they "
"describe <emphasis>exactly</emphasis> the behaviour of the version of "
"Mercurial that's mentioned at the front of the book.  If I update the version "
"of Mercurial that I'm documenting, and the output of some command changes, "
"the build fails."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:160
msgid ""
"There is a small disadvantage to this approach, which is that the dates and "
"times you'll see in examples tend to be <quote>squashed</quote> together in a "
"way that they wouldn't be if the same commands were being typed by a human.  "
"Where a human can issue no more than one command every few seconds, with any "
"resulting timestamps correspondingly spread out, my automated example scripts "
"run many commands in one second."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:168
msgid ""
"As an instance of this, several consecutive commits in an example can show up "
"as having occurred during the same second.  You can see this occur in the "
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">bisect</literal> example in <xref linkend=\"sec:undo:"
"bisect\"/>, for instance."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:174
msgid ""
"So when you're reading examples, don't place too much weight on the dates or "
"times you see in the output of commands.  But <emphasis>do</emphasis> be "
"confident that the behaviour you're seeing is consistent and reproducible."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:182
msgid "Trends in the field"
msgstr "版本控制的发展趋势"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:184
msgid ""
"There has been an unmistakable trend in the development and use of revision "
"control tools over the past four decades, as people have become familiar with "
"the capabilities of their tools and constrained by their limitations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:189
msgid ""
"The first generation began by managing single files on individual computers.  "
"Although these tools represented a huge advance over ad-hoc manual revision "
"control, their locking model and reliance on a single computer limited them "
"to small, tightly-knit teams."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:195
msgid ""
"The second generation loosened these constraints by moving to network-"
"centered architectures, and managing entire projects at a time.  As projects "
"grew larger, they ran into new problems.  With clients needing to talk to "
"servers very frequently, server scaling became an issue for large projects.  "
"An unreliable network connection could prevent remote users from being able "
"to talk to the server at all.  As open source projects started making read-"
"only access available anonymously to anyone, people without commit privileges "
"found that they could not use the tools to interact with a project in a "
"natural way, as they could not record their changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:207
msgid ""
"The current generation of revision control tools is peer-to-peer in nature.  "
"All of these systems have dropped the dependency on a single central server, "
"and allow people to distribute their revision control data to where it's "
"actually needed.  Collaboration over the Internet has moved from constrained "
"by technology to a matter of choice and consensus.  Modern tools can operate "
"offline indefinitely and autonomously, with a network connection only needed "
"when syncing changes with another repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:219
msgid "A few of the advantages of distributed revision control"
msgstr "分布版本控制的优点"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:222
msgid ""
"Even though distributed revision control tools have for several years been as "
"robust and usable as their previous-generation counterparts, people using "
"older tools have not yet necessarily woken up to their advantages.  There are "
"a number of ways in which distributed tools shine relative to centralised "
"ones."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:229
msgid ""
"For an individual developer, distributed tools are almost always much faster "
"than centralised tools.  This is for a simple reason: a centralised tool "
"needs to talk over the network for many common operations, because most "
"metadata is stored in a single copy on the central server.  A distributed "
"tool stores all of its metadata locally.  All else being equal, talking over "
"the network adds overhead to a centralised tool.  Don't underestimate the "
"value of a snappy, responsive tool: you're going to spend a lot of time "
"interacting with your revision control software."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:240
msgid ""
"Distributed tools are indifferent to the vagaries of your server "
"infrastructure, again because they replicate metadata to so many locations.  "
"If you use a centralised system and your server catches fire, you'd better "
"hope that your backup media are reliable, and that your last backup was "
"recent and actually worked.  With a distributed tool, you have many backups "
"available on every contributor's computer."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:248
msgid ""
"The reliability of your network will affect distributed tools far less than "
"it will centralised tools.  You can't even use a centralised tool without a "
"network connection, except for a few highly constrained commands.  With a "
"distributed tool, if your network connection goes down while you're working, "
"you may not even notice.  The only thing you won't be able to do is talk to "
"repositories on other computers, something that is relatively rare compared "
"with local operations.  If you have a far-flung team of collaborators, this "
"may be significant."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:259
msgid "Advantages for open source projects"
msgstr "开源项目的优点"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:261
msgid ""
"If you take a shine to an open source project and decide that you would like "
"to start hacking on it, and that project uses a distributed revision control "
"tool, you are at once a peer with the people who consider themselves the "
"<quote>core</quote> of that project.  If they publish their repositories, you "
"can immediately copy their project history, start making changes, and record "
"your work, using the same tools in the same ways as insiders.  By contrast, "
"with a centralised tool, you must use the software in a <quote>read only</"
"quote> mode unless someone grants you permission to commit changes to their "
"central server.  Until then, you won't be able to record changes, and your "
"local modifications will be at risk of corruption any time you try to update "
"your client's view of the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:277
msgid "The forking non-problem"
msgstr "分叉不是问题"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:279
msgid ""
"It has been suggested that distributed revision control tools pose some sort "
"of risk to open source projects because they make it easy to <quote>fork</"
"quote> the development of a project.  A fork happens when there are "
"differences in opinion or attitude between groups of developers that cause "
"them to decide that they can't work together any longer.  Each side takes a "
"more or less complete copy of the project's source code, and goes off in its "
"own direction."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:289
msgid ""
"Sometimes the camps in a fork decide to reconcile their differences. With a "
"centralised revision control system, the <emphasis>technical</emphasis> "
"process of reconciliation is painful, and has to be performed largely by "
"hand.  You have to decide whose revision history is going to <quote>win</"
"quote>, and graft the other team's changes into the tree somehow. This "
"usually loses some or all of one side's revision history."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:298
msgid ""
"What distributed tools do with respect to forking is they make forking the "
"<emphasis>only</emphasis> way to develop a project.  Every single change that "
"you make is potentially a fork point.  The great strength of this approach is "
"that a distributed revision control tool has to be really good at "
"<emphasis>merging</emphasis> forks, because forks are absolutely fundamental: "
"they happen all the time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:307
msgid ""
"If every piece of work that everybody does, all the time, is framed in terms "
"of forking and merging, then what the open source world refers to as a "
"<quote>fork</quote> becomes <emphasis>purely</emphasis> a social issue.  If "
"anything, distributed tools <emphasis>lower</emphasis> the likelihood of a "
"fork:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:314
msgid ""
"They eliminate the social distinction that centralised tools impose: that "
"between insiders (people with commit access) and outsiders (people without)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:318
msgid ""
"They make it easier to reconcile after a social fork, because all that's "
"involved from the perspective of the revision control software is just "
"another merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:323
msgid ""
"Some people resist distributed tools because they want to retain tight "
"control over their projects, and they believe that centralised tools give "
"them this control.  However, if you're of this belief, and you publish your "
"CVS or Subversion repositories publicly, there are plenty of tools available "
"that can pull out your entire project's history (albeit slowly) and recreate "
"it somewhere that you don't control.  So while your control in this case is "
"illusory, you are forgoing the ability to fluidly collaborate with whatever "
"people feel compelled to mirror and fork your history."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:338
msgid "Advantages for commercial projects"
msgstr "商业项目的优点"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:340
msgid ""
"Many commercial projects are undertaken by teams that are scattered across "
"the globe.  Contributors who are far from a central server will see slower "
"command execution and perhaps less reliability.  Commercial revision control "
"systems attempt to ameliorate these problems with remote-site replication add-"
"ons that are typically expensive to buy and cantankerous to administer.  A "
"distributed system doesn't suffer from these problems in the first place.  "
"Better yet, you can easily set up multiple authoritative servers, say one per "
"site, so that there's no redundant communication between repositories over "
"expensive long-haul network links."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:352
msgid ""
"Centralised revision control systems tend to have relatively low "
"scalability.  It's not unusual for an expensive centralised system to fall "
"over under the combined load of just a few dozen concurrent users.  Once "
"again, the typical response tends to be an expensive and clunky replication "
"facility.  Since the load on a central server&emdash;if you have one at "
"all&emdash;is many times lower with a distributed tool (because all of the "
"data is replicated everywhere), a single cheap server can handle the needs of "
"a much larger team, and replication to balance load becomes a simple matter "
"of scripting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:364
msgid ""
"If you have an employee in the field, troubleshooting a problem at a "
"customer's site, they'll benefit from distributed revision control. The tool "
"will let them generate custom builds, try different fixes in isolation from "
"each other, and search efficiently through history for the sources of bugs "
"and regressions in the customer's environment, all without needing to connect "
"to your company's network."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:375
msgid "Why choose Mercurial?"
msgstr "为什么选择 Mercurial?"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:377
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a unique set of properties that make it a particularly good "
"choice as a revision control system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:380
msgid "It is easy to learn and use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:381
msgid "It is lightweight."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:382
msgid "It scales excellently."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:383
msgid "It is easy to customise."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:386
msgid ""
"If you are at all familiar with revision control systems, you should be able "
"to get up and running with Mercurial in less than five minutes.  Even if not, "
"it will take no more than a few minutes longer.  Mercurial's command and "
"feature sets are generally uniform and consistent, so you can keep track of a "
"few general rules instead of a host of exceptions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:393
msgid ""
"On a small project, you can start working with Mercurial in moments. Creating "
"new changes and branches; transferring changes around (whether locally or "
"over a network); and history and status operations are all fast.  Mercurial "
"attempts to stay nimble and largely out of your way by combining low "
"cognitive overhead with blazingly fast operations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:400
msgid ""
"The usefulness of Mercurial is not limited to small projects: it is used by "
"projects with hundreds to thousands of contributors, each containing tens of "
"thousands of files and hundreds of megabytes of source code."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:405
msgid ""
"If the core functionality of Mercurial is not enough for you, it's easy to "
"build on.  Mercurial is well suited to scripting tasks, and its clean "
"internals and implementation in Python make it easy to add features in the "
"form of extensions.  There are a number of popular and useful extensions "
"already available, ranging from helping to identify bugs to improving "
"performance."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:415
msgid "Mercurial compared with other tools"
msgstr "Mercurial 与其它工具的比较"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:417
msgid ""
"Before you read on, please understand that this section necessarily reflects "
"my own experiences, interests, and (dare I say it) biases.  I have used every "
"one of the revision control tools listed below, in most cases for several "
"years at a time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:425 ../en/ch00-preface.xml:636
msgid "Subversion"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:427
msgid ""
"Subversion is a popular revision control tool, developed to replace CVS.  It "
"has a centralised client/server architecture."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:431
msgid ""
"Subversion and Mercurial have similarly named commands for performing the "
"same operations, so if you're familiar with one, it is easy to learn to use "
"the other.  Both tools are portable to all popular operating systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:436
msgid ""
"Prior to version 1.5, Subversion had no useful support for merges. At the "
"time of writing, its merge tracking capability is new, and known to be <ulink "
"url=\"http://svnbook.red-bean.com/nightly/en/svn.branchmerge.advanced."
"html#svn.branchmerge.advanced.finalword\">complicated and buggy</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:442
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a substantial performance advantage over Subversion on every "
"revision control operation I have benchmarked.  I have measured its advantage "
"as ranging from a factor of two to a factor of six when compared with "
"Subversion 1.4.3's <emphasis>ra_local</emphasis> file store, which is the "
"fastest access method available.  In more realistic deployments involving a "
"network-based store, Subversion will be at a substantially larger "
"disadvantage.  Because many Subversion commands must talk to the server and "
"Subversion does not have useful replication facilities, server capacity and "
"network bandwidth become bottlenecks for modestly large projects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:455
msgid ""
"Additionally, Subversion incurs substantial storage overhead to avoid network "
"transactions for a few common operations, such as finding modified files "
"(<literal>status</literal>) and displaying modifications against the current "
"revision (<literal>diff</literal>).  As a result, a Subversion working copy "
"is often the same size as, or larger than, a Mercurial repository and working "
"directory, even though the Mercurial repository contains a complete history "
"of the project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:465
msgid ""
"Subversion is widely supported by third party tools.  Mercurial currently "
"lags considerably in this area.  This gap is closing, however, and indeed "
"some of Mercurial's GUI tools now outshine their Subversion equivalents.  "
"Like Mercurial, Subversion has an excellent user manual."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:471
msgid ""
"Because Subversion doesn't store revision history on the client, it is well "
"suited to managing projects that deal with lots of large, opaque binary "
"files.  If you check in fifty revisions to an incompressible 10MB file, "
"Subversion's client-side space usage stays constant The space used by any "
"distributed SCM will grow rapidly in proportion to the number of revisions, "
"because the differences between each revision are large."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:480
msgid ""
"In addition, it's often difficult or, more usually, impossible to merge "
"different versions of a binary file.  Subversion's ability to let a user lock "
"a file, so that they temporarily have the exclusive right to commit changes "
"to it, can be a significant advantage to a project where binary files are "
"widely used."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:487
msgid ""
"Mercurial can import revision history from a Subversion repository. It can "
"also export revision history to a Subversion repository.  This makes it easy "
"to <quote>test the waters</quote> and use Mercurial and Subversion in "
"parallel before deciding to switch.  History conversion is incremental, so "
"you can perform an initial conversion, then small additional conversions "
"afterwards to bring in new changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:499 ../en/ch00-preface.xml:638
msgid "Git"
msgstr "Git"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:501
msgid ""
"Git is a distributed revision control tool that was developed for managing "
"the Linux kernel source tree.  Like Mercurial, its early design was somewhat "
"influenced by Monotone."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:506
msgid ""
"Git has a very large command set, with version 1.5.0 providing 139 individual "
"commands.  It has something of a reputation for being difficult to learn.  "
"Compared to Git, Mercurial has a strong focus on simplicity."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:511
msgid ""
"In terms of performance, Git is extremely fast.  In several cases, it is "
"faster than Mercurial, at least on Linux, while Mercurial performs better on "
"other operations.  However, on Windows, the performance and general level of "
"support that Git provides is, at the time of writing, far behind that of "
"Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:518
msgid ""
"While a Mercurial repository needs no maintenance, a Git repository requires "
"frequent manual <quote>repacks</quote> of its metadata.  Without these, "
"performance degrades, while space usage grows rapidly.  A server that "
"contains many Git repositories that are not rigorously and frequently "
"repacked will become heavily disk-bound during backups, and there have been "
"instances of daily backups taking far longer than 24 hours as a result.  A "
"freshly packed Git repository is slightly smaller than a Mercurial "
"repository, but an unpacked repository is several orders of magnitude larger."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:529
msgid ""
"The core of Git is written in C.  Many Git commands are implemented as shell "
"or Perl scripts, and the quality of these scripts varies widely. I have "
"encountered several instances where scripts charged along blindly in the "
"presence of errors that should have been fatal."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:535
msgid "Mercurial can import revision history from a Git repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:541 ../en/ch00-preface.xml:637
msgid "CVS"
msgstr "CVS"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:543
msgid ""
"CVS is probably the most widely used revision control tool in the world.  Due "
"to its age and internal untidiness, it has been only lightly maintained for "
"many years."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:547
msgid ""
"It has a centralised client/server architecture.  It does not group related "
"file changes into atomic commits, making it easy for people to <quote>break "
"the build</quote>: one person can successfully commit part of a change and "
"then be blocked by the need for a merge, causing other people to see only a "
"portion of the work they intended to do.  This also affects how you work with "
"project history.  If you want to see all of the modifications someone made as "
"part of a task, you will need to manually inspect the descriptions and "
"timestamps of the changes made to each file involved (if you even know what "
"those files were)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:559
msgid ""
"CVS has a muddled notion of tags and branches that I will not attempt to even "
"describe.  It does not support renaming of files or directories well, making "
"it easy to corrupt a repository.  It has almost no internal consistency "
"checking capabilities, so it is usually not even possible to tell whether or "
"how a repository is corrupt.  I would not recommend CVS for any project, "
"existing or new."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:567
msgid ""
"Mercurial can import CVS revision history.  However, there are a few caveats "
"that apply; these are true of every other revision control tool's CVS "
"importer, too.  Due to CVS's lack of atomic changes and unversioned "
"filesystem hierarchy, it is not possible to reconstruct CVS history "
"completely accurately; some guesswork is involved, and renames will usually "
"not show up.  Because a lot of advanced CVS administration has to be done by "
"hand and is hence error-prone, it's common for CVS importers to run into "
"multiple problems with corrupted repositories (completely bogus revision "
"timestamps and files that have remained locked for over a decade are just two "
"of the less interesting problems I can recall from personal experience)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:581
msgid "Mercurial can import revision history from a CVS repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:587
msgid "Commercial tools"
msgstr "商业工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:589
msgid ""
"Perforce has a centralised client/server architecture, with no client-side "
"caching of any data.  Unlike modern revision control tools, Perforce requires "
"that a user run a command to inform the server about every file they intend "
"to edit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:595
msgid ""
"The performance of Perforce is quite good for small teams, but it falls off "
"rapidly as the number of users grows beyond a few dozen. Modestly large "
"Perforce installations require the deployment of proxies to cope with the "
"load their users generate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:604
msgid "Choosing a revision control tool"
msgstr "选择版本控制工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:606
msgid ""
"With the exception of CVS, all of the tools listed above have unique "
"strengths that suit them to particular styles of work.  There is no single "
"revision control tool that is best in all situations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:611
msgid ""
"As an example, Subversion is a good choice for working with frequently edited "
"binary files, due to its centralised nature and support for file locking."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:615
msgid ""
"I personally find Mercurial's properties of simplicity, performance, and good "
"merge support to be a compelling combination that has served me well for "
"several years."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:623
msgid "Switching from another tool to Mercurial"
msgstr "从其它工具切换到 Mercurial"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:625
msgid ""
"Mercurial is bundled with an extension named <literal role=\"hg-ext"
"\">convert</literal>, which can incrementally import revision history from "
"several other revision control tools.  By <quote>incremental</quote>, I mean "
"that you can convert all of a project's history to date in one go, then rerun "
"the conversion later to obtain new changes that happened after the initial "
"conversion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:633
msgid ""
"The revision control tools supported by <literal role=\"hg-ext\">convert</"
"literal> are as follows:"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">convert</literal> 支持的版本控制工具有:"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:639
msgid "Darcs"
msgstr "Darcs"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:641
msgid ""
"In addition, <literal role=\"hg-ext\">convert</literal> can export changes "
"from Mercurial to Subversion.  This makes it possible to try Subversion and "
"Mercurial in parallel before committing to a switchover, without risking the "
"loss of any work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:647
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-convert\">convert</command> command is easy to "
"use.  Simply point it at the path or URL of the source repository, optionally "
"give it the name of the destination repository, and it will start working.  "
"After the initial conversion, just run the same command again to import new "
"changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:656
msgid "A short history of revision control"
msgstr "版本控制简史"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:658
msgid ""
"The best known of the old-time revision control tools is SCCS (Source Code "
"Control System), which Marc Rochkind wrote at Bell Labs, in the early 1970s.  "
"SCCS operated on individual files, and required every person working on a "
"project to have access to a shared workspace on a single system.  Only one "
"person could modify a file at any time; arbitration for access to files was "
"via locks.  It was common for people to lock files, and later forget to "
"unlock them, preventing anyone else from modifying those files without the "
"help of an administrator."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:669
msgid ""
"Walter Tichy developed a free alternative to SCCS in the early 1980s; he "
"called his program RCS (Revision Control System).  Like SCCS, RCS required "
"developers to work in a single shared workspace, and to lock files to prevent "
"multiple people from modifying them simultaneously."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:675
msgid ""
"Later in the 1980s, Dick Grune used RCS as a building block for a set of "
"shell scripts he initially called cmt, but then renamed to CVS (Concurrent "
"Versions System).  The big innovation of CVS was that it let developers work "
"simultaneously and somewhat independently in their own personal workspaces.  "
"The personal workspaces prevented developers from stepping on each other's "
"toes all the time, as was common with SCCS and RCS. Each developer had a copy "
"of every project file, and could modify their copies independently.  They had "
"to merge their edits prior to committing changes to the central repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:686
msgid ""
"Brian Berliner took Grune's original scripts and rewrote them in C, releasing "
"in 1989 the code that has since developed into the modern version of CVS.  "
"CVS subsequently acquired the ability to operate over a network connection, "
"giving it a client/server architecture.  CVS's architecture is centralised; "
"only the server has a copy of the history of the project. Client workspaces "
"just contain copies of recent versions of the project's files, and a little "
"metadata to tell them where the server is.  CVS has been enormously "
"successful; it is probably the world's most widely used revision control "
"system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:697
msgid ""
"In the early 1990s, Sun Microsystems developed an early distributed revision "
"control system, called TeamWare.  A TeamWare workspace contains a complete "
"copy of the project's history.  TeamWare has no notion of a central "
"repository.  (CVS relied upon RCS for its history storage; TeamWare used "
"SCCS.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:704
msgid ""
"As the 1990s progressed, awareness grew of a number of problems with CVS.  It "
"records simultaneous changes to multiple files individually, instead of "
"grouping them together as a single logically atomic operation.  It does not "
"manage its file hierarchy well; it is easy to make a mess of a repository by "
"renaming files and directories.  Worse, its source code is difficult to read "
"and maintain, which made the <quote>pain level</quote> of fixing these "
"architectural problems prohibitive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:714
msgid ""
"In 2001, Jim Blandy and Karl Fogel, two developers who had worked on CVS, "
"started a project to replace it with a tool that would have a better "
"architecture and cleaner code.  The result, Subversion, does not stray from "
"CVS's centralised client/server model, but it adds multi-file atomic commits, "
"better namespace management, and a number of other features that make it a "
"generally better tool than CVS. Since its initial release, it has rapidly "
"grown in popularity."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:723
msgid ""
"More or less simultaneously, Graydon Hoare began working on an ambitious "
"distributed revision control system that he named Monotone. While Monotone "
"addresses many of CVS's design flaws and has a peer-to-peer architecture, it "
"goes beyond earlier (and subsequent) revision control tools in a number of "
"innovative ways.  It uses cryptographic hashes as identifiers, and has an "
"integral notion of <quote>trust</quote> for code from different sources."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:732
msgid ""
"Mercurial began life in 2005.  While a few aspects of its design are "
"influenced by Monotone, Mercurial focuses on ease of use, high performance, "
"and scalability to very large projects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:740
msgid "Colophon&emdash;this book is Free"
msgstr "后记—本书是自由的!"

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:742
msgid ""
"This book is licensed under the Open Publication License, and is produced "
"entirely using Free Software tools.  It is typeset with DocBook XML.  "
"Illustrations are drawn and rendered with <ulink url=\"http://www.inkscape."
"org/\">Inkscape</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><preface><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch00-preface.xml:747
msgid ""
"The complete source code for this book is published as a Mercurial "
"repository, at <ulink url=\"http://hg.serpentine.com/mercurial/book\">http://"
"hg.serpentine.com/mercurial/book</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:5
msgid "A tour of Mercurial: the basics"
msgstr "Mercurial 教程: 基础知识"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:8
msgid "Installing Mercurial on your system"
msgstr "安装 Mercurial"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:10
msgid ""
"Prebuilt binary packages of Mercurial are available for every popular "
"operating system.  These make it easy to start using Mercurial on your "
"computer immediately."
msgstr ""
"对于每种流行的操作系统，都有已经构建的二进制软件包。这让在你的计算机上开始使"
"用 Mercurial 变得很容易。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:15
msgid "Windows"
msgstr "Windows"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:17
msgid ""
"The best version of Mercurial for Windows is TortoiseHg, which can be found "
"at <ulink url=\"http://bitbucket.org/tortoisehg/stable/wiki/Home\">http://"
"bitbucket.org/tortoisehg/stable/wiki/Home</ulink>.  This package has no "
"external dependencies; it <quote>just works</quote>.  It provides both "
"command line and graphical user interfaces."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:27
msgid "Mac OS X"
msgstr "Mac OS X"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:29
msgid ""
"Lee Cantey publishes an installer of Mercurial for Mac OS X at <ulink url="
"\"http://mercurial.berkwood.com\">http://mercurial.berkwood.com</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:35
msgid "Linux"
msgstr "Linux"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:37
msgid ""
"Because each Linux distribution has its own packaging tools, policies, and "
"rate of development, it's difficult to give a comprehensive set of "
"instructions on how to install Mercurial binaries.  The version of Mercurial "
"that you will end up with can vary depending on how active the person is who "
"maintains the package for your distribution."
msgstr ""
"由于每种 Linux 发行版都有自己的包管理工具，开发策略和进度，从而很难给出安装 "
"Mercurial 二进制包的全面说明。你安装的 Mercurial 版本，在很大程度上依赖于你所"
"使用的发行版的 Mercurial 维护者的活跃程度。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:44
msgid ""
"To keep things simple, I will focus on installing Mercurial from the command "
"line under the most popular Linux distributions.  Most of these distributions "
"provide graphical package managers that will let you install Mercurial with a "
"single click; the package name to look for is <literal>mercurial</literal>."
msgstr ""
"为了让事情简单，我会致力于说明在最流行的 Linux 发行版中，从命令行安装 "
"Mercurial 的方法。这些发行版都提供了图形界面的包管理器，让你通过点击鼠标安装 "
"Mercurial；寻找的包名称是 <literal>mercurial</literal>。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:52
msgid "Ubuntu and Debian:"
msgstr "Ubuntu 与 Debian:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:54
msgid "Fedora and OpenSUSE:"
msgstr "Fedora and OpenSUSE:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:56
msgid "Gentoo:"
msgstr "Gentoo:"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:62
msgid "Solaris"
msgstr "Solaris"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:64
msgid ""
"SunFreeWare, at <ulink url=\"http://www.sunfreeware.com\">http://www."
"sunfreeware.com</ulink>, provides prebuilt packages of Mercurial."
msgstr ""
"位于 <ulink url=\"http://www.sunfreeware.com\">http://www.sunfreeware.com</"
"ulink> 的 SunFreeWare 提供了 Mercurial 的二进制安装包。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:73
msgid "Getting started"
msgstr "开始"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:75
msgid ""
"To begin, we'll use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg version</command> command "
"to find out whether Mercurial is actually installed properly.  The actual "
"version information that it prints isn't so important; it's whether it prints "
"anything at all that we care about."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:84
msgid "Built-in help"
msgstr "内置帮助"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:86
msgid ""
"Mercurial provides a built-in help system.  This is invaluable for those "
"times when you find yourself stuck trying to remember how to run a command.  "
"If you are completely stuck, simply run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg help</"
"command>; it will print a brief list of commands, along with a description of "
"what each does.  If you ask for help on a specific command (as below), it "
"prints more detailed information."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:97
msgid ""
"For a more impressive level of detail (which you won't usually need) run "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg help <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option></"
"command>.  The <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> option is short for "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--verbose</option>, and tells Mercurial to "
"print more information than it usually would."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:108
msgid "Working with a repository"
msgstr "使用版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:110
msgid ""
"In Mercurial, everything happens inside a <emphasis>repository</emphasis>.  "
"The repository for a project contains all of the files that <quote>belong to</"
"quote> that project, along with a historical record of the project's files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:116
msgid ""
"There's nothing particularly magical about a repository; it is simply a "
"directory tree in your filesystem that Mercurial treats as special. You can "
"rename or delete a repository any time you like, using either the command "
"line or your file browser."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:123
msgid "Making a local copy of a repository"
msgstr "创建版本库的工作副本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:125
msgid ""
"<emphasis>Copying</emphasis> a repository is just a little bit special.  "
"While you could use a normal file copying command to make a copy of a "
"repository, it's best to use a built-in command that Mercurial provides.  "
"This command is called <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command>, because "
"it makes an identical copy of an existing repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:134
msgid ""
"One advantage of using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> is that, "
"as we can see above, it lets us clone repositories over the network.  Another "
"is that it remembers where we cloned from, which we'll find useful soon when "
"we want to fetch new changes from another repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:140
msgid ""
"If our clone succeeded, we should now have a local directory called <filename "
"class=\"directory\">hello</filename>.  This directory will contain some files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:146
msgid ""
"These files have the same contents and history in our repository as they do "
"in the repository we cloned."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:149
msgid ""
"Every Mercurial repository is complete, self-contained, and independent.  It "
"contains its own private copy of a project's files and history.  As we just "
"mentioned, a cloned repository remembers the location of the repository it "
"was cloned from, but Mercurial will not communicate with that repository, or "
"any other, unless you tell it to."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:156
msgid ""
"What this means for now is that we're free to experiment with our repository, "
"safe in the knowledge that it's a private <quote>sandbox</quote> that won't "
"affect anyone else."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:162
msgid "What's in a repository?"
msgstr "什么是版本库?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:164
msgid ""
"When we take a more detailed look inside a repository, we can see that it "
"contains a directory named <filename class=\"directory\">.hg</filename>.  "
"This is where Mercurial keeps all of its metadata for the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:171
msgid ""
"The contents of the <filename class=\"directory\">.hg</filename> directory "
"and its subdirectories are private to Mercurial.  Every other file and "
"directory in the repository is yours to do with as you please."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:177
msgid ""
"To introduce a little terminology, the <filename class=\"directory\">.hg</"
"filename> directory is the <quote>real</quote> repository, and all of the "
"files and directories that coexist with it are said to live in the "
"<emphasis>working directory</emphasis>.  An easy way to remember the "
"distinction is that the <emphasis>repository</emphasis> contains the "
"<emphasis>history</emphasis> of your project, while the <emphasis>working "
"directory</emphasis> contains a <emphasis>snapshot</emphasis> of your project "
"at a particular point in history."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:192
msgid "A tour through history"
msgstr "回溯历史"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:194
msgid ""
"One of the first things we might want to do with a new, unfamiliar repository "
"is understand its history.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> "
"command gives us a view of the history of changes in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:201
msgid ""
"By default, this command prints a brief paragraph of output for each change "
"to the project that was recorded.  In Mercurial terminology, we call each of "
"these recorded events a <emphasis>changeset</emphasis>, because it can "
"contain a record of changes to several files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:207
msgid ""
"The fields in a record of output from <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command> are as follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:211
msgid ""
"<literal>changeset</literal>: This field has the format of a number, followed "
"by a colon, followed by a hexadecimal (or <emphasis>hex</emphasis>)  string.  "
"These are <emphasis>identifiers</emphasis> for the changeset.  The hex string "
"is a unique identifier: the same hex string will always refer to the same "
"changeset. The number is shorter and easier to type than the hex string, but "
"it isn't unique: the same number in two different clones of a repository may "
"identify different changesets.  Why provide the number at all, then? For "
"local convenience."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:223
msgid ""
"<literal>user</literal>: The identity of the person who created the "
"changeset.  This is a free-form field, but it most often contains a person's "
"name and email address."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:227
msgid ""
"<literal>date</literal>: The date and time on which the changeset was "
"created, and the timezone in which it was created.  (The date and time are "
"local to that timezone; they display what time and date it was for the person "
"who created the changeset.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:232
msgid ""
"<literal>summary</literal>: The first line of the text message that the "
"creator of the changeset entered to describe the changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:236
msgid ""
"Some changesets, such as the first in the list above, have a <literal>tag</"
"literal> field.  A tag is another way to identify a changeset, by giving it "
"an easy-to-remember name. (The tag named <literal>tip</literal> is special: "
"it always refers to the newest change in a repository.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:244
msgid ""
"The default output printed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> is "
"purely a summary; it is missing a lot of detail."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:248
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"fig:tour-basic:history\"/> provides a graphical "
"representation of the history of the <filename class=\"directory\">hello</"
"filename> repository, to make it a little easier to see which direction "
"history is <quote>flowing</quote> in.  We'll be returning to this figure "
"several times in this chapter and the chapter that follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:257
msgid ""
"Graphical history of the <filename class=\"directory\">hello</filename> "
"repository"
msgstr "版本库 <filename class=\"directory\">hello</filename> 的历史图"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:259 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:50
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:181 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:293
msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:260
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/tour-history.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:261 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:52
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:82 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:129
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:183 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:254
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:57 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:106
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:191 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:295
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:346 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:361
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:402 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:422
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:465 ../en/ch05-collab.xml:276
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:365 ../en/ch08-undo.xml:412 ../en/ch08-undo.xml:477
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:515 ../en/ch11-mq.xml:412
msgid "XXX add text"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:266
msgid "Changesets, revisions, and talking to other people"
msgstr "修改集，版本，与其它用户交互"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:269
msgid ""
"As English is a notoriously sloppy language, and computer science has a "
"hallowed history of terminological confusion (why use one term when four will "
"do?), revision control has a variety of words and phrases that mean the same "
"thing.  If you are talking about Mercurial history with other people, you "
"will find that the word <quote>changeset</quote> is often compressed to "
"<quote>change</quote> or (when written)  <quote>cset</quote>, and sometimes a "
"changeset is referred to as a <quote>revision</quote> or a <quote>rev</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:279
msgid ""
"While it doesn't matter what <emphasis>word</emphasis> you use to refer to "
"the concept of <quote>a changeset</quote>, the <emphasis>identifier</"
"emphasis> that you use to refer to <quote>a <emphasis>specific</emphasis> "
"changeset</quote> is of great importance. Recall that the <literal>changeset</"
"literal> field in the output from <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> "
"identifies a changeset using both a number and a hexadecimal string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:288
msgid ""
"The revision number is a handy notation that is <emphasis>only valid in that "
"repository</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:291
msgid ""
"The hexadecimal string is the <emphasis>permanent, unchanging identifier</"
"emphasis> that will always identify that exact changeset in <emphasis>every</"
"emphasis> copy of the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:297
msgid ""
"This distinction is important.  If you send someone an email talking about "
"<quote>revision 33</quote>, there's a high likelihood that their revision 33 "
"will <emphasis>not be the same</emphasis> as yours.  The reason for this is "
"that a revision number depends on the order in which changes arrived in a "
"repository, and there is no guarantee that the same changes will happen in "
"the same order in different repositories. Three changes <literal>a,b,c</"
"literal> can easily appear in one repository as <literal>0,1,2</literal>, "
"while in another as <literal>0,2,1</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:309
msgid ""
"Mercurial uses revision numbers purely as a convenient shorthand.  If you "
"need to discuss a changeset with someone, or make a record of a changeset for "
"some other reason (for example, in a bug report), use the hexadecimal "
"identifier."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:317
msgid "Viewing specific revisions"
msgstr "察看指定版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:319
msgid ""
"To narrow the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> down to a "
"single revision, use the <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option> (or <option "
"role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</option>) option.  You can use either a revision "
"number or a hexadecimal identifier, and you can provide as many revisions as "
"you want."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:328
msgid ""
"If you want to see the history of several revisions without having to list "
"each one, you can use <emphasis>range notation</emphasis>; this lets you "
"express the idea <quote>I want all revisions between <literal>abc</literal> "
"and <literal>def</literal>, inclusive</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:336
msgid ""
"Mercurial also honours the order in which you specify revisions, so <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -r 2:4</command> prints 2, 3, and 4. while <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -r 4:2</command> prints 4, 3, and 2."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:343
msgid "More detailed information"
msgstr "更详细的信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:345
msgid ""
"While the summary information printed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command> is useful if you already know what you're looking for, you may need "
"to see a complete description of the change, or a list of the files changed, "
"if you're trying to decide whether a changeset is the one you're looking for. "
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> command's <option role=\"hg-opt-"
"global\">-v</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--verbose</option>) "
"option gives you this extra detail."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:357
msgid ""
"If you want to see both the description and content of a change, add the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-p</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"patch</option>) option.  This displays the content of a change as a "
"<emphasis>unified diff</emphasis> (if you've never seen a unified diff "
"before, see <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:patch\"/> for an overview)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:367
msgid ""
"The <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-p</option> option is tremendously useful, so "
"it's well worth remembering."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:374
msgid "All about command options"
msgstr "命令选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:376
msgid ""
"Let's take a brief break from exploring Mercurial commands to discuss a "
"pattern in the way that they work; you may find this useful to keep in mind "
"as we continue our tour."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:380
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a consistent and straightforward approach to dealing with the "
"options that you can pass to commands.  It follows the conventions for "
"options that are common to modern Linux and Unix systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:387
msgid ""
"Every option has a long name.  For example, as we've already seen, the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> command accepts a <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-log\">--rev</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:393
msgid ""
"Most options have short names, too.  Instead of <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"rev</option>, we can use <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option>.  (The "
"reason that some options don't have short names is that the options in "
"question are rarely used.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:400
msgid ""
"Long options start with two dashes (e.g.  <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</"
"option>), while short options start with one (e.g. <option role=\"hg-opt-log"
"\">-r</option>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:406
msgid ""
"Option naming and usage is consistent across commands.  For example, every "
"command that lets you specify a changeset ID or revision number accepts both "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option> and <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--"
"rev</option> arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:413
msgid ""
"If you are using short options, you can save typing by running them together. "
"For example, the command <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -v -p -r 2</command> "
"can be written as <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log -vpr2</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:420
msgid ""
"In the examples throughout this book, I use short options instead of long.  "
"This just reflects my own preference, so don't read anything significant into "
"it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:424
msgid ""
"Most commands that print output of some kind will print more output when "
"passed a <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-"
"global\">--verbose</option>) option, and less when passed <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-global\">-q</option> (or <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--quiet</option>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:431
msgid "Option naming consistency"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:433
msgid ""
"Almost always, Mercurial commands use consistent option names to refer to the "
"same concepts.  For instance, if a command deals with changesets, you'll "
"always identify them with <option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--rev</option> or "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">-r</option>.  This consistent use of option names "
"makes it easier to remember what options a particular command takes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:444
msgid "Making and reviewing changes"
msgstr "创建和复审修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:446
msgid ""
"Now that we have a grasp of viewing history in Mercurial, let's take a look "
"at making some changes and examining them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:450
msgid ""
"The first thing we'll do is isolate our experiment in a repository of its "
"own.  We use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> command, but we "
"don't need to clone a copy of the remote repository.  Since we already have a "
"copy of it locally, we can just clone that instead.  This is much faster than "
"cloning over the network, and cloning a local repository uses less disk space "
"in most cases, too<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:457
msgid ""
"The saving of space arises when source and destination repositories are on "
"the same filesystem, in which case Mercurial will use hardlinks to do copy-on-"
"write sharing of its internal metadata.  If that explanation meant nothing to "
"you, don't worry: everything happens transparently and automatically, and you "
"don't need to understand it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:467
msgid ""
"As an aside, it's often good practice to keep a <quote>pristine</quote> copy "
"of a remote repository around, which you can then make temporary clones of to "
"create sandboxes for each task you want to work on.  This lets you work on "
"multiple tasks in parallel, each isolated from the others until it's complete "
"and you're ready to integrate it back.  Because local clones are so cheap, "
"there's almost no overhead to cloning and destroying repositories whenever "
"you want."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:476
msgid ""
"In our <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> repository, we have "
"a file <filename>hello.c</filename> that contains the classic <quote>hello, "
"world</quote> program."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:482
msgid "Let's edit this file so that it prints a second line of output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:487
msgid ""
"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command will tell us "
"what Mercurial knows about the files in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:493
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command prints no output for "
"some files, but a line starting with <quote><literal>M</literal></quote> for "
"<filename>hello.c</filename>.  Unless you tell it to, <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg status</command> will not print any output for files that have not been "
"modified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:500
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>M</literal></quote> indicates that Mercurial has noticed "
"that we modified <filename>hello.c</filename>.  We didn't need to "
"<emphasis>inform</emphasis> Mercurial that we were going to modify the file "
"before we started, or that we had modified the file after we were done; it "
"was able to figure this out itself."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:508
msgid ""
"It's somewhat helpful to know that we've modified <filename>hello.c</"
"filename>, but we might prefer to know exactly <emphasis>what</emphasis> "
"changes we've made to it.  To do this, we use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"diff</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:517 ../en/ch11-mq.xml:187
msgid "Understanding patches"
msgstr "理解补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><tip><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:519
msgid ""
"Remember to take a look at <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:patch\"/> if you don't know "
"how to read output above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:525
msgid "Recording changes in a new changeset"
msgstr "在新修改集中记录修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:527
msgid ""
"We can modify files, build and test our changes, and use <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> to "
"review our changes, until we're satisfied with what we've done and arrive at "
"a natural stopping point where we want to record our work in a new changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:534
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command lets us create a new "
"changeset; we'll usually refer to this as <quote>making a commit</quote> or "
"<quote>committing</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:540
msgid "Setting up a username"
msgstr "配置用户名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:542
msgid ""
"When you try to run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> for the "
"first time, it is not guaranteed to succeed.  Mercurial records your name and "
"address with each change that you commit, so that you and others will later "
"be able to tell who made each change.  Mercurial tries to automatically "
"figure out a sensible username to commit the change with.  It will attempt "
"each of the following methods, in order:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:551
msgid ""
"If you specify a <option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-u</option> option to the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command on the command line, "
"followed by a username, this is always given the highest precedence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:556
msgid ""
"If you have set the <envar>HGUSER</envar> environment variable, this is "
"checked next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:559
msgid ""
"If you create a file in your home directory called <filename role=\"special"
"\">.hgrc</filename>, with a <envar role=\"rc-item-ui\">username</envar> "
"entry, that will be used next.  To see what the contents of this file should "
"look like, refer to <xref linkend=\"sec:tour-basic:username\"/> below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:567
msgid ""
"If you have set the <envar>EMAIL</envar> environment variable, this will be "
"used next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:570
msgid ""
"Mercurial will query your system to find out your local user name and host "
"name, and construct a username from these components. Since this often "
"results in a username that is not very useful, it will print a warning if it "
"has to do this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:577
msgid ""
"If all of these mechanisms fail, Mercurial will fail, printing an error "
"message.  In this case, it will not let you commit until you set up a "
"username."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:581
msgid ""
"You should think of the <envar>HGUSER</envar> environment variable and the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-u</option> option to the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg commit</command> command as ways to <emphasis>override</emphasis> "
"Mercurial's default selection of username.  For normal use, the simplest and "
"most robust way to set a username for yourself is by creating a <filename "
"role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename> file; see below for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:590
msgid "Creating a Mercurial configuration file"
msgstr "创建 Mercurial 的配置文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:592
msgid ""
"To set a user name, use your favourite editor to create a file called "
"<filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename> in your home directory.  "
"Mercurial will use this file to look up your personalised configuration "
"settings.  The initial contents of your <filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</"
"filename> should look like this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><remark>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:600
msgid "Figure out what the appropriate directory is on Windows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:607
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>[ui]</literal></quote> line begins a <emphasis>section</"
"emphasis> of the config file, so you can read the <quote><literal>username "
"= ...</literal></quote> line as meaning <quote>set the value of the "
"<literal>username</literal> item in the <literal>ui</literal> section</"
"quote>. A section continues until a new section begins, or the end of the "
"file.  Mercurial ignores empty lines and treats any text from "
"<quote><literal>#</literal></quote> to the end of a line as a comment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:620
msgid "Choosing a user name"
msgstr "选择用户名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:622
msgid ""
"You can use any text you like as the value of the <literal>username</literal> "
"config item, since this information is for reading by other people, but will "
"not be interpreted by Mercurial.  The convention that most people follow is "
"to use their name and email address, as in the example above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:629
msgid ""
"Mercurial's built-in web server obfuscates email addresses, to make it more "
"difficult for the email harvesting tools that spammers use. This reduces the "
"likelihood that you'll start receiving more junk email if you publish a "
"Mercurial repository on the web."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:639
msgid "Writing a commit message"
msgstr "写提交日志"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:641
msgid ""
"When we commit a change, Mercurial drops us into a text editor, to enter a "
"message that will describe the modifications we've made in this changeset.  "
"This is called the <emphasis>commit message</emphasis>.  It will be a record "
"for readers of what we did and why, and it will be printed by <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> after we've finished committing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:651
msgid ""
"The editor that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command "
"drops us into will contain an empty line or two, followed by a number of "
"lines starting with <quote><literal>HG:</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:665
msgid ""
"Mercurial ignores the lines that start with <quote><literal>HG:</literal></"
"quote>; it uses them only to tell us which files it's recording changes to.  "
"Modifying or deleting these lines has no effect."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:671
msgid "Writing a good commit message"
msgstr "写好提交日志"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:673
msgid ""
"Since <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> only prints the first line of "
"a commit message by default, it's best to write a commit message whose first "
"line stands alone.  Here's a real example of a commit message that "
"<emphasis>doesn't</emphasis> follow this guideline, and hence has a summary "
"that is not readable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:687
msgid ""
"As far as the remainder of the contents of the commit message are concerned, "
"there are no hard-and-fast rules.  Mercurial itself doesn't interpret or care "
"about the contents of the commit message, though your project may have "
"policies that dictate a certain kind of formatting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:693
msgid ""
"My personal preference is for short, but informative, commit messages that "
"tell me something that I can't figure out with a quick glance at the output "
"of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log --patch</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:700
msgid "Aborting a commit"
msgstr "终止提交"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:702
msgid ""
"If you decide that you don't want to commit while in the middle of editing a "
"commit message, simply exit from your editor without saving the file that "
"it's editing.  This will cause nothing to happen to either the repository or "
"the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:707
msgid ""
"If we run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command without "
"any arguments, it records all of the changes we've made, as reported by "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"diff</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:714
msgid "Admiring our new handiwork"
msgstr "欣赏我们的成果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:716
msgid ""
"Once we've finished the commit, we can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"tip</command> command to display the changeset we just created.  This command "
"produces output that is identical to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command>, but it only displays the newest revision in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:725
msgid ""
"We refer to the newest revision in the repository as the <emphasis>tip "
"revision</emphasis>, or simply the <emphasis>tip</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:729
msgid ""
"By the way, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tip</command> command accepts "
"many of the same options as <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command>, so "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> above indicates <quote>be verbose</"
"quote>, <option role=\"hg-opt-tip\">-p</option> specifies <quote>print a "
"patch</quote>.  The use of <option role=\"hg-opt-tip\">-p</option> to print "
"patches is another example of the consistent naming we mentioned earlier."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:741
msgid "Sharing changes"
msgstr "共享修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:743
msgid ""
"We mentioned earlier that repositories in Mercurial are self-contained.  This "
"means that the changeset we just created exists only in our <filename class="
"\"directory\">my-hello</filename> repository.  Let's look at a few ways that "
"we can propagate this change into other repositories."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:751
msgid "Pulling changes from another repository"
msgstr "从其它版本库取得修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:752
msgid ""
"To get started, let's clone our original <filename class=\"directory\">hello</"
"filename> repository, which does not contain the change we just committed.  "
"We'll call our temporary repository <filename class=\"directory\">hello-pull</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:760
msgid ""
"We'll use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command to bring "
"changes from <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> into <filename "
"class=\"directory\">hello-pull</filename>.  However, blindly pulling unknown "
"changes into a repository is a somewhat scary prospect.  Mercurial provides "
"the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command> command to tell us what "
"changes the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command "
"<emphasis>would</emphasis> pull into the repository, without actually pulling "
"the changes in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:773
msgid ""
"Suppose you're pulling changes from a repository on the network somewhere. "
"While you are looking at the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command> "
"output, and before you pull those changes, someone might have committed "
"something in the remote repository. This means that it's possible to pull "
"more changes than you saw when using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</"
"command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:781
msgid ""
"Bringing changes into a repository is a simple matter of running the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command, and telling it which repository to "
"pull from."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:788
msgid ""
"As you can see from the before-and-after output of <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg tip</command>, we have successfully pulled changes into our "
"repository.  There remains one step before we can see these changes in the "
"working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:796
msgid "Updating the working directory"
msgstr "更新工作目录"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:798
msgid ""
"We have so far glossed over the relationship between a repository and its "
"working directory.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command "
"that we ran in <xref linkend=\"sec:tour:pull\"/> brought changes into the "
"repository, but if we check, there's no sign of those changes in the working "
"directory.  This is because <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> does "
"not (by default) touch the working directory.  Instead, we use the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> command to do this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:810
msgid ""
"It might seem a bit strange that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"doesn't update the working directory automatically.  There's actually a good "
"reason for this: you can use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> to "
"update the working directory to the state it was in at <emphasis>any "
"revision</emphasis> in the history of the repository.  If you had the working "
"directory updated to an old revision&emdash;to hunt down the origin of a bug, "
"say&emdash;and ran a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> which "
"automatically updated the working directory to a new revision, you might not "
"be terribly happy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:821
msgid ""
"However, since pull-then-update is such a common thing to do, Mercurial lets "
"you combine the two by passing the <option role=\"hg-opt-pull\">-u</option> "
"option to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:826
msgid ""
"If you look back at the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"in <xref linkend=\"sec:tour:pull\"/> when we ran it without <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-pull\">-u</option>, you can see that it printed a helpful reminder that "
"we'd have to take an explicit step to update the working directory:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:835
msgid ""
"To find out what revision the working directory is at, use the <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:841
msgid ""
"If you look back at <xref linkend=\"fig:tour-basic:history\"/>, you'll see "
"arrows connecting each changeset.  The node that the arrow leads "
"<emphasis>from</emphasis> in each case is a parent, and the node that the "
"arrow leads <emphasis>to</emphasis> is its child.  The working directory has "
"a parent in just the same way; this is the changeset that the working "
"directory currently contains."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:850
msgid ""
"To update the working directory to a particular revision, give a revision "
"number or changeset ID to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:857
msgid ""
"If you omit an explicit revision, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</"
"command> will update to the tip revision, as shown by the second call to "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> in the example above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:865
msgid "Pushing changes to another repository"
msgstr "发布修改到其它版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:867
msgid ""
"Mercurial lets us push changes to another repository, from the repository "
"we're currently visiting.  As with the example of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"pull</command> above, we'll create a temporary repository to push our changes "
"into."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:875
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg outgoing</command> command tells us what "
"changes would be pushed into another repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:881
msgid ""
"And the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> command does the actual "
"push."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:887
msgid ""
"As with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>, the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg push</command> command does not update the working directory in the "
"repository that it's pushing changes into. Unlike <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"pull</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> does not provide a "
"<literal>-u</literal> option that updates the other repository's working "
"directory.  This asymmetry is deliberate: the repository we're pushing to "
"might be on a remote server and shared between several people.  If we were to "
"update its working directory while someone was working in it, their work "
"would be disrupted."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:899
msgid ""
"What happens if we try to pull or push changes and the receiving repository "
"already has those changes? Nothing too exciting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:906
msgid "Sharing changes over a network"
msgstr "通过网络共享修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:908
msgid ""
"The commands we have covered in the previous few sections are not limited to "
"working with local repositories.  Each works in exactly the same fashion over "
"a network connection; simply pass in a URL instead of a local path."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch01-tour-basic.xml:916
msgid ""
"In this example, we can see what changes we could push to the remote "
"repository, but the repository is understandably not set up to let anonymous "
"users push to it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:5
msgid "A tour of Mercurial: merging work"
msgstr "Mercurial 教程: 合并工作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:7
msgid ""
"We've now covered cloning a repository, making changes in a repository, and "
"pulling or pushing changes from one repository into another.  Our next step "
"is <emphasis>merging</emphasis> changes from separate repositories."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:13
msgid "Merging streams of work"
msgstr "合并的流程"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:15
msgid ""
"Merging is a fundamental part of working with a distributed revision control "
"tool."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:18
msgid ""
"Alice and Bob each have a personal copy of a repository for a project they're "
"collaborating on.  Alice fixes a bug in her repository; Bob adds a new "
"feature in his.  They want the shared repository to contain both the bug fix "
"and the new feature."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:24
msgid ""
"I frequently work on several different tasks for a single project at once, "
"each safely isolated in its own repository. Working this way means that I "
"often need to merge one piece of my own work with another."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:30
msgid ""
"Because merging is such a common thing to need to do, Mercurial makes it "
"easy.  Let's walk through the process.  We'll begin by cloning yet another "
"repository (see how often they spring up?) and making a change in it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:37
msgid ""
"We should now have two copies of <filename>hello.c</filename> with different "
"contents.  The histories of the two repositories have also diverged, as "
"illustrated in <xref linkend=\"fig:tour-merge:sep-repos\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:46
msgid ""
"Divergent recent histories of the <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</"
"filename> and <filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename> "
"repositories"
msgstr ""
"<filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> 与 <filename class="
"\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename> 最新的历史分叉"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:51
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/tour-merge-sep-repos.png\"/></"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:56
msgid ""
"We already know that pulling changes from our <filename class=\"directory"
"\">my-hello</filename> repository will have no effect on the working "
"directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:62
msgid ""
"However, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> command says "
"something about <quote>heads</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:66
msgid "Head changesets"
msgstr "顶点修改集"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:68
msgid ""
"A head is a change that has no descendants, or children, as they're also "
"known.  The tip revision is thus a head, because the newest revision in a "
"repository doesn't have any children, but a repository can contain more than "
"one head."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:75
msgid ""
"Repository contents after pulling from <filename class=\"directory\">my-"
"hello</filename> into <filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename>"
msgstr ""
"从 <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> 拉到 <filename class="
"\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename> 之后版本库的内容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:78 ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:125
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:250 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:55
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:104 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:189
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:344 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:359
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:400 ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:420
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:461 ../en/ch05-collab.xml:274
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:363 ../en/ch08-undo.xml:410 ../en/ch08-undo.xml:475
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:513 ../en/ch11-mq.xml:410
msgid "  <placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:79
msgid ""
"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"figs/tour-merge-pull.png\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:86
msgid ""
"In <xref linkend=\"fig:tour-merge:pull\"/>, you can see the effect of the "
"pull from <filename class=\"directory\">my-hello</filename> into <filename "
"class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename>.  The history that was already "
"present in <filename class=\"directory\">my-new-hello</filename> is "
"untouched, but a new revision has been added.  By referring to <xref linkend="
"\"fig:tour-merge:sep-repos\"/>, we can see that the <emphasis>changeset ID</"
"emphasis> remains the same in the new repository, but the <emphasis>revision "
"number</emphasis> has changed.  (This, incidentally, is a fine example of why "
"it's not safe to use revision numbers when discussing changesets.)  We can "
"view the heads in a repository using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg heads</"
"command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:105
msgid "Performing the merge"
msgstr "执行合并"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:107
msgid ""
"What happens if we try to use the normal <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</"
"command> command to update to the new tip?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:113
msgid ""
"Mercurial is telling us that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> "
"command won't do a merge; it won't update the working directory when it "
"thinks we might be wanting to do a merge, unless we force it to do so.  "
"Instead, we use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> command to "
"merge the two heads."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:123
msgid "Working directory and repository during merge, and following commit"
msgstr "在合并期间，以及提交之后的工作目录与版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:126
msgid ""
"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"figs/tour-merge-merge.png\"/> </"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:133
msgid ""
"This updates the working directory so that it contains changes from "
"<emphasis>both</emphasis> heads, which is reflected in both the output of "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> and the contents of "
"<filename>hello.c</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:143
msgid "Committing the results of the merge"
msgstr "提交合并结果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:145
msgid ""
"Whenever we've done a merge, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command> "
"will display two parents until we <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</"
"command> the results of the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:152
msgid ""
"We now have a new tip revision; notice that it has <emphasis>both</emphasis> "
"of our former heads as its parents.  These are the same revisions that were "
"previously displayed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg parents</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:159
msgid ""
"In <xref linkend=\"fig:tour-merge:merge\"/>, you can see a representation of "
"what happens to the working directory during the merge, and how this affects "
"the repository when the commit happens.  During the merge, the working "
"directory has two parent changesets, and these become the parents of the new "
"changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:170
msgid "Merging conflicting changes"
msgstr "合并有冲突的改变"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:172
msgid ""
"Most merges are simple affairs, but sometimes you'll find yourself merging "
"changes where each modifies the same portions of the same files.  Unless both "
"modifications are identical, this results in a <emphasis>conflict</emphasis>, "
"where you have to decide how to reconcile the different changes into "
"something coherent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:180
msgid "Conflicting changes to a document"
msgstr "冲突的修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:182
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/tour-merge-conflict.png\"/></"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:187
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"fig:tour-merge:conflict\"/> illustrates an instance of two "
"conflicting changes to a document.  We started with a single version of the "
"file; then we made some changes; while someone else made different changes to "
"the same text.  Our task in resolving the conflicting changes is to decide "
"what the file should look like."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:194
msgid ""
"Mercurial doesn't have a built-in facility for handling conflicts. Instead, "
"it runs an external program called <command>hgmerge</command>.  This is a "
"shell script that is bundled with Mercurial; you can change it to behave "
"however you please.  What it does by default is try to find one of several "
"different merging tools that are likely to be installed on your system.  It "
"first tries a few fully automatic merging tools; if these don't succeed "
"(because the resolution process requires human guidance) or aren't present, "
"the script tries a few different graphical merging tools."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:205
msgid ""
"It's also possible to get Mercurial to run another program or script instead "
"of <command>hgmerge</command>, by setting the <envar>HGMERGE</envar> "
"environment variable to the name of your preferred program."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:211
msgid "Using a graphical merge tool"
msgstr "使用图形合并工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:213
msgid ""
"My preferred graphical merge tool is <command>kdiff3</command>, which I'll "
"use to describe the features that are common to graphical file merging "
"tools.  You can see a screenshot of <command>kdiff3</command> in action in "
"<xref linkend=\"fig:tour-merge:kdiff3\"/>.  The kind of merge it is "
"performing is called a <emphasis>three-way merge</emphasis>, because there "
"are three different versions of the file of interest to us.  The tool thus "
"splits the upper portion of the window into three panes:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:223
msgid ""
"At the left is the <emphasis>base</emphasis> version of the file, i.e. the "
"most recent version from which the two versions we're trying to merge are "
"descended."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:228
msgid ""
"In the middle is <quote>our</quote> version of the file, with the contents "
"that we modified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:231
msgid ""
"On the right is <quote>their</quote> version of the file, the one that from "
"the changeset that we're trying to merge with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:235
msgid ""
"In the pane below these is the current <emphasis>result</emphasis> of the "
"merge. Our task is to replace all of the red text, which indicates unresolved "
"conflicts, with some sensible merger of the <quote>ours</quote> and "
"<quote>theirs</quote> versions of the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:242
msgid ""
"All four of these panes are <emphasis>locked together</emphasis>; if we "
"scroll vertically or horizontally in any of them, the others are updated to "
"display the corresponding sections of their respective files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:248
msgid "Using <command>kdiff3</command> to merge versions of a file"
msgstr "使用 <command>kdiff3</command> 合并文件的不同版本"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:251
msgid ""
"<imageobject> <imagedata width=\"100%\" fileref=\"figs/kdiff3.png\"/></"
"imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:259
msgid ""
"For each conflicting portion of the file, we can choose to resolve the "
"conflict using some combination of text from the base version, ours, or "
"theirs.  We can also manually edit the merged file at any time, in case we "
"need to make further modifications."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:265
msgid ""
"There are <emphasis>many</emphasis> file merging tools available, too many to "
"cover here.  They vary in which platforms they are available for, and in "
"their particular strengths and weaknesses.  Most are tuned for merging files "
"containing plain text, while a few are aimed at specialised file formats "
"(generally XML)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:274
msgid "A worked example"
msgstr "合并实例"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:276
msgid ""
"In this example, we will reproduce the file modification history of <xref "
"linkend=\"fig:tour-merge:conflict\"/> above.  Let's begin by creating a "
"repository with a base version of our document."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:283
msgid "We'll clone the repository and make a change to the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:288
msgid ""
"And another clone, to simulate someone else making a change to the file. "
"(This hints at the idea that it's not all that unusual to merge with yourself "
"when you isolate tasks in separate repositories, and indeed to find and "
"resolve conflicts while doing so.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:296
msgid ""
"Having created two different versions of the file, we'll set up an "
"environment suitable for running our merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:302
msgid ""
"In this example, I won't use Mercurial's normal <command>hgmerge</command> "
"program to do the merge, because it would drop my nice automated example-"
"running tool into a graphical user interface.  Instead, I'll set "
"<envar>HGMERGE</envar> to tell Mercurial to use the non-interactive "
"<command>merge</command> command.  This is bundled with many Unix-like "
"systems. If you're following this example on your computer, don't bother "
"setting <envar>HGMERGE</envar>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:312
msgid "<emphasis role=\"bold\">XXX FIX THIS EXAMPLE.</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:317
msgid ""
"Because <command>merge</command> can't resolve the conflicting changes, it "
"leaves <emphasis>merge markers</emphasis> inside the file that has conflicts, "
"indicating which lines have conflicts, and whether they came from our version "
"of the file or theirs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:323
msgid ""
"Mercurial can tell from the way <command>merge</command> exits that it wasn't "
"able to merge successfully, so it tells us what commands we'll need to run if "
"we want to redo the merging operation.  This could be useful if, for example, "
"we were running a graphical merge tool and quit because we were confused or "
"realised we had made a mistake."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:330
msgid ""
"If automatic or manual merges fail, there's nothing to prevent us from "
"<quote>fixing up</quote> the affected files ourselves, and committing the "
"results of our merge:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:339
msgid "Simplifying the pull-merge-commit sequence"
msgstr "简化拉-合并-提交程序"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:341
msgid ""
"The process of merging changes as outlined above is straightforward, but "
"requires running three commands in sequence."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:347
msgid ""
"In the case of the final commit, you also need to enter a commit message, "
"which is almost always going to be a piece of uninteresting "
"<quote>boilerplate</quote> text."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:351
msgid ""
"It would be nice to reduce the number of steps needed, if this were "
"possible.  Indeed, Mercurial is distributed with an extension called <literal "
"role=\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> that does just this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:356
msgid ""
"Mercurial provides a flexible extension mechanism that lets people extend its "
"functionality, while keeping the core of Mercurial small and easy to deal "
"with.  Some extensions add new commands that you can use from the command "
"line, while others work <quote>behind the scenes,</quote> for example adding "
"capabilities to the server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:363
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> extension adds a new command "
"called, not surprisingly, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg fetch</command>.  This "
"extension acts as a combination of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</"
"command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> and <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg merge</command>.  It begins by pulling changes from another "
"repository into the current repository.  If it finds that the changes added a "
"new head to the repository, it begins a merge, then commits the result of the "
"merge with an automatically-generated commit message.  If no new heads were "
"added, it updates the working directory to the new tip changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:376
msgid ""
"Enabling the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">fetch</literal> extension is easy.  "
"Edit your <filename role=\"special\">.hgrc</filename>, and either go to the "
"<literal role=\"rc-extensions\">extensions</literal> section or create an "
"<literal role=\"rc-extensions\">extensions</literal> section. Then add a line "
"that simply reads <quote><literal>fetch </literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch02-tour-merge.xml:385
msgid ""
"(Normally, on the right-hand side of the <quote><literal>=</literal></quote> "
"would appear the location of the extension, but since the <literal role=\"hg-"
"ext\">fetch</literal> extension is in the standard distribution, Mercurial "
"knows where to search for it.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:5
msgid "Behind the scenes"
msgstr "Mercurial 内幕"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:7
msgid ""
"Unlike many revision control systems, the concepts upon which Mercurial is "
"built are simple enough that it's easy to understand how the software really "
"works.  Knowing this certainly isn't necessary, but I find it useful to have "
"a <quote>mental model</quote> of what's going on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:13
msgid ""
"This understanding gives me confidence that Mercurial has been carefully "
"designed to be both <emphasis>safe</emphasis> and <emphasis>efficient</"
"emphasis>.  And just as importantly, if it's easy for me to retain a good "
"idea of what the software is doing when I perform a revision control task, "
"I'm less likely to be surprised by its behaviour."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:20
msgid ""
"In this chapter, we'll initially cover the core concepts behind Mercurial's "
"design, then continue to discuss some of the interesting details of its "
"implementation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:25
msgid "Mercurial's historical record"
msgstr "Mercurial 的历史记录"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:28
msgid "Tracking the history of a single file"
msgstr "跟踪单一文件的历史"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:30
msgid ""
"When Mercurial tracks modifications to a file, it stores the history of that "
"file in a metadata object called a <emphasis>filelog</emphasis>.  Each entry "
"in the filelog contains enough information to reconstruct one revision of the "
"file that is being tracked.  Filelogs are stored as files in the <filename "
"role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/store/data</filename> directory.  A "
"filelog contains two kinds of information: revision data, and an index to "
"help Mercurial to find a revision efficiently."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:41
msgid ""
"A file that is large, or has a lot of history, has its filelog stored in "
"separate data (<quote><literal>.d</literal></quote> suffix) and index "
"(<quote><literal>.i</literal></quote> suffix) files.  For small files without "
"much history, the revision data and index are combined in a single "
"<quote><literal>.i</literal></quote> file.  The correspondence between a file "
"in the working directory and the filelog that tracks its history in the "
"repository is illustrated in <xref linkend=\"fig:concepts:filelog\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:53
msgid ""
"Relationships between files in working directory and filelogs in repository"
msgstr "工作目录中的文件与版本库中的文件日志之间的关系"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:56
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/filelog.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:63
msgid "Managing tracked files"
msgstr "管理跟踪的文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:65
msgid ""
"Mercurial uses a structure called a <emphasis>manifest</emphasis> to collect "
"together information about the files that it tracks.  Each entry in the "
"manifest contains information about the files present in a single changeset.  "
"An entry records which files are present in the changeset, the revision of "
"each file, and a few other pieces of file metadata."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:75
msgid "Recording changeset information"
msgstr "记录修改集信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:77
msgid ""
"The <emphasis>changelog</emphasis> contains information about each "
"changeset.  Each revision records who committed a change, the changeset "
"comment, other pieces of changeset-related information, and the revision of "
"the manifest to use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:85
msgid "Relationships between revisions"
msgstr "版本之间的关系"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:87
msgid ""
"Within a changelog, a manifest, or a filelog, each revision stores a pointer "
"to its immediate parent (or to its two parents, if it's a merge revision).  "
"As I mentioned above, there are also relationships between revisions "
"<emphasis>across</emphasis> these structures, and they are hierarchical in "
"nature."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:94
msgid ""
"For every changeset in a repository, there is exactly one revision stored in "
"the changelog.  Each revision of the changelog contains a pointer to a single "
"revision of the manifest.  A revision of the manifest stores a pointer to a "
"single revision of each filelog tracked when that changeset was created.  "
"These relationships are illustrated in <xref linkend=\"fig:concepts:metadata"
"\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:103
msgid "Metadata relationships"
msgstr "元数据之间的关系"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:105
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/metadata.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:110
msgid ""
"As the illustration shows, there is <emphasis>not</emphasis> a <quote>one to "
"one</quote> relationship between revisions in the changelog, manifest, or "
"filelog. If the manifest hasn't changed between two changesets, the changelog "
"entries for those changesets will point to the same revision of the "
"manifest.  If a file that Mercurial tracks hasn't changed between two "
"changesets, the entry for that file in the two revisions of the manifest will "
"point to the same revision of its filelog."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:123
msgid "Safe, efficient storage"
msgstr "安全，高效的存储"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:125
msgid ""
"The underpinnings of changelogs, manifests, and filelogs are provided by a "
"single structure called the <emphasis>revlog</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:130
msgid "Efficient storage"
msgstr "高效存储"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:132
msgid ""
"The revlog provides efficient storage of revisions using a <emphasis>delta</"
"emphasis> mechanism.  Instead of storing a complete copy of a file for each "
"revision, it stores the changes needed to transform an older revision into "
"the new revision.  For many kinds of file data, these deltas are typically a "
"fraction of a percent of the size of a full copy of a file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:140
msgid ""
"Some obsolete revision control systems can only work with deltas of text "
"files.  They must either store binary files as complete snapshots or encoded "
"into a text representation, both of which are wasteful approaches.  Mercurial "
"can efficiently handle deltas of files with arbitrary binary contents; it "
"doesn't need to treat text as special."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:149
msgid "Safe operation"
msgstr "安全操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:151
msgid ""
"Mercurial only ever <emphasis>appends</emphasis> data to the end of a revlog "
"file. It never modifies a section of a file after it has written it.  This is "
"both more robust and efficient than schemes that need to modify or rewrite "
"data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:157
msgid ""
"In addition, Mercurial treats every write as part of a <emphasis>transaction</"
"emphasis> that can span a number of files.  A transaction is "
"<emphasis>atomic</emphasis>: either the entire transaction succeeds and its "
"effects are all visible to readers in one go, or the whole thing is undone.  "
"This guarantee of atomicity means that if you're running two copies of "
"Mercurial, where one is reading data and one is writing it, the reader will "
"never see a partially written result that might confuse it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:167
msgid ""
"The fact that Mercurial only appends to files makes it easier to provide this "
"transactional guarantee.  The easier it is to do stuff like this, the more "
"confident you should be that it's done correctly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:174
msgid "Fast retrieval"
msgstr "快速检索"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:176
msgid ""
"Mercurial cleverly avoids a pitfall common to all earlier revision control "
"systems: the problem of <emphasis>inefficient retrieval</emphasis>. Most "
"revision control systems store the contents of a revision as an incremental "
"series of modifications against a <quote>snapshot</quote>.  To reconstruct a "
"specific revision, you must first read the snapshot, and then every one of "
"the revisions between the snapshot and your target revision.  The more "
"history that a file accumulates, the more revisions you must read, hence the "
"longer it takes to reconstruct a particular revision."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:188
msgid "Snapshot of a revlog, with incremental deltas"
msgstr "版本日志的快照，以及增量差异"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:190
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/snapshot.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:195
msgid ""
"The innovation that Mercurial applies to this problem is simple but "
"effective.  Once the cumulative amount of delta information stored since the "
"last snapshot exceeds a fixed threshold, it stores a new snapshot "
"(compressed, of course), instead of another delta.  This makes it possible to "
"reconstruct <emphasis>any</emphasis> revision of a file quickly.  This "
"approach works so well that it has since been copied by several other "
"revision control systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:204
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"fig:concepts:snapshot\"/> illustrates the idea.  In an entry "
"in a revlog's index file, Mercurial stores the range of entries from the data "
"file that it must read to reconstruct a particular revision."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:210
msgid "Aside: the influence of video compression"
msgstr "旁白: 视频压缩的影响"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:212
msgid ""
"If you're familiar with video compression or have ever watched a TV feed "
"through a digital cable or satellite service, you may know that most video "
"compression schemes store each frame of video as a delta against its "
"predecessor frame.  In addition, these schemes use <quote>lossy</quote> "
"compression techniques to increase the compression ratio, so visual errors "
"accumulate over the course of a number of inter-frame deltas."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:221
msgid ""
"Because it's possible for a video stream to <quote>drop out</quote> "
"occasionally due to signal glitches, and to limit the accumulation of "
"artefacts introduced by the lossy compression process, video encoders "
"periodically insert a complete frame (called a <quote>key frame</quote>) into "
"the video stream; the next delta is generated against that frame.  This means "
"that if the video signal gets interrupted, it will resume once the next key "
"frame is received.  Also, the accumulation of encoding errors restarts anew "
"with each key frame."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:235
msgid "Identification and strong integrity"
msgstr "鉴别和强完整性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:237
msgid ""
"Along with delta or snapshot information, a revlog entry contains a "
"cryptographic hash of the data that it represents.  This makes it difficult "
"to forge the contents of a revision, and easy to detect accidental corruption."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:242
msgid ""
"Hashes provide more than a mere check against corruption; they are used as "
"the identifiers for revisions.  The changeset identification hashes that you "
"see as an end user are from revisions of the changelog.  Although filelogs "
"and the manifest also use hashes, Mercurial only uses these behind the scenes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:249
msgid ""
"Mercurial verifies that hashes are correct when it retrieves file revisions "
"and when it pulls changes from another repository.  If it encounters an "
"integrity problem, it will complain and stop whatever it's doing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:254
msgid ""
"In addition to the effect it has on retrieval efficiency, Mercurial's use of "
"periodic snapshots makes it more robust against partial data corruption.  If "
"a revlog becomes partly corrupted due to a hardware error or system bug, it's "
"often possible to reconstruct some or most revisions from the uncorrupted "
"sections of the revlog, both before and after the corrupted section.  This "
"would not be possible with a delta-only storage model."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:266
msgid "Revision history, branching, and merging"
msgstr "修订历史，分支与合并"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:268
msgid ""
"Every entry in a Mercurial revlog knows the identity of its immediate "
"ancestor revision, usually referred to as its <emphasis>parent</emphasis>.  "
"In fact, a revision contains room for not one parent, but two.  Mercurial "
"uses a special hash, called the <quote>null ID</quote>, to represent the idea "
"<quote>there is no parent here</quote>.  This hash is simply a string of "
"zeroes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:276
msgid ""
"In <xref linkend=\"fig:concepts:revlog\"/>, you can see an example of the "
"conceptual structure of a revlog.  Filelogs, manifests, and changelogs all "
"have this same structure; they differ only in the kind of data stored in each "
"delta or snapshot."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:282
msgid ""
"The first revision in a revlog (at the bottom of the image)  has the null ID "
"in both of its parent slots.  For a <quote>normal</quote> revision, its first "
"parent slot contains the ID of its parent revision, and its second contains "
"the null ID, indicating that the revision has only one real parent.  Any two "
"revisions that have the same parent ID are branches.  A revision that "
"represents a merge between branches has two normal revision IDs in its parent "
"slots."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:292
msgid "The conceptual structure of a revlog"
msgstr "版本日志的设计结构"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:294
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/revlog.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:301
msgid "The working directory"
msgstr "工作目录"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:303
msgid ""
"In the working directory, Mercurial stores a snapshot of the files from the "
"repository as of a particular changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:306
msgid ""
"The working directory <quote>knows</quote> which changeset it contains.  When "
"you update the working directory to contain a particular changeset, Mercurial "
"looks up the appropriate revision of the manifest to find out which files it "
"was tracking at the time that changeset was committed, and which revision of "
"each file was then current.  It then recreates a copy of each of those files, "
"with the same contents it had when the changeset was committed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:315
msgid ""
"The <emphasis>dirstate</emphasis> contains Mercurial's knowledge of the "
"working directory.  This details which changeset the working directory is "
"updated to, and all of the files that Mercurial is tracking in the working "
"directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:321
msgid ""
"Just as a revision of a revlog has room for two parents, so that it can "
"represent either a normal revision (with one parent)  or a merge of two "
"earlier revisions, the dirstate has slots for two parents.  When you use the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> command, the changeset that you "
"update to is stored in the <quote>first parent</quote> slot, and the null ID "
"in the second. When you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> with "
"another changeset, the first parent remains unchanged, and the second parent "
"is filled in with the changeset you're merging with.  The <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg parents</command> command tells you what the parents of the dirstate "
"are."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:335
msgid "What happens when you commit"
msgstr "当你提交时发生的事情"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:337
msgid ""
"The dirstate stores parent information for more than just book-keeping "
"purposes.  Mercurial uses the parents of the dirstate as <emphasis>the "
"parents of a new changeset</emphasis> when you perform a commit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:343
msgid "The working directory can have two parents"
msgstr "工作目录可以有两个父亲"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:345
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/wdir.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:350
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"fig:concepts:wdir\"/> shows the normal state of the working "
"directory, where it has a single changeset as parent.  That changeset is the "
"<emphasis>tip</emphasis>, the newest changeset in the repository that has no "
"children."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:357
msgid "The working directory gains new parents after a commit"
msgstr "提交之后，工作目录的父亲就改变了"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:360
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/wdir-after-commit.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:365
msgid ""
"It's useful to think of the working directory as <quote>the changeset I'm "
"about to commit</quote>.  Any files that you tell Mercurial that you've "
"added, removed, renamed, or copied will be reflected in that changeset, as "
"will modifications to any files that Mercurial is already tracking; the new "
"changeset will have the parents of the working directory as its parents."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:373
msgid ""
"After a commit, Mercurial will update the parents of the working directory, "
"so that the first parent is the ID of the new changeset, and the second is "
"the null ID.  This is shown in <xref linkend=\"fig:concepts:wdir-after-commit"
"\"/>. Mercurial doesn't touch any of the files in the working directory when "
"you commit; it just modifies the dirstate to note its new parents."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:384
msgid "Creating a new head"
msgstr "创建新顶点"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:386
msgid ""
"It's perfectly normal to update the working directory to a changeset other "
"than the current tip.  For example, you might want to know what your project "
"looked like last Tuesday, or you could be looking through changesets to see "
"which one introduced a bug.  In cases like this, the natural thing to do is "
"update the working directory to the changeset you're interested in, and then "
"examine the files in the working directory directly to see their contents as "
"they were when you committed that changeset.  The effect of this is shown in "
"<xref linkend=\"fig:concepts:wdir-pre-branch\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:398
msgid "The working directory, updated to an older changeset"
msgstr "同步到旧修改集的工作目录"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:401
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/wdir-pre-branch.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:406
msgid ""
"Having updated the working directory to an older changeset, what happens if "
"you make some changes, and then commit? Mercurial behaves in the same way as "
"I outlined above.  The parents of the working directory become the parents of "
"the new changeset.  This new changeset has no children, so it becomes the new "
"tip.  And the repository now contains two changesets that have no children; "
"we call these <emphasis>heads</emphasis>.  You can see the structure that "
"this creates in <xref linkend=\"fig:concepts:wdir-branch\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:418
msgid "After a commit made while synced to an older changeset"
msgstr "对同步到旧修改集的工作目录提交之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:421
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/wdir-branch.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:427
msgid ""
"If you're new to Mercurial, you should keep in mind a common <quote>error</"
"quote>, which is to use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"command without any options.  By default, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"pull</command> command <emphasis>does not</emphasis> update the working "
"directory, so you'll bring new changesets into your repository, but the "
"working directory will stay synced at the same changeset as before the pull.  "
"If you make some changes and commit afterwards, you'll thus create a new "
"head, because your working directory isn't synced to whatever the current tip "
"is."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:439
msgid ""
"I put the word <quote>error</quote> in quotes because all that you need to do "
"to rectify this situation is <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command>, "
"then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command>.  In other words, this "
"almost never has negative consequences; it just surprises people.  I'll "
"discuss other ways to avoid this behaviour, and why Mercurial behaves in this "
"initially surprising way, later on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:451
msgid "Merging heads"
msgstr "合并顶点"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:453
msgid ""
"When you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> command, "
"Mercurial leaves the first parent of the working directory unchanged, and "
"sets the second parent to the changeset you're merging with, as shown in "
"<xref linkend=\"fig:concepts:wdir-merge\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:460
msgid "Merging two heads"
msgstr "合并两个顶点"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:462
msgid ""
"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=\"figs/wdir-merge.png\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:469
msgid ""
"Mercurial also has to modify the working directory, to merge the files "
"managed in the two changesets.  Simplified a little, the merging process goes "
"like this, for every file in the manifests of both changesets."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:474
msgid "If neither changeset has modified a file, do nothing with that file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:477
msgid ""
"If one changeset has modified a file, and the other hasn't, create the "
"modified copy of the file in the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:481
msgid ""
"If one changeset has removed a file, and the other hasn't (or has also "
"deleted it), delete the file from the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:485
msgid ""
"If one changeset has removed a file, but the other has modified the file, ask "
"the user what to do: keep the modified file, or remove it?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:489
msgid ""
"If both changesets have modified a file, invoke an external merge program to "
"choose the new contents for the merged file.  This may require input from the "
"user."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:494
msgid ""
"If one changeset has modified a file, and the other has renamed or copied the "
"file, make sure that the changes follow the new name of the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:498
msgid ""
"There are more details&emdash;merging has plenty of corner cases&emdash;but "
"these are the most common choices that are involved in a merge.  As you can "
"see, most cases are completely automatic, and indeed most merges finish "
"automatically, without requiring your input to resolve any conflicts."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:505
msgid ""
"When you're thinking about what happens when you commit after a merge, once "
"again the working directory is <quote>the changeset I'm about to commit</"
"quote>.  After the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> command "
"completes, the working directory has two parents; these will become the "
"parents of the new changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:512
msgid ""
"Mercurial lets you perform multiple merges, but you must commit the results "
"of each individual merge as you go.  This is necessary because Mercurial only "
"tracks two parents for both revisions and the working directory.  While it "
"would be technically possible to merge multiple changesets at once, the "
"prospect of user confusion and making a terrible mess of a merge immediately "
"becomes overwhelming."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:523
msgid "Other interesting design features"
msgstr "其它有趣的设计特性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:525
msgid ""
"In the sections above, I've tried to highlight some of the most important "
"aspects of Mercurial's design, to illustrate that it pays careful attention "
"to reliability and performance.  However, the attention to detail doesn't "
"stop there.  There are a number of other aspects of Mercurial's construction "
"that I personally find interesting.  I'll detail a few of them here, separate "
"from the <quote>big ticket</quote> items above, so that if you're interested, "
"you can gain a better idea of the amount of thinking that goes into a well-"
"designed system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:536
msgid "Clever compression"
msgstr "智能压缩"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:538
msgid ""
"When appropriate, Mercurial will store both snapshots and deltas in "
"compressed form.  It does this by always <emphasis>trying to</emphasis> "
"compress a snapshot or delta, but only storing the compressed version if it's "
"smaller than the uncompressed version."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:544
msgid ""
"This means that Mercurial does <quote>the right thing</quote> when storing a "
"file whose native form is compressed, such as a <literal>zip</literal> "
"archive or a JPEG image.  When these types of files are compressed a second "
"time, the resulting file is usually bigger than the once-compressed form, and "
"so Mercurial will store the plain <literal>zip</literal> or JPEG."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:552
msgid ""
"Deltas between revisions of a compressed file are usually larger than "
"snapshots of the file, and Mercurial again does <quote>the right thing</"
"quote> in these cases.  It finds that such a delta exceeds the threshold at "
"which it should store a complete snapshot of the file, so it stores the "
"snapshot, again saving space compared to a naive delta-only approach."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:561
msgid "Network recompression"
msgstr "网络重新压缩"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:563
msgid ""
"When storing revisions on disk, Mercurial uses the <quote>deflate</quote> "
"compression algorithm (the same one used by the popular <literal>zip</"
"literal> archive format), which balances good speed with a respectable "
"compression ratio.  However, when transmitting revision data over a network "
"connection, Mercurial uncompresses the compressed revision data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:571
msgid ""
"If the connection is over HTTP, Mercurial recompresses the entire stream of "
"data using a compression algorithm that gives a better compression ratio (the "
"Burrows-Wheeler algorithm from the widely used <literal>bzip2</literal> "
"compression package).  This combination of algorithm and compression of the "
"entire stream (instead of a revision at a time) substantially reduces the "
"number of bytes to be transferred, yielding better network performance over "
"almost all kinds of network."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:581
msgid ""
"(If the connection is over <command>ssh</command>, Mercurial "
"<emphasis>doesn't</emphasis> recompress the stream, because <command>ssh</"
"command> can already do this itself.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:589
msgid "Read/write ordering and atomicity"
msgstr "读写顺序与原子性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:591
msgid ""
"Appending to files isn't the whole story when it comes to guaranteeing that a "
"reader won't see a partial write.  If you recall <xref linkend=\"fig:concepts:"
"metadata\"/>, revisions in the changelog point to revisions in the manifest, "
"and revisions in the manifest point to revisions in filelogs.  This hierarchy "
"is deliberate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:599
msgid ""
"A writer starts a transaction by writing filelog and manifest data, and "
"doesn't write any changelog data until those are finished.  A reader starts "
"by reading changelog data, then manifest data, followed by filelog data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:604
msgid ""
"Since the writer has always finished writing filelog and manifest data before "
"it writes to the changelog, a reader will never read a pointer to a partially "
"written manifest revision from the changelog, and it will never read a "
"pointer to a partially written filelog revision from the manifest."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:612
msgid "Concurrent access"
msgstr "并发访问"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:614
msgid ""
"The read/write ordering and atomicity guarantees mean that Mercurial never "
"needs to <emphasis>lock</emphasis> a repository when it's reading data, even "
"if the repository is being written to while the read is occurring. This has a "
"big effect on scalability; you can have an arbitrary number of Mercurial "
"processes safely reading data from a repository safely all at once, no matter "
"whether it's being written to or not."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:623
msgid ""
"The lockless nature of reading means that if you're sharing a repository on a "
"multi-user system, you don't need to grant other local users permission to "
"<emphasis>write</emphasis> to your repository in order for them to be able to "
"clone it or pull changes from it; they only need <emphasis>read</emphasis> "
"permission.  (This is <emphasis>not</emphasis> a common feature among "
"revision control systems, so don't take it for granted! Most require readers "
"to be able to lock a repository to access it safely, and this requires write "
"permission on at least one directory, which of course makes for all kinds of "
"nasty and annoying security and administrative problems.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:636
msgid ""
"Mercurial uses locks to ensure that only one process can write to a "
"repository at a time (the locking mechanism is safe even over filesystems "
"that are notoriously hostile to locking, such as NFS).  If a repository is "
"locked, a writer will wait for a while to retry if the repository becomes "
"unlocked, but if the repository remains locked for too long, the process "
"attempting to write will time out after a while. This means that your daily "
"automated scripts won't get stuck forever and pile up if a system crashes "
"unnoticed, for example.  (Yes, the timeout is configurable, from zero to "
"infinity.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:648
msgid "Safe dirstate access"
msgstr "安全的目录状态访问"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:650
msgid ""
"As with revision data, Mercurial doesn't take a lock to read the dirstate "
"file; it does acquire a lock to write it.  To avoid the possibility of "
"reading a partially written copy of the dirstate file, Mercurial writes to a "
"file with a unique name in the same directory as the dirstate file, then "
"renames the temporary file atomically to <filename>dirstate</filename>.  The "
"file named <filename>dirstate</filename> is thus guaranteed to be complete, "
"not partially written."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:663
msgid "Avoiding seeks"
msgstr "避免查找"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:665
msgid ""
"Critical to Mercurial's performance is the avoidance of seeks of the disk "
"head, since any seek is far more expensive than even a comparatively large "
"read operation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:669
msgid ""
"This is why, for example, the dirstate is stored in a single file.  If there "
"were a dirstate file per directory that Mercurial tracked, the disk would "
"seek once per directory.  Instead, Mercurial reads the entire single dirstate "
"file in one step."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:675
msgid ""
"Mercurial also uses a <quote>copy on write</quote> scheme when cloning a "
"repository on local storage.  Instead of copying every revlog file from the "
"old repository into the new repository, it makes a <quote>hard link</quote>, "
"which is a shorthand way to say <quote>these two names point to the same "
"file</quote>.  When Mercurial is about to write to one of a revlog's files, "
"it checks to see if the number of names pointing at the file is greater than "
"one.  If it is, more than one repository is using the file, so Mercurial "
"makes a new copy of the file that is private to this repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:686
msgid ""
"A few revision control developers have pointed out that this idea of making a "
"complete private copy of a file is not very efficient in its use of storage.  "
"While this is true, storage is cheap, and this method gives the highest "
"performance while deferring most book-keeping to the operating system.  An "
"alternative scheme would most likely reduce performance and increase the "
"complexity of the software, each of which is much more important to the "
"<quote>feel</quote> of day-to-day use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:698
msgid "Other contents of the dirstate"
msgstr "目录状态的其它内容"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:700
msgid ""
"Because Mercurial doesn't force you to tell it when you're modifying a file, "
"it uses the dirstate to store some extra information so it can determine "
"efficiently whether you have modified a file.  For each file in the working "
"directory, it stores the time that it last modified the file itself, and the "
"size of the file at that time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:707
msgid ""
"When you explicitly <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command>, <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command> "
"or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> files, Mercurial updates the "
"dirstate so that it knows what to do with those files when you commit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch03-concepts.xml:714
msgid ""
"When Mercurial is checking the states of files in the working directory, it "
"first checks a file's modification time.  If that has not changed, the file "
"must not have been modified.  If the file's size has changed, the file must "
"have been modified.  If the modification time has changed, but the size has "
"not, only then does Mercurial need to read the actual contents of the file to "
"see if they've changed. Storing these few extra pieces of information "
"dramatically reduces the amount of data that Mercurial needs to read, which "
"yields large performance improvements compared to other revision control "
"systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:5
msgid "Mercurial in daily use"
msgstr "Mercurial 的日常使用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:8
msgid "Telling Mercurial which files to track"
msgstr "告诉 Mercurial 要跟踪哪些文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:10
msgid ""
"Mercurial does not work with files in your repository unless you tell it to "
"manage them.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command will "
"tell you which files Mercurial doesn't know about; it uses a <quote><literal>?"
"</literal></quote> to display such files."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:17
msgid ""
"To tell Mercurial to track a file, use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</"
"command> command.  Once you have added a file, the entry in the output of "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> for that file changes from "
"<quote><literal>?</literal></quote> to <quote><literal>A</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:26
msgid ""
"After you run a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command>, the files that "
"you added before the commit will no longer be listed in the output of "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command>.  The reason for this is that "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> only tells you about "
"<quote>interesting</quote> files&emdash;those that you have modified or told "
"Mercurial to do something with&emdash;by default.  If you have a repository "
"that contains thousands of files, you will rarely want to know about files "
"that Mercurial is tracking, but that have not changed.  (You can still get "
"this information; we'll return to this later.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:38
msgid ""
"Once you add a file, Mercurial doesn't do anything with it immediately.  "
"Instead, it will take a snapshot of the file's state the next time you "
"perform a commit.  It will then continue to track the changes you make to the "
"file every time you commit, until you remove the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:45
msgid "Explicit versus implicit file naming"
msgstr "明确与隐含文件命名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:47
msgid ""
"A useful behaviour that Mercurial has is that if you pass the name of a "
"directory to a command, every Mercurial command will treat this as <quote>I "
"want to operate on every file in this directory and its subdirectories</"
"quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:54
msgid ""
"Notice in this example that Mercurial printed the names of the files it "
"added, whereas it didn't do so when we added the file named <filename>a</"
"filename> in the earlier example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:59
msgid ""
"What's going on is that in the former case, we explicitly named the file to "
"add on the command line, so the assumption that Mercurial makes in such cases "
"is that you know what you were doing, and it doesn't print any output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:64
msgid ""
"However, when we <emphasis>imply</emphasis> the names of files by giving the "
"name of a directory, Mercurial takes the extra step of printing the name of "
"each file that it does something with.  This makes it more clear what is "
"happening, and reduces the likelihood of a silent and nasty surprise.  This "
"behaviour is common to most Mercurial commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:73
msgid "Aside: Mercurial tracks files, not directories"
msgstr "旁白: Mercurial 只跟踪文件，不跟踪目录"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:75
msgid ""
"Mercurial does not track directory information.  Instead, it tracks the path "
"to a file.  Before creating a file, it first creates any missing directory "
"components of the path.  After it deletes a file, it then deletes any empty "
"directories that were in the deleted file's path.  This sounds like a trivial "
"distinction, but it has one minor practical consequence: it is not possible "
"to represent a completely empty directory in Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:84
msgid ""
"Empty directories are rarely useful, and there are unintrusive workarounds "
"that you can use to achieve an appropriate effect.  The developers of "
"Mercurial thus felt that the complexity that would be required to manage "
"empty directories was not worth the limited benefit this feature would bring."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:91
msgid ""
"If you need an empty directory in your repository, there are a few ways to "
"achieve this. One is to create a directory, then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"add</command> a <quote>hidden</quote> file to that directory.  On Unix-like "
"systems, any file name that begins with a period (<quote><literal>.</"
"literal></quote>) is treated as hidden by most commands and GUI tools.  This "
"approach is illustrated below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:102
msgid ""
"Another way to tackle a need for an empty directory is to simply create one "
"in your automated build scripts before they will need it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:109
msgid "How to stop tracking a file"
msgstr "如何停止跟踪文件"

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:111
msgid ""
"Once you decide that a file no longer belongs in your repository, use the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> command; this deletes the file, "
"and tells Mercurial to stop tracking it.  A removed file is represented in "
"the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> with a "
"<quote><literal>R</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:120
msgid ""
"After you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> a file, Mercurial will "
"no longer track changes to that file, even if you recreate a file with the "
"same name in your working directory.  If you do recreate a file with the same "
"name and want Mercurial to track the new file, simply <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg add</command> it. Mercurial will know that the newly added file is not "
"related to the old file of the same name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:129
msgid "Removing a file does not affect its history"
msgstr "删除文件不影响历史"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:131
msgid "It is important to understand that removing a file has only two effects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:134
msgid "It removes the current version of the file from the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:137
msgid ""
"It stops Mercurial from tracking changes to the file, from the time of the "
"next commit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:140
msgid ""
"Removing a file <emphasis>does not</emphasis> in any way alter the "
"<emphasis>history</emphasis> of the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:143
msgid ""
"If you update the working directory to a changeset in which a file that you "
"have removed was still tracked, it will reappear in the working directory, "
"with the contents it had when you committed that changeset.  If you then "
"update the working directory to a later changeset, in which the file had been "
"removed, Mercurial will once again remove the file from the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:153
msgid "Missing files"
msgstr "丢失的文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:155
msgid ""
"Mercurial considers a file that you have deleted, but not used <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> to delete, to be <emphasis>missing</"
"emphasis>.  A missing file is represented with <quote><literal>!</literal></"
"quote> in the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command>.  "
"Mercurial commands will not generally do anything with missing files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:165
msgid ""
"If your repository contains a file that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</"
"command> reports as missing, and you want the file to stay gone, you can run "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove <option role=\"hg-opt-remove\">--after</"
"option></command> at any time later on, to tell Mercurial that you really did "
"mean to remove the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:175
msgid ""
"On the other hand, if you deleted the missing file by accident, give <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> the name of the file to recover.  It will "
"reappear, in unmodified form."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:184
msgid "Aside: why tell Mercurial explicitly to remove a file?"
msgstr "旁白: 为什么要明确告诉 Mercurial 删除文件?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:187
msgid ""
"You might wonder why Mercurial requires you to explicitly tell it that you "
"are deleting a file.  Early during the development of Mercurial, it let you "
"delete a file however you pleased; Mercurial would notice the absence of the "
"file automatically when you next ran a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</"
"command>, and stop tracking the file.  In practice, this made it too easy to "
"accidentally remove a file without noticing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:198
msgid "Useful shorthand&emdash;adding and removing files in one step"
msgstr "有用的速记—一个步骤添加和删除文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:201
msgid ""
"Mercurial offers a combination command, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"addremove</command>, that adds untracked files and marks missing files as "
"removed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:207
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> command also provides a "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-A</option> option that performs this same add-"
"and-remove, immediately followed by a commit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:217
msgid "Copying files"
msgstr "复制文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:219
msgid ""
"Mercurial provides a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> command that "
"lets you make a new copy of a file.  When you copy a file using this command, "
"Mercurial makes a record of the fact that the new file is a copy of the "
"original file.  It treats these copied files specially when you merge your "
"work with someone else's."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:227
msgid "The results of copying during a merge"
msgstr "合并期间的复制结果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:229
msgid ""
"What happens during a merge is that changes <quote>follow</quote> a copy.  To "
"best illustrate what this means, let's create an example.  We'll start with "
"the usual tiny repository that contains a single file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:236
msgid ""
"We need to do some work in parallel, so that we'll have something to merge.  "
"So let's clone our repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:242
msgid ""
"Back in our initial repository, let's use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"copy</command> command to make a copy of the first file we created."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:248
msgid ""
"If we look at the output of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> "
"command afterwards, the copied file looks just like a normal added file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:254
msgid ""
"But if we pass the <option role=\"hg-opt-status\">-C</option> option to "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command>, it prints another line of "
"output: this is the file that our newly-added file was copied <emphasis>from</"
"emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:262
msgid ""
"Now, back in the repository we cloned, let's make a change in parallel.  "
"We'll add a line of content to the original file that we created."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:268
msgid ""
"Now we have a modified <filename>file</filename> in this repository.  When we "
"pull the changes from the first repository, and merge the two heads, "
"Mercurial will propagate the changes that we made locally to <filename>file</"
"filename> into its copy, <filename>new-file</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:278
msgid "Why should changes follow copies?"
msgstr "为什么复制后需要后续修改?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:280
msgid ""
"This behaviour, of changes to a file propagating out to copies of the file, "
"might seem esoteric, but in most cases it's highly desirable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:284
msgid ""
"First of all, remember that this propagation <emphasis>only</emphasis> "
"happens when you merge.  So if you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> "
"a file, and subsequently modify the original file during the normal course of "
"your work, nothing will happen."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:290
msgid ""
"The second thing to know is that modifications will only propagate across a "
"copy as long as the repository that you're pulling changes from "
"<emphasis>doesn't know</emphasis> about the copy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:295
msgid ""
"The reason that Mercurial does this is as follows.  Let's say I make an "
"important bug fix in a source file, and commit my changes. Meanwhile, you've "
"decided to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> the file in your "
"repository, without knowing about the bug or having seen the fix, and you "
"have started hacking on your copy of the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:302
msgid ""
"If you pulled and merged my changes, and Mercurial <emphasis>didn't</"
"emphasis> propagate changes across copies, your source file would now contain "
"the bug, and unless you remembered to propagate the bug fix by hand, the bug "
"would <emphasis>remain</emphasis> in your copy of the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:308
msgid ""
"By automatically propagating the change that fixed the bug from the original "
"file to the copy, Mercurial prevents this class of problem. To my knowledge, "
"Mercurial is the <emphasis>only</emphasis> revision control system that "
"propagates changes across copies like this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:314
msgid ""
"Once your change history has a record that the copy and subsequent merge "
"occurred, there's usually no further need to propagate changes from the "
"original file to the copied file, and that's why Mercurial only propagates "
"changes across copies until this point, and no further."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:322
msgid "How to make changes <emphasis>not</emphasis> follow a copy"
msgstr "如何让复制后<emphasis>不</emphasis>修改?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:325
msgid ""
"If, for some reason, you decide that this business of automatically "
"propagating changes across copies is not for you, simply use your system's "
"normal file copy command (on Unix-like systems, that's <command>cp</command>) "
"to make a copy of a file, then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> the "
"new copy by hand.  Before you do so, though, please do reread <xref linkend="
"\"sec:daily:why-copy\"/>, and make an informed decision that this behaviour "
"is not appropriate to your specific case."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:338
msgid "Behaviour of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> command"
msgstr "命令 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> 的特性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:341
msgid ""
"When you use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> command, "
"Mercurial makes a copy of each source file as it currently stands in the "
"working directory.  This means that if you make some modifications to a file, "
"then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> it without first having "
"committed those changes, the new copy will also contain the modifications you "
"have made up until that point.  (I find this behaviour a little "
"counterintuitive, which is why I mention it here.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:351
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> command acts similarly to the "
"Unix <command>cp</command> command (you can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg cp</command> alias if you prefer).  The last argument is the "
"<emphasis>destination</emphasis>, and all prior arguments are "
"<emphasis>sources</emphasis>.  If you pass it a single file as the source, "
"and the destination does not exist, it creates a new file with that name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:362
msgid ""
"If the destination is a directory, Mercurial copies its sources into that "
"directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:367
msgid ""
"Copying a directory is recursive, and preserves the directory structure of "
"the source."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:373
msgid ""
"If the source and destination are both directories, the source tree is "
"recreated in the destination directory."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:378
msgid ""
"As with the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command> command, if you copy "
"a file manually and then want Mercurial to know that you've copied the file, "
"simply use the <option role=\"hg-opt-copy\">--after</option> option to "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:389
msgid "Renaming files"
msgstr "改名文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:391
msgid ""
"It's rather more common to need to rename a file than to make a copy of it.  "
"The reason I discussed the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> command "
"before talking about renaming files is that Mercurial treats a rename in "
"essentially the same way as a copy.  Therefore, knowing what Mercurial does "
"when you copy a file tells you what to expect when you rename a file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:399
msgid ""
"When you use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command> command, "
"Mercurial makes a copy of each source file, then deletes it and marks the "
"file as removed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:405
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command shows the newly "
"copied file as added, and the copied-from file as removed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:411
msgid ""
"As with the results of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command>, we must "
"use the <option role=\"hg-opt-status\">-C</option> option to <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> to see that the added file is really being "
"tracked by Mercurial as a copy of the original, now removed, file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:420
msgid ""
"As with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> and <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg copy</command>, you can tell Mercurial about a rename after the fact "
"using the <option role=\"hg-opt-rename\">--after</option> option.  In most "
"other respects, the behaviour of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</"
"command> command, and the options it accepts, are similar to the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:430
msgid "Renaming files and merging changes"
msgstr "改名文件与合并修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:432
msgid ""
"Since Mercurial's rename is implemented as copy-and-remove, the same "
"propagation of changes happens when you merge after a rename as after a copy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:436
msgid ""
"If I modify a file, and you rename it to a new name, and then we merge our "
"respective changes, my modifications to the file under its original name will "
"be propagated into the file under its new name. (This is something you might "
"expect to <quote>simply work,</quote> but not all revision control systems "
"actually do this.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:443
msgid ""
"Whereas having changes follow a copy is a feature where you can perhaps nod "
"and say <quote>yes, that might be useful,</quote> it should be clear that "
"having them follow a rename is definitely important.  Without this facility, "
"it would simply be too easy for changes to become orphaned when files are "
"renamed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:452
msgid "Divergent renames and merging"
msgstr "改名与合并的分歧"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:454
msgid ""
"The case of diverging names occurs when two developers start with a "
"file&emdash;let's call it <filename>foo</filename>&emdash;in their respective "
"repositories."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:461
msgid "Anne renames the file to <filename>bar</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:465
msgid "Meanwhile, Bob renames it to <filename>quux</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:470
msgid ""
"I like to think of this as a conflict because each developer has expressed "
"different intentions about what the file ought to be named."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:474
msgid ""
"What do you think should happen when they merge their work? Mercurial's "
"actual behaviour is that it always preserves <emphasis>both</emphasis> names "
"when it merges changesets that contain divergent renames."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:481
msgid ""
"Notice that Mercurial does warn about the divergent renames, but it leaves it "
"up to you to do something about the divergence after the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:487
msgid "Convergent renames and merging"
msgstr "收敛改名与合并"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:489
msgid ""
"Another kind of rename conflict occurs when two people choose to rename "
"different <emphasis>source</emphasis> files to the same "
"<emphasis>destination</emphasis>. In this case, Mercurial runs its normal "
"merge machinery, and lets you guide it to a suitable resolution."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:497
msgid "Other name-related corner cases"
msgstr "其它名称相关的角落"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:499
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a longstanding bug in which it fails to handle a merge where "
"one side has a file with a given name, while another has a directory with the "
"same name.  This is documented as <ulink role=\"hg-bug\" url=\"http://www."
"selenic.com/mercurial/bts/issue29\">issue 29</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:511
msgid "Recovering from mistakes"
msgstr "从错误恢复"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:513
msgid ""
"Mercurial has some useful commands that will help you to recover from some "
"common mistakes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:516
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> command lets you undo "
"changes that you have made to your working directory.  For example, if you "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> a file by accident, just run "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> with the name of the file you "
"added, and while the file won't be touched in any way, it won't be tracked "
"for adding by Mercurial any longer, either.  You can also use <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> to get rid of erroneous changes to a file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:526
msgid ""
"It's useful to remember that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> "
"command is useful for changes that you have not yet committed.  Once you've "
"committed a change, if you decide it was a mistake, you can still do "
"something about it, though your options may be more limited."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch04-daily.xml:532
msgid ""
"For more information about the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> "
"command, and details about how to deal with changes you have already "
"committed, see <xref linkend=\"chap:undo\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:5
msgid "Collaborating with other people"
msgstr "团体协作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:7
msgid ""
"As a completely decentralised tool, Mercurial doesn't impose any policy on "
"how people ought to work with each other.  However, if you're new to "
"distributed revision control, it helps to have some tools and examples in "
"mind when you're thinking about possible workflow models."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:14
msgid "Mercurial's web interface"
msgstr "Mercurial 的 web 接口"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:16
msgid ""
"Mercurial has a powerful web interface that provides several useful "
"capabilities."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:19
msgid ""
"For interactive use, the web interface lets you browse a single repository or "
"a collection of repositories.  You can view the history of a repository, "
"examine each change (comments and diffs), and view the contents of each "
"directory and file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:24
msgid ""
"Also for human consumption, the web interface provides an RSS feed of the "
"changes in a repository.  This lets you <quote>subscribe</quote> to a "
"repository using your favourite feed reader, and be automatically notified of "
"activity in that repository as soon as it happens.  I find this capability "
"much more convenient than the model of subscribing to a mailing list to which "
"notifications are sent, as it requires no additional configuration on the "
"part of whoever is serving the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:34
msgid ""
"The web interface also lets remote users clone a repository, pull changes "
"from it, and (when the server is configured to permit it) push changes back "
"to it.  Mercurial's HTTP tunneling protocol aggressively compresses data, so "
"that it works efficiently even over low-bandwidth network connections."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:40
msgid ""
"The easiest way to get started with the web interface is to use your web "
"browser to visit an existing repository, such as the master Mercurial "
"repository at <ulink url=\"http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg?style=gitweb"
"\">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg?style=gitweb</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:45
msgid ""
"If you're interested in providing a web interface to your own repositories, "
"Mercurial provides two ways to do this.  The first is using the <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command, which is best suited to short-term "
"<quote>lightweight</quote> serving.  See <xref linkend=\"sec:collab:serve\"/> "
"below for details of how to use this command.  If you have a long-lived "
"repository that you'd like to make permanently available, Mercurial has built-"
"in support for the CGI (Common Gateway Interface) standard, which all common "
"web servers support.  See <xref linkend=\"sec:collab:cgi\"/> for details of "
"CGI configuration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:60
msgid "Collaboration models"
msgstr "协作模型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:62
msgid ""
"With a suitably flexible tool, making decisions about workflow is much more "
"of a social engineering challenge than a technical one. Mercurial imposes few "
"limitations on how you can structure the flow of work in a project, so it's "
"up to you and your group to set up and live with a model that matches your "
"own particular needs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:70
msgid "Factors to keep in mind"
msgstr "要牢记的因素"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:72
msgid ""
"The most important aspect of any model that you must keep in mind is how well "
"it matches the needs and capabilities of the people who will be using it.  "
"This might seem self-evident; even so, you still can't afford to forget it "
"for a moment."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:78
msgid ""
"I once put together a workflow model that seemed to make perfect sense to me, "
"but that caused a considerable amount of consternation and strife within my "
"development team.  In spite of my attempts to explain why we needed a complex "
"set of branches, and how changes ought to flow between them, a few team "
"members revolted.  Even though they were smart people, they didn't want to "
"pay attention to the constraints we were operating under, or face the "
"consequences of those constraints in the details of the model that I was "
"advocating."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:88
msgid ""
"Don't sweep foreseeable social or technical problems under the rug. Whatever "
"scheme you put into effect, you should plan for mistakes and problem "
"scenarios.  Consider adding automated machinery to prevent, or quickly "
"recover from, trouble that you can anticipate.  As an example, if you intend "
"to have a branch with not-for-release changes in it, you'd do well to think "
"early about the possibility that someone might accidentally merge those "
"changes into a release branch.  You could avoid this particular problem by "
"writing a hook that prevents changes from being merged from an inappropriate "
"branch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:102
msgid "Informal anarchy"
msgstr "无政府状态"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:104
msgid ""
"I wouldn't suggest an <quote>anything goes</quote> approach as something "
"sustainable, but it's a model that's easy to grasp, and it works perfectly "
"well in a few unusual situations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:109
msgid ""
"As one example, many projects have a loose-knit group of collaborators who "
"rarely physically meet each other.  Some groups like to overcome the "
"isolation of working at a distance by organising occasional <quote>sprints</"
"quote>.  In a sprint, a number of people get together in a single location (a "
"company's conference room, a hotel meeting room, that kind of place) and "
"spend several days more or less locked in there, hacking intensely on a "
"handful of projects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:118
msgid ""
"A sprint is the perfect place to use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</"
"command> command, since <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> does not "
"require any fancy server infrastructure.  You can get started with <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> in moments, by reading <xref linkend=\"sec:"
"collab:serve\"/> below.  Then simply tell the person next to you that you're "
"running a server, send the URL to them in an instant message, and you "
"immediately have a quick-turnaround way to work together.  They can type your "
"URL into their web browser and quickly review your changes; or they can pull "
"a bugfix from you and verify it; or they can clone a branch containing a new "
"feature and try it out."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:132
msgid ""
"The charm, and the problem, with doing things in an ad hoc fashion like this "
"is that only people who know about your changes, and where they are, can see "
"them.  Such an informal approach simply doesn't scale beyond a handful "
"people, because each individual needs to know about $n$ different "
"repositories to pull from."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:141
msgid "A single central repository"
msgstr "单一中央版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:143
msgid ""
"For smaller projects migrating from a centralised revision control tool, "
"perhaps the easiest way to get started is to have changes flow through a "
"single shared central repository.  This is also the most common "
"<quote>building block</quote> for more ambitious workflow schemes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:149
msgid ""
"Contributors start by cloning a copy of this repository.  They can pull "
"changes from it whenever they need to, and some (perhaps all) developers have "
"permission to push a change back when they're ready for other people to see "
"it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:154
msgid ""
"Under this model, it can still often make sense for people to pull changes "
"directly from each other, without going through the central repository.  "
"Consider a case in which I have a tentative bug fix, but I am worried that if "
"I were to publish it to the central repository, it might subsequently break "
"everyone else's trees as they pull it.  To reduce the potential for damage, I "
"can ask you to clone my repository into a temporary repository of your own "
"and test it.  This lets us put off publishing the potentially unsafe change "
"until it has had a little testing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:165
msgid ""
"In this kind of scenario, people usually use the <command>ssh</command> "
"protocol to securely push changes to the central repository, as documented in "
"<xref linkend=\"sec:collab:ssh\"/>.  It's also usual to publish a read-only "
"copy of the repository over HTTP using CGI, as in <xref linkend=\"sec:collab:"
"cgi\"/>. Publishing over HTTP satisfies the needs of people who don't have "
"push access, and those who want to use web browsers to browse the "
"repository's history."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:177
msgid "Working with multiple branches"
msgstr "使用多个分支工作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:179
msgid ""
"Projects of any significant size naturally tend to make progress on several "
"fronts simultaneously.  In the case of software, it's common for a project to "
"go through periodic official releases.  A release might then go into "
"<quote>maintenance mode</quote> for a while after its first publication; "
"maintenance releases tend to contain only bug fixes, not new features.  In "
"parallel with these maintenance releases, one or more future releases may be "
"under development.  People normally use the word <quote>branch</quote> to "
"refer to one of these many slightly different directions in which development "
"is proceeding."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:192
msgid ""
"Mercurial is particularly well suited to managing a number of simultaneous, "
"but not identical, branches.  Each <quote>development direction</quote> can "
"live in its own central repository, and you can merge changes from one to "
"another as the need arises.  Because repositories are independent of each "
"other, unstable changes in a development branch will never affect a stable "
"branch unless someone explicitly merges those changes in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:201
msgid ""
"Here's an example of how this can work in practice.  Let's say you have one "
"<quote>main branch</quote> on a central server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:207
msgid "People clone it, make changes locally, test them, and push them back."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:210
msgid ""
"Once the main branch reaches a release milestone, you can use the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tag</command> command to give a permanent name to the "
"milestone revision."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:216
msgid "Let's say some ongoing development occurs on the main branch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:221
msgid ""
"Using the tag that was recorded at the milestone, people who clone that "
"repository at any time in the future can use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"update</command> to get a copy of the working directory exactly as it was "
"when that tagged revision was committed."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:229
msgid ""
"In addition, immediately after the main branch is tagged, someone can then "
"clone the main branch on the server to a new <quote>stable</quote> branch, "
"also on the server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:235
msgid ""
"Someone who needs to make a change to the stable branch can then clone "
"<emphasis>that</emphasis> repository, make their changes, commit, and push "
"their changes back there."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:241
msgid ""
"Because Mercurial repositories are independent, and Mercurial doesn't move "
"changes around automatically, the stable and main branches are "
"<emphasis>isolated</emphasis> from each other.  The changes that you made on "
"the main branch don't <quote>leak</quote> to the stable branch, and vice "
"versa."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:248
msgid ""
"You'll often want all of your bugfixes on the stable branch to show up on the "
"main branch, too.  Rather than rewrite a bugfix on the main branch, you can "
"simply pull and merge changes from the stable to the main branch, and "
"Mercurial will bring those bugfixes in for you."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:256
msgid ""
"The main branch will still contain changes that are not on the stable branch, "
"but it will also contain all of the bugfixes from the stable branch.  The "
"stable branch remains unaffected by these changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:263 ../en/ch05-collab.xml:273
msgid "Feature branches"
msgstr "特性分支"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:265
msgid ""
"For larger projects, an effective way to manage change is to break up a team "
"into smaller groups.  Each group has a shared branch of its own, cloned from "
"a single <quote>master</quote> branch used by the entire project.  People "
"working on an individual branch are typically quite isolated from "
"developments on other branches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:275
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata width=\"100%\" fileref=\"figs/feature-branches.png\"/"
"></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:280
msgid ""
"When a particular feature is deemed to be in suitable shape, someone on that "
"feature team pulls and merges from the master branch into the feature branch, "
"then pushes back up to the master branch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:287
msgid "The release train"
msgstr "发布列车"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:289
msgid ""
"Some projects are organised on a <quote>train</quote> basis: a release is "
"scheduled to happen every few months, and whatever features are ready when "
"the <quote>train</quote> is ready to leave are allowed in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:294
msgid ""
"This model resembles working with feature branches.  The difference is that "
"when a feature branch misses a train, someone on the feature team pulls and "
"merges the changes that went out on that train release into the feature "
"branch, and the team continues its work on top of that release so that their "
"feature can make the next release."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:303
msgid "The Linux kernel model"
msgstr "Linux 内核模型"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:305
msgid ""
"The development of the Linux kernel has a shallow hierarchical structure, "
"surrounded by a cloud of apparent chaos.  Because most Linux developers use "
"<command>git</command>, a distributed revision control tool with capabilities "
"similar to Mercurial, it's useful to describe the way work flows in that "
"environment; if you like the ideas, the approach translates well across tools."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:313
msgid ""
"At the center of the community sits Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux.  He "
"publishes a single source repository that is considered the "
"<quote>authoritative</quote> current tree by the entire developer community. "
"Anyone can clone Linus's tree, but he is very choosy about whose trees he "
"pulls from."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:320
msgid ""
"Linus has a number of <quote>trusted lieutenants</quote>.  As a general rule, "
"he pulls whatever changes they publish, in most cases without even reviewing "
"those changes.  Some of those lieutenants are generally agreed to be "
"<quote>maintainers</quote>, responsible for specific subsystems within the "
"kernel.  If a random kernel hacker wants to make a change to a subsystem that "
"they want to end up in Linus's tree, they must find out who the subsystem's "
"maintainer is, and ask that maintainer to take their change.  If the "
"maintainer reviews their changes and agrees to take them, they'll pass them "
"along to Linus in due course."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:332
msgid ""
"Individual lieutenants have their own approaches to reviewing, accepting, and "
"publishing changes; and for deciding when to feed them to Linus.  In "
"addition, there are several well known branches that people use for different "
"purposes.  For example, a few people maintain <quote>stable</quote> "
"repositories of older versions of the kernel, to which they apply critical "
"fixes as needed.  Some maintainers publish multiple trees: one for "
"experimental changes; one for changes that they are about to feed upstream; "
"and so on.  Others just publish a single tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:343
msgid ""
"This model has two notable features.  The first is that it's <quote>pull "
"only</quote>.  You have to ask, convince, or beg another developer to take a "
"change from you, because there are almost no trees to which more than one "
"person can push, and there's no way to push changes into a tree that someone "
"else controls."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:350
msgid ""
"The second is that it's based on reputation and acclaim.  If you're an "
"unknown, Linus will probably ignore changes from you without even "
"responding.  But a subsystem maintainer will probably review them, and will "
"likely take them if they pass their criteria for suitability. The more "
"<quote>good</quote> changes you contribute to a maintainer, the more likely "
"they are to trust your judgment and accept your changes.  If you're well-"
"known and maintain a long-lived branch for something Linus hasn't yet "
"accepted, people with similar interests may pull your changes regularly to "
"keep up with your work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:361
msgid ""
"Reputation and acclaim don't necessarily cross subsystem or <quote>people</"
"quote> boundaries.  If you're a respected but specialised storage hacker, and "
"you try to fix a networking bug, that change will receive a level of scrutiny "
"from a network maintainer comparable to a change from a complete stranger."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:368
msgid ""
"To people who come from more orderly project backgrounds, the comparatively "
"chaotic Linux kernel development process often seems completely insane.  It's "
"subject to the whims of individuals; people make sweeping changes whenever "
"they deem it appropriate; and the pace of development is astounding.  And yet "
"Linux is a highly successful, well-regarded piece of software."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:378
msgid "Pull-only versus shared-push collaboration"
msgstr "只读与共享写协作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:380
msgid ""
"A perpetual source of heat in the open source community is whether a "
"development model in which people only ever pull changes from others is "
"<quote>better than</quote> one in which multiple people can push changes to a "
"shared repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:386
msgid ""
"Typically, the backers of the shared-push model use tools that actively "
"enforce this approach.  If you're using a centralised revision control tool "
"such as Subversion, there's no way to make a choice over which model you'll "
"use: the tool gives you shared-push, and if you want to do anything else, "
"you'll have to roll your own approach on top (such as applying a patch by "
"hand)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:394
msgid ""
"A good distributed revision control tool, such as Mercurial, will support "
"both models.  You and your collaborators can then structure how you work "
"together based on your own needs and preferences, not on what contortions "
"your tools force you into."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:402
msgid "Where collaboration meets branch management"
msgstr "协作与分支管理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:404
msgid ""
"Once you and your team set up some shared repositories and start propagating "
"changes back and forth between local and shared repos, you begin to face a "
"related, but slightly different challenge: that of managing the multiple "
"directions in which your team may be moving at once.  Even though this "
"subject is intimately related to how your team collaborates, it's dense "
"enough to merit treatment of its own, in <xref linkend=\"chap:branch\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:416
msgid "The technical side of sharing"
msgstr "共享的技术因素"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:418
msgid ""
"The remainder of this chapter is devoted to the question of serving data to "
"your collaborators."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:423
msgid "Informal sharing with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command>"
msgstr "使用 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> 进行非正式共享"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:426
msgid ""
"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command is "
"wonderfully suited to small, tight-knit, and fast-paced group environments.  "
"It also provides a great way to get a feel for using Mercurial commands over "
"a network."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:431
msgid ""
"Run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> inside a repository, and in "
"under a second it will bring up a specialised HTTP server; this will accept "
"connections from any client, and serve up data for that repository until you "
"terminate it.  Anyone who knows the URL of the server you just started, and "
"can talk to your computer over the network, can then use a web browser or "
"Mercurial to read data from that repository.  A URL for a <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg serve</command> instance running on a laptop is likely to look "
"something like <literal>http://my-laptop.local:8000/</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:442
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command is <emphasis>not</"
"emphasis> a general-purpose web server. It can do only two things:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:446
msgid ""
"Allow people to browse the history of the repository it's serving, from their "
"normal web browsers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:450
msgid ""
"Speak Mercurial's wire protocol, so that people can <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg clone</command> or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> changes "
"from that repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:455
msgid ""
"In particular, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> won't allow remote "
"users to <emphasis>modify</emphasis> your repository.  It's intended for read-"
"only use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:459
msgid ""
"If you're getting started with Mercurial, there's nothing to prevent you from "
"using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> to serve up a repository on "
"your own computer, then use commands like <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</"
"command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command>, and so on to talk "
"to that server as if the repository was hosted remotely. This can help you to "
"quickly get acquainted with using commands on network-hosted repositories."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:469
msgid "A few things to keep in mind"
msgstr "要牢记的几件事"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:471
msgid ""
"Because it provides unauthenticated read access to all clients, you should "
"only use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> in an environment where "
"you either don't care, or have complete control over, who can access your "
"network and pull data from your repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:477
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command knows nothing about "
"any firewall software you might have installed on your system or network.  It "
"cannot detect or control your firewall software.  If other people are unable "
"to talk to a running <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> instance, "
"the second thing you should do (<emphasis>after</emphasis> you make sure that "
"they're using the correct URL) is check your firewall configuration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:486
msgid ""
"By default, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> listens for incoming "
"connections on port 8000.  If another process is already listening on the "
"port you want to use, you can specify a different port to listen on using the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-serve\">-p</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:492
msgid ""
"Normally, when <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> starts, it prints "
"no output, which can be a bit unnerving.  If you'd like to confirm that it is "
"indeed running correctly, and find out what URL you should send to your "
"collaborators, start it with the <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> "
"option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:502
msgid "Using the Secure Shell (ssh) protocol"
msgstr "使用 ssh 协议"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:504
msgid ""
"You can pull and push changes securely over a network connection using the "
"Secure Shell (<literal>ssh</literal>)  protocol.  To use this successfully, "
"you may have to do a little bit of configuration on the client or server "
"sides."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:509
msgid ""
"If you're not familiar with ssh, it's a network protocol that lets you "
"securely communicate with another computer.  To use it with Mercurial, you'll "
"be setting up one or more user accounts on a server so that remote users can "
"log in and execute commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:515
msgid ""
"(If you <emphasis>are</emphasis> familiar with ssh, you'll probably find some "
"of the material that follows to be elementary in nature.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:520
msgid "How to read and write ssh URLs"
msgstr "如何读写 ssh 路径"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:522
msgid "An ssh URL tends to look like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:525
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>ssh://</literal></quote> part tells Mercurial to use the "
"ssh protocol."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:528
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>bos@</literal></quote> component indicates what username "
"to log into the server as.  You can leave this out if the remote username is "
"the same as your local username."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:533
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>hg.serpentine.com</literal></quote> gives the hostname of "
"the server to log into."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:537
msgid ""
"The <quote>:22</quote> identifies the port number to connect to the server "
"on.  The default port is 22, so you only need to specify a colon and port "
"number if you're <emphasis>not</emphasis> using port 22."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:542
msgid ""
"The remainder of the URL is the local path to the repository on the server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:546
msgid ""
"There's plenty of scope for confusion with the path component of ssh URLs, as "
"there is no standard way for tools to interpret it.  Some programs behave "
"differently than others when dealing with these paths. This isn't an ideal "
"situation, but it's unlikely to change.  Please read the following paragraphs "
"carefully."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:553
msgid ""
"Mercurial treats the path to a repository on the server as relative to the "
"remote user's home directory.  For example, if user <literal>foo</literal> on "
"the server has a home directory of <filename class=\"directory\">/home/foo</"
"filename>, then an ssh URL that contains a path component of <filename class="
"\"directory\">bar</filename> <emphasis>really</emphasis> refers to the "
"directory <filename class=\"directory\">/home/foo/bar</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:562
msgid ""
"If you want to specify a path relative to another user's home directory, you "
"can use a path that starts with a tilde character followed by the user's name "
"(let's call them <literal>otheruser</literal>), like this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:568
msgid ""
"And if you really want to specify an <emphasis>absolute</emphasis> path on "
"the server, begin the path component with two slashes, as in this example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:575
msgid "Finding an ssh client for your system"
msgstr "为你的系统寻找 ssh 客户端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:577
msgid ""
"Almost every Unix-like system comes with OpenSSH preinstalled.  If you're "
"using such a system, run <literal>which ssh</literal> to find out if the "
"<command>ssh</command> command is installed (it's usually in <filename class="
"\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>).  In the unlikely event that it isn't "
"present, take a look at your system documentation to figure out how to "
"install it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:585
msgid ""
"On Windows, you'll first need to download a suitable ssh client.  There are "
"two alternatives."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:588
msgid ""
"Simon Tatham's excellent PuTTY package <citation>web:putty</citation> "
"provides a complete suite of ssh client commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:592
msgid ""
"If you have a high tolerance for pain, you can use the Cygwin port of OpenSSH."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:595
msgid ""
"In either case, you'll need to edit your <filename role=\"special\">hg.ini</"
"filename> file to tell Mercurial where to find the actual client command.  "
"For example, if you're using PuTTY, you'll need to use the <command>plink</"
"command> command as a command-line ssh client."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:605
msgid ""
"The path to <command>plink</command> shouldn't contain any whitespace "
"characters, or Mercurial may not be able to run it correctly (so putting it "
"in <filename class=\"directory\">C:\\Program Files</filename> is probably not "
"a good idea)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:614
msgid "Generating a key pair"
msgstr "产生密钥对"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:616
msgid ""
"To avoid the need to repetitively type a password every time you need to use "
"your ssh client, I recommend generating a key pair.  On a Unix-like system, "
"the <command>ssh-keygen</command> command will do the trick. On Windows, if "
"you're using PuTTY, the <command>puttygen</command> command is what you'll "
"need."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:624
msgid ""
"When you generate a key pair, it's usually <emphasis>highly</emphasis> "
"advisable to protect it with a passphrase.  (The only time that you might not "
"want to do this is when you're using the ssh protocol for automated tasks on "
"a secure network.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:630
msgid ""
"Simply generating a key pair isn't enough, however.  You'll need to add the "
"public key to the set of authorised keys for whatever user you're logging in "
"remotely as.  For servers using OpenSSH (the vast majority), this will mean "
"adding the public key to a list in a file called <filename role=\"special"
"\">authorized_keys</filename> in their <filename role=\"special\" class="
"\"directory\">.ssh</filename> directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:639
msgid ""
"On a Unix-like system, your public key will have a <filename>.pub</filename> "
"extension.  If you're using <command>puttygen</command> on Windows, you can "
"save the public key to a file of your choosing, or paste it from the window "
"it's displayed in straight into the <filename role=\"special"
"\">authorized_keys</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:648
msgid "Using an authentication agent"
msgstr "使用认证代理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:650
msgid ""
"An authentication agent is a daemon that stores passphrases in memory (so it "
"will forget passphrases if you log out and log back in again). An ssh client "
"will notice if it's running, and query it for a passphrase.  If there's no "
"authentication agent running, or the agent doesn't store the necessary "
"passphrase, you'll have to type your passphrase every time Mercurial tries to "
"communicate with a server on your behalf (e.g. whenever you pull or push "
"changes)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:659
msgid ""
"The downside of storing passphrases in an agent is that it's possible for a "
"well-prepared attacker to recover the plain text of your passphrases, in some "
"cases even if your system has been power-cycled. You should make your own "
"judgment as to whether this is an acceptable risk.  It certainly saves a lot "
"of repeated typing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:666
msgid ""
"On Unix-like systems, the agent is called <command>ssh-agent</command>, and "
"it's often run automatically for you when you log in.  You'll need to use the "
"<command>ssh-add</command> command to add passphrases to the agent's store.  "
"On Windows, if you're using PuTTY, the <command>pageant</command> command "
"acts as the agent.  It adds an icon to your system tray that will let you "
"manage stored passphrases."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:677
msgid "Configuring the server side properly"
msgstr "正确配置服务器端"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:679
msgid ""
"Because ssh can be fiddly to set up if you're new to it, there's a variety of "
"things that can go wrong.  Add Mercurial on top, and there's plenty more "
"scope for head-scratching.  Most of these potential problems occur on the "
"server side, not the client side.  The good news is that once you've gotten a "
"configuration working, it will usually continue to work indefinitely."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:687
msgid ""
"Before you try using Mercurial to talk to an ssh server, it's best to make "
"sure that you can use the normal <command>ssh</command> or <command>putty</"
"command> command to talk to the server first.  If you run into problems with "
"using these commands directly, Mercurial surely won't work.  Worse, it will "
"obscure the underlying problem.  Any time you want to debug ssh-related "
"Mercurial problems, you should drop back to making sure that plain ssh client "
"commands work first, <emphasis>before</emphasis> you worry about whether "
"there's a problem with Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:698
msgid ""
"The first thing to be sure of on the server side is that you can actually log "
"in from another machine at all.  If you can't use <command>ssh</command> or "
"<command>putty</command> to log in, the error message you get may give you a "
"few hints as to what's wrong.  The most common problems are as follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:705
msgid ""
"If you get a <quote>connection refused</quote> error, either there isn't an "
"SSH daemon running on the server at all, or it's inaccessible due to firewall "
"configuration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:710
msgid ""
"If you get a <quote>no route to host</quote> error, you either have an "
"incorrect address for the server or a seriously locked down firewall that "
"won't admit its existence at all."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:715
msgid ""
"If you get a <quote>permission denied</quote> error, you may have mistyped "
"the username on the server, or you could have mistyped your key's passphrase "
"or the remote user's password."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:720
msgid ""
"In summary, if you're having trouble talking to the server's ssh daemon, "
"first make sure that one is running at all.  On many systems it will be "
"installed, but disabled, by default.  Once you're done with this step, you "
"should then check that the server's firewall is configured to allow incoming "
"connections on the port the ssh daemon is listening on (usually 22).  Don't "
"worry about more exotic possibilities for misconfiguration until you've "
"checked these two first."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:730
msgid ""
"If you're using an authentication agent on the client side to store "
"passphrases for your keys, you ought to be able to log into the server "
"without being prompted for a passphrase or a password.  If you're prompted "
"for a passphrase, there are a few possible culprits."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:736
msgid ""
"You might have forgotten to use <command>ssh-add</command> or "
"<command>pageant</command> to store the passphrase."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:740
msgid "You might have stored the passphrase for the wrong key."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:743
msgid ""
"If you're being prompted for the remote user's password, there are another "
"few possible problems to check."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:746
msgid ""
"Either the user's home directory or their <filename role=\"special\" class="
"\"directory\">.ssh</filename> directory might have excessively liberal "
"permissions.  As a result, the ssh daemon will not trust or read their "
"<filename role=\"special\">authorized_keys</filename> file.  For example, a "
"group-writable home or <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.ssh</"
"filename> directory will often cause this symptom."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:755
msgid ""
"The user's <filename role=\"special\">authorized_keys</filename> file may "
"have a problem. If anyone other than the user owns or can write to that file, "
"the ssh daemon will not trust or read it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:762
msgid ""
"In the ideal world, you should be able to run the following command "
"successfully, and it should print exactly one line of output, the current "
"date and time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:767
msgid ""
"If, on your server, you have login scripts that print banners or other junk "
"even when running non-interactive commands like this, you should fix them "
"before you continue, so that they only print output if they're run "
"interactively.  Otherwise these banners will at least clutter up Mercurial's "
"output.  Worse, they could potentially cause problems with running Mercurial "
"commands remotely.  Mercurial makes tries to detect and ignore banners in non-"
"interactive <command>ssh</command> sessions, but it is not foolproof.  (If "
"you're editing your login scripts on your server, the usual way to see if a "
"login script is running in an interactive shell is to check the return code "
"from the command <literal>tty -s</literal>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:781
msgid ""
"Once you've verified that plain old ssh is working with your server, the next "
"step is to ensure that Mercurial runs on the server.  The following command "
"should run successfully:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:788
msgid ""
"If you see an error message instead of normal <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"version</command> output, this is usually because you haven't installed "
"Mercurial to <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>.  Don't worry "
"if this is the case; you don't need to do that.  But you should check for a "
"few possible problems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:795
msgid ""
"Is Mercurial really installed on the server at all? I know this sounds "
"trivial, but it's worth checking!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:799
msgid ""
"Maybe your shell's search path (usually set via the <envar>PATH</envar> "
"environment variable) is simply misconfigured."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:803
msgid ""
"Perhaps your <envar>PATH</envar> environment variable is only being set to "
"point to the location of the <command>hg</command> executable if the login "
"session is interactive.  This can happen if you're setting the path in the "
"wrong shell login script.  See your shell's documentation for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:810
msgid ""
"The <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> environment variable may need to contain the "
"path to the Mercurial Python modules.  It might not be set at all; it could "
"be incorrect; or it may be set only if the login is interactive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:817
msgid ""
"If you can run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg version</command> over an ssh "
"connection, well done! You've got the server and client sorted out.  You "
"should now be able to use Mercurial to access repositories hosted by that "
"username on that server.  If you run into problems with Mercurial and ssh at "
"this point, try using the <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--debug</option> "
"option to get a clearer picture of what's going on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:827
msgid "Using compression with ssh"
msgstr "通过 ssh 使用压缩"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:829
msgid ""
"Mercurial does not compress data when it uses the ssh protocol, because the "
"ssh protocol can transparently compress data.  However, the default behaviour "
"of ssh clients is <emphasis>not</emphasis> to request compression."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:834
msgid ""
"Over any network other than a fast LAN (even a wireless network), using "
"compression is likely to significantly speed up Mercurial's network "
"operations.  For example, over a WAN, someone measured compression as "
"reducing the amount of time required to clone a particularly large repository "
"from 51 minutes to 17 minutes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:841
msgid ""
"Both <command>ssh</command> and <command>plink</command> accept a <option "
"role=\"cmd-opt-ssh\">-C</option> option which turns on compression.  You can "
"easily edit your <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> to enable "
"compression for all of Mercurial's uses of the ssh protocol."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:849
msgid ""
"If you use <command>ssh</command>, you can configure it to always use "
"compression when talking to your server.  To do this, edit your <filename "
"role=\"special\">.ssh/config</filename> file (which may not yet exist), as "
"follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:857
msgid ""
"This defines an alias, <literal>hg</literal>.  When you use it on the "
"<command>ssh</command> command line or in a Mercurial <literal>ssh</literal>-"
"protocol URL, it will cause <command>ssh</command> to connect to <literal>hg."
"example.com</literal> and use compression.  This gives you both a shorter "
"name to type and compression, each of which is a good thing in its own right."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:868
msgid "Serving over HTTP using CGI"
msgstr "使用 CGI 通过 HTTP 提供服务"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:870
msgid ""
"Depending on how ambitious you are, configuring Mercurial's CGI interface can "
"take anything from a few moments to several hours."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:874
msgid ""
"We'll begin with the simplest of examples, and work our way towards a more "
"complex configuration.  Even for the most basic case, you're almost certainly "
"going to need to read and modify your web server's configuration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:880
msgid ""
"Configuring a web server is a complex, fiddly, and highly system-dependent "
"activity.  I can't possibly give you instructions that will cover anything "
"like all of the cases you will encounter. Please use your discretion and "
"judgment in following the sections below.  Be prepared to make plenty of "
"mistakes, and to spend a lot of time reading your server's error logs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:890
msgid "Web server configuration checklist"
msgstr "Web 服务器配置检查表"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:892
msgid ""
"Before you continue, do take a few moments to check a few aspects of your "
"system's setup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:896
msgid ""
"Do you have a web server installed at all? Mac OS X ships with Apache, but "
"many other systems may not have a web server installed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:900
msgid ""
"If you have a web server installed, is it actually running? On most systems, "
"even if one is present, it will be disabled by default."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:904
msgid ""
"Is your server configured to allow you to run CGI programs in the directory "
"where you plan to do so? Most servers default to explicitly disabling the "
"ability to run CGI programs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:910
msgid ""
"If you don't have a web server installed, and don't have substantial "
"experience configuring Apache, you should consider using the "
"<literal>lighttpd</literal> web server instead of Apache.  Apache has a well-"
"deserved reputation for baroque and confusing configuration. While "
"<literal>lighttpd</literal> is less capable in some ways than Apache, most of "
"these capabilities are not relevant to serving Mercurial repositories.  And "
"<literal>lighttpd</literal> is undeniably <emphasis>much</emphasis> easier to "
"get started with than Apache."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:923
msgid "Basic CGI configuration"
msgstr "基本 CGI 配置"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:925
msgid ""
"On Unix-like systems, it's common for users to have a subdirectory named "
"something like <filename class=\"directory\">public_html</filename> in their "
"home directory, from which they can serve up web pages.  A file named "
"<filename>foo</filename> in this directory will be accessible at a URL of the "
"form <literal>http://www.example.com/username/foo</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:933
msgid ""
"To get started, find the <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> "
"script that should be present in your Mercurial installation.  If you can't "
"quickly find a local copy on your system, simply download one from the master "
"Mercurial repository at <ulink url=\"http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/"
"tip/hgweb.cgi\">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgweb.cgi</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:940 ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1109
msgid ""
"You'll need to copy this script into your <filename class=\"directory"
"\">public_html</filename> directory, and ensure that it's executable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:945
msgid ""
"The <literal>755</literal> argument to <command>chmod</command> is a little "
"more general than just making the script executable: it ensures that the "
"script is executable by anyone, and that <quote>group</quote> and "
"<quote>other</quote> write permissions are <emphasis>not</emphasis> set.  If "
"you were to leave those write permissions enabled, Apache's <literal>suexec</"
"literal> subsystem would likely refuse to execute the script.  In fact, "
"<literal>suexec</literal> also insists that the <emphasis>directory</"
"emphasis> in which the script resides must not be writable by others."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:959
msgid "What could <emphasis>possibly</emphasis> go wrong?"
msgstr "什么<emphasis>可能</emphasis>会出错?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:962
msgid ""
"Once you've copied the CGI script into place, go into a web browser, and try "
"to open the URL <ulink url=\"http://myhostname/ myuser/hgweb.cgi\">http://"
"myhostname/ myuser/hgweb.cgi</ulink>, <emphasis>but</emphasis> brace yourself "
"for instant failure.  There's a high probability that trying to visit this "
"URL will fail, and there are many possible reasons for this.  In fact, you're "
"likely to stumble over almost every one of the possible errors below, so "
"please read carefully.  The following are all of the problems I ran into on a "
"system running Fedora 7, with a fresh installation of Apache, and a user "
"account that I created specially to perform this exercise."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:976
msgid ""
"Your web server may have per-user directories disabled.  If you're using "
"Apache, search your config file for a <literal>UserDir</literal> directive.  "
"If there's none present, per-user directories will be disabled.  If one "
"exists, but its value is <literal>disabled</literal>, then per-user "
"directories will be disabled.  Otherwise, the string after <literal>UserDir</"
"literal> gives the name of the subdirectory that Apache will look in under "
"your home directory, for example <filename class=\"directory\">public_html</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:987
msgid ""
"Your file access permissions may be too restrictive.  The web server must be "
"able to traverse your home directory and directories under your <filename "
"class=\"directory\">public_html</filename> directory, and read files under "
"the latter too.  Here's a quick recipe to help you to make your permissions "
"more appropriate."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:997
msgid ""
"The other possibility with permissions is that you might get a completely "
"empty window when you try to load the script.  In this case, it's likely that "
"your access permissions are <emphasis>too permissive</emphasis>.  Apache's "
"<literal>suexec</literal> subsystem won't execute a script that's group- or "
"world-writable, for example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1004
msgid ""
"Your web server may be configured to disallow execution of CGI programs in "
"your per-user web directory.  Here's Apache's default per-user configuration "
"from my Fedora system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1011
msgid ""
"If you find a similar-looking <literal>Directory</literal> group in your "
"Apache configuration, the directive to look at inside it is <literal>Options</"
"literal>. Add <literal>ExecCGI</literal> to the end of this list if it's "
"missing, and restart the web server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1018
msgid ""
"If you find that Apache serves you the text of the CGI script instead of "
"executing it, you may need to either uncomment (if already present) or add a "
"directive like this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1024
msgid ""
"The next possibility is that you might be served with a colourful Python "
"backtrace claiming that it can't import a <literal>mercurial</literal>-"
"related module.  This is actually progress! The server is now capable of "
"executing your CGI script.  This error is only likely to occur if you're "
"running a private installation of Mercurial, instead of a system-wide "
"version.  Remember that the web server runs the CGI program without any of "
"the environment variables that you take for granted in an interactive "
"session.  If this error happens to you, edit your copy of <filename role="
"\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> and follow the directions inside it to "
"correctly set your <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> environment variable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1038
msgid ""
"Finally, you are <emphasis>certain</emphasis> to by served with another "
"colourful Python backtrace: this one will complain that it can't find "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/path/to/repository</filename>.  Edit your "
"<filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> script and replace the "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/path/to/repository</filename> string with the "
"complete path to the repository you want to serve up."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1048
msgid ""
"At this point, when you try to reload the page, you should be presented with "
"a nice HTML view of your repository's history.  Whew!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1054
msgid "Configuring lighttpd"
msgstr "配置 lighttpd"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1056
msgid ""
"To be exhaustive in my experiments, I tried configuring the increasingly "
"popular <literal>lighttpd</literal> web server to serve the same repository "
"as I described with Apache above.  I had already overcome all of the problems "
"I outlined with Apache, many of which are not server-specific.  As a result, "
"I was fairly sure that my file and directory permissions were good, and that "
"my <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> script was properly edited."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1066
msgid ""
"Once I had Apache running, getting <literal>lighttpd</literal> to serve the "
"repository was a snap (in other words, even if you're trying to use "
"<literal>lighttpd</literal>, you should read the Apache section).  I first "
"had to edit the <literal>mod_access</literal> section of its config file to "
"enable <literal>mod_cgi</literal> and <literal>mod_userdir</literal>, both of "
"which were disabled by default on my system.  I then added a few lines to the "
"end of the config file, to configure these modules."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1078
msgid ""
"With this done, <literal>lighttpd</literal> ran immediately for me.  If I had "
"configured <literal>lighttpd</literal> before Apache, I'd almost certainly "
"have run into many of the same system-level configuration problems as I did "
"with Apache.  However, I found <literal>lighttpd</literal> to be noticeably "
"easier to configure than Apache, even though I've used Apache for over a "
"decade, and this was my first exposure to <literal>lighttpd</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1091
msgid "Sharing multiple repositories with one CGI script"
msgstr "使用一个 CGI 脚本共享多个版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1093
msgid ""
"The <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> script only lets you "
"publish a single repository, which is an annoying restriction.  If you want "
"to publish more than one without wracking yourself with multiple copies of "
"the same script, each with different names, a better choice is to use the "
"<filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1101
msgid ""
"The procedure to configure <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> "
"is only a little more involved than for <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</"
"filename>.  First, you must obtain a copy of the script.  If you don't have "
"one handy, you can download a copy from the master Mercurial repository at "
"<ulink url=\"http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi"
"\">http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1116
msgid ""
"With basic configuration out of the way, try to visit <ulink url=\"http://"
"myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi\">http://myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi</"
"ulink> in your browser.  It should display an empty list of repositories.  If "
"you get a blank window or error message, try walking through the list of "
"potential problems in <xref linkend=\"sec:collab:wtf\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1125
msgid ""
"The <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script relies on an "
"external configuration file.  By default, it searches for a file named "
"<filename role=\"special\">hgweb.config</filename> in the same directory as "
"itself.  You'll need to create this file, and make it world-readable.  The "
"format of the file is similar to a Windows <quote>ini</quote> file, as "
"understood by Python's <literal>ConfigParser</literal> <citation>web:"
"configparser</citation> module."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1135
msgid ""
"The easiest way to configure <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</"
"filename> is with a section named <literal>collections</literal>.  This will "
"automatically publish <emphasis>every</emphasis> repository under the "
"directories you name.  The section should look like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1143
msgid ""
"Mercurial interprets this by looking at the directory name on the "
"<emphasis>right</emphasis> hand side of the <quote><literal>=</literal></"
"quote> sign; finding repositories in that directory hierarchy; and using the "
"text on the <emphasis>left</emphasis> to strip off matching text from the "
"names it will actually list in the web interface.  The remaining component of "
"a path after this stripping has occurred is called a <quote>virtual path</"
"quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1152
msgid ""
"Given the example above, if we have a repository whose local path is "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/my/root/this/repo</filename>, the CGI script "
"will strip the leading <filename class=\"directory\">/my/root</filename> from "
"the name, and publish the repository with a virtual path of <filename class="
"\"directory\">this/repo</filename>.  If the base URL for our CGI script is "
"<ulink url=\"http://myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi\">http://myhostname/ "
"myuser/hgwebdir.cgi</ulink>, the complete URL for that repository will be "
"<ulink url=\"http://myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo\">http://"
"myhostname/ myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo</ulink>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1166
msgid ""
"If we replace <filename class=\"directory\">/my/root</filename> on the left "
"hand side of this example with <filename class=\"directory\">/my</filename>, "
"then <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> will only strip off "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/my</filename> from the repository name, and "
"will give us a virtual path of <filename class=\"directory\">root/this/repo</"
"filename> instead of <filename class=\"directory\">this/repo</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1176
msgid ""
"The <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script will "
"recursively search each directory listed in the <literal>collections</"
"literal> section of its configuration file, but it will <literal>not</"
"literal> recurse into the repositories it finds."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1182
msgid ""
"The <literal>collections</literal> mechanism makes it easy to publish many "
"repositories in a <quote>fire and forget</quote> manner.  You only need to "
"set up the CGI script and configuration file one time.  Afterwards, you can "
"publish or unpublish a repository at any time by simply moving it into, or "
"out of, the directory hierarchy in which you've configured <filename role="
"\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> to look."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1192
msgid "Explicitly specifying which repositories to publish"
msgstr "明确指出要发布的版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1195
msgid ""
"In addition to the <literal>collections</literal> mechanism, the <filename "
"role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> script allows you to publish a "
"specific list of repositories.  To do so, create a <literal>paths</literal> "
"section, with contents of the following form."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1204
msgid ""
"In this case, the virtual path (the component that will appear in a URL) is "
"on the left hand side of each definition, while the path to the repository is "
"on the right.  Notice that there does not need to be any relationship between "
"the virtual path you choose and the location of a repository in your "
"filesystem."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1211
msgid ""
"If you wish, you can use both the <literal>collections</literal> and "
"<literal>paths</literal> mechanisms simultaneously in a single configuration "
"file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1217
msgid ""
"If multiple repositories have the same virtual path, <filename role=\"special"
"\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> will not report an error.  Instead, it will behave "
"unpredictably."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1226
msgid "Downloading source archives"
msgstr "下载源代码档案包"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1228
msgid ""
"Mercurial's web interface lets users download an archive of any revision.  "
"This archive will contain a snapshot of the working directory as of that "
"revision, but it will not contain a copy of the repository data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1233
msgid ""
"By default, this feature is not enabled.  To enable it, you'll need to add an "
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">allow_archive</envar> item to the <literal role="
"\"rc-web\">web</literal> section of your <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1241
msgid "Web configuration options"
msgstr "Web 配置选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1243
msgid ""
"Mercurial's web interfaces (the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> "
"command, and the <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.cgi</filename> and "
"<filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename> scripts) have a number of "
"configuration options that you can set.  These belong in a section named "
"<literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1251
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">allow_archive</envar>: Determines which (if any) "
"archive download mechanisms Mercurial supports.  If you enable this feature, "
"users of the web interface will be able to download an archive of whatever "
"revision of a repository they are viewing. To enable the archive feature, "
"this item must take the form of a sequence of words drawn from the list below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1260
msgid ""
"<literal>bz2</literal>: A <command>tar</command> archive, compressed using "
"<literal>bzip2</literal> compression.  This has the best compression ratio, "
"but uses the most CPU time on the server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1266
msgid ""
"<literal>gz</literal>: A <command>tar</command> archive, compressed using "
"<literal>gzip</literal> compression."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1270
msgid ""
"<literal>zip</literal>: A <command>zip</command> archive, compressed using "
"LZW compression.  This format has the worst compression ratio, but is widely "
"used in the Windows world."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1276
msgid ""
"If you provide an empty list, or don't have an <envar role=\"rc-item-web"
"\">allow_archive</envar> entry at all, this feature will be disabled.  Here "
"is an example of how to enable all three supported formats."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1283
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">allowpull</envar>: Boolean.  Determines whether "
"the web interface allows remote users to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</"
"command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> this repository over "
"HTTP.  If set to <literal>no</literal> or <literal>false</literal>, only the "
"<quote>human-oriented</quote> portion of the web interface is available."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1292
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">contact</envar>: String.  A free-form (but "
"preferably brief) string identifying the person or group in charge of the "
"repository.  This often contains the name and email address of a person or "
"mailing list.  It often makes sense to place this entry in a repository's own "
"<filename role=\"special\">.hg/hgrc</filename> file, but it can make sense to "
"use in a global <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> if every "
"repository has a single maintainer."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1303
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">maxchanges</envar>: Integer.  The default maximum "
"number of changesets to display in a single page of output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1307
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">maxfiles</envar>: Integer.  The default maximum "
"number of modified files to display in a single page of output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1311
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">stripes</envar>: Integer.  If the web interface "
"displays alternating <quote>stripes</quote> to make it easier to visually "
"align rows when you are looking at a table, this number controls the number "
"of rows in each stripe."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1317
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">style</envar>: Controls the template Mercurial "
"uses to display the web interface.  Mercurial ships with two web templates, "
"named <literal>default</literal> and <literal>gitweb</literal> (the latter is "
"much more visually attractive).  You can also specify a custom template of "
"your own; see <xref linkend=\"chap:template\"/> for details. Here, you can "
"see how to enable the <literal>gitweb</literal> style."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1330
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">templates</envar>: Path.  The directory in which "
"to search for template files.  By default, Mercurial searches in the "
"directory in which it was installed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1335
msgid ""
"If you are using <filename role=\"special\">hgwebdir.cgi</filename>, you can "
"place a few configuration items in a <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> "
"section of the <filename role=\"special\">hgweb.config</filename> file "
"instead of a <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> file, for "
"convenience.  These items are <envar role=\"rc-item-web\">motd</envar> and "
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">style</envar>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1346
msgid "Options specific to an individual repository"
msgstr "针对单个版本库的选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1348
msgid ""
"A few <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> configuration items ought to be "
"placed in a repository's local <filename role=\"special\">.hg/hgrc</"
"filename>, rather than a user's or global <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1353
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">description</envar>: String.  A free-form (but "
"preferably brief) string that describes the contents or purpose of the "
"repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1358
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">name</envar>: String.  The name to use for the "
"repository in the web interface.  This overrides the default name, which is "
"the last component of the repository's path."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1366
msgid ""
"Options specific to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command"
msgstr "命令 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> 的选项"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1369
msgid ""
"Some of the items in the <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> section of a "
"<filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> file are only for use with the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1375
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">accesslog</envar>: Path.  The name of a file into "
"which to write an access log.  By default, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"serve</command> command writes this information to standard output, not to a "
"file.  Log entries are written in the standard <quote>combined</quote> file "
"format used by almost all web servers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1383
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">address</envar>: String.  The local address on "
"which the server should listen for incoming connections.  By default, the "
"server listens on all addresses."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1388
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">errorlog</envar>: Path.  The name of a file into "
"which to write an error log.  By default, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"serve</command> command writes this information to standard error, not to a "
"file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1394
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">ipv6</envar>: Boolean.  Whether to use the IPv6 "
"protocol. By default, IPv6 is not used."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1398
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-web\">port</envar>: Integer.  The TCP port number on "
"which the server should listen.  The default port number used is 8000."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1405
msgid ""
"Choosing the right <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> file to add "
"<literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> items to"
msgstr ""
"选择正确的 <filename role=\"special\"> ~/.hgrc</filename> 文件增加到 <literal "
"role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> 条目"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1409
msgid ""
"It is important to remember that a web server like Apache or "
"<literal>lighttpd</literal> will run under a user ID that is different to "
"yours. CGI scripts run by your server, such as <filename role=\"special"
"\">hgweb.cgi</filename>, will usually also run under that user ID."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch05-collab.xml:1416
msgid ""
"If you add <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> items to your own personal "
"<filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> file, CGI scripts won't read "
"that <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> file.  Those settings will "
"thus only affect the behaviour of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg serve</"
"command> command when you run it.  To cause CGI scripts to see your settings, "
"either create a <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> file in the "
"home directory of the user ID that runs your web server, or add those "
"settings to a system-wide <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:5
msgid "File names and pattern matching"
msgstr "文件名称与模式匹配"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:7
msgid ""
"Mercurial provides mechanisms that let you work with file names in a "
"consistent and expressive way."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:11
msgid "Simple file naming"
msgstr "简单文件名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:13
msgid ""
"Mercurial uses a unified piece of machinery <quote>under the hood</quote> to "
"handle file names.  Every command behaves uniformly with respect to file "
"names.  The way in which commands work with file names is as follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:18
msgid ""
"If you explicitly name real files on the command line, Mercurial works with "
"exactly those files, as you would expect.  &interaction.filenames.files;"
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:22
msgid ""
"When you provide a directory name, Mercurial will interpret this as "
"<quote>operate on every file in this directory and its subdirectories</"
"quote>. Mercurial traverses the files and subdirectories in a directory in "
"alphabetical order.  When it encounters a subdirectory, it will traverse that "
"subdirectory before continuing with the current directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:33
msgid "Running commands without any file names"
msgstr "不提供文件名称的执行命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:35
msgid ""
"Mercurial's commands that work with file names have useful default behaviours "
"when you invoke them without providing any file names or patterns.  What kind "
"of behaviour you should expect depends on what the command does.  Here are a "
"few rules of thumb you can use to predict what a command is likely to do if "
"you don't give it any names to work with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:42
msgid ""
"Most commands will operate on the entire working directory. This is what the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> command does, for example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:46
msgid ""
"If the command has effects that are difficult or impossible to reverse, it "
"will force you to explicitly provide at least one name or pattern (see "
"below).  This protects you from accidentally deleting files by running "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> with no arguments, for example."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:54
msgid ""
"It's easy to work around these default behaviours if they don't suit you.  If "
"a command normally operates on the whole working directory, you can invoke it "
"on just the current directory and its subdirectories by giving it the name "
"<quote><filename class=\"directory\">.</filename></quote>."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:62
msgid ""
"Along the same lines, some commands normally print file names relative to the "
"root of the repository, even if you're invoking them from a subdirectory.  "
"Such a command will print file names relative to your subdirectory if you "
"give it explicit names.  Here, we're going to run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"status</command> from a subdirectory, and get it to operate on the entire "
"working directory while printing file names relative to our subdirectory, by "
"passing it the output of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg root</command> "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:76
msgid "Telling you what's going on"
msgstr "告诉你正在做什么"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:78
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> example in the preceding "
"section illustrates something else that's helpful about Mercurial commands.  "
"If a command operates on a file that you didn't name explicitly on the "
"command line, it will usually print the name of the file, so that you will "
"not be surprised what's going on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:85
msgid ""
"The principle here is of <emphasis>least surprise</emphasis>.  If you've "
"exactly named a file on the command line, there's no point in repeating it "
"back at you.  If Mercurial is acting on a file <emphasis>implicitly</"
"emphasis>, because you provided no names, or a directory, or a pattern (see "
"below), it's safest to tell you what it's doing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:92
msgid ""
"For commands that behave this way, you can silence them using the <option "
"role=\"hg-opt-global\">-q</option> option.  You can also get them to print "
"the name of every file, even those you've named explicitly, using the <option "
"role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:100
msgid "Using patterns to identify files"
msgstr "使用模式标识文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:102
msgid ""
"In addition to working with file and directory names, Mercurial lets you use "
"<emphasis>patterns</emphasis> to identify files.  Mercurial's pattern "
"handling is expressive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:106
msgid ""
"On Unix-like systems (Linux, MacOS, etc.), the job of matching file names to "
"patterns normally falls to the shell.  On these systems, you must explicitly "
"tell Mercurial that a name is a pattern.  On Windows, the shell does not "
"expand patterns, so Mercurial will automatically identify names that are "
"patterns, and expand them for you."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:113
msgid ""
"To provide a pattern in place of a regular name on the command line, the "
"mechanism is simple:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:116
msgid ""
"That is, a pattern is identified by a short text string that says what kind "
"of pattern this is, followed by a colon, followed by the actual pattern."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:120
msgid ""
"Mercurial supports two kinds of pattern syntax.  The most frequently used is "
"called <literal>glob</literal>; this is the same kind of pattern matching "
"used by the Unix shell, and should be familiar to Windows command prompt "
"users, too."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:125
msgid ""
"When Mercurial does automatic pattern matching on Windows, it uses "
"<literal>glob</literal> syntax.  You can thus omit the <quote><literal>glob:</"
"literal></quote> prefix on Windows, but it's safe to use it, too."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:130
msgid ""
"The <literal>re</literal> syntax is more powerful; it lets you specify "
"patterns using regular expressions, also known as regexps."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:134
msgid ""
"By the way, in the examples that follow, notice that I'm careful to wrap all "
"of my patterns in quote characters, so that they won't get expanded by the "
"shell before Mercurial sees them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:140
msgid "Shell-style <literal>glob</literal> patterns"
msgstr "外壳风格的 <literal>glob</literal>  模式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:142
msgid ""
"This is an overview of the kinds of patterns you can use when you're matching "
"on glob patterns."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:145
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>*</literal></quote> character matches any string, within "
"a single directory."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:150
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>**</literal></quote> pattern matches any string, and "
"crosses directory boundaries.  It's not a standard Unix glob token, but it's "
"accepted by several popular Unix shells, and is very useful."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:157
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>?</literal></quote> pattern matches any single character."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:162
msgid ""
"The <quote><literal>[</literal></quote> character begins a "
"<emphasis>character class</emphasis>.  This matches any single character "
"within the class.  The class ends with a <quote><literal>]</literal></quote> "
"character.  A class may contain multiple <emphasis>range</emphasis>s of the "
"form <quote><literal>a-f</literal></quote>, which is shorthand for "
"<quote><literal>abcdef</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:172
msgid ""
"If the first character after the <quote><literal>[</literal></quote> in a "
"character class is a <quote><literal>!</literal></quote>, it "
"<emphasis>negates</emphasis> the class, making it match any single character "
"not in the class."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:178
msgid ""
"A <quote><literal>{</literal></quote> begins a group of subpatterns, where "
"the whole group matches if any subpattern in the group matches.  The "
"<quote><literal>,</literal></quote> character separates subpatterns, and "
"<quote><literal>}</literal></quote> ends the group."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:187
msgid "Watch out!"
msgstr "千万小心！"

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:189
msgid ""
"Don't forget that if you want to match a pattern in any directory, you should "
"not be using the <quote><literal>*</literal></quote> match-any token, as this "
"will only match within one directory.  Instead, use the <quote><literal>**</"
"literal></quote> token.  This small example illustrates the difference "
"between the two."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:201
msgid "Regular expression matching with <literal>re</literal> patterns"
msgstr "使用 <literal>re</literal> 模式的正则表达式匹配"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:204
msgid ""
"Mercurial accepts the same regular expression syntax as the Python "
"programming language (it uses Python's regexp engine internally). This is "
"based on the Perl language's regexp syntax, which is the most popular dialect "
"in use (it's also used in Java, for example)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:210
msgid ""
"I won't discuss Mercurial's regexp dialect in any detail here, as regexps are "
"not often used.  Perl-style regexps are in any case already exhaustively "
"documented on a multitude of web sites, and in many books.  Instead, I will "
"focus here on a few things you should know if you find yourself needing to "
"use regexps with Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:217
msgid ""
"A regexp is matched against an entire file name, relative to the root of the "
"repository.  In other words, even if you're already in subbdirectory "
"<filename class=\"directory\">foo</filename>, if you want to match files "
"under this directory, your pattern must start with <quote><literal>foo/</"
"literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:224
msgid ""
"One thing to note, if you're familiar with Perl-style regexps, is that "
"Mercurial's are <emphasis>rooted</emphasis>.  That is, a regexp starts "
"matching against the beginning of a string; it doesn't look for a match "
"anywhere within the string.  To match anywhere in a string, start your "
"pattern with <quote><literal>.*</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:234
msgid "Filtering files"
msgstr "过滤文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:236
msgid ""
"Not only does Mercurial give you a variety of ways to specify files; it lets "
"you further winnow those files using <emphasis>filters</emphasis>.  Commands "
"that work with file names accept two filtering options."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:241
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-I</option>, or <option role=\"hg-opt-global"
"\">--include</option>, lets you specify a pattern that file names must match "
"in order to be processed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:246
msgid ""
"<option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-X</option>, or <option role=\"hg-opt-global"
"\">--exclude</option>, gives you a way to <emphasis>avoid</emphasis> "
"processing files, if they match this pattern."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:251
msgid ""
"You can provide multiple <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-I</option> and "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-X</option> options on the command line, and "
"intermix them as you please.  Mercurial interprets the patterns you provide "
"using glob syntax by default (but you can use regexps if you need to)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:258
msgid ""
"You can read a <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-I</option> filter as "
"<quote>process only the files that match this filter</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:264
msgid ""
"The <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-X</option> filter is best read as "
"<quote>process only the files that don't match this pattern</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:272
msgid "Ignoring unwanted files and directories"
msgstr "忽略不需要的文件和目录"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:274
msgid "XXX."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:278
msgid "Case sensitivity"
msgstr "大小写敏感性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:280
msgid ""
"If you're working in a mixed development environment that contains both Linux "
"(or other Unix) systems and Macs or Windows systems, you should keep in the "
"back of your mind the knowledge that they treat the case (<quote>N</quote> "
"versus <quote>n</quote>) of file names in incompatible ways.  This is not "
"very likely to affect you, and it's easy to deal with if it does, but it "
"could surprise you if you don't know about it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:289
msgid ""
"Operating systems and filesystems differ in the way they handle the "
"<emphasis>case</emphasis> of characters in file and directory names.  There "
"are three common ways to handle case in names."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:294
msgid ""
"Completely case insensitive.  Uppercase and lowercase versions of a letter "
"are treated as identical, both when creating a file and during subsequent "
"accesses.  This is common on older DOS-based systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:299
msgid ""
"Case preserving, but insensitive.  When a file or directory is created, the "
"case of its name is stored, and can be retrieved and displayed by the "
"operating system.  When an existing file is being looked up, its case is "
"ignored.  This is the standard arrangement on Windows and MacOS.  The names "
"<filename>foo</filename> and <filename>FoO</filename> identify the same "
"file.  This treatment of uppercase and lowercase letters as interchangeable "
"is also referred to as <emphasis>case folding</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:310
msgid ""
"Case sensitive.  The case of a name is significant at all times. The names "
"<filename>foo</filename> and {FoO} identify different files.  This is the way "
"Linux and Unix systems normally work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:316
msgid ""
"On Unix-like systems, it is possible to have any or all of the above ways of "
"handling case in action at once.  For example, if you use a USB thumb drive "
"formatted with a FAT32 filesystem on a Linux system, Linux will handle names "
"on that filesystem in a case preserving, but insensitive, way."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:323
msgid "Safe, portable repository storage"
msgstr "安全，可移植的版本库存储"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:325
msgid ""
"Mercurial's repository storage mechanism is <emphasis>case safe</emphasis>.  "
"It translates file names so that they can be safely stored on both case "
"sensitive and case insensitive filesystems.  This means that you can use "
"normal file copying tools to transfer a Mercurial repository onto, for "
"example, a USB thumb drive, and safely move that drive and repository back "
"and forth between a Mac, a PC running Windows, and a Linux box."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:336
msgid "Detecting case conflicts"
msgstr "检测大小写冲突"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:338
msgid ""
"When operating in the working directory, Mercurial honours the naming policy "
"of the filesystem where the working directory is located.  If the filesystem "
"is case preserving, but insensitive, Mercurial will treat names that differ "
"only in case as the same."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:344
msgid ""
"An important aspect of this approach is that it is possible to commit a "
"changeset on a case sensitive (typically Linux or Unix) filesystem that will "
"cause trouble for users on case insensitive (usually Windows and MacOS) "
"users.  If a Linux user commits changes to two files, one named "
"<filename>myfile.c</filename> and the other named <filename>MyFile.C</"
"filename>, they will be stored correctly in the repository.  And in the "
"working directories of other Linux users, they will be correctly represented "
"as separate files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:355
msgid ""
"If a Windows or Mac user pulls this change, they will not initially have a "
"problem, because Mercurial's repository storage mechanism is case safe.  "
"However, once they try to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> the "
"working directory to that changeset, or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</"
"command> with that changeset, Mercurial will spot the conflict between the "
"two file names that the filesystem would treat as the same, and forbid the "
"update or merge from occurring."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:367
msgid "Fixing a case conflict"
msgstr "修正大小写冲突"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:369
msgid ""
"If you are using Windows or a Mac in a mixed environment where some of your "
"collaborators are using Linux or Unix, and Mercurial reports a case folding "
"conflict when you try to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> or "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command>, the procedure to fix the problem "
"is simple."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:376
msgid ""
"Just find a nearby Linux or Unix box, clone the problem repository onto it, "
"and use Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command> command to "
"change the names of any offending files or directories so that they will no "
"longer cause case folding conflicts.  Commit this change, <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg pull</command> or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> it "
"across to your Windows or MacOS system, and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"update</command> to the revision with the non-conflicting names."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:386
msgid ""
"The changeset with case-conflicting names will remain in your project's "
"history, and you still won't be able to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</"
"command> your working directory to that changeset on a Windows or MacOS "
"system, but you can continue development unimpeded."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch06-filenames.xml:393
msgid ""
"Prior to version 0.9.3, Mercurial did not use a case safe repository storage "
"mechanism, and did not detect case folding conflicts.  If you are using an "
"older version of Mercurial on Windows or MacOS, I strongly recommend that you "
"upgrade."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:5
msgid "Managing releases and branchy development"
msgstr "发布管理与分支开发"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:7
msgid ""
"Mercurial provides several mechanisms for you to manage a project that is "
"making progress on multiple fronts at once.  To understand these mechanisms, "
"let's first take a brief look at a fairly normal software project structure."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:12
msgid ""
"Many software projects issue periodic <quote>major</quote> releases that "
"contain substantial new features.  In parallel, they may issue <quote>minor</"
"quote> releases.  These are usually identical to the major releases off which "
"they're based, but with a few bugs fixed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:18
msgid ""
"In this chapter, we'll start by talking about how to keep records of project "
"milestones such as releases.  We'll then continue on to talk about the flow "
"of work between different phases of a project, and how Mercurial can help you "
"to isolate and manage this work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:25
msgid "Giving a persistent name to a revision"
msgstr "给版本指定一个永久的名称"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:27
msgid ""
"Once you decide that you'd like to call a particular revision a "
"<quote>release</quote>, it's a good idea to record the identity of that "
"revision. This will let you reproduce that release at a later date, for "
"whatever purpose you might need at the time (reproducing a bug, porting to a "
"new platform, etc).  &interaction.tag.init;"
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:34
msgid ""
"Mercurial lets you give a permanent name to any revision using the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tag</command> command.  Not surprisingly, these names are "
"called <quote>tags</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:40
msgid ""
"A tag is nothing more than a <quote>symbolic name</quote> for a revision.  "
"Tags exist purely for your convenience, so that you have a handy permanent "
"way to refer to a revision; Mercurial doesn't interpret the tag names you use "
"in any way.  Neither does Mercurial place any restrictions on the name of a "
"tag, beyond a few that are necessary to ensure that a tag can be parsed "
"unambiguously.  A tag name cannot contain any of the following characters:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:49
msgid "Colon (ASCII 58, <quote><literal>:</literal></quote>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:52
msgid "Carriage return (ASCII 13, <quote><literal>\\r</literal></quote>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:55
msgid "Newline (ASCII 10, <quote><literal>\\n</literal></quote>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:59
msgid ""
"You can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tags</command> command to display "
"the tags present in your repository.  In the output, each tagged revision is "
"identified first by its name, then by revision number, and finally by the "
"unique hash of the revision."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:67
msgid ""
"Notice that <literal>tip</literal> is listed in the output of <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg tags</command>.  The <literal>tip</literal> tag is a special "
"<quote>floating</quote> tag, which always identifies the newest revision in "
"the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:73
msgid ""
"In the output of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tags</command> command, tags "
"are listed in reverse order, by revision number.  This usually means that "
"recent tags are listed before older tags.  It also means that <literal>tip</"
"literal> is always going to be the first tag listed in the output of <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tags</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:80
msgid ""
"When you run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command>, if it displays a "
"revision that has tags associated with it, it will print those tags."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:86
msgid ""
"Any time you need to provide a revision ID to a Mercurial command, the "
"command will accept a tag name in its place.  Internally, Mercurial will "
"translate your tag name into the corresponding revision ID, then use that."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:93
msgid ""
"There's no limit on the number of tags you can have in a repository, or on "
"the number of tags that a single revision can have.  As a practical matter, "
"it's not a great idea to have <quote>too many</quote> (a number which will "
"vary from project to project), simply because tags are supposed to help you "
"to find revisions.  If you have lots of tags, the ease of using them to "
"identify revisions diminishes rapidly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:101
msgid ""
"For example, if your project has milestones as frequent as every few days, "
"it's perfectly reasonable to tag each one of those.  But if you have a "
"continuous build system that makes sure every revision can be built cleanly, "
"you'd be introducing a lot of noise if you were to tag every clean build.  "
"Instead, you could tag failed builds (on the assumption that they're rare!), "
"or simply not use tags to track buildability."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:109
msgid ""
"If you want to remove a tag that you no longer want, use <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg tag --remove</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:114
msgid ""
"You can also modify a tag at any time, so that it identifies a different "
"revision, by simply issuing a new <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tag</command> "
"command. You'll have to use the <option role=\"hg-opt-tag\">-f</option> "
"option to tell Mercurial that you <emphasis>really</emphasis> want to update "
"the tag."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:123
msgid ""
"There will still be a permanent record of the previous identity of the tag, "
"but Mercurial will no longer use it.  There's thus no penalty to tagging the "
"wrong revision; all you have to do is turn around and tag the correct "
"revision once you discover your error."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:129
msgid ""
"Mercurial stores tags in a normal revision-controlled file in your "
"repository.  If you've created any tags, you'll find them in a file named "
"<filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</filename>.  When you run the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tag</command> command, Mercurial modifies this file, then "
"automatically commits the change to it.  This means that every time you run "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tag</command>, you'll see a corresponding "
"changeset in the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:142
msgid "Handling tag conflicts during a merge"
msgstr "在合并期间处理标签冲突"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:144
msgid ""
"You won't often need to care about the <filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</"
"filename> file, but it sometimes makes its presence known during a merge.  "
"The format of the file is simple: it consists of a series of lines.  Each "
"line starts with a changeset hash, followed by a space, followed by the name "
"of a tag."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:151
msgid ""
"If you're resolving a conflict in the <filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</"
"filename> file during a merge, there's one twist to modifying the <filename "
"role=\"special\">.hgtags</filename> file: when Mercurial is parsing the tags "
"in a repository, it <emphasis>never</emphasis> reads the working copy of the "
"<filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</filename> file.  Instead, it reads the "
"<emphasis>most recently committed</emphasis> revision of the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:161
msgid ""
"An unfortunate consequence of this design is that you can't actually verify "
"that your merged <filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</filename> file is "
"correct until <emphasis>after</emphasis> you've committed a change.  So if "
"you find yourself resolving a conflict on <filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</"
"filename> during a merge, be sure to run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tags</"
"command> after you commit.  If it finds an error in the <filename role="
"\"special\">.hgtags</filename> file, it will report the location of the "
"error, which you can then fix and commit.  You should then run <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg tags</command> again, just to be sure that your fix is correct."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:176
msgid "Tags and cloning"
msgstr "标签与克隆"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:178
msgid ""
"You may have noticed that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone</command> "
"command has a <option role=\"hg-opt-clone\">-r</option> option that lets you "
"clone an exact copy of the repository as of a particular changeset.  The new "
"clone will not contain any project history that comes after the revision you "
"specified.  This has an interaction with tags that can surprise the unwary."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:186
msgid ""
"Recall that a tag is stored as a revision to the <filename role=\"special\">."
"hgtags</filename> file, so that when you create a tag, the changeset in which "
"it's recorded necessarily refers to an older changeset.  When you run "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg clone -r foo</command> to clone a repository as "
"of tag <literal>foo</literal>, the new clone <emphasis>will not contain the "
"history that created the tag</emphasis> that you used to clone the "
"repository.  The result is that you'll get exactly the right subset of the "
"project's history in the new repository, but <emphasis>not</emphasis> the tag "
"you might have expected."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:201
msgid "When permanent tags are too much"
msgstr "当永久标签太多的时候"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:203
msgid ""
"Since Mercurial's tags are revision controlled and carried around with a "
"project's history, everyone you work with will see the tags you create.  But "
"giving names to revisions has uses beyond simply noting that revision "
"<literal>4237e45506ee</literal> is really <literal>v2.0.2</literal>.  If "
"you're trying to track down a subtle bug, you might want a tag to remind you "
"of something like <quote>Anne saw the symptoms with this revision</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:213
msgid ""
"For cases like this, what you might want to use are <emphasis>local</"
"emphasis> tags. You can create a local tag with the <option role=\"hg-opt-tag"
"\">-l</option> option to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tag</command> "
"command.  This will store the tag in a file called <filename role=\"special"
"\">.hg/localtags</filename>.  Unlike <filename role=\"special\">.hgtags</"
"filename>, <filename role=\"special\">.hg/localtags</filename> is not "
"revision controlled.  Any tags you create using <option role=\"hg-opt-tag\">-"
"l</option> remain strictly local to the repository you're currently working "
"in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:228
msgid "The flow of changes&emdash;big picture vs. little"
msgstr "修改流程—宏观与微观"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:230
msgid ""
"To return to the outline I sketched at the beginning of a chapter, let's "
"think about a project that has multiple concurrent pieces of work under "
"development at once."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:234
msgid ""
"There might be a push for a new <quote>main</quote> release; a new minor "
"bugfix release to the last main release; and an unexpected <quote>hot fix</"
"quote> to an old release that is now in maintenance mode."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:239
msgid ""
"The usual way people refer to these different concurrent directions of "
"development is as <quote>branches</quote>.  However, we've already seen "
"numerous times that Mercurial treats <emphasis>all of history</emphasis> as a "
"series of branches and merges.  Really, what we have here is two ideas that "
"are peripherally related, but which happen to share a name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:246
msgid ""
"<quote>Big picture</quote> branches represent the sweep of a project's "
"evolution; people give them names, and talk about them in conversation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:250
msgid ""
"<quote>Little picture</quote> branches are artefacts of the day-to-day "
"activity of developing and merging changes.  They expose the narrative of how "
"the code was developed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:258
msgid "Managing big-picture branches in repositories"
msgstr "在版本库中管理分支"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:260
msgid ""
"The easiest way to isolate a <quote>big picture</quote> branch in Mercurial "
"is in a dedicated repository.  If you have an existing shared "
"repository&emdash;let's call it <literal>myproject</literal>&emdash;that "
"reaches a <quote>1.0</quote> milestone, you can start to prepare for future "
"maintenance releases on top of version 1.0 by tagging the revision from which "
"you prepared the 1.0 release."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:270
msgid ""
"You can then clone a new shared <literal>myproject-1.0.1</literal> repository "
"as of that tag."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:276
msgid ""
"Afterwards, if someone needs to work on a bug fix that ought to go into an "
"upcoming 1.0.1 minor release, they clone the <literal>myproject-1.0.1</"
"literal> repository, make their changes, and push them back."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:283
msgid ""
"Meanwhile, development for the next major release can continue, isolated and "
"unabated, in the <literal>myproject</literal> repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:291
msgid "Don't repeat yourself: merging across branches"
msgstr "不要重复劳动：在分支间合并"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:293
msgid ""
"In many cases, if you have a bug to fix on a maintenance branch, the chances "
"are good that the bug exists on your project's main branch (and possibly "
"other maintenance branches, too).  It's a rare developer who wants to fix the "
"same bug multiple times, so let's look at a few ways that Mercurial can help "
"you to manage these bugfixes without duplicating your work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:301
msgid ""
"In the simplest instance, all you need to do is pull changes from your "
"maintenance branch into your local clone of the target branch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:307
msgid ""
"You'll then need to merge the heads of the two branches, and push back to the "
"main branch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:314
msgid "Naming branches within one repository"
msgstr "版本库中的命名分支"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:316
msgid ""
"In most instances, isolating branches in repositories is the right approach.  "
"Its simplicity makes it easy to understand; and so it's hard to make "
"mistakes.  There's a one-to-one relationship between branches you're working "
"in and directories on your system.  This lets you use normal (non-Mercurial-"
"aware)  tools to work on files within a branch/repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:323
msgid ""
"If you're more in the <quote>power user</quote> category (<emphasis>and</"
"emphasis> your collaborators are too), there is an alternative way of "
"handling branches that you can consider.  I've already mentioned the human-"
"level distinction between <quote>small picture</quote> and <quote>big "
"picture</quote> branches.  While Mercurial works with multiple <quote>small "
"picture</quote> branches in a repository all the time (for example after you "
"pull changes in, but before you merge them), it can <emphasis>also</emphasis> "
"work with multiple <quote>big picture</quote> branches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:334
msgid ""
"The key to working this way is that Mercurial lets you assign a persistent "
"<emphasis>name</emphasis> to a branch.  There always exists a branch named "
"<literal>default</literal>.  Even before you start naming branches yourself, "
"you can find traces of the <literal>default</literal> branch if you look for "
"them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:341
msgid ""
"As an example, when you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> "
"command, and it pops up your editor so that you can enter a commit message, "
"look for a line that contains the text <quote><literal>HG: branch default</"
"literal></quote> at the bottom. This is telling you that your commit will "
"occur on the branch named <literal>default</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:348
msgid ""
"To start working with named branches, use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"branches</command> command.  This command lists the named branches already "
"present in your repository, telling you which changeset is the tip of each."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:355
msgid ""
"Since you haven't created any named branches yet, the only one that exists is "
"<literal>default</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:358
msgid ""
"To find out what the <quote>current</quote> branch is, run the <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg branch</command> command, giving it no arguments.  This tells "
"you what branch the parent of the current changeset is on."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:365
msgid ""
"To create a new branch, run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg branch</command> "
"command again.  This time, give it one argument: the name of the branch you "
"want to create."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:371
msgid ""
"After you've created a branch, you might wonder what effect the <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg branch</command> command has had.  What do the <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tip</command> "
"commands report?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:378
msgid ""
"Nothing has changed in the working directory, and there's been no new history "
"created.  As this suggests, running the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg branch</"
"command> command has no permanent effect; it only tells Mercurial what branch "
"name to use the <emphasis>next</emphasis> time you commit a changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:385
msgid ""
"When you commit a change, Mercurial records the name of the branch on which "
"you committed.  Once you've switched from the <literal>default</literal> "
"branch to another and committed, you'll see the name of the new branch show "
"up in the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command>, <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg tip</command>, and other commands that display the same kind of "
"output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:395
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command>-like commands will print the "
"branch name of every changeset that's not on the <literal>default</literal> "
"branch.  As a result, if you never use named branches, you'll never see this "
"information."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:400
msgid ""
"Once you've named a branch and committed a change with that name, every "
"subsequent commit that descends from that change will inherit the same branch "
"name.  You can change the name of a branch at any time, using the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg branch</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:408
msgid ""
"In practice, this is something you won't do very often, as branch names tend "
"to have fairly long lifetimes.  (This isn't a rule, just an observation.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:414
msgid "Dealing with multiple named branches in a repository"
msgstr "在版本库中处理多个命名分支"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:417
msgid ""
"If you have more than one named branch in a repository, Mercurial will "
"remember the branch that your working directory on when you start a command "
"like <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> or <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg pull -u</command>.  It will update the working directory to the tip of "
"this branch, no matter what the <quote>repo-wide</quote> tip is.  To update "
"to a revision that's on a different named branch, you may need to use the "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-update\">-C</option> option to <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg update</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:427
msgid ""
"This behaviour is a little subtle, so let's see it in action.  First, let's "
"remind ourselves what branch we're currently on, and what branches are in our "
"repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:433
msgid ""
"We're on the <literal>bar</literal> branch, but there also exists an older "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg foo</command> branch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:437
msgid ""
"We can <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> back and forth between "
"the tips of the <literal>foo</literal> and <literal>bar</literal> branches "
"without needing to use the <option role=\"hg-opt-update\">-C</option> option, "
"because this only involves going backwards and forwards linearly through our "
"change history."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:446
msgid ""
"If we go back to the <literal>foo</literal> branch and then run <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command>, it will keep us on <literal>foo</literal>, "
"not move us to the tip of <literal>bar</literal>."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:453
msgid ""
"Committing a new change on the <literal>foo</literal> branch introduces a new "
"head."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:460
msgid "Branch names and merging"
msgstr "分支名称与合并"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:462
msgid ""
"As you've probably noticed, merges in Mercurial are not symmetrical. Let's "
"say our repository has two heads, 17 and 23.  If I <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg update</command> to 17 and then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</"
"command> with 23, Mercurial records 17 as the first parent of the merge, and "
"23 as the second.  Whereas if I <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> "
"to 23 and then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> with 17, it "
"records 23 as the first parent, and 17 as the second."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:472
msgid ""
"This affects Mercurial's choice of branch name when you merge.  After a "
"merge, Mercurial will retain the branch name of the first parent when you "
"commit the result of the merge.  If your first parent's branch name is "
"<literal>foo</literal>, and you merge with <literal>bar</literal>, the branch "
"name will still be <literal>foo</literal> after you merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:479
msgid ""
"It's not unusual for a repository to contain multiple heads, each with the "
"same branch name.  Let's say I'm working on the <literal>foo</literal> "
"branch, and so are you.  We commit different changes; I pull your changes; I "
"now have two heads, each claiming to be on the <literal>foo</literal> "
"branch.  The result of a merge will be a single head on the <literal>foo</"
"literal> branch, as you might hope."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:487
msgid ""
"But if I'm working on the <literal>bar</literal> branch, and I merge work "
"from the <literal>foo</literal> branch, the result will remain on the "
"<literal>bar</literal> branch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:493
msgid ""
"To give a more concrete example, if I'm working on the <literal>bleeding-"
"edge</literal> branch, and I want to bring in the latest fixes from the "
"<literal>stable</literal> branch, Mercurial will choose the <quote>right</"
"quote> (<literal>bleeding-edge</literal>) branch name when I pull and merge "
"from <literal>stable</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:502
msgid "Branch naming is generally useful"
msgstr "分支名称通常都很有用"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:504
msgid ""
"You shouldn't think of named branches as applicable only to situations where "
"you have multiple long-lived branches cohabiting in a single repository.  "
"They're very useful even in the one-branch-per-repository case."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:509
msgid ""
"In the simplest case, giving a name to each branch gives you a permanent "
"record of which branch a changeset originated on.  This gives you more "
"context when you're trying to follow the history of a long-lived branchy "
"project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch07-branch.xml:514
msgid ""
"If you're working with shared repositories, you can set up a <literal role="
"\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal> hook on each that will block incoming "
"changes that have the <quote>wrong</quote> branch name.  This provides a "
"simple, but effective, defence against people accidentally pushing changes "
"from a <quote>bleeding edge</quote> branch to a <quote>stable</quote> "
"branch.  Such a hook might look like this inside the shared repo's <filename "
"role=\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:5
msgid "Finding and fixing mistakes"
msgstr "查找和修改错误"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:7
msgid ""
"To err might be human, but to really handle the consequences well takes a top-"
"notch revision control system.  In this chapter, we'll discuss some of the "
"techniques you can use when you find that a problem has crept into your "
"project.  Mercurial has some highly capable features that will help you to "
"isolate the sources of problems, and to handle them appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:15
msgid "Erasing local history"
msgstr "销毁本地历史"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:18
msgid "The accidental commit"
msgstr "意外的提交"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:20
msgid ""
"I have the occasional but persistent problem of typing rather more quickly "
"than I can think, which sometimes results in me committing a changeset that "
"is either incomplete or plain wrong.  In my case, the usual kind of "
"incomplete changeset is one in which I've created a new source file, but "
"forgotten to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> it.  A <quote>plain "
"wrong</quote> changeset is not as common, but no less annoying."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:31
msgid "Rolling back a transaction"
msgstr "回滚一个事务"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:33
msgid ""
"In <xref linkend=\"sec:concepts:txn\"/>, I mentioned that Mercurial treats "
"each modification of a repository as a <emphasis>transaction</emphasis>.  "
"Every time you commit a changeset or pull changes from another repository, "
"Mercurial remembers what you did.  You can undo, or <emphasis>roll back</"
"emphasis>, exactly one of these actions using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"rollback</command> command.  (See <xref linkend=\"sec:undo:rollback-after-push"
"\"/> for an important caveat about the use of this command.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:43
msgid ""
"Here's a mistake that I often find myself making: committing a change in "
"which I've created a new file, but forgotten to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"add</command> it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:50
msgid ""
"Looking at the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> after "
"the commit immediately confirms the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:56
msgid ""
"The commit captured the changes to the file <filename>a</filename>, but not "
"the new file <filename>b</filename>.  If I were to push this changeset to a "
"repository that I shared with a colleague, the chances are high that "
"something in <filename>a</filename> would refer to <filename>b</filename>, "
"which would not be present in their repository when they pulled my changes.  "
"I would thus become the object of some indignation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:65
msgid ""
"However, luck is with me&emdash;I've caught my error before I pushed the "
"changeset.  I use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> command, "
"and Mercurial makes that last changeset vanish."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:72
msgid ""
"Notice that the changeset is no longer present in the repository's history, "
"and the working directory once again thinks that the file <filename>a</"
"filename> is modified.  The commit and rollback have left the working "
"directory exactly as it was prior to the commit; the changeset has been "
"completely erased.  I can now safely <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</"
"command> the file <filename>b</filename>, and rerun my commit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:85
msgid "The erroneous pull"
msgstr "错误的抓取"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:87
msgid ""
"It's common practice with Mercurial to maintain separate development branches "
"of a project in different repositories.  Your development team might have one "
"shared repository for your project's <quote>0.9</quote> release, and another, "
"containing different changes, for the <quote>1.0</quote> release."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:94
msgid ""
"Given this, you can imagine that the consequences could be messy if you had a "
"local <quote>0.9</quote> repository, and accidentally pulled changes from the "
"shared <quote>1.0</quote> repository into it.  At worst, you could be paying "
"insufficient attention, and push those changes into the shared <quote>0.9</"
"quote> tree, confusing your entire team (but don't worry, we'll return to "
"this horror scenario later).  However, it's more likely that you'll notice "
"immediately, because Mercurial will display the URL it's pulling from, or you "
"will see it pull a suspiciously large number of changes into the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:106
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> command will work nicely "
"to expunge all of the changesets that you just pulled.  Mercurial groups all "
"changes from one <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> into a single "
"transaction, so one <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> is all you "
"need to undo this mistake."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:115
msgid "Rolling back is useless once you've pushed"
msgstr "当完成推送后，回滚是无效的"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:117
msgid ""
"The value of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> command drops "
"to zero once you've pushed your changes to another repository.  Rolling back "
"a change makes it disappear entirely, but <emphasis>only</emphasis> in the "
"repository in which you perform the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</"
"command>.  Because a rollback eliminates history, there's no way for the "
"disappearance of a change to propagate between repositories."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:126
msgid ""
"If you've pushed a change to another repository&emdash;particularly if it's a "
"shared repository&emdash;it has essentially <quote>escaped into the wild,</"
"quote> and you'll have to recover from your mistake in a different way.  What "
"will happen if you push a changeset somewhere, then roll it back, then pull "
"from the repository you pushed to, is that the changeset will reappear in "
"your repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:135
msgid ""
"(If you absolutely know for sure that the change you want to roll back is the "
"most recent change in the repository that you pushed to, <emphasis>and</"
"emphasis> you know that nobody else could have pulled it from that "
"repository, you can roll back the changeset there, too, but you really should "
"really not rely on this working reliably.  If you do this, sooner or later a "
"change really will make it into a repository that you don't directly control "
"(or have forgotten about), and come back to bite you.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:147
msgid "You can only roll back once"
msgstr "你只能回滚一次"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:149
msgid ""
"Mercurial stores exactly one transaction in its transaction log; that "
"transaction is the most recent one that occurred in the repository. This "
"means that you can only roll back one transaction.  If you expect to be able "
"to roll back one transaction, then its predecessor, this is not the behaviour "
"you will get."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:158
msgid ""
"Once you've rolled back one transaction in a repository, you can't roll back "
"again in that repository until you perform another commit or pull."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:165
msgid "Reverting the mistaken change"
msgstr "撤销错误的修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:167
msgid ""
"If you make a modification to a file, and decide that you really didn't want "
"to change the file at all, and you haven't yet committed your changes, the "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> command is the one you'll need.  "
"It looks at the changeset that's the parent of the working directory, and "
"restores the contents of the file to their state as of that changeset. "
"(That's a long-winded way of saying that, in the normal case, it undoes your "
"modifications.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:176
msgid ""
"Let's illustrate how the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> command "
"works with yet another small example.  We'll begin by modifying a file that "
"Mercurial is already tracking."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:183
msgid ""
"If we don't want that change, we can simply <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"revert</command> the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:189
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> command provides us with an "
"extra degree of safety by saving our modified file with a <filename>.orig</"
"filename> extension."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:196
msgid ""
"Here is a summary of the cases that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</"
"command> command can deal with.  We will describe each of these in more "
"detail in the section that follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:201
msgid "If you modify a file, it will restore the file to its unmodified state."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:204
msgid ""
"If you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> a file, it will undo the "
"<quote>added</quote> state of the file, but leave the file itself untouched."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:208
msgid ""
"If you delete a file without telling Mercurial, it will restore the file to "
"its unmodified contents."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:211
msgid ""
"If you use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> command to remove "
"a file, it will undo the <quote>removed</quote> state of the file, and "
"restore the file to its unmodified contents."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:218
msgid "File management errors"
msgstr "文件管理错误"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:220
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> command is useful for more "
"than just modified files.  It lets you reverse the results of all of "
"Mercurial's file management commands&emdash;<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</"
"command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command>, and so on."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:226
msgid ""
"If you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> a file, then decide that in "
"fact you don't want Mercurial to track it, use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"revert</command> to undo the add.  Don't worry; Mercurial will not modify the "
"file in any way.  It will just <quote>unmark</quote> the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:234
msgid ""
"Similarly, if you ask Mercurial to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</"
"command> a file, you can use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> to "
"restore it to the contents it had as of the parent of the working directory.  "
"&interaction.daily.revert.remove; This works just as well for a file that you "
"deleted by hand, without telling Mercurial (recall that in Mercurial "
"terminology, this kind of file is called <quote>missing</quote>)."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:245
msgid ""
"If you revert a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg copy</command>, the copied-to "
"file remains in your working directory afterwards, untracked.  Since a copy "
"doesn't affect the copied-from file in any way, Mercurial doesn't do anything "
"with the copied-from file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:254
msgid "A slightly special case: reverting a rename"
msgstr "一个稍微特别的案例：撤销改名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:256
msgid ""
"If you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command> a file, there is one "
"small detail that you should remember.  When you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"revert</command> a rename, it's not enough to provide the name of the renamed-"
"to file, as you can see here."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:264
msgid ""
"As you can see from the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</"
"command>, the renamed-to file is no longer identified as added, but the "
"renamed-<emphasis>from</emphasis> file is still removed! This is counter-"
"intuitive (at least to me), but at least it's easy to deal with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:273
msgid ""
"So remember, to revert a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rename</command>, you "
"must provide <emphasis>both</emphasis> the source and destination names."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:278
msgid "% TODO: the output doesn't look like it will be removed!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:281
msgid ""
"(By the way, if you rename a file, then modify the renamed-to file, then "
"revert both components of the rename, when Mercurial restores the file that "
"was removed as part of the rename, it will be unmodified. If you need the "
"modifications in the renamed-to file to show up in the renamed-from file, "
"don't forget to copy them over.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:288
msgid ""
"These fiddly aspects of reverting a rename arguably constitute a small bug in "
"Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:295
msgid "Dealing with committed changes"
msgstr "处理已经提交的修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:297
msgid ""
"Consider a case where you have committed a change $a$, and another change $b$ "
"on top of it; you then realise that change $a$ was incorrect.  Mercurial lets "
"you <quote>back out</quote> an entire changeset automatically, and building "
"blocks that let you reverse part of a changeset by hand."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:303
msgid ""
"Before you read this section, here's something to keep in mind: the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command undoes changes by "
"<emphasis>adding</emphasis> history, not by modifying or erasing it.  It's "
"the right tool to use if you're fixing bugs, but not if you're trying to undo "
"some change that has catastrophic consequences.  To deal with those, see "
"<xref linkend=\"sec:undo:aaaiiieee\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:312
msgid "Backing out a changeset"
msgstr "恢复一个修改集"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:314
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command lets you "
"<quote>undo</quote> the effects of an entire changeset in an automated "
"fashion.  Because Mercurial's history is immutable, this command "
"<emphasis>does not</emphasis> get rid of the changeset you want to undo.  "
"Instead, it creates a new changeset that <emphasis>reverses</emphasis> the "
"effect of the to-be-undone changeset."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:323
msgid ""
"The operation of the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command is "
"a little intricate, so let's illustrate it with some examples.  First, we'll "
"create a repository with some simple changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:330
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command takes a single "
"changeset ID as its argument; this is the changeset to back out.  Normally, "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> will drop you into a text "
"editor to write a commit message, so you can record why you're backing the "
"change out.  In this example, we provide a commit message on the command line "
"using the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">-m</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:341
msgid "Backing out the tip changeset"
msgstr "恢复顶点修改集"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:343
msgid "We're going to start by backing out the last changeset we committed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:348
msgid ""
"You can see that the second line from <filename>myfile</filename> is no "
"longer present.  Taking a look at the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"log</command> gives us an idea of what the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"backout</command> command has done.  &interaction.backout.simple.log; Notice "
"that the new changeset that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> has "
"created is a child of the changeset we backed out.  It's easier to see this "
"in <xref linkend=\"fig:undo:backout\"/>, which presents a graphical view of "
"the change history.  As you can see, the history is nice and linear."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:361 ../en/ch08-undo.xml:473
msgid ""
"Backing out a change using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> "
"command"
msgstr "使用 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> 恢复一个修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:364
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/undo-simple.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:371
msgid "Backing out a non-tip change"
msgstr "恢复非顶点的修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:373
msgid ""
"If you want to back out a change other than the last one you committed, pass "
"the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> option to the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:380
msgid ""
"This makes backing out any changeset a <quote>one-shot</quote> operation "
"that's usually simple and fast."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:386
msgid ""
"If you take a look at the contents of <filename>myfile</filename> after the "
"backout finishes, you'll see that the first and third changes are present, "
"but not the second."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:393
msgid ""
"As the graphical history in <xref linkend=\"fig:undo:backout-non-tip\"/> "
"illustrates, Mercurial actually commits <emphasis>two</emphasis> changes in "
"this kind of situation (the box-shaped nodes are the ones that Mercurial "
"commits automatically).  Before Mercurial begins the backout process, it "
"first remembers what the current parent of the working directory is.  It then "
"backs out the target changeset, and commits that as a changeset.  Finally, it "
"merges back to the previous parent of the working directory, and commits the "
"result of the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:404
msgid ""
"% TODO: to me it looks like mercurial doesn't commit the second merge "
"automatically!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:408
msgid ""
"Automated backout of a non-tip change using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"backout</command> command"
msgstr "使用 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> 自动恢复非顶点的修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:411
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/undo-non-tip.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:416
msgid ""
"The result is that you end up <quote>back where you were</quote>, only with "
"some extra history that undoes the effect of the changeset you wanted to back "
"out."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:421
msgid "Always use the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> option"
msgstr "始终使用选项 <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:424
msgid ""
"In fact, since the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> option "
"will do the <quote>right thing</quote> whether or not the changeset you're "
"backing out is the tip (i.e. it won't try to merge if it's backing out the "
"tip, since there's no need), you should <emphasis>always</emphasis> use this "
"option when you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:435
msgid "Gaining more control of the backout process"
msgstr "在恢复处理中获得更多控制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:437
msgid ""
"While I've recommended that you always use the <option role=\"hg-opt-backout"
"\">--merge</option> option when backing out a change, the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg backout</command> command lets you decide how to merge a backout "
"changeset.  Taking control of the backout process by hand is something you "
"will rarely need to do, but it can be useful to understand what the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command is doing for you automatically.  "
"To illustrate this, let's clone our first repository, but omit the backout "
"change that it contains."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:450
msgid ""
"As with our earlier example, We'll commit a third changeset, then back out "
"its parent, and see what happens."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:456
msgid ""
"Our new changeset is again a descendant of the changeset we backout out; it's "
"thus a new head, <emphasis>not</emphasis> a descendant of the changeset that "
"was the tip.  The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command was "
"quite explicit in telling us this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:464
msgid ""
"Again, it's easier to see what has happened by looking at a graph of the "
"revision history, in <xref linkend=\"fig:undo:backout-manual\"/>.  This makes "
"it clear that when we use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> to "
"back out a change other than the tip, Mercurial adds a new head to the "
"repository (the change it committed is box-shaped)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:476
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/undo-manual.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:481
msgid ""
"After the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command has "
"completed, it leaves the new <quote>backout</quote> changeset as the parent "
"of the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:488
msgid "Now we have two isolated sets of changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:492
msgid ""
"Let's think about what we expect to see as the contents of <filename>myfile</"
"filename> now.  The first change should be present, because we've never "
"backed it out.  The second change should be missing, as that's the change we "
"backed out.  Since the history graph shows the third change as a separate "
"head, we <emphasis>don't</emphasis> expect to see the third change present in "
"<filename>myfile</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:502
msgid ""
"To get the third change back into the file, we just do a normal merge of our "
"two heads."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:507
msgid ""
"Afterwards, the graphical history of our repository looks like <xref linkend="
"\"fig:undo:backout-manual-merge\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:512
msgid "Manually merging a backout change"
msgstr "手工合并恢复修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:514
msgid ""
"<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/undo-manual-merge.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:521
msgid "Why <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> works as it does"
msgstr "<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> 的内幕"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:524
msgid ""
"Here's a brief description of how the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</"
"command> command works."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:527
msgid ""
"It ensures that the working directory is <quote>clean</quote>, i.e. that the "
"output of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> would be empty."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:531
msgid ""
"It remembers the current parent of the working directory.  Let's call this "
"changeset <literal>orig</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:535
msgid ""
"It does the equivalent of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> to "
"sync the working directory to the changeset you want to back out.  Let's call "
"this changeset <literal>backout</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:540
msgid ""
"It finds the parent of that changeset.  Let's call that changeset "
"<literal>parent</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:543
msgid ""
"For each file that the <literal>backout</literal> changeset affected, it does "
"the equivalent of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert -r parent</command> on "
"that file, to restore it to the contents it had before that changeset was "
"committed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:550
msgid ""
"It commits the result as a new changeset.  This changeset has "
"<literal>backout</literal> as its parent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:554
msgid ""
"If you specify <option role=\"hg-opt-backout\">--merge</option> on the "
"command line, it merges with <literal>orig</literal>, and commits the result "
"of the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:560
msgid ""
"An alternative way to implement the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</"
"command> command would be to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg export</command> the "
"to-be-backed-out changeset as a diff, then use the <option role=\"cmd-opt-"
"patch\">--reverse</option> option to the <command>patch</command> command to "
"reverse the effect of the change without fiddling with the working "
"directory.  This sounds much simpler, but it would not work nearly as well."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:570
msgid ""
"The reason that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> does an update, "
"a commit, a merge, and another commit is to give the merge machinery the best "
"chance to do a good job when dealing with all the changes <emphasis>between</"
"emphasis> the change you're backing out and the current tip."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:577
msgid ""
"If you're backing out a changeset that's 100 revisions back in your project's "
"history, the chances that the <command>patch</command> command will be able "
"to apply a reverse diff cleanly are not good, because intervening changes are "
"likely to have <quote>broken the context</quote> that <command>patch</"
"command> uses to determine whether it can apply a patch (if this sounds like "
"gibberish, see <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:patch\"/> for a discussion of the "
"<command>patch</command> command).  Also, Mercurial's merge machinery will "
"handle files and directories being renamed, permission changes, and "
"modifications to binary files, none of which <command>patch</command> can "
"deal with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:594
msgid "Changes that should never have been"
msgstr "不该发生的修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:596
msgid ""
"Most of the time, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg backout</command> command "
"is exactly what you need if you want to undo the effects of a change.  It "
"leaves a permanent record of exactly what you did, both when committing the "
"original changeset and when you cleaned up after it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:602
msgid ""
"On rare occasions, though, you may find that you've committed a change that "
"really should not be present in the repository at all.  For example, it would "
"be very unusual, and usually considered a mistake, to commit a software "
"project's object files as well as its source files.  Object files have almost "
"no intrinsic value, and they're <emphasis>big</emphasis>, so they increase "
"the size of the repository and the amount of time it takes to clone or pull "
"changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:611
msgid ""
"Before I discuss the options that you have if you commit a <quote>brown paper "
"bag</quote> change (the kind that's so bad that you want to pull a brown "
"paper bag over your head), let me first discuss some approaches that probably "
"won't work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:616
msgid ""
"Since Mercurial treats history as accumulative&emdash;every change builds on "
"top of all changes that preceded it&emdash;you generally can't just make "
"disastrous changes disappear.  The one exception is when you've just "
"committed a change, and it hasn't been pushed or pulled into another "
"repository.  That's when you can safely use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"rollback</command> command, as I detailed in <xref linkend=\"sec:undo:rollback"
"\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:625
msgid ""
"After you've pushed a bad change to another repository, you <emphasis>could</"
"emphasis> still use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg rollback</command> to make "
"your local copy of the change disappear, but it won't have the consequences "
"you want.  The change will still be present in the remote repository, so it "
"will reappear in your local repository the next time you pull."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:633
msgid ""
"If a situation like this arises, and you know which repositories your bad "
"change has propagated into, you can <emphasis>try</emphasis> to get rid of "
"the changeefrom <emphasis>every</emphasis> one of those repositories.  This "
"is, of course, not a satisfactory solution: if you miss even a single "
"repository while you're expunging, the change is still <quote>in the wild</"
"quote>, and could propagate further."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:641
msgid ""
"If you've committed one or more changes <emphasis>after</emphasis> the change "
"that you'd like to see disappear, your options are further reduced. Mercurial "
"doesn't provide a way to <quote>punch a hole</quote> in history, leaving "
"changesets intact."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:647
msgid ""
"XXX This needs filling out.  The <literal>hg-replay</literal> script in the "
"<literal>examples</literal> directory works, but doesn't handle merge "
"changesets.  Kind of an important omission."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:653
msgid "Protect yourself from <quote>escaped</quote> changes"
msgstr "使用<quote>校验</quote>修改来保护你自己"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:656
msgid ""
"If you've committed some changes to your local repository and they've been "
"pushed or pulled somewhere else, this isn't necessarily a disaster.  You can "
"protect yourself ahead of time against some classes of bad changeset.  This "
"is particularly easy if your team usually pulls changes from a central "
"repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:663
msgid ""
"By configuring some hooks on that repository to validate incoming changesets "
"(see chapter <xref linkend=\"chap:hook\"/>), you can automatically prevent "
"some kinds of bad changeset from being pushed to the central repository at "
"all.  With such a configuration in place, some kinds of bad changeset will "
"naturally tend to <quote>die out</quote> because they can't propagate into "
"the central repository.  Better yet, this happens without any need for "
"explicit intervention."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:673
msgid ""
"For instance, an incoming change hook that verifies that a changeset will "
"actually compile can prevent people from inadvertantly <quote>breaking the "
"build</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:680
msgid "Finding the source of a bug"
msgstr "查找问题的根源"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:682
msgid ""
"While it's all very well to be able to back out a changeset that introduced a "
"bug, this requires that you know which changeset to back out.  Mercurial "
"provides an invaluable command, called <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command>, that helps you to automate this process and accomplish it very "
"efficiently."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:689
msgid ""
"The idea behind the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command is "
"that a changeset has introduced some change of behaviour that you can "
"identify with a simple binary test.  You don't know which piece of code "
"introduced the change, but you know how to test for the presence of the bug.  "
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command uses your test to "
"direct its search for the changeset that introduced the code that caused the "
"bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:698
msgid ""
"Here are a few scenarios to help you understand how you might apply this "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:701
msgid ""
"The most recent version of your software has a bug that you remember wasn't "
"present a few weeks ago, but you don't know when it was introduced.  Here, "
"your binary test checks for the presence of that bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:706
msgid ""
"You fixed a bug in a rush, and now it's time to close the entry in your "
"team's bug database.  The bug database requires a changeset ID when you close "
"an entry, but you don't remember which changeset you fixed the bug in.  Once "
"again, your binary test checks for the presence of the bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:713
msgid ""
"Your software works correctly, but runs 15% slower than the last time you "
"measured it.  You want to know which changeset introduced the performance "
"regression.  In this case, your binary test measures the performance of your "
"software, to see whether it's <quote>fast</quote> or <quote>slow</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:720
msgid ""
"The sizes of the components of your project that you ship exploded recently, "
"and you suspect that something changed in the way you build your project."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:725
msgid ""
"From these examples, it should be clear that the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"bisect</command> command is not useful only for finding the sources of bugs.  "
"You can use it to find any <quote>emergent property</quote> of a repository "
"(anything that you can't find from a simple text search of the files in the "
"tree) for which you can write a binary test."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:732
msgid ""
"We'll introduce a little bit of terminology here, just to make it clear which "
"parts of the search process are your responsibility, and which are "
"Mercurial's.  A <emphasis>test</emphasis> is something that <emphasis>you</"
"emphasis> run when <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> chooses a "
"changeset.  A <emphasis>probe</emphasis> is what <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"bisect</command> runs to tell whether a revision is good.  Finally, we'll use "
"the word <quote>bisect</quote>, as both a noun and a verb, to stand in for "
"the phrase <quote>search using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command> command</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:745
msgid ""
"One simple way to automate the searching process would be simply to probe "
"every changeset.  However, this scales poorly.  If it took ten minutes to "
"test a single changeset, and you had 10,000 changesets in your repository, "
"the exhaustive approach would take on average 35 <emphasis>days</emphasis> to "
"find the changeset that introduced a bug.  Even if you knew that the bug was "
"introduced by one of the last 500 changesets, and limited your search to "
"those, you'd still be looking at over 40 hours to find the changeset that "
"introduced your bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:755
msgid ""
"What the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command does is use its "
"knowledge of the <quote>shape</quote> of your project's revision history to "
"perform a search in time proportional to the <emphasis>logarithm</emphasis> "
"of the number of changesets to check (the kind of search it performs is "
"called a dichotomic search).  With this approach, searching through 10,000 "
"changesets will take less than three hours, even at ten minutes per test (the "
"search will require about 14 tests).  Limit your search to the last hundred "
"changesets, and it will take only about an hour (roughly seven tests)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:766
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command is aware of the "
"<quote>branchy</quote> nature of a Mercurial project's revision history, so "
"it has no problems dealing with branches, merges, or multiple heads in a "
"repository.  It can prune entire branches of history with a single probe, "
"which is how it operates so efficiently."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:774
msgid "Using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command"
msgstr "使用命令 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:777
msgid ""
"Here's an example of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> in action."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:781
msgid ""
"In versions 0.9.5 and earlier of Mercurial, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"bisect</command> was not a core command: it was distributed with Mercurial as "
"an extension. This section describes the built-in command, not the old "
"extension."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:788
msgid ""
"Now let's create a repository, so that we can try out the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg bisect</command> command in isolation."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:794
msgid ""
"We'll simulate a project that has a bug in it in a simple-minded way: create "
"trivial changes in a loop, and nominate one specific change that will have "
"the <quote>bug</quote>.  This loop creates 35 changesets, each adding a "
"single file to the repository. We'll represent our <quote>bug</quote> with a "
"file that contains the text <quote>i have a gub</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:804
msgid ""
"The next thing that we'd like to do is figure out how to use the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command.  We can use Mercurial's normal "
"built-in help mechanism for this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:811
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command works in steps.  "
"Each step proceeds as follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:814
msgid "You run your binary test."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:816
msgid ""
"If the test succeeded, you tell <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"by running the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect good</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:821
msgid ""
"If it failed, run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect bad</command> "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:825
msgid ""
"The command uses your information to decide which changeset to test next."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:828
msgid ""
"It updates the working directory to that changeset, and the process begins "
"again."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:831
msgid ""
"The process ends when <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> identifies "
"a unique changeset that marks the point where your test transitioned from "
"<quote>succeeding</quote> to <quote>failing</quote>."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:836
msgid ""
"To start the search, we must run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect --"
"reset</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:841
msgid ""
"In our case, the binary test we use is simple: we check to see if any file in "
"the repository contains the string <quote>i have a gub</quote>.  If it does, "
"this changeset contains the change that <quote>caused the bug</quote>.  By "
"convention, a changeset that has the property we're searching for is "
"<quote>bad</quote>, while one that doesn't is <quote>good</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:849
msgid ""
"Most of the time, the revision to which the working directory is synced "
"(usually the tip) already exhibits the problem introduced by the buggy "
"change, so we'll mark it as <quote>bad</quote>."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:856
msgid ""
"Our next task is to nominate a changeset that we know <emphasis>doesn't</"
"emphasis> have the bug; the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"command will <quote>bracket</quote> its search between the first pair of good "
"and bad changesets.  In our case, we know that revision 10 didn't have the "
"bug.  (I'll have more words about choosing the first <quote>good</quote> "
"changeset later.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:866
msgid "Notice that this command printed some output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:868
msgid ""
"It told us how many changesets it must consider before it can identify the "
"one that introduced the bug, and how many tests that will require."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:872
msgid ""
"It updated the working directory to the next changeset to test, and told us "
"which changeset it's testing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:877
msgid ""
"We now run our test in the working directory.  We use the <command>grep</"
"command> command to see if our <quote>bad</quote> file is present in the "
"working directory.  If it is, this revision is bad; if not, this revision is "
"good.  &interaction.bisect.search.step1;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:883
msgid ""
"This test looks like a perfect candidate for automation, so let's turn it "
"into a shell function."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:887
msgid ""
"We can now run an entire test step with a single command, <literal>mytest</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:892
msgid "A few more invocations of our canned test step command, and we're done."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:897
msgid ""
"Even though we had 40 changesets to search through, the <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg bisect</command> command let us find the changeset that introduced our "
"<quote>bug</quote> with only five tests.  Because the number of tests that "
"the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command performs grows "
"logarithmically with the number of changesets to search, the advantage that "
"it has over the <quote>brute force</quote> search approach increases with "
"every changeset you add."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:908
msgid "Cleaning up after your search"
msgstr "搜索后的清理"

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:910
msgid ""
"When you're finished using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"command in a repository, you can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect "
"reset</command> command to drop the information it was using to drive your "
"search.  The command doesn't use much space, so it doesn't matter if you "
"forget to run this command.  However, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command> won't let you start a new search in that repository until you do a "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect reset</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:925
msgid "Tips for finding bugs effectively"
msgstr "有效查找问题的技巧"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:928
msgid "Give consistent input"
msgstr "给出一致的输入"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:930
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command requires that you "
"correctly report the result of every test you perform.  If you tell it that a "
"test failed when it really succeeded, it <emphasis>might</emphasis> be able "
"to detect the inconsistency.  If it can identify an inconsistency in your "
"reports, it will tell you that a particular changeset is both good and bad. "
"However, it can't do this perfectly; it's about as likely to report the wrong "
"changeset as the source of the bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:942
msgid "Automate as much as possible"
msgstr "尽量自动"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:944
msgid ""
"When I started using the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"command, I tried a few times to run my tests by hand, on the command line.  "
"This is an approach that I, at least, am not suited to.  After a few tries, I "
"found that I was making enough mistakes that I was having to restart my "
"searches several times before finally getting correct results."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:952
msgid ""
"My initial problems with driving the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command> command by hand occurred even with simple searches on small "
"repositories; if the problem you're looking for is more subtle, or the number "
"of tests that <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> must perform "
"increases, the likelihood of operator error ruining the search is much "
"higher.  Once I started automating my tests, I had much better results."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:961
msgid "The key to automated testing is twofold:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:963
msgid "always test for the same symptom, and"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:965
msgid ""
"always feed consistent input to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:968
msgid ""
"In my tutorial example above, the <command>grep</command> command tests for "
"the symptom, and the <literal>if</literal> statement takes the result of this "
"check and ensures that we always feed the same input to the <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> command.  The <literal>mytest</literal> "
"function marries these together in a reproducible way, so that every test is "
"uniform and consistent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:978
msgid "Check your results"
msgstr "检查你的结果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:980
msgid ""
"Because the output of a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> search "
"is only as good as the input you give it, don't take the changeset it reports "
"as the absolute truth.  A simple way to cross-check its report is to manually "
"run your test at each of the following changesets:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:986
msgid ""
"The changeset that it reports as the first bad revision.  Your test should "
"still report this as bad."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:990
msgid ""
"The parent of that changeset (either parent, if it's a merge). Your test "
"should report this changeset as good."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:994
msgid ""
"A child of that changeset.  Your test should report this changeset as bad."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:1000
msgid "Beware interference between bugs"
msgstr "谨防问题之间的冲突"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:1002
msgid ""
"It's possible that your search for one bug could be disrupted by the presence "
"of another.  For example, let's say your software crashes at revision 100, "
"and worked correctly at revision 50.  Unknown to you, someone else introduced "
"a different crashing bug at revision 60, and fixed it at revision 80.  This "
"could distort your results in one of several ways."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:1010
msgid ""
"It is possible that this other bug completely <quote>masks</quote> yours, "
"which is to say that it occurs before your bug has a chance to manifest "
"itself.  If you can't avoid that other bug (for example, it prevents your "
"project from building), and so can't tell whether your bug is present in a "
"particular changeset, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> "
"command cannot help you directly.  Instead, you can mark a changeset as "
"untested by running <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect --skip</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:1020
msgid ""
"A different problem could arise if your test for a bug's presence is not "
"specific enough.  If you check for <quote>my program crashes</quote>, then "
"both your crashing bug and an unrelated crashing bug that masks it will look "
"like the same thing, and mislead <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:1027
msgid ""
"Another useful situation in which to use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect --"
"skip</command> is if you can't test a revision because your project was in a "
"broken and hence untestable state at that revision, perhaps because someone "
"checked in a change that prevented the project from building."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:1036
msgid "Bracket your search lazily"
msgstr "减少你的查找工作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:1038
msgid ""
"Choosing the first <quote>good</quote> and <quote>bad</quote> changesets that "
"will mark the end points of your search is often easy, but it bears a little "
"discussion nevertheless.  From the perspective of <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"bisect</command>, the <quote>newest</quote> changeset is conventionally "
"<quote>bad</quote>, and the older changeset is <quote>good</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:1046
msgid ""
"If you're having trouble remembering when a suitable <quote>good</quote> "
"change was, so that you can tell <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</"
"command>, you could do worse than testing changesets at random.  Just "
"remember to eliminate contenders that can't possibly exhibit the bug (perhaps "
"because the feature with the bug isn't present yet) and those where another "
"problem masks the bug (as I discussed above)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch08-undo.xml:1055
msgid ""
"Even if you end up <quote>early</quote> by thousands of changesets or months "
"of history, you will only add a handful of tests to the total number that "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bisect</command> must perform, thanks to its "
"logarithmic behaviour."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:5
msgid "Handling repository events with hooks"
msgstr "使用钩子处理版本库事件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:7
msgid ""
"Mercurial offers a powerful mechanism to let you perform automated actions in "
"response to events that occur in a repository.  In some cases, you can even "
"control Mercurial's response to those events."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:12
msgid ""
"The name Mercurial uses for one of these actions is a <emphasis>hook</"
"emphasis>. Hooks are called <quote>triggers</quote> in some revision control "
"systems, but the two names refer to the same idea."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:18
msgid "An overview of hooks in Mercurial"
msgstr "Mercurial 钩子概述"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:20
msgid ""
"Here is a brief list of the hooks that Mercurial supports. We will revisit "
"each of these hooks in more detail later, in <xref linkend=\"sec:hook:ref\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:25
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal>: This is run after a group of "
"changesets has been brought into the repository from elsewhere."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:29
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal>: This is run after a new changeset "
"has been created in the local repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:33
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal>: This is run once for each new "
"changeset that is brought into the repository from elsewhere.  Notice the "
"difference from <literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal>, which is run "
"once per <emphasis>group</emphasis> of changesets brought in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:40
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal>: This is run after a group of "
"changesets has been transmitted from this repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:44
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal>: This is run before starting "
"to bring a group of changesets into the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:49
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal>: Controlling. This is run before "
"starting a commit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:53
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal>: Controlling. This is run before "
"starting to transmit a group of changesets from this repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:58
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal>: Controlling. This is run before "
"creating a tag."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:62
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal>: Controlling. This is run "
"after a group of changesets has been brought into the local repository from "
"another, but before the transaction completes that will make the changes "
"permanent in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:70
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal>: Controlling. This is run after "
"a new changeset has been created in the local repository, but before the "
"transaction completes that will make it permanent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:76
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">preupdate</literal>: Controlling. This is run before "
"starting an update or merge of the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:81
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">tag</literal>: This is run after a tag is created."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:85
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">update</literal>: This is run after an update or merge "
"of the working directory has finished."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:90
msgid ""
"Each of the hooks whose description begins with the word <quote>Controlling</"
"quote> has the ability to determine whether an activity can proceed.  If the "
"hook succeeds, the activity may proceed; if it fails, the activity is either "
"not permitted or undone, depending on the hook."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:99
msgid "Hooks and security"
msgstr "钩子与安全性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:102
msgid "Hooks are run with your privileges"
msgstr "钩子以你的特权执行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:104
msgid ""
"When you run a Mercurial command in a repository, and the command causes a "
"hook to run, that hook runs on <emphasis>your</emphasis> system, under "
"<emphasis>your</emphasis> user account, with <emphasis>your</emphasis> "
"privilege level.  Since hooks are arbitrary pieces of executable code, you "
"should treat them with an appropriate level of suspicion.  Do not install a "
"hook unless you are confident that you know who created it and what it does."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:115
msgid ""
"In some cases, you may be exposed to hooks that you did not install "
"yourself.  If you work with Mercurial on an unfamiliar system, Mercurial will "
"run hooks defined in that system's global <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</"
"filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:122
msgid ""
"If you are working with a repository owned by another user, Mercurial can run "
"hooks defined in that user's repository, but it will still run them as "
"<quote>you</quote>.  For example, if you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</"
"command> from that repository, and its <filename role=\"special\">.hg/hgrc</"
"filename> defines a local <literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal> hook, "
"that hook will run under your user account, even though you don't own that "
"repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:134
msgid ""
"This only applies if you are pulling from a repository on a local or network "
"filesystem.  If you're pulling over http or ssh, any <literal role=\"hook"
"\">outgoing</literal> hook will run under whatever account is executing the "
"server process, on the server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:142
msgid ""
"XXX To see what hooks are defined in a repository, use the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg config hooks</command> command.  If you are working in one "
"repository, but talking to another that you do not own (e.g. using <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</"
"command>), remember that it is the other repository's hooks you should be "
"checking, not your own."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:153
msgid "Hooks do not propagate"
msgstr "钩子不会传播"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:155
msgid ""
"In Mercurial, hooks are not revision controlled, and do not propagate when "
"you clone, or pull from, a repository.  The reason for this is simple: a hook "
"is a completely arbitrary piece of executable code.  It runs under your user "
"identity, with your privilege level, on your machine."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:162
msgid ""
"It would be extremely reckless for any distributed revision control system to "
"implement revision-controlled hooks, as this would offer an easily "
"exploitable way to subvert the accounts of users of the revision control "
"system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:168
msgid ""
"Since Mercurial does not propagate hooks, if you are collaborating with other "
"people on a common project, you should not assume that they are using the "
"same Mercurial hooks as you are, or that theirs are correctly configured.  "
"You should document the hooks you expect people to use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:175
msgid ""
"In a corporate intranet, this is somewhat easier to control, as you can for "
"example provide a <quote>standard</quote> installation of Mercurial on an NFS "
"filesystem, and use a site-wide <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> "
"file to define hooks that all users will see.  However, this too has its "
"limits; see below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:184
msgid "Hooks can be overridden"
msgstr "钩子可以被覆盖"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:186
msgid ""
"Mercurial allows you to override a hook definition by redefining the hook.  "
"You can disable it by setting its value to the empty string, or change its "
"behaviour as you wish."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:191
msgid ""
"If you deploy a system- or site-wide <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</"
"filename> file that defines some hooks, you should thus understand that your "
"users can disable or override those hooks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:199
msgid "Ensuring that critical hooks are run"
msgstr "确保关键钩子的执行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:201
msgid ""
"Sometimes you may want to enforce a policy that you do not want others to be "
"able to work around.  For example, you may have a requirement that every "
"changeset must pass a rigorous set of tests.  Defining this requirement via a "
"hook in a site-wide <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> won't work "
"for remote users on laptops, and of course local users can subvert it at will "
"by overriding the hook."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:210
msgid ""
"Instead, you can set up your policies for use of Mercurial so that people are "
"expected to propagate changes through a well-known <quote>canonical</quote> "
"server that you have locked down and configured appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:216
msgid ""
"One way to do this is via a combination of social engineering and "
"technology.  Set up a restricted-access account; users can push changes over "
"the network to repositories managed by this account, but they cannot log into "
"the account and run normal shell commands.  In this scenario, a user can "
"commit a changeset that contains any old garbage they want."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:225
msgid ""
"When someone pushes a changeset to the server that everyone pulls from, the "
"server will test the changeset before it accepts it as permanent, and reject "
"it if it fails to pass the test suite.  If people only pull changes from this "
"filtering server, it will serve to ensure that all changes that people pull "
"have been automatically vetted."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:236
msgid "Care with <literal>pretxn</literal> hooks in a shared-access repository"
msgstr "在共享版本库中注意 <literal>pretxn</literal> 钩子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:239
msgid ""
"If you want to use hooks to do some automated work in a repository that a "
"number of people have shared access to, you need to be careful in how you do "
"this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:244
msgid ""
"Mercurial only locks a repository when it is writing to the repository, and "
"only the parts of Mercurial that write to the repository pay attention to "
"locks.  Write locks are necessary to prevent multiple simultaneous writers "
"from scribbling on each other's work, corrupting the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:251
msgid ""
"Because Mercurial is careful with the order in which it reads and writes "
"data, it does not need to acquire a lock when it wants to read data from the "
"repository.  The parts of Mercurial that read from the repository never pay "
"attention to locks.  This lockless reading scheme greatly increases "
"performance and concurrency."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:259
msgid ""
"With great performance comes a trade-off, though, one which has the potential "
"to cause you trouble unless you're aware of it.  To describe this requires a "
"little detail about how Mercurial adds changesets to a repository and reads "
"those changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:266
msgid ""
"When Mercurial <emphasis>writes</emphasis> metadata, it writes it straight "
"into the destination file.  It writes file data first, then manifest data "
"(which contains pointers to the new file data), then changelog data (which "
"contains pointers to the new manifest data).  Before the first write to each "
"file, it stores a record of where the end of the file was in its transaction "
"log.  If the transaction must be rolled back, Mercurial simply truncates each "
"file back to the size it was before the transaction began."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:277
msgid ""
"When Mercurial <emphasis>reads</emphasis> metadata, it reads the changelog "
"first, then everything else.  Since a reader will only access parts of the "
"manifest or file metadata that it can see in the changelog, it can never see "
"partially written data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:283
msgid ""
"Some controlling hooks (<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> and "
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal>) run when a transaction is "
"almost complete. All of the metadata has been written, but Mercurial can "
"still roll the transaction back and cause the newly-written data to disappear."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:291
msgid ""
"If one of these hooks runs for long, it opens a window of time during which a "
"reader can see the metadata for changesets that are not yet permanent, and "
"should not be thought of as <quote>really there</quote>.  The longer the hook "
"runs, the longer that window is open."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:299
msgid "The problem illustrated"
msgstr "问题的演示"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:301
msgid ""
"In principle, a good use for the <literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</"
"literal> hook would be to automatically build and test incoming changes "
"before they are accepted into a central repository.  This could let you "
"guarantee that nobody can push changes to this repository that <quote>break "
"the build</quote>. But if a client can pull changes while they're being "
"tested, the usefulness of the test is zero; an unsuspecting someone can pull "
"untested changes, potentially breaking their build."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:312
msgid ""
"The safest technological answer to this challenge is to set up such a "
"<quote>gatekeeper</quote> repository as <emphasis>unidirectional</emphasis>.  "
"Let it take changes pushed in from the outside, but do not allow anyone to "
"pull changes from it (use the <literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal> "
"hook to lock it down).  Configure a <literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</"
"literal> hook so that if a build or test succeeds, the hook will push the new "
"changes out to another repository that people <emphasis>can</emphasis> pull "
"from."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:324
msgid ""
"In practice, putting a centralised bottleneck like this in place is not often "
"a good idea, and transaction visibility has nothing to do with the problem.  "
"As the size of a project&emdash;and the time it takes to build and "
"test&emdash;grows, you rapidly run into a wall with this <quote>try before "
"you buy</quote> approach, where you have more changesets to test than time in "
"which to deal with them.  The inevitable result is frustration on the part of "
"all involved."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:335
msgid ""
"An approach that scales better is to get people to build and test before they "
"push, then run automated builds and tests centrally <emphasis>after</"
"emphasis> a push, to be sure all is well.  The advantage of this approach is "
"that it does not impose a limit on the rate at which the repository can "
"accept changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:346
msgid "A short tutorial on using hooks"
msgstr "使用钩子的简短指南"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:348
msgid ""
"It is easy to write a Mercurial hook.  Let's start with a hook that runs when "
"you finish a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command>, and simply prints "
"the hash of the changeset you just created.  The hook is called <literal role="
"\"hook\">commit</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:355
msgid "All hooks follow the pattern in this example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:359
msgid ""
"You add an entry to the <literal role=\"rc-hooks\">hooks</literal> section of "
"your <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename>.  On the left is the name "
"of the event to trigger on; on the right is the action to take.  As you can "
"see, you can run an arbitrary shell command in a hook.  Mercurial passes "
"extra information to the hook using environment variables (look for "
"<envar>HG_NODE</envar> in the example)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:369
msgid "Performing multiple actions per event"
msgstr "每个事件执行多个操作"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:371
msgid ""
"Quite often, you will want to define more than one hook for a particular kind "
"of event, as shown below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:376
msgid ""
"Mercurial lets you do this by adding an <emphasis>extension</emphasis> to the "
"end of a hook's name.  You extend a hook's name by giving the name of the "
"hook, followed by a full stop (the <quote><literal>.</literal></quote> "
"character), followed by some more text of your choosing.  For example, "
"Mercurial will run both <literal>commit.foo</literal> and <literal>commit."
"bar</literal> when the <literal>commit</literal> event occurs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:387
msgid ""
"To give a well-defined order of execution when there are multiple hooks "
"defined for an event, Mercurial sorts hooks by extension, and executes the "
"hook commands in this sorted order.  In the above example, it will execute "
"<literal>commit.bar</literal> before <literal>commit.foo</literal>, and "
"<literal>commit</literal> before both."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:396
msgid ""
"It is a good idea to use a somewhat descriptive extension when you define a "
"new hook.  This will help you to remember what the hook was for.  If the hook "
"fails, you'll get an error message that contains the hook name and extension, "
"so using a descriptive extension could give you an immediate hint as to why "
"the hook failed (see <xref linkend=\"sec:hook:perm\"/> for an example)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:407
msgid "Controlling whether an activity can proceed"
msgstr "控制处理的活动"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:409
msgid ""
"In our earlier examples, we used the <literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal> "
"hook, which is run after a commit has completed.  This is one of several "
"Mercurial hooks that run after an activity finishes.  Such hooks have no way "
"of influencing the activity itself."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:416
msgid ""
"Mercurial defines a number of events that occur before an activity starts; or "
"after it starts, but before it finishes.  Hooks that trigger on these events "
"have the added ability to choose whether the activity can continue, or will "
"abort."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:422
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook runs after a commit "
"has all but completed.  In other words, the metadata representing the "
"changeset has been written out to disk, but the transaction has not yet been "
"allowed to complete.  The <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook "
"has the ability to decide whether the transaction can complete, or must be "
"rolled back."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:431
msgid ""
"If the <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook exits with a status "
"code of zero, the transaction is allowed to complete; the commit finishes; "
"and the <literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal> hook is run.  If the <literal "
"role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook exits with a non-zero status code, "
"the transaction is rolled back; the metadata representing the changeset is "
"erased; and the <literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal> hook is not run."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:443
msgid ""
"The hook in the example above checks that a commit comment contains a bug "
"ID.  If it does, the commit can complete.  If not, the commit is rolled back."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:451
msgid "Writing your own hooks"
msgstr "编写钩子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:453
msgid ""
"When you are writing a hook, you might find it useful to run Mercurial either "
"with the <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">-v</option> option, or the <envar "
"role=\"rc-item-ui\">verbose</envar> config item set to <quote>true</quote>.  "
"When you do so, Mercurial will print a message before it calls each hook."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:462
msgid "Choosing how your hook should run"
msgstr "选择钩子的执行方式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:464
msgid ""
"You can write a hook either as a normal program&emdash;typically a shell "
"script&emdash;or as a Python function that is executed within the Mercurial "
"process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:469
msgid ""
"Writing a hook as an external program has the advantage that it requires no "
"knowledge of Mercurial's internals.  You can call normal Mercurial commands "
"to get any added information you need.  The trade-off is that external hooks "
"are slower than in-process hooks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:476
msgid ""
"An in-process Python hook has complete access to the Mercurial API, and does "
"not <quote>shell out</quote> to another process, so it is inherently faster "
"than an external hook.  It is also easier to obtain much of the information "
"that a hook requires by using the Mercurial API than by running Mercurial "
"commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:484
msgid ""
"If you are comfortable with Python, or require high performance, writing your "
"hooks in Python may be a good choice.  However, when you have a "
"straightforward hook to write and you don't need to care about performance "
"(probably the majority of hooks), a shell script is perfectly fine."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:493
msgid "Hook parameters"
msgstr "钩子的参数"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:495
msgid ""
"Mercurial calls each hook with a set of well-defined parameters.  In Python, "
"a parameter is passed as a keyword argument to your hook function.  For an "
"external program, a parameter is passed as an environment variable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:501
msgid ""
"Whether your hook is written in Python or as a shell script, the hook-"
"specific parameter names and values will be the same.  A boolean parameter "
"will be represented as a boolean value in Python, but as the number 1 (for "
"<quote>true</quote>) or 0 (for <quote>false</quote>) as an environment "
"variable for an external hook.  If a hook parameter is named <literal>foo</"
"literal>, the keyword argument for a Python hook will also be named "
"<literal>foo</literal>, while the environment variable for an external hook "
"will be named <literal>HG_FOO</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:515
msgid "Hook return values and activity control"
msgstr "钩子的返回值与活动控制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:517
msgid ""
"A hook that executes successfully must exit with a status of zero if "
"external, or return boolean <quote>false</quote> if in-process.  Failure is "
"indicated with a non-zero exit status from an external hook, or an in-process "
"hook returning boolean <quote>true</quote>.  If an in-process hook raises an "
"exception, the hook is considered to have failed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:525
msgid ""
"For a hook that controls whether an activity can proceed, zero/false means "
"<quote>allow</quote>, while non-zero/true/exception means <quote>deny</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:532
msgid "Writing an external hook"
msgstr "编写外部钩子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:534
msgid ""
"When you define an external hook in your <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</"
"filename> and the hook is run, its value is passed to your shell, which "
"interprets it.  This means that you can use normal shell constructs in the "
"body of the hook."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:541
msgid ""
"An executable hook is always run with its current directory set to a "
"repository's root directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:545
msgid ""
"Each hook parameter is passed in as an environment variable; the name is "
"upper-cased, and prefixed with the string <quote><literal>HG_</literal></"
"quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:550
msgid ""
"With the exception of hook parameters, Mercurial does not set or modify any "
"environment variables when running a hook.  This is useful to remember if you "
"are writing a site-wide hook that may be run by a number of different users "
"with differing environment variables set. In multi-user situations, you "
"should not rely on environment variables being set to the values you have in "
"your environment when testing the hook."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:561
msgid "Telling Mercurial to use an in-process hook"
msgstr "让 Mercurial 使用进程内钩子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:563
msgid ""
"The <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> syntax for defining an in-"
"process hook is slightly different than for an executable hook.  The value of "
"the hook must start with the text <quote><literal>python:</literal></quote>, "
"and continue with the fully-qualified name of a callable object to use as the "
"hook's value."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:571
msgid ""
"The module in which a hook lives is automatically imported when a hook is "
"run.  So long as you have the module name and <envar>PYTHONPATH</envar> "
"right, it should <quote>just work</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:577
msgid ""
"The following <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> example snippet "
"illustrates the syntax and meaning of the notions we just described."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:583
msgid ""
"When Mercurial runs the <literal>commit.example</literal> hook, it imports "
"<literal>mymodule.submodule</literal>, looks for the callable object named "
"<literal>myhook</literal>, and calls it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:591
msgid "Writing an in-process hook"
msgstr "编写进程内钩子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:593
msgid ""
"The simplest in-process hook does nothing, but illustrates the basic shape of "
"the hook API:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:598
msgid ""
"The first argument to a Python hook is always a <literal role=\"py-mod-"
"mercurial.ui\">ui</literal> object.  The second is a repository object; at "
"the moment, it is always an instance of <literal role=\"py-mod-mercurial."
"localrepo\">localrepository</literal>.  Following these two arguments are "
"other keyword arguments.  Which ones are passed in depends on the hook being "
"called, but a hook can ignore arguments it doesn't care about by dropping "
"them into a keyword argument dict, as with <literal>**kwargs</literal> above."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:613
msgid "Some hook examples"
msgstr "钩子样例"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:616
msgid "Writing meaningful commit messages"
msgstr "编写有意义的提交日志"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:618
msgid ""
"It's hard to imagine a useful commit message being very short. The simple "
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook of the example below will "
"prevent you from committing a changeset with a message that is less than ten "
"bytes long."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:628
msgid "Checking for trailing whitespace"
msgstr "检查行尾空格"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:630
msgid ""
"An interesting use of a commit-related hook is to help you to write cleaner "
"code.  A simple example of <quote>cleaner code</quote> is the dictum that a "
"change should not add any new lines of text that contain <quote>trailing "
"whitespace</quote>.  Trailing whitespace is a series of space and tab "
"characters at the end of a line of text.  In most cases, trailing whitespace "
"is unnecessary, invisible noise, but it is occasionally problematic, and "
"people often prefer to get rid of it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:641
msgid ""
"You can use either the <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal> or <literal "
"role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook to tell whether you have a trailing "
"whitespace problem.  If you use the <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</"
"literal> hook, the hook will not know which files you are committing, so it "
"will have to check every modified file in the repository for trailing white "
"space.  If you want to commit a change to just the file <filename>foo</"
"filename>, but the file <filename>bar</filename> contains trailing "
"whitespace, doing a check in the <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal> "
"hook will prevent you from committing <filename>foo</filename> due to the "
"problem with <filename>bar</filename>.  This doesn't seem right."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:657
msgid ""
"Should you choose the <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook, the "
"check won't occur until just before the transaction for the commit "
"completes.  This will allow you to check for problems only the exact files "
"that are being committed.  However, if you entered the commit message "
"interactively and the hook fails, the transaction will roll back; you'll have "
"to re-enter the commit message after you fix the trailing whitespace and run "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> again."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:670
msgid ""
"In this example, we introduce a simple <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</"
"literal> hook that checks for trailing whitespace.  This hook is short, but "
"not very helpful.  It exits with an error status if a change adds a line with "
"trailing whitespace to any file, but does not print any information that "
"might help us to identify the offending file or line.  It also has the nice "
"property of not paying attention to unmodified lines; only lines that "
"introduce new trailing whitespace cause problems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:681
msgid ""
"The above version is much more complex, but also more useful.  It parses a "
"unified diff to see if any lines add trailing whitespace, and prints the name "
"of the file and the line number of each such occurrence.  Even better, if the "
"change adds trailing whitespace, this hook saves the commit comment and "
"prints the name of the save file before exiting and telling Mercurial to roll "
"the transaction back, so you can use the <option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">-l "
"filename</option> option to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> to "
"reuse the saved commit message once you've corrected the problem."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:695
msgid ""
"As a final aside, note in the example above the use of <command>perl</"
"command>'s in-place editing feature to get rid of trailing whitespace from a "
"file.  This is concise and useful enough that I will reproduce it here."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:705
msgid "Bundled hooks"
msgstr "内置的钩子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:707
msgid ""
"Mercurial ships with several bundled hooks.  You can find them in the "
"<filename class=\"directory\">hgext</filename> directory of a Mercurial "
"source tree.  If you are using a Mercurial binary package, the hooks will be "
"located in the <filename class=\"directory\">hgext</filename> directory of "
"wherever your package installer put Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:716
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal>&emdash;access control for parts of a "
"repository"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal>—版本库的访问控制"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:719
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal> extension lets you control which "
"remote users are allowed to push changesets to a networked server.  You can "
"protect any portion of a repository (including the entire repo), so that a "
"specific remote user can push changes that do not affect the protected "
"portion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:727
msgid ""
"This extension implements access control based on the identity of the user "
"performing a push, <emphasis>not</emphasis> on who committed the changesets "
"they're pushing.  It makes sense to use this hook only if you have a locked-"
"down server environment that authenticates remote users, and you want to be "
"sure that only specific users are allowed to push changes to that server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:737
msgid "Configuring the <literal role=\"hook\">acl</literal> hook"
msgstr "配置 <literal role=\"hook\">acl</literal> 钩子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:740
msgid ""
"In order to manage incoming changesets, the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</"
"literal> hook must be used as a <literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</"
"literal> hook.  This lets it see which files are modified by each incoming "
"changeset, and roll back a group of changesets if they modify "
"<quote>forbidden</quote> files.  Example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:750
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal> extension is configured using "
"three sections."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:754
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"rc-acl\">acl</literal> section has only one entry, <envar "
"role=\"rc-item-acl\">sources</envar>, which lists the sources of incoming "
"changesets that the hook should pay attention to.  You don't normally need to "
"configure this section."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:761
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-acl\">serve</envar>: Control incoming changesets that "
"are arriving from a remote repository over http or ssh.  This is the default "
"value of <envar role=\"rc-item-acl\">sources</envar>, and usually the only "
"setting you'll need for this configuration item."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:769
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-acl\">pull</envar>: Control incoming changesets that "
"are arriving via a pull from a local repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:774
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-acl\">push</envar>: Control incoming changesets that "
"are arriving via a push from a local repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:779
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-acl\">bundle</envar>: Control incoming changesets that "
"are arriving from another repository via a bundle."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:785
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"rc-acl.allow\">acl.allow</literal> section controls the "
"users that are allowed to add changesets to the repository.  If this section "
"is not present, all users that are not explicitly denied are allowed.  If "
"this section is present, all users that are not explicitly allowed are denied "
"(so an empty section means that all users are denied)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:794
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"rc-acl.deny\">acl.deny</literal> section determines which "
"users are denied from adding changesets to the repository.  If this section "
"is not present or is empty, no users are denied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:800
msgid ""
"The syntaxes for the <literal role=\"rc-acl.allow\">acl.allow</literal> and "
"<literal role=\"rc-acl.deny\">acl.deny</literal> sections are identical.  On "
"the left of each entry is a glob pattern that matches files or directories, "
"relative to the root of the repository; on the right, a user name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:808
msgid ""
"In the following example, the user <literal>docwriter</literal> can only push "
"changes to the <filename class=\"directory\">docs</filename> subtree of the "
"repository, while <literal>intern</literal> can push changes to any file or "
"directory except <filename class=\"directory\">source/sensitive</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:822 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1089 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1279
msgid "Testing and troubleshooting"
msgstr "测试与问题处理"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:824
msgid ""
"If you want to test the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal> hook, run it "
"with Mercurial's debugging output enabled.  Since you'll probably be running "
"it on a server where it's not convenient (or sometimes possible) to pass in "
"the <option role=\"hg-opt-global\">--debug</option> option, don't forget that "
"you can enable debugging output in your <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</"
"filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:835
msgid ""
"With this enabled, the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal> hook will print "
"enough information to let you figure out why it is allowing or forbidding "
"pushes from specific users."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:844
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal>&emdash;integration with Bugzilla"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal>—与 Bugzilla 的集成"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:848
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal> extension adds a comment to a "
"Bugzilla bug whenever it finds a reference to that bug ID in a commit "
"comment.  You can install this hook on a shared server, so that any time a "
"remote user pushes changes to this server, the hook gets run."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:855
msgid ""
"It adds a comment to the bug that looks like this (you can configure the "
"contents of the comment&emdash;see below):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:864
msgid ""
"The value of this hook is that it automates the process of updating a bug any "
"time a changeset refers to it.  If you configure the hook properly, it makes "
"it easy for people to browse straight from a Bugzilla bug to a changeset that "
"refers to that bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:871
msgid ""
"You can use the code in this hook as a starting point for some more exotic "
"Bugzilla integration recipes.  Here are a few possibilities:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:876
msgid ""
"Require that every changeset pushed to the server have a valid bug ID in its "
"commit comment.  In this case, you'd want to configure the hook as a <literal "
"role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> hook.  This would allow the hook to "
"reject changes that didn't contain bug IDs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:884
msgid ""
"Allow incoming changesets to automatically modify the <emphasis>state</"
"emphasis> of a bug, as well as simply adding a comment.  For example, the "
"hook could recognise the string <quote>fixed bug 31337</quote> as indicating "
"that it should update the state of bug 31337 to <quote>requires testing</"
"quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:894
msgid "Configuring the <literal role=\"hook\">bugzilla</literal> hook"
msgstr "配置 <literal role=\"hook\">bugzilla</literal> 钩子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:897
msgid ""
"You should configure this hook in your server's <filename role=\"special\">~/."
"hgrc</filename> as an <literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal> hook, for "
"example as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:905
msgid ""
"Because of the specialised nature of this hook, and because Bugzilla was not "
"written with this kind of integration in mind, configuring this hook is a "
"somewhat involved process."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:911
msgid ""
"Before you begin, you must install the MySQL bindings for Python on the host"
"(s) where you'll be running the hook.  If this is not available as a binary "
"package for your system, you can download it from <citation>web:mysql-python</"
"citation>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:918
msgid ""
"Configuration information for this hook lives in the <literal role=\"rc-"
"bugzilla\">bugzilla</literal> section of your <filename role=\"special\">~/."
"hgrc</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:923
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">version</envar>: The version of Bugzilla "
"installed on the server.  The database schema that Bugzilla uses changes "
"occasionally, so this hook has to know exactly which schema to use. At the "
"moment, the only version supported is <literal>2.16</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:932
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">host</envar>: The hostname of the MySQL "
"server that stores your Bugzilla data.  The database must be configured to "
"allow connections from whatever host you are running the <literal role=\"hook"
"\">bugzilla</literal> hook on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:939
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">user</envar>: The username with which to "
"connect to the MySQL server.  The database must be configured to allow this "
"user to connect from whatever host you are running the <literal role=\"hook"
"\">bugzilla</literal> hook on.  This user must be able to access and modify "
"Bugzilla tables.  The default value of this item is <literal>bugs</literal>, "
"which is the standard name of the Bugzilla user in a MySQL database."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:950
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">password</envar>: The MySQL password for the "
"user you configured above.  This is stored as plain text, so you should make "
"sure that unauthorised users cannot read the <filename role=\"special\">~/."
"hgrc</filename> file where you store this information."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:959
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">db</envar>: The name of the Bugzilla "
"database on the MySQL server.  The default value of this item is "
"<literal>bugs</literal>, which is the standard name of the MySQL database "
"where Bugzilla stores its data."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:966
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">notify</envar>: If you want Bugzilla to send "
"out a notification email to subscribers after this hook has added a comment "
"to a bug, you will need this hook to run a command whenever it updates the "
"database.  The command to run depends on where you have installed Bugzilla, "
"but it will typically look something like this, if you have Bugzilla "
"installed in <filename class=\"directory\">/var/www/html/bugzilla</filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:979
msgid ""
"The Bugzilla <literal>processmail</literal> program expects to be given a bug "
"ID (the hook replaces <quote><literal>%s</literal></quote> with the bug ID)  "
"and an email address.  It also expects to be able to write to some files in "
"the directory that it runs in.  If Bugzilla and this hook are not installed "
"on the same machine, you will need to find a way to run <literal>processmail</"
"literal> on the server where Bugzilla is installed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:994
msgid "Mapping committer names to Bugzilla user names"
msgstr "提交者的名称与 Bugzilla 用户名称的映射"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:996
msgid ""
"By default, the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal> hook tries to use "
"the email address of a changeset's committer as the Bugzilla user name with "
"which to update a bug.  If this does not suit your needs, you can map "
"committer email addresses to Bugzilla user names using a <literal role=\"rc-"
"usermap\">usermap</literal> section."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1005
msgid ""
"Each item in the <literal role=\"rc-usermap\">usermap</literal> section "
"contains an email address on the left, and a Bugzilla user name on the right."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1012
msgid ""
"You can either keep the <literal role=\"rc-usermap\">usermap</literal> data "
"in a normal <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename>, or tell the "
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal> hook to read the information from "
"an external <filename>usermap</filename> file.  In the latter case, you can "
"store <filename>usermap</filename> data by itself in (for example)  a user-"
"modifiable repository.  This makes it possible to let your users maintain "
"their own <envar role=\"rc-item-bugzilla\">usermap</envar> entries.  The main "
"<filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> file might look like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1028
msgid ""
"While the <filename>usermap</filename> file that it refers to might look like "
"this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1036
msgid "Configuring the text that gets added to a bug"
msgstr "配置增加到问题中的正文"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1038
msgid ""
"You can configure the text that this hook adds as a comment; you specify it "
"in the form of a Mercurial template.  Several <filename role=\"special\">~/."
"hgrc</filename> entries (still in the <literal role=\"rc-bugzilla\">bugzilla</"
"literal> section) control this behaviour."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1045
msgid ""
"<literal>strip</literal>: The number of leading path elements to strip from a "
"repository's path name to construct a partial path for a URL. For example, if "
"the repositories on your server live under <filename class=\"directory\">/"
"home/hg/repos</filename>, and you have a repository whose path is <filename "
"class=\"directory\">/home/hg/repos/app/tests</filename>, then setting "
"<literal>strip</literal> to <literal>4</literal> will give a partial path of "
"<filename class=\"directory\">app/tests</filename>.  The hook will make this "
"partial path available when expanding a template, as <literal>webroot</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1059
msgid ""
"<literal>template</literal>: The text of the template to use.  In addition to "
"the usual changeset-related variables, this template can use <literal>hgweb</"
"literal> (the value of the <literal>hgweb</literal> configuration item above) "
"and <literal>webroot</literal> (the path constructed using <literal>strip</"
"literal> above)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1069
msgid ""
"In addition, you can add a <envar role=\"rc-item-web\">baseurl</envar> item "
"to the <literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> section of your <filename role="
"\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename>.  The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</"
"literal> hook will make this available when expanding a template, as the base "
"string to use when constructing a URL that will let users browse from a "
"Bugzilla comment to view a changeset.  Example:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1081
msgid ""
"Here is an example set of <literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal> hook "
"config information."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1091
msgid ""
"The most common problems with configuring the <literal role=\"hg-ext"
"\">bugzilla</literal> hook relate to running Bugzilla's "
"<filename>processmail</filename> script and mapping committer names to user "
"names."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1097
msgid ""
"Recall from <xref linkend=\"sec:hook:bugzilla:config\"/> above that the user "
"that runs the Mercurial process on the server is also the one that will run "
"the <filename>processmail</filename> script.  The <filename>processmail</"
"filename> script sometimes causes Bugzilla to write to files in its "
"configuration directory, and Bugzilla's configuration files are usually owned "
"by the user that your web server runs under."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1108
msgid ""
"You can cause <filename>processmail</filename> to be run with the suitable "
"user's identity using the <command>sudo</command> command.  Here is an "
"example entry for a <filename>sudoers</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1115
msgid ""
"This allows the <literal>hg_user</literal> user to run a "
"<filename>processmail-wrapper</filename> program under the identity of "
"<literal>httpd_user</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1120
msgid ""
"This indirection through a wrapper script is necessary, because "
"<filename>processmail</filename> expects to be run with its current directory "
"set to wherever you installed Bugzilla; you can't specify that kind of "
"constraint in a <filename>sudoers</filename> file.  The contents of the "
"wrapper script are simple:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1129
msgid ""
"It doesn't seem to matter what email address you pass to "
"<filename>processmail</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1133
msgid ""
"If your <literal role=\"rc-usermap\">usermap</literal> is not set up "
"correctly, users will see an error message from the <literal role=\"hg-ext"
"\">bugzilla</literal> hook when they push changes to the server.  The error "
"message will look like this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1140
msgid ""
"What this means is that the committer's address, <literal>john.q."
"[e-mail]</literal>, is not a valid Bugzilla user name, nor does it "
"have an entry in your <literal role=\"rc-usermap\">usermap</literal> that "
"maps it to a valid Bugzilla user name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1150
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal>&emdash;send email notifications"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal>—邮件通知"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1153
msgid ""
"Although Mercurial's built-in web server provides RSS feeds of changes in "
"every repository, many people prefer to receive change notifications via "
"email.  The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> hook lets you send out "
"notifications to a set of email addresses whenever changesets arrive that "
"those subscribers are interested in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1161
msgid ""
"As with the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal> hook, the <literal "
"role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> hook is template-driven, so you can "
"customise the contents of the notification messages that it sends."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1167
msgid ""
"By default, the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> hook includes a "
"diff of every changeset that it sends out; you can limit the size of the "
"diff, or turn this feature off entirely.  It is useful for letting "
"subscribers review changes immediately, rather than clicking to follow a URL."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1175
msgid "Configuring the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> hook"
msgstr "配置 <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> 钩子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1178
msgid ""
"You can set up the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> hook to send one "
"email message per incoming changeset, or one per incoming group of changesets "
"(all those that arrived in a single pull or push)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1190
msgid ""
"Configuration information for this hook lives in the <literal role=\"rc-notify"
"\">notify</literal> section of a <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</"
"filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1195
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">test</envar>: By default, this hook does not "
"send out email at all; instead, it prints the message that it "
"<emphasis>would</emphasis> send.  Set this item to <literal>false</literal> "
"to allow email to be sent. The reason that sending of email is turned off by "
"default is that it takes several tries to configure this extension exactly as "
"you would like, and it would be bad form to spam subscribers with a number of "
"<quote>broken</quote> notifications while you debug your configuration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1207
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">config</envar>: The path to a configuration "
"file that contains subscription information.  This is kept separate from the "
"main <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> so that you can maintain "
"it in a repository of its own.  People can then clone that repository, update "
"their subscriptions, and push the changes back to your server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1216
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">strip</envar>: The number of leading path "
"separator characters to strip from a repository's path, when deciding whether "
"a repository has subscribers.  For example, if the repositories on your "
"server live in <filename class=\"directory\">/home/hg/repos</filename>, and "
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> is considering a repository named "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/home/hg/repos/shared/test</filename>, setting "
"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">strip</envar> to <literal>4</literal> will "
"cause <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> to trim the path it considers "
"down to <filename class=\"directory\">shared/test</filename>, and it will "
"match subscribers against that."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1233
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">template</envar>: The template text to use "
"when sending messages.  This specifies both the contents of the message "
"header and its body."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1239
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">maxdiff</envar>: The maximum number of lines "
"of diff data to append to the end of a message.  If a diff is longer than "
"this, it is truncated.  By default, this is set to 300.  Set this to "
"<literal>0</literal> to omit diffs from notification emails."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1248
msgid ""
"<envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">sources</envar>: A list of sources of "
"changesets to consider.  This lets you limit <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</"
"literal> to only sending out email about changes that remote users pushed "
"into this repository via a server, for example.  See <xref linkend=\"sec:hook:"
"sources\"/> for the sources you can specify here."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1259
msgid ""
"If you set the <envar role=\"rc-item-web\">baseurl</envar> item in the "
"<literal role=\"rc-web\">web</literal> section, you can use it in a template; "
"it will be available as <literal>webroot</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1265
msgid ""
"Here is an example set of <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> "
"configuration information."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1271
msgid "This will produce a message that looks like the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1281
msgid ""
"Do not forget that by default, the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">notify</literal> "
"extension <emphasis>will not send any mail</emphasis> until you explicitly "
"configure it to do so, by setting <envar role=\"rc-item-notify\">test</envar> "
"to <literal>false</literal>.  Until you do that, it simply prints the message "
"it <emphasis>would</emphasis> send."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1293
msgid "Information for writers of hooks"
msgstr "编写钩子的信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1296
msgid "In-process hook execution"
msgstr "进程内钩子的执行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1298
msgid "An in-process hook is called with arguments of the following form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1302
msgid ""
"The <literal>ui</literal> parameter is a <literal role=\"py-mod-mercurial.ui"
"\">ui</literal> object. The <literal>repo</literal> parameter is a <literal "
"role=\"py-mod-mercurial.localrepo\">localrepository</literal> object.  The "
"names and values of the <literal>**kwargs</literal> parameters depend on the "
"hook being invoked, with the following common features:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1311
msgid ""
"If a parameter is named <literal>node</literal> or <literal>parentN</"
"literal>, it will contain a hexadecimal changeset ID. The empty string is "
"used to represent <quote>null changeset ID</quote> instead of a string of "
"zeroes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1318
msgid ""
"If a parameter is named <literal>url</literal>, it will contain the URL of a "
"remote repository, if that can be determined."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1323
msgid ""
"Boolean-valued parameters are represented as Python <literal>bool</literal> "
"objects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1328
msgid ""
"An in-process hook is called without a change to the process's working "
"directory (unlike external hooks, which are run in the root of the "
"repository).  It must not change the process's working directory, or it will "
"cause any calls it makes into the Mercurial API to fail."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1335
msgid ""
"If a hook returns a boolean <quote>false</quote> value, it is considered to "
"have succeeded.  If it returns a boolean <quote>true</quote> value or raises "
"an exception, it is considered to have failed.  A useful way to think of the "
"calling convention is <quote>tell me if you fail</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1342
msgid ""
"Note that changeset IDs are passed into Python hooks as hexadecimal strings, "
"not the binary hashes that Mercurial's APIs normally use.  To convert a hash "
"from hex to binary, use the <literal>bin</literal> function."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1350
msgid "External hook execution"
msgstr "外部钩子的执行"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1352
msgid ""
"An external hook is passed to the shell of the user running Mercurial. "
"Features of that shell, such as variable substitution and command "
"redirection, are available.  The hook is run in the root directory of the "
"repository (unlike in-process hooks, which are run in the same directory that "
"Mercurial was run in)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1360
msgid ""
"Hook parameters are passed to the hook as environment variables.  Each "
"environment variable's name is converted in upper case and prefixed with the "
"string <quote><literal>HG_</literal></quote>.  For example, if the name of a "
"parameter is <quote><literal>node</literal></quote>, the name of the "
"environment variable representing that parameter will be "
"<quote><literal>HG_NODE</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1369
msgid ""
"A boolean parameter is represented as the string <quote><literal>1</literal></"
"quote> for <quote>true</quote>, <quote><literal>0</literal></quote> for "
"<quote>false</quote>.  If an environment variable is named <envar>HG_NODE</"
"envar>, <envar>HG_PARENT1</envar> or <envar>HG_PARENT2</envar>, it contains a "
"changeset ID represented as a hexadecimal string.  The empty string is used "
"to represent <quote>null changeset ID</quote> instead of a string of zeroes.  "
"If an environment variable is named <envar>HG_URL</envar>, it will contain "
"the URL of a remote repository, if that can be determined."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1381
msgid ""
"If a hook exits with a status of zero, it is considered to have succeeded.  "
"If it exits with a non-zero status, it is considered to have failed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1388
msgid "Finding out where changesets come from"
msgstr "检查修改集来自何处"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1390
msgid ""
"A hook that involves the transfer of changesets between a local repository "
"and another may be able to find out information about the <quote>far side</"
"quote>.  Mercurial knows <emphasis>how</emphasis> changes are being "
"transferred, and in many cases <emphasis>where</emphasis> they are being "
"transferred to or from."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1399
msgid "Sources of changesets"
msgstr "修改集的来源"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1401
msgid ""
"Mercurial will tell a hook what means are, or were, used to transfer "
"changesets between repositories.  This is provided by Mercurial in a Python "
"parameter named <literal>source</literal>, or an environment variable named "
"<envar>HG_SOURCE</envar>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1409
msgid ""
"<literal>serve</literal>: Changesets are transferred to or from a remote "
"repository over http or ssh."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1414
msgid ""
"<literal>pull</literal>: Changesets are being transferred via a pull from one "
"repository into another."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1419
msgid ""
"<literal>push</literal>: Changesets are being transferred via a push from one "
"repository into another."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1424
msgid ""
"<literal>bundle</literal>: Changesets are being transferred to or from a "
"bundle."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1431
msgid "Where changes are going&emdash;remote repository URLs"
msgstr "修改集要到哪里—远程版本库的地址"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1434
msgid ""
"When possible, Mercurial will tell a hook the location of the <quote>far "
"side</quote> of an activity that transfers changeset data between "
"repositories.  This is provided by Mercurial in a Python parameter named "
"<literal>url</literal>, or an environment variable named <envar>HG_URL</"
"envar>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1442
msgid ""
"This information is not always known.  If a hook is invoked in a repository "
"that is being served via http or ssh, Mercurial cannot tell where the remote "
"repository is, but it may know where the client is connecting from.  In such "
"cases, the URL will take one of the following forms:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1449
msgid ""
"<literal>remote:ssh:1.2.3.4</literal>&emdash;remote ssh client, at the IP "
"address <literal>1.2.3.4</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1454
msgid ""
"<literal>remote:http:1.2.3.4</literal>&emdash;remote http client, at the IP "
"address <literal>1.2.3.4</literal>.  If the client is using SSL, this will be "
"of the form <literal>remote:https:1.2.3.4</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1461
msgid "Empty&emdash;no information could be discovered about the remote client."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1470
msgid "Hook reference"
msgstr "钩子参考"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1473
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal>&emdash;after remote changesets "
"added"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal>—增加远程修改集之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1476
msgid ""
"This hook is run after a group of pre-existing changesets has been added to "
"the repository, for example via a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> "
"or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg unbundle</command>.  This hook is run once per "
"operation that added one or more changesets.  This is in contrast to the "
"<literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal> hook, which is run once per "
"changeset, regardless of whether the changesets arrive in a group."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1486
msgid ""
"Some possible uses for this hook include kicking off an automated build or "
"test of the added changesets, updating a bug database, or notifying "
"subscribers that a repository contains new changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1492 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1532 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1576
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1618 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1673 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1713
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1749 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1783 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1846
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1904 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1940 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1967
msgid "Parameters to this hook:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1495 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1849
msgid ""
"<literal>node</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the first "
"changeset in the group that was added.  All changesets between this and "
"<literal role=\"tag\">tip</literal>, inclusive, were added by a single "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</"
"command> or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg unbundle</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1504 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1583 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1676
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1859
msgid ""
"<literal>source</literal>: A string.  The source of these changes.  See <xref "
"linkend=\"sec:hook:sources\"/> for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1509 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1588 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1639
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1681 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1762 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1864
msgid ""
"<literal>url</literal>: A URL.  The location of the remote repository, if "
"known.  See <xref linkend=\"sec:hook:url\"/> for more information."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1515
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:"
"incoming\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal> (<xref linkend="
"\"sec:hook:prechangegroup\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</"
"literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:pretxnchangegroup\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1526
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal>&emdash;after a new changeset is "
"created"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal>—创建新修改集之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1529
msgid "This hook is run after a new changeset has been created."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1535 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1907
msgid ""
"<literal>node</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the newly "
"committed changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1539 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1911
msgid ""
"<literal>parent1</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the first "
"parent of the newly committed changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1544 ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1916
msgid ""
"<literal>parent2</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the second "
"parent of the newly committed changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1550
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:"
"hook:precommit\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> (<xref "
"linkend=\"sec:hook:pretxncommit\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1559
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal>&emdash;after one remote changeset "
"is added"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal>—增加远程修改集之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1562
msgid ""
"This hook is run after a pre-existing changeset has been added to the "
"repository, for example via a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command>.  If "
"a group of changesets was added in a single operation, this hook is called "
"once for each added changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1569
msgid ""
"You can use this hook for the same purposes as the <literal role=\"hook"
"\">changegroup</literal> hook (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:changegroup\"/>); "
"it's simply more convenient sometimes to run a hook once per group of "
"changesets, while other times it's handier once per changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1579
msgid ""
"<literal>node</literal>: A changeset ID.  The ID of the newly added changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1594
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:"
"hook:changegroup\"/>) <literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal> (<xref "
"linkend=\"sec:hook:prechangegroup\"/>), <literal role=\"hook"
"\">pretxnchangegroup</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:pretxnchangegroup\"/"
">)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1605
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal>&emdash;after changesets are "
"propagated"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal>—传播修改集之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1608
msgid ""
"This hook is run after a group of changesets has been propagated out of this "
"repository, for example by a <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg push</command> or "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg bundle</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1614
msgid ""
"One possible use for this hook is to notify administrators that changes have "
"been pulled."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1621
msgid ""
"<literal>node</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the first "
"changeset of the group that was sent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1626
msgid ""
"<literal>source</literal>: A string.  The source of the of the operation (see "
"<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:sources\"/>).  If a remote client pulled changes "
"from this repository, <literal>source</literal> will be <literal>serve</"
"literal>.  If the client that obtained changes from this repository was "
"local, <literal>source</literal> will be <literal>bundle</literal>, "
"<literal>pull</literal>, or <literal>push</literal>, depending on the "
"operation the client performed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1645
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:"
"hook:preoutgoing\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1652
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal>&emdash;before starting to add "
"remote changesets"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</literal>—增加远程修改集之前"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1656
msgid ""
"This controlling hook is run before Mercurial begins to add a group of "
"changesets from another repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1660
msgid ""
"This hook does not have any information about the changesets to be added, "
"because it is run before transmission of those changesets is allowed to "
"begin.  If this hook fails, the changesets will not be transmitted."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1666
msgid ""
"One use for this hook is to prevent external changes from being added to a "
"repository.  For example, you could use this to <quote>freeze</quote> a "
"server-hosted branch temporarily or permanently so that users cannot push to "
"it, while still allowing a local administrator to modify the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1687
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:"
"hook:changegroup\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal> (<xref "
"linkend=\"sec:hook:incoming\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</"
"literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:pretxnchangegroup\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1698
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal>&emdash;before starting to commit a "
"changeset"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal>—提交修改集之前"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1701
msgid ""
"This hook is run before Mercurial begins to commit a new changeset. It is run "
"before Mercurial has any of the metadata for the commit, such as the files to "
"be committed, the commit message, or the commit date."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1707
msgid ""
"One use for this hook is to disable the ability to commit new changesets, "
"while still allowing incoming changesets.  Another is to run a build or test, "
"and only allow the commit to begin if the build or test succeeds."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1716
msgid ""
"<literal>parent1</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the first "
"parent of the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1721
msgid ""
"<literal>parent2</literal>: A changeset ID.  The changeset ID of the second "
"parent of the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1726
msgid ""
"If the commit proceeds, the parents of the working directory will become the "
"parents of the new changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1730
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">commit</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:"
"commit\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> (<xref linkend="
"\"sec:hook:pretxncommit\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1738
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal>&emdash;before starting to "
"propagate changesets"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">preoutgoing</literal>—传播修改集之前"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1741
msgid ""
"This hook is invoked before Mercurial knows the identities of the changesets "
"to be transmitted."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1745
msgid ""
"One use for this hook is to prevent changes from being transmitted to another "
"repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1752
msgid ""
"<literal>source</literal>: A string.  The source of the operation that is "
"attempting to obtain changes from this repository (see <xref linkend=\"sec:"
"hook:sources\"/>).  See the documentation for the <literal>source</literal> "
"parameter to the <literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal> hook, in <xref "
"linkend=\"sec:hook:outgoing\"/>, for possible values of this parameter."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1768
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">outgoing</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:"
"outgoing\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1775
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal>&emdash;before tagging a changeset"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal>—创建标签之前"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1778
msgid ""
"This controlling hook is run before a tag is created.  If the hook succeeds, "
"creation of the tag proceeds.  If the hook fails, the tag is not created."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1786
msgid ""
"<literal>local</literal>: A boolean.  Whether the tag is local to this "
"repository instance (i.e. stored in <filename role=\"special\">.hg/localtags</"
"filename>) or managed by Mercurial (stored in <filename role=\"special\">."
"hgtags</filename>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1793
msgid ""
"<literal>node</literal>: A changeset ID.  The ID of the changeset to be "
"tagged."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1797
msgid "<literal>tag</literal>: A string.  The name of the tag to be created."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1802
msgid ""
"If the tag to be created is revision-controlled, the <literal role=\"hook"
"\">precommit</literal> and <literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal> "
"hooks (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:commit\"/> and <xref linkend=\"sec:hook:"
"pretxncommit\"/>) will also be run."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1810
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">tag</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:tag"
"\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1815
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal>&emdash;before completing "
"addition of remote changesets"
msgstr ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxnchangegroup</literal>—完成增加远程修改集之前"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1819
msgid ""
"This controlling hook is run before a transaction&emdash;that manages the "
"addition of a group of new changesets from outside the repository&emdash;"
"completes.  If the hook succeeds, the transaction completes, and all of the "
"changesets become permanent within this repository.  If the hook fails, the "
"transaction is rolled back, and the data for the changesets is erased."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1828
msgid ""
"This hook can access the metadata associated with the almost-added "
"changesets, but it should not do anything permanent with this data. It must "
"also not modify the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1834
msgid ""
"While this hook is running, if other Mercurial processes access this "
"repository, they will be able to see the almost-added changesets as if they "
"are permanent.  This may lead to race conditions if you do not take steps to "
"avoid them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1841
msgid ""
"This hook can be used to automatically vet a group of changesets.  If the "
"hook fails, all of the changesets are <quote>rejected</quote> when the "
"transaction rolls back."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1870
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">changegroup</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:"
"hook:changegroup\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">incoming</literal> (<xref "
"linkend=\"sec:hook:incoming\"/>), <literal role=\"hook\">prechangegroup</"
"literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:prechangegroup\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1881
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal>&emdash;before completing commit "
"of new changeset"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">pretxncommit</literal>—完成提交之前"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1884
msgid ""
"This controlling hook is run before a transaction&emdash;that manages a new "
"commit&emdash;completes.  If the hook succeeds, the transaction completes and "
"the changeset becomes permanent within this repository.  If the hook fails, "
"the transaction is rolled back, and the commit data is erased."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1892
msgid ""
"This hook can access the metadata associated with the almost-new changeset, "
"but it should not do anything permanent with this data.  It must also not "
"modify the working directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1898
msgid ""
"While this hook is running, if other Mercurial processes access this "
"repository, they will be able to see the almost-new changeset as if it is "
"permanent.  This may lead to race conditions if you do not take steps to "
"avoid them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1922
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:"
"hook:precommit\"/>)"
msgstr ""
"参见: <literal role=\"hook\">precommit</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:"
"precommit\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1929
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">preupdate</literal>&emdash;before updating or merging "
"working directory"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">preupdate</literal>—更新或合并工作目录之前"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1932
msgid ""
"This controlling hook is run before an update or merge of the working "
"directory begins.  It is run only if Mercurial's normal pre-update checks "
"determine that the update or merge can proceed.  If the hook succeeds, the "
"update or merge may proceed; if it fails, the update or merge does not start."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1943
msgid ""
"<literal>parent1</literal>: A changeset ID. The ID of the parent that the "
"working directory is to be updated to.  If the working directory is being "
"merged, it will not change this parent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1949
msgid ""
"<literal>parent2</literal>: A changeset ID. Only set if the working directory "
"is being merged.  The ID of the revision that the working directory is being "
"merged with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1956
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">update</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:"
"update\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1961
msgid "<literal role=\"hook\">tag</literal>&emdash;after tagging a changeset"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">tag</literal>—创建标签之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1964
msgid "This hook is run after a tag has been created."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1970
msgid ""
"<literal>local</literal>: A boolean.  Whether the new tag is local to this "
"repository instance (i.e.  stored in <filename role=\"special\">.hg/"
"localtags</filename>) or managed by Mercurial (stored in <filename role="
"\"special\">.hgtags</filename>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1978
msgid ""
"<literal>node</literal>: A changeset ID.  The ID of the changeset that was "
"tagged."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1982
msgid "<literal>tag</literal>: A string.  The name of the tag that was created."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1987
msgid ""
"If the created tag is revision-controlled, the <literal role=\"hook\">commit</"
"literal> hook (section <xref linkend=\"sec:hook:commit\"/>) is run before "
"this hook."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1992
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:"
"pretag\"/>)"
msgstr ""
"参见: <literal role=\"hook\">pretag</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:hook:pretag"
"\"/>)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:1998
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"hook\">update</literal>&emdash;after updating or merging "
"working directory"
msgstr "<literal role=\"hook\">update</literal>—更新或合并工作目录之后"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:2001
msgid ""
"This hook is run after an update or merge of the working directory "
"completes.  Since a merge can fail (if the external <command>hgmerge</"
"command> command fails to resolve conflicts in a file), this hook "
"communicates whether the update or merge completed cleanly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:2009
msgid ""
"<literal>error</literal>: A boolean.  Indicates whether the update or merge "
"completed successfully."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:2014
msgid ""
"<literal>parent1</literal>: A changeset ID.  The ID of the parent that the "
"working directory was updated to.  If the working directory was merged, it "
"will not have changed this parent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:2020
msgid ""
"<literal>parent2</literal>: A changeset ID.  Only set if the working "
"directory was merged.  The ID of the revision that the working directory was "
"merged with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch09-hook.xml:2026
msgid ""
"See also: <literal role=\"hook\">preupdate</literal> (<xref linkend=\"sec:"
"hook:preupdate\"/>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:5
msgid "Customising the output of Mercurial"
msgstr "定制 Mercurial 的输出"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:7
msgid ""
"Mercurial provides a powerful mechanism to let you control how it displays "
"information.  The mechanism is based on templates.  You can use templates to "
"generate specific output for a single command, or to customise the entire "
"appearance of the built-in web interface."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:14
msgid "Using precanned output styles"
msgstr "使用预定义的输出样式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:16
msgid ""
"Packaged with Mercurial are some output styles that you can use immediately.  "
"A style is simply a precanned template that someone wrote and installed "
"somewhere that Mercurial can find."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:21
msgid ""
"Before we take a look at Mercurial's bundled styles, let's review its normal "
"output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:26
msgid ""
"This is somewhat informative, but it takes up a lot of space&emdash;five "
"lines of output per changeset.  The <literal>compact</literal> style reduces "
"this to three lines, presented in a sparse manner."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:33
msgid ""
"The <literal>changelog</literal> style hints at the expressive power of "
"Mercurial's templating engine.  This style attempts to follow the GNU "
"Project's changelog guidelines<citation>web:changelog</citation>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:40
msgid ""
"You will not be shocked to learn that Mercurial's default output style is "
"named <literal>default</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:44
msgid "Setting a default style"
msgstr "设置默认样式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:46
msgid ""
"You can modify the output style that Mercurial will use for every command by "
"editing your <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename> file, naming the "
"style you would prefer to use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:54
msgid ""
"If you write a style of your own, you can use it by either providing the path "
"to your style file, or copying your style file into a location where "
"Mercurial can find it (typically the <literal>templates</literal> "
"subdirectory of your Mercurial install directory)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:63
msgid "Commands that support styles and templates"
msgstr "支持样式和模版的命令"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:65
msgid ""
"All of Mercurial's <quote><literal>log</literal>-like</quote> commands let "
"you use styles and templates: <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg incoming</command>, "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command>, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"outgoing</command>, and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tip</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:72
msgid ""
"As I write this manual, these are so far the only commands that support "
"styles and templates.  Since these are the most important commands that need "
"customisable output, there has been little pressure from the Mercurial user "
"community to add style and template support to other commands."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:80
msgid "The basics of templating"
msgstr "模版基础"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:82
msgid ""
"At its simplest, a Mercurial template is a piece of text.  Some of the text "
"never changes, while other parts are <emphasis>expanded</emphasis>, or "
"replaced with new text, when necessary."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:87
msgid ""
"Before we continue, let's look again at a simple example of Mercurial's "
"normal output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:92
msgid ""
"Now, let's run the same command, but using a template to change its output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:97
msgid ""
"The example above illustrates the simplest possible template; it's just a "
"piece of static text, printed once for each changeset.  The <option role=\"hg-"
"opt-log\">--template</option> option to the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</"
"command> command tells Mercurial to use the given text as the template when "
"printing each changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:105
msgid ""
"Notice that the template string above ends with the text <quote><literal>\\n</"
"literal></quote>.  This is an <emphasis>escape sequence</emphasis>, telling "
"Mercurial to print a newline at the end of each template item.  If you omit "
"this newline, Mercurial will run each piece of output together.  See <xref "
"linkend=\"sec:template:escape\"/> for more details of escape sequences."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:113
msgid ""
"A template that prints a fixed string of text all the time isn't very useful; "
"let's try something a bit more complex."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:119
msgid ""
"As you can see, the string <quote><literal>{desc}</literal></quote> in the "
"template has been replaced in the output with the description of each "
"changeset.  Every time Mercurial finds text enclosed in curly braces "
"(<quote><literal>{</literal></quote> and <quote><literal>}</literal></"
"quote>), it will try to replace the braces and text with the expansion of "
"whatever is inside.  To print a literal curly brace, you must escape it, as "
"described in <xref linkend=\"sec:template:escape\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:131
msgid "Common template keywords"
msgstr "模版关键字"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:133
msgid ""
"You can start writing simple templates immediately using the keywords below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:137
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">author</literal>: String.  The unmodified "
"author of the changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:141
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">branches</literal>: String.  The name of "
"the branch on which the changeset was committed.  Will be empty if the branch "
"name was <literal>default</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:147
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">date</literal>: Date information.  The "
"date when the changeset was committed.  This is <emphasis>not</emphasis> "
"human-readable; you must pass it through a filter that will render it "
"appropriately.  See <xref linkend=\"sec:template:filter\"/> for more "
"information on filters. The date is expressed as a pair of numbers.  The "
"first number is a Unix UTC timestamp (seconds since January 1, 1970); the "
"second is the offset of the committer's timezone from UTC, in seconds."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:158
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">desc</literal>: String.  The text of the "
"changeset description."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:161
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">files</literal>: List of strings.  All "
"files modified, added, or removed by this changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:166
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">file_adds</literal>: List of strings.  "
"Files added by this changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:170
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">file_dels</literal>: List of strings.  "
"Files removed by this changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:174
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">node</literal>: String.  The changeset "
"identification hash, as a 40-character hexadecimal string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:178
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">parents</literal>: List of strings.  The "
"parents of the changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:182
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">rev</literal>: Integer.  The repository-"
"local changeset revision number."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:186
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">tags</literal>: List of strings.  Any tags "
"associated with the changeset."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:191
msgid ""
"A few simple experiments will show us what to expect when we use these "
"keywords; you can see the results below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:196
msgid ""
"As we noted above, the date keyword does not produce human-readable output, "
"so we must treat it specially.  This involves using a <emphasis>filter</"
"emphasis>, about which more in <xref linkend=\"sec:template:filter\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:205
msgid "Escape sequences"
msgstr "转义序列"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:207
msgid ""
"Mercurial's templating engine recognises the most commonly used escape "
"sequences in strings.  When it sees a backslash (<quote><literal>\\</"
"literal></quote>) character, it looks at the following character and "
"substitutes the two characters with a single replacement, as described below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:214
msgid ""
"<literal>\\</literal>: Backslash, <quote><literal>\\</literal></quote>, ASCII "
"134."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:218
msgid "<literal>\\n</literal>: Newline, ASCII 12."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:221
msgid "<literal>\\r</literal>: Carriage return, ASCII 15."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:224
msgid "<literal>\\t</literal>: Tab, ASCII 11."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:227
msgid "<literal>\\v</literal>: Vertical tab, ASCII 13."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:230
msgid ""
"<literal>{</literal>: Open curly brace, <quote><literal>{</literal></quote>, "
"ASCII 173."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:234
msgid ""
"<literal>}</literal>: Close curly brace, <quote><literal>}</literal></quote>, "
"ASCII 175."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:239
msgid ""
"As indicated above, if you want the expansion of a template to contain a "
"literal <quote><literal>\\</literal></quote>, <quote><literal>{</literal></"
"quote>, or <quote><literal>{</literal></quote> character, you must escape it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:247
msgid "Filtering keywords to change their results"
msgstr "通过过滤关键字来修改输出结果"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:249
msgid ""
"Some of the results of template expansion are not immediately easy to use.  "
"Mercurial lets you specify an optional chain of <emphasis>filters</emphasis> "
"to modify the result of expanding a keyword.  You have already seen a common "
"filter, <literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">isodate</literal>, in action "
"above, to make a date readable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:256
msgid ""
"Below is a list of the most commonly used filters that Mercurial supports.  "
"While some filters can be applied to any text, others can only be used in "
"specific circumstances.  The name of each filter is followed first by an "
"indication of where it can be used, then a description of its effect."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:263
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-filter\">addbreaks</literal>: Any text. Add an XHTML "
"<quote><literal>&lt;br/&gt;</literal></quote> tag before the end of every "
"line except the last.  For example, <quote><literal>foo\\nbar</literal></"
"quote> becomes <quote><literal>foo&lt;br/&gt;\\nbar</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:270
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">age</literal>: <literal role="
"\"template-keyword\">date</literal> keyword.  Render the age of the date, "
"relative to the current time.  Yields a string like <quote><literal>10 "
"minutes</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:277
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-filter\">basename</literal>: Any text, but most "
"useful for the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">files</literal> keyword and "
"its relatives.  Treat the text as a path, and return the basename. For "
"example, <quote><literal>foo/bar/baz</literal></quote> becomes "
"<quote><literal>baz</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:286
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">date</literal>: <literal role="
"\"template-keyword\">date</literal> keyword.  Render a date in a similar "
"format to the Unix <literal role=\"template-keyword\">date</literal> command, "
"but with timezone included.  Yields a string like <quote><literal>Mon Sep 04 "
"15:13:13 2006 -0700</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:294
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-author\">domain</literal>: Any text, but "
"most useful for the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">author</literal> "
"keyword.  Finds the first string that looks like an email address, and "
"extract just the domain component.  For example, <quote><literal>Bryan "
"O'Sullivan &lt;[e-mail]&gt;</literal></quote> becomes "
"<quote><literal>serpentine.com</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:304
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-author\">email</literal>: Any text, but most "
"useful for the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">author</literal> keyword.  "
"Extract the first string that looks like an email address.  For example, "
"<quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan &lt;[e-mail]&gt;</literal></quote> "
"becomes <quote><literal>[e-mail]</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:313
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-filter\">escape</literal>: Any text.  Replace the "
"special XML/XHTML characters <quote><literal>&amp;</literal></quote>, "
"<quote><literal>&lt;</literal></quote> and <quote><literal>&gt;</literal></"
"quote> with XML entities."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:321
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-filter\">fill68</literal>: Any text.  Wrap the text "
"to fit in 68 columns.  This is useful before you pass text through the "
"<literal role=\"template-filter\">tabindent</literal> filter, and still want "
"it to fit in an 80-column fixed-font window."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:329
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-filter\">fill76</literal>: Any text.  Wrap the text "
"to fit in 76 columns."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:333
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-filter\">firstline</literal>: Any text.  Yield the "
"first line of text, without any trailing newlines."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:338
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">hgdate</literal>: <literal role="
"\"template-keyword\">date</literal> keyword.  Render the date as a pair of "
"readable numbers.  Yields a string like <quote><literal>1157407993 25200</"
"literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:345
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">isodate</literal>: <literal role="
"\"template-keyword\">date</literal> keyword.  Render the date as a text "
"string in ISO 8601 format.  Yields a string like <quote><literal>2006-09-04 "
"15:13:13 -0700</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:352
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-filter\">obfuscate</literal>: Any text, but most "
"useful for the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">author</literal> keyword.  "
"Yield the input text rendered as a sequence of XML entities.  This helps to "
"defeat some particularly stupid screen-scraping email harvesting spambots."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:360
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-author\">person</literal>: Any text, but "
"most useful for the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">author</literal> "
"keyword.  Yield the text before an email address. For example, "
"<quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan &lt;[e-mail]&gt;</literal></quote> "
"becomes <quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:369
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">rfc822date</literal>: <literal role="
"\"template-keyword\">date</literal> keyword.  Render a date using the same "
"format used in email headers.  Yields a string like <quote><literal>Mon, 04 "
"Sep 2006 15:13:13 -0700</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:376
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-node\">short</literal>: Changeset hash.  "
"Yield the short form of a changeset hash, i.e. a 12-character hexadecimal "
"string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:381
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">shortdate</literal>: <literal role="
"\"template-keyword\">date</literal> keyword.  Render the year, month, and day "
"of the date.  Yields a string like <quote><literal>2006-09-04</literal></"
"quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:387
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-filter\">strip</literal>: Any text.  Strip all "
"leading and trailing whitespace from the string."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:391
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-filter\">tabindent</literal>: Any text.  Yield the "
"text, with every line except the first starting with a tab character."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:396
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-filter\">urlescape</literal>: Any text.  Escape all "
"characters that are considered <quote>special</quote> by URL parsers.  For "
"example, <literal>foo bar</literal> becomes <literal>foo%20bar</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:403
msgid ""
"<literal role=\"template-kw-filt-author\">user</literal>: Any text, but most "
"useful for the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">author</literal> keyword.  "
"Return the <quote>user</quote> portion of an email address.  For example, "
"<quote><literal>Bryan O'Sullivan &lt;[e-mail]&gt;</literal></quote> "
"becomes <quote><literal>bos</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:416
msgid ""
"If you try to apply a filter to a piece of data that it cannot process, "
"Mercurial will fail and print a Python exception.  For example, trying to run "
"the output of the <literal role=\"template-keyword\">desc</literal> keyword "
"into the <literal role=\"template-kw-filt-date\">isodate</literal> filter is "
"not a good idea."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:425
msgid "Combining filters"
msgstr "组合过滤器"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:427
msgid ""
"It is easy to combine filters to yield output in the form you would like.  "
"The following chain of filters tidies up a description, then makes sure that "
"it fits cleanly into 68 columns, then indents it by a further 8 characters "
"(at least on Unix-like systems, where a tab is conventionally 8 characters "
"wide)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:436
msgid ""
"Note the use of <quote><literal>\\t</literal></quote> (a tab character) in "
"the template to force the first line to be indented; this is necessary since "
"<literal role=\"template-keyword\">tabindent</literal> indents all lines "
"<emphasis>except</emphasis> the first."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:442
msgid ""
"Keep in mind that the order of filters in a chain is significant.  The first "
"filter is applied to the result of the keyword; the second to the result of "
"the first filter; and so on.  For example, using <literal>fill68|tabindent</"
"literal> gives very different results from <literal>tabindent|fill68</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:453
msgid "From templates to styles"
msgstr "从模版到样式"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:455
msgid ""
"A command line template provides a quick and simple way to format some "
"output.  Templates can become verbose, though, and it's useful to be able to "
"give a template a name.  A style file is a template with a name, stored in a "
"file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:460
msgid ""
"More than that, using a style file unlocks the power of Mercurial's "
"templating engine in ways that are not possible using the command line "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-log\">--template</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:466
msgid "The simplest of style files"
msgstr "最简单的样式文件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:468
msgid "Our simple style file contains just one line:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:472
msgid ""
"This tells Mercurial, <quote>if you're printing a changeset, use the text on "
"the right as the template</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:478
msgid "Style file syntax"
msgstr "样式文件语法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:480
msgid "The syntax rules for a style file are simple."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:483
msgid "The file is processed one line at a time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:486
msgid "Leading and trailing white space are ignored."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:489
msgid "Empty lines are skipped."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:491
msgid ""
"If a line starts with either of the characters <quote><literal>#</literal></"
"quote> or <quote><literal>;</literal></quote>, the entire line is treated as "
"a comment, and skipped as if empty."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:496
msgid ""
"A line starts with a keyword.  This must start with an alphabetic character "
"or underscore, and can subsequently contain any alphanumeric character or "
"underscore.  (In regexp notation, a keyword must match <literal>[A-Za-z_][A-"
"Za-z0-9_]*</literal>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:502
msgid ""
"The next element must be an <quote><literal>=</literal></quote> character, "
"which can be preceded or followed by an arbitrary amount of white space."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:507
msgid ""
"If the rest of the line starts and ends with matching quote characters "
"(either single or double quote), it is treated as a template body."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:511
msgid ""
"If the rest of the line <emphasis>does not</emphasis> start with a quote "
"character, it is treated as the name of a file; the contents of this file "
"will be read and used as a template body."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:520
msgid "Style files by example"
msgstr "样式文件例子"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:522
msgid ""
"To illustrate how to write a style file, we will construct a few by example.  "
"Rather than provide a complete style file and walk through it, we'll mirror "
"the usual process of developing a style file by starting with something very "
"simple, and walking through a series of successively more complete examples."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:529
msgid "Identifying mistakes in style files"
msgstr "在样式文件中定位错误"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:531
msgid ""
"If Mercurial encounters a problem in a style file you are working on, it "
"prints a terse error message that, once you figure out what it means, is "
"actually quite useful."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:537
msgid ""
"Notice that <filename>broken.style</filename> attempts to define a "
"<literal>changeset</literal> keyword, but forgets to give any content for it. "
"When instructed to use this style file, Mercurial promptly complains."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:544
msgid "This error message looks intimidating, but it is not too hard to follow."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:548
msgid ""
"The first component is simply Mercurial's way of saying <quote>I am giving "
"up</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:552
msgid "Next comes the name of the style file that contains the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:556
msgid ""
"Following the file name is the line number where the error was encountered."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:560
msgid "Finally, a description of what went wrong."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:564
msgid ""
"The description of the problem is not always clear (as in this case), but "
"even when it is cryptic, it is almost always trivial to visually inspect the "
"offending line in the style file and see what is wrong."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:572
msgid "Uniquely identifying a repository"
msgstr "版本库的唯一标识"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:574
msgid ""
"If you would like to be able to identify a Mercurial repository <quote>fairly "
"uniquely</quote> using a short string as an identifier, you can use the first "
"revision in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:581
msgid ""
"This is not guaranteed to be unique, but it is nevertheless useful in many "
"cases."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:584
msgid ""
"It will not work in a completely empty repository, because such a repository "
"does not have a revision zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:588
msgid ""
"Neither will it work in the (extremely rare)  case where a repository is a "
"merge of two or more formerly independent repositories, and you still have "
"those repositories around."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:593
msgid "Here are some uses to which you could put this identifier:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:596
msgid ""
"As a key into a table for a database that manages repositories on a server."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:599
msgid ""
"As half of a {<emphasis>repository ID</emphasis>, <emphasis>revision ID</"
"emphasis>} tuple.  Save this information away when you run an automated build "
"or other activity, so that you can <quote>replay</quote> the build later if "
"necessary."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:608
msgid "Mimicking Subversion's output"
msgstr "模仿 Subversion 的输出"

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:610
msgid ""
"Let's try to emulate the default output format used by another revision "
"control tool, Subversion."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:615
msgid ""
"Since Subversion's output style is fairly simple, it is easy to copy-and-"
"paste a hunk of its output into a file, and replace the text produced above "
"by Subversion with the template values we'd like to see expanded."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:622
msgid ""
"There are a few small ways in which this template deviates from the output "
"produced by Subversion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:625
msgid ""
"Subversion prints a <quote>readable</quote> date (the <quote><literal>Wed, 27 "
"Sep 2006</literal></quote> in the example output above) in parentheses.  "
"Mercurial's templating engine does not provide a way to display a date in "
"this format without also printing the time and time zone."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:632
msgid ""
"We emulate Subversion's printing of <quote>separator</quote> lines full of "
"<quote><literal>-</literal></quote> characters by ending the template with "
"such a line. We use the templating engine's <literal role=\"template-keyword"
"\">header</literal> keyword to print a separator line as the first line of "
"output (see below), thus achieving similar output to Subversion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:641
msgid ""
"Subversion's output includes a count in the header of the number of lines in "
"the commit message.  We cannot replicate this in Mercurial; the templating "
"engine does not currently provide a filter that counts the number of lines "
"the template generates."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:647
msgid ""
"It took me no more than a minute or two of work to replace literal text from "
"an example of Subversion's output with some keywords and filters to give the "
"template above.  The style file simply refers to the template."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch10-template.xml:654
msgid ""
"We could have included the text of the template file directly in the style "
"file by enclosing it in quotes and replacing the newlines with "
"<quote><literal>\\n</literal></quote> sequences, but it would have made the "
"style file too difficult to read.  Readability is a good guide when you're "
"trying to decide whether some text belongs in a style file, or in a template "
"file that the style file points to.  If the style file will look too big or "
"cluttered if you insert a literal piece of text, drop it into a template "
"instead."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:5
msgid "Managing change with Mercurial Queues"
msgstr "使用 MQ 管理修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:8
msgid "The patch management problem"
msgstr "补丁的管理问题"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:10
msgid ""
"Here is a common scenario: you need to install a software package from "
"source, but you find a bug that you must fix in the source before you can "
"start using the package.  You make your changes, forget about the package for "
"a while, and a few months later you need to upgrade to a newer version of the "
"package.  If the newer version of the package still has the bug, you must "
"extract your fix from the older source tree and apply it against the newer "
"version.  This is a tedious task, and it's easy to make mistakes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:20
msgid ""
"This is a simple case of the <quote>patch management</quote> problem.  You "
"have an <quote>upstream</quote> source tree that you can't change; you need "
"to make some local changes on top of the upstream tree; and you'd like to be "
"able to keep those changes separate, so that you can apply them to newer "
"versions of the upstream source."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:27
msgid ""
"The patch management problem arises in many situations.  Probably the most "
"visible is that a user of an open source software project will contribute a "
"bug fix or new feature to the project's maintainers in the form of a patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:32
msgid ""
"Distributors of operating systems that include open source software often "
"need to make changes to the packages they distribute so that they will build "
"properly in their environments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:37
msgid ""
"When you have few changes to maintain, it is easy to manage a single patch "
"using the standard <command>diff</command> and <command>patch</command> "
"programs (see <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:patch\"/> for a discussion of these "
"tools). Once the number of changes grows, it starts to make sense to maintain "
"patches as discrete <quote>chunks of work,</quote> so that for example a "
"single patch will contain only one bug fix (the patch might modify several "
"files, but it's doing <quote>only one thing</quote>), and you may have a "
"number of such patches for different bugs you need fixed and local changes "
"you require.  In this situation, if you submit a bug fix patch to the "
"upstream maintainers of a package and they include your fix in a subsequent "
"release, you can simply drop that single patch when you're updating to the "
"newer release."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:52
msgid ""
"Maintaining a single patch against an upstream tree is a little tedious and "
"error-prone, but not difficult.  However, the complexity of the problem grows "
"rapidly as the number of patches you have to maintain increases.  With more "
"than a tiny number of patches in hand, understanding which ones you have "
"applied and maintaining them moves from messy to overwhelming."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:59
msgid ""
"Fortunately, Mercurial includes a powerful extension, Mercurial Queues (or "
"simply <quote>MQ</quote>), that massively simplifies the patch management "
"problem."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:65
msgid "The prehistory of Mercurial Queues"
msgstr "MQ 的历史"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:67
msgid ""
"During the late 1990s, several Linux kernel developers started to maintain "
"<quote>patch series</quote> that modified the behaviour of the Linux kernel.  "
"Some of these series were focused on stability, some on feature coverage, and "
"others were more speculative."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:73
msgid ""
"The sizes of these patch series grew rapidly.  In 2002, Andrew Morton "
"published some shell scripts he had been using to automate the task of "
"managing his patch queues.  Andrew was successfully using these scripts to "
"manage hundreds (sometimes thousands) of patches on top of the Linux kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:80
msgid "A patchwork quilt"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:82
msgid ""
"In early 2003, Andreas Gruenbacher and Martin Quinson borrowed the approach "
"of Andrew's scripts and published a tool called <quote>patchwork quilt</"
"quote> <citation>web:quilt</citation>, or simply <quote>quilt</quote> (see "
"<citation>gruenbacher:2005</citation> for a paper describing it).  Because "
"quilt substantially automated patch management, it rapidly gained a large "
"following among open source software developers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:91
msgid ""
"Quilt manages a <emphasis>stack of patches</emphasis> on top of a directory "
"tree. To begin, you tell quilt to manage a directory tree, and tell it which "
"files you want to manage; it stores away the names and contents of those "
"files.  To fix a bug, you create a new patch (using a single command), edit "
"the files you need to fix, then <quote>refresh</quote> the patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:99
msgid ""
"The refresh step causes quilt to scan the directory tree; it updates the "
"patch with all of the changes you have made.  You can create another patch on "
"top of the first, which will track the changes required to modify the tree "
"from <quote>tree with one patch applied</quote> to <quote>tree with two "
"patches applied</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:106
msgid ""
"You can <emphasis>change</emphasis> which patches are applied to the tree.  "
"If you <quote>pop</quote> a patch, the changes made by that patch will vanish "
"from the directory tree.  Quilt remembers which patches you have popped, "
"though, so you can <quote>push</quote> a popped patch again, and the "
"directory tree will be restored to contain the modifications in the patch.  "
"Most importantly, you can run the <quote>refresh</quote> command at any time, "
"and the topmost applied patch will be updated.  This means that you can, at "
"any time, change both which patches are applied and what modifications those "
"patches make."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:118
msgid ""
"Quilt knows nothing about revision control tools, so it works equally well on "
"top of an unpacked tarball or a Subversion working copy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:124
msgid "From patchwork quilt to Mercurial Queues"
msgstr "从 patchwork quilt 到 MQ"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:126
msgid ""
"In mid-2005, Chris Mason took the features of quilt and wrote an extension "
"that he called Mercurial Queues, which added quilt-like behaviour to "
"Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:130
msgid ""
"The key difference between quilt and MQ is that quilt knows nothing about "
"revision control systems, while MQ is <emphasis>integrated</emphasis> into "
"Mercurial.  Each patch that you push is represented as a Mercurial "
"changeset.  Pop a patch, and the changeset goes away."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:136
msgid ""
"Because quilt does not care about revision control tools, it is still a "
"tremendously useful piece of software to know about for situations where you "
"cannot use Mercurial and MQ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:144
msgid "The huge advantage of MQ"
msgstr "MQ 的巨大优势"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:146
msgid ""
"I cannot overstate the value that MQ offers through the unification of "
"patches and revision control."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:149
msgid ""
"A major reason that patches have persisted in the free software and open "
"source world&emdash;in spite of the availability of increasingly capable "
"revision control tools over the years&emdash;is the <emphasis>agility</"
"emphasis> they offer."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:155
msgid ""
"Traditional revision control tools make a permanent, irreversible record of "
"everything that you do.  While this has great value, it's also somewhat "
"stifling.  If you want to perform a wild-eyed experiment, you have to be "
"careful in how you go about it, or you risk leaving unneeded&emdash;or worse, "
"misleading or destabilising&emdash;traces of your missteps and errors in the "
"permanent revision record."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:163
msgid ""
"By contrast, MQ's marriage of distributed revision control with patches makes "
"it much easier to isolate your work.  Your patches live on top of normal "
"revision history, and you can make them disappear or reappear at will.  If "
"you don't like a patch, you can drop it.  If a patch isn't quite as you want "
"it to be, simply fix it&emdash;as many times as you need to, until you have "
"refined it into the form you desire."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:171
msgid ""
"As an example, the integration of patches with revision control makes "
"understanding patches and debugging their effects&emdash;and their interplay "
"with the code they're based on&emdash;<emphasis>enormously</emphasis> easier. "
"Since every applied patch has an associated changeset, you can give <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> a file name to see which changesets and "
"patches affected the file.  You can use the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"bisect</command> command to binary-search through all changesets and applied "
"patches to see where a bug got introduced or fixed.  You can use the <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg annotate</command> command to see which changeset or patch "
"modified a particular line of a source file.  And so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:189
msgid ""
"Because MQ doesn't hide its patch-oriented nature, it is helpful to "
"understand what patches are, and a little about the tools that work with them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:193
msgid ""
"The traditional Unix <command>diff</command> command compares two files, and "
"prints a list of differences between them. The <command>patch</command> "
"command understands these differences as <emphasis>modifications</emphasis> "
"to make to a file.  Take a look below for a simple example of these commands "
"in action."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:202
msgid ""
"The type of file that <command>diff</command> generates (and <command>patch</"
"command> takes as input) is called a <quote>patch</quote> or a <quote>diff</"
"quote>; there is no difference between a patch and a diff.  (We'll use the "
"term <quote>patch</quote>, since it's more commonly used.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:208
msgid ""
"A patch file can start with arbitrary text; the <command>patch</command> "
"command ignores this text, but MQ uses it as the commit message when creating "
"changesets.  To find the beginning of the patch content, <command>patch</"
"command> searches for the first line that starts with the string "
"<quote><literal>diff -</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:215
msgid ""
"MQ works with <emphasis>unified</emphasis> diffs (<command>patch</command> "
"can accept several other diff formats, but MQ doesn't).  A unified diff "
"contains two kinds of header.  The <emphasis>file header</emphasis> describes "
"the file being modified; it contains the name of the file to modify.  When "
"<command>patch</command> sees a new file header, it looks for a file with "
"that name to start modifying."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:223
msgid ""
"After the file header comes a series of <emphasis>hunks</emphasis>.  Each "
"hunk starts with a header; this identifies the range of line numbers within "
"the file that the hunk should modify.  Following the header, a hunk starts "
"and ends with a few (usually three) lines of text from the unmodified file; "
"these are called the <emphasis>context</emphasis> for the hunk.  If there's "
"only a small amount of context between successive hunks, <command>diff</"
"command> doesn't print a new hunk header; it just runs the hunks together, "
"with a few lines of context between modifications."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:235
msgid ""
"Each line of context begins with a space character.  Within the hunk, a line "
"that begins with <quote><literal>-</literal></quote> means <quote>remove this "
"line,</quote> while a line that begins with <quote><literal>+</literal></"
"quote> means <quote>insert this line.</quote> For example, a line that is "
"modified is represented by one deletion and one insertion."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:243
msgid ""
"We will return to some of the more subtle aspects of patches later (in <xref "
"linkend=\"sec:mq:adv-patch\"/>), but you should have enough information now "
"to use MQ."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:250
msgid "Getting started with Mercurial Queues"
msgstr "开始使用 MQ"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:252
msgid ""
"Because MQ is implemented as an extension, you must explicitly enable before "
"you can use it.  (You don't need to download anything; MQ ships with the "
"standard Mercurial distribution.)  To enable MQ, edit your <filename role="
"\"home\">~/.hgrc</filename> file, and add the lines below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:262
msgid ""
"Once the extension is enabled, it will make a number of new commands "
"available.  To verify that the extension is working, you can use <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg help</command> to see if the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qinit</command> command is now available."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:270
msgid ""
"You can use MQ with <emphasis>any</emphasis> Mercurial repository, and its "
"commands only operate within that repository.  To get started, simply prepare "
"the repository using the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:277
msgid ""
"This command creates an empty directory called <filename role=\"special\" "
"class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename>, where MQ will keep its metadata.  "
"As with many Mercurial commands, the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</"
"command> command prints nothing if it succeeds."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:284
msgid "Creating a new patch"
msgstr "创建新补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:286
msgid ""
"To begin work on a new patch, use the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</"
"command> command.  This command takes one argument, the name of the patch to "
"create."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:290
msgid ""
"MQ will use this as the name of an actual file in the <filename role=\"special"
"\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> directory, as you can see below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:297
msgid ""
"Also newly present in the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/"
"patches</filename> directory are two other files, <filename role=\"special"
"\">series</filename> and <filename role=\"special\">status</filename>.  The "
"<filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file lists all of the patches "
"that MQ knows about for this repository, with one patch per line.  Mercurial "
"uses the <filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file for internal book-"
"keeping; it tracks all of the patches that MQ has <emphasis>applied</"
"emphasis> in this repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:309
msgid ""
"You may sometimes want to edit the <filename role=\"special\">series</"
"filename> file by hand; for example, to change the sequence in which some "
"patches are applied.  However, manually editing the <filename role=\"special"
"\">status</filename> file is almost always a bad idea, as it's easy to "
"corrupt MQ's idea of what is happening."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:318
msgid ""
"Once you have created your new patch, you can edit files in the working "
"directory as you usually would.  All of the normal Mercurial commands, such "
"as <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"annotate</command>, work exactly as they did before."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:326
msgid "Refreshing a patch"
msgstr "刷新补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:328
msgid ""
"When you reach a point where you want to save your work, use the <command "
"role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> command to update the patch you are "
"working on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:334
msgid ""
"This command folds the changes you have made in the working directory into "
"your patch, and updates its corresponding changeset to contain those changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:338
msgid ""
"You can run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> as often as you "
"like, so it's a good way to <quote>checkpoint</quote> your work.  Refresh "
"your patch at an opportune time; try an experiment; and if the experiment "
"doesn't work out, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg revert</command> your "
"modifications back to the last time you refreshed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:349
msgid "Stacking and tracking patches"
msgstr "堆叠和跟踪补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:351
msgid ""
"Once you have finished working on a patch, or need to work on another, you "
"can use the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command> command again to "
"create a new patch. Mercurial will apply this patch on top of your existing "
"patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:358
msgid ""
"Notice that the patch contains the changes in our prior patch as part of its "
"context (you can see this more clearly in the output of <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg annotate</command>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:363
msgid ""
"So far, with the exception of <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</command> and "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command>, we've been careful to only "
"use regular Mercurial commands.  However, MQ provides many commands that are "
"easier to use when you are thinking about patches, as illustrated below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:373
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command> command lists every patch "
"that MQ knows about in this repository, from oldest to newest (most recently "
"<emphasis>created</emphasis>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:379
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command> command lists every patch "
"that MQ has <emphasis>applied</emphasis> in this repository, again from "
"oldest to newest (most recently applied)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:388
msgid "Manipulating the patch stack"
msgstr "操作补丁堆栈"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:390
msgid ""
"The previous discussion implied that there must be a difference between "
"<quote>known</quote> and <quote>applied</quote> patches, and there is.  MQ "
"can manage a patch without it being applied in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:395
msgid ""
"An <emphasis>applied</emphasis> patch has a corresponding changeset in the "
"repository, and the effects of the patch and changeset are visible in the "
"working directory.  You can undo the application of a patch using the "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> command.  MQ still <emphasis>knows "
"about</emphasis>, or manages, a popped patch, but the patch no longer has a "
"corresponding changeset in the repository, and the working directory does not "
"contain the changes made by the patch.  <xref linkend=\"fig:mq:stack\"/> "
"illustrates the difference between applied and tracked patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:408
msgid "Applied and unapplied patches in the MQ patch stack"
msgstr "在 MQ 补丁堆栈中应用和撤销补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:411
msgid "<imageobject><imagedata fileref=\"figs/mq-stack.png\"/></imageobject>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:416
msgid ""
"You can reapply an unapplied, or popped, patch using the <command role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq\">qpush</command> command.  This creates a new changeset to correspond "
"to the patch, and the patch's changes once again become present in the "
"working directory.  See below for examples of <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qpop</command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> in action."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:425
msgid ""
"Notice that once we have popped a patch or two patches, the output of "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command> remains the same, while that of "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</command> has changed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:433
msgid "Pushing and popping many patches"
msgstr "压入或弹出多个补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:435
msgid ""
"While <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-"
"mq\">qpop</command> each operate on a single patch at a time by default, you "
"can push and pop many patches in one go.  The <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-"
"qpush-opt\">hg -a</option> option to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</"
"command> causes it to push all unapplied patches, while the <option role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">-a</option> option to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</"
"command> causes it to pop all applied patches.  (For some more ways to push "
"and pop many patches, see <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:perf\"/> below.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:451
msgid "Safety checks, and overriding them"
msgstr "安全的检查，然后覆盖它们"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:453
msgid ""
"Several MQ commands check the working directory before they do anything, and "
"fail if they find any modifications.  They do this to ensure that you won't "
"lose any changes that you have made, but not yet incorporated into a patch.  "
"The example below illustrates this; the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qnew</"
"command> command will not create a new patch if there are outstanding "
"changes, caused in this case by the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> "
"of <filename>file3</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:465
msgid ""
"Commands that check the working directory all take an <quote>I know what I'm "
"doing</quote> option, which is always named <option>-f</option>.  The exact "
"meaning of <option>-f</option> depends on the command.  For example, <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qnew <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qnew-opt\">hg -f</"
"option></command> will incorporate any outstanding changes into the new patch "
"it creates, but <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-"
"qpop-opt\">hg -f</option></command> will revert modifications to any files "
"affected by the patch that it is popping.  Be sure to read the documentation "
"for a command's <option>-f</option> option before you use it!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:480
msgid "Working on several patches at once"
msgstr "同时处理多个补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:482
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> command always refreshes "
"the <emphasis>topmost</emphasis> applied patch.  This means that you can "
"suspend work on one patch (by refreshing it), pop or push to make a different "
"patch the top, and work on <emphasis>that</emphasis> patch for a while."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:489
msgid ""
"Here's an example that illustrates how you can use this ability. Let's say "
"you're developing a new feature as two patches.  The first is a change to the "
"core of your software, and the second&emdash;layered on top of the "
"first&emdash;changes the user interface to use the code you just added to the "
"core.  If you notice a bug in the core while you're working on the UI patch, "
"it's easy to fix the core.  Simply <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</"
"command> the UI patch to save your in-progress changes, and <command role="
"\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> down to the core patch.  Fix the core bug, "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> the core patch, and <command "
"role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> back to the UI patch to continue where you "
"left off."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:506
msgid "More about patches"
msgstr "关于补丁的更多信息"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:508
msgid ""
"MQ uses the GNU <command>patch</command> command to apply patches, so it's "
"helpful to know a few more detailed aspects of how <command>patch</command> "
"works, and about patches themselves."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:514
msgid "The strip count"
msgstr "修剪计数"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:516
msgid ""
"If you look at the file headers in a patch, you will notice that the "
"pathnames usually have an extra component on the front that isn't present in "
"the actual path name.  This is a holdover from the way that people used to "
"generate patches (people still do this, but it's somewhat rare with modern "
"revision control tools)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:523
msgid ""
"Alice would unpack a tarball, edit her files, then decide that she wanted to "
"create a patch.  So she'd rename her working directory, unpack the tarball "
"again (hence the need for the rename), and use the <option role=\"cmd-opt-diff"
"\">-r</option> and <option role=\"cmd-opt-diff\">-N</option> options to "
"<command>diff</command> to recursively generate a patch between the "
"unmodified directory and the modified one.  The result would be that the name "
"of the unmodified directory would be at the front of the left-hand path in "
"every file header, and the name of the modified directory would be at the "
"front of the right-hand path."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:536
msgid ""
"Since someone receiving a patch from the Alices of the net would be unlikely "
"to have unmodified and modified directories with exactly the same names, the "
"<command>patch</command> command has a <option role=\"cmd-opt-patch\">-p</"
"option> option that indicates the number of leading path name components to "
"strip when trying to apply a patch.  This number is called the "
"<emphasis>strip count</emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:544
msgid ""
"An option of <quote><literal>-p1</literal></quote> means <quote>use a strip "
"count of one</quote>.  If <command>patch</command> sees a file name "
"<filename>foo/bar/baz</filename> in a file header, it will strip "
"<filename>foo</filename> and try to patch a file named <filename>bar/baz</"
"filename>.  (Strictly speaking, the strip count refers to the number of "
"<emphasis>path separators</emphasis> (and the components that go with them ) "
"to strip.  A strip count of one will turn <filename>foo/bar</filename> into "
"<filename>bar</filename>, but <filename>/foo/bar</filename> (notice the extra "
"leading slash) into <filename>foo/bar</filename>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:557
msgid ""
"The <quote>standard</quote> strip count for patches is one; almost all "
"patches contain one leading path name component that needs to be stripped. "
"Mercurial's <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> command generates path "
"names in this form, and the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg import</command> "
"command and MQ expect patches to have a strip count of one."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:565
msgid ""
"If you receive a patch from someone that you want to add to your patch queue, "
"and the patch needs a strip count other than one, you cannot just <command "
"role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qimport</command> the patch, because <command role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq\">qimport</command> does not yet have a <literal>-p</literal> option "
"(see <ulink role=\"hg-bug\" url=\"http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/bts/"
"issue311\">issue 311</ulink>).  Your best bet is to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qnew</command> a patch of your own, then use <command>patch -pN</command> "
"to apply their patch, followed by <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg addremove</"
"command> to pick up any files added or removed by the patch, followed by "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">hg qrefresh</command>. This complexity may become "
"unnecessary; see <ulink role=\"hg-bug\" url=\"http://www.selenic.com/"
"mercurial/bts/issue311\">issue 311</ulink> for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:584
msgid "Strategies for applying a patch"
msgstr "应用补丁的策略"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:586
msgid ""
"When <command>patch</command> applies a hunk, it tries a handful of "
"successively less accurate strategies to try to make the hunk apply. This "
"falling-back technique often makes it possible to take a patch that was "
"generated against an old version of a file, and apply it against a newer "
"version of that file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:593
msgid ""
"First, <command>patch</command> tries an exact match, where the line numbers, "
"the context, and the text to be modified must apply exactly.  If it cannot "
"make an exact match, it tries to find an exact match for the context, without "
"honouring the line numbering information.  If this succeeds, it prints a line "
"of output saying that the hunk was applied, but at some <emphasis>offset</"
"emphasis> from the original line number."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:602
msgid ""
"If a context-only match fails, <command>patch</command> removes the first and "
"last lines of the context, and tries a <emphasis>reduced</emphasis> context-"
"only match.  If the hunk with reduced context succeeds, it prints a message "
"saying that it applied the hunk with a <emphasis>fuzz factor</emphasis> (the "
"number after the fuzz factor indicates how many lines of context "
"<command>patch</command> had to trim before the patch applied)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:611
msgid ""
"When neither of these techniques works, <command>patch</command> prints a "
"message saying that the hunk in question was rejected.  It saves rejected "
"hunks (also simply called <quote>rejects</quote>) to a file with the same "
"name, and an added <filename role=\"special\">.rej</filename> extension.  It "
"also saves an unmodified copy of the file with a <filename role=\"special\">."
"orig</filename> extension; the copy of the file without any extensions will "
"contain any changes made by hunks that <emphasis>did</emphasis> apply "
"cleanly.  If you have a patch that modifies <filename>foo</filename> with six "
"hunks, and one of them fails to apply, you will have: an unmodified "
"<filename>foo.orig</filename>, a <filename>foo.rej</filename> containing one "
"hunk, and <filename>foo</filename>, containing the changes made by the five "
"successful hunks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:629
msgid "Some quirks of patch representation"
msgstr "补丁的一些特性"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:631
msgid ""
"There are a few useful things to know about how <command>patch</command> "
"works with files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:634
msgid ""
"This should already be obvious, but <command>patch</command> cannot handle "
"binary files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:638
msgid ""
"Neither does it care about the executable bit; it creates new files as "
"readable, but not executable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:642
msgid ""
"<command>patch</command> treats the removal of a file as a diff between the "
"file to be removed and the empty file.  So your idea of <quote>I deleted this "
"file</quote> looks like <quote>every line of this file was deleted</quote> in "
"a patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:648
msgid ""
"It treats the addition of a file as a diff between the empty file and the "
"file to be added.  So in a patch, your idea of <quote>I added this file</"
"quote> looks like <quote>every line of this file was added</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:654
msgid ""
"It treats a renamed file as the removal of the old name, and the addition of "
"the new name.  This means that renamed files have a big footprint in "
"patches.  (Note also that Mercurial does not currently try to infer when "
"files have been renamed or copied in a patch.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:660
msgid ""
"<command>patch</command> cannot represent empty files, so you cannot use a "
"patch to represent the notion <quote>I added this empty file to the tree</"
"quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:667
msgid "Beware the fuzz"
msgstr "当心毛刺"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:669
msgid ""
"While applying a hunk at an offset, or with a fuzz factor, will often be "
"completely successful, these inexact techniques naturally leave open the "
"possibility of corrupting the patched file.  The most common cases typically "
"involve applying a patch twice, or at an incorrect location in the file.  If "
"<command>patch</command> or <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> ever "
"mentions an offset or fuzz factor, you should make sure that the modified "
"files are correct afterwards."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:679
msgid ""
"It's often a good idea to refresh a patch that has applied with an offset or "
"fuzz factor; refreshing the patch generates new context information that will "
"make it apply cleanly.  I say <quote>often,</quote> not <quote>always,</"
"quote> because sometimes refreshing a patch will make it fail to apply "
"against a different revision of the underlying files.  In some cases, such as "
"when you're maintaining a patch that must sit on top of multiple versions of "
"a source tree, it's acceptable to have a patch apply with some fuzz, provided "
"you've verified the results of the patching process in such cases."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:692
msgid "Handling rejection"
msgstr "处理拒绝"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:694
msgid ""
"If <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> fails to apply a patch, it "
"will print an error message and exit.  If it has left <filename role=\"special"
"\">.rej</filename> files behind, it is usually best to fix up the rejected "
"hunks before you push more patches or do any further work."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:700
msgid ""
"If your patch <emphasis>used to</emphasis> apply cleanly, and no longer does "
"because you've changed the underlying code that your patches are based on, "
"Mercurial Queues can help; see <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:merge\"/> for details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:705
msgid ""
"Unfortunately, there aren't any great techniques for dealing with rejected "
"hunks.  Most often, you'll need to view the <filename role=\"special\">.rej</"
"filename> file and edit the target file, applying the rejected hunks by hand."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:710
msgid ""
"If you're feeling adventurous, Neil Brown, a Linux kernel hacker, wrote a "
"tool called <command>wiggle</command> <citation>web:wiggle</citation>, which "
"is more vigorous than <command>patch</command> in its attempts to make a "
"patch apply."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:716
msgid ""
"Another Linux kernel hacker, Chris Mason (the author of Mercurial Queues), "
"wrote a similar tool called <command>mpatch</command> <citation>web:mpatch</"
"citation>, which takes a simple approach to automating the application of "
"hunks rejected by <command>patch</command>.  The <command>mpatch</command> "
"command can help with four common reasons that a hunk may be rejected:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:725
msgid "The context in the middle of a hunk has changed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:728
msgid "A hunk is missing some context at the beginning or end."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:731
msgid ""
"A large hunk might apply better&emdash;either entirely or in part&emdash;if "
"it was broken up into smaller hunks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:735
msgid ""
"A hunk removes lines with slightly different content than those currently "
"present in the file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:739
msgid ""
"If you use <command>wiggle</command> or <command>mpatch</command>, you should "
"be doubly careful to check your results when you're done.  In fact, "
"<command>mpatch</command> enforces this method of double-checking the tool's "
"output, by automatically dropping you into a merge program when it has done "
"its job, so that you can verify its work and finish off any remaining merges."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:751
msgid "Getting the best performance out of MQ"
msgstr "MQ 的性能"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:753
msgid ""
"MQ is very efficient at handling a large number of patches.  I ran some "
"performance experiments in mid-2006 for a talk that I gave at the 2006 "
"EuroPython conference <citation>web:europython</citation>.  I used as my data "
"set the Linux 2.6.17-mm1 patch series, which consists of 1,738 patches.  I "
"applied these on top of a Linux kernel repository containing all 27,472 "
"revisions between Linux 2.6.12-rc2 and Linux 2.6.17."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:762
msgid ""
"On my old, slow laptop, I was able to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush "
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">hg -a</option></command> all 1,738 "
"patches in 3.5 minutes, and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop <option role="
"\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">hg -a</option></command> them all in 30 seconds.  "
"(On a newer laptop, the time to push all patches dropped to two minutes.)  I "
"could <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> one of the biggest "
"patches (which made 22,779 lines of changes to 287 files) in 6.6 seconds."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:773
msgid ""
"Clearly, MQ is well suited to working in large trees, but there are a few "
"tricks you can use to get the best performance of it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:777
msgid ""
"First of all, try to <quote>batch</quote> operations together.  Every time "
"you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> or <command role=\"hg-ext-"
"mq\">qpop</command>, these commands scan the working directory once to make "
"sure you haven't made some changes and then forgotten to run <command role="
"\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command>.  On a small tree, the time that this scan "
"takes is unnoticeable.  However, on a medium-sized tree (containing tens of "
"thousands of files), it can take a second or more."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:788
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qpop</command> commands allow you to push and pop multiple patches at a "
"time.  You can identify the <quote>destination patch</quote> that you want to "
"end up at.  When you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> with a "
"destination specified, it will push patches until that patch is at the top of "
"the applied stack.  When you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> to a "
"destination, MQ will pop patches until the destination patch is at the top."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:798
msgid ""
"You can identify a destination patch using either the name of the patch, or "
"by number.  If you use numeric addressing, patches are counted from zero; "
"this means that the first patch is zero, the second is one, and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:805
msgid "Updating your patches when the underlying code changes"
msgstr "当基础代码改变时，更新补丁的方法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:808
msgid ""
"It's common to have a stack of patches on top of an underlying repository "
"that you don't modify directly.  If you're working on changes to third-party "
"code, or on a feature that is taking longer to develop than the rate of "
"change of the code beneath, you will often need to sync up with the "
"underlying code, and fix up any hunks in your patches that no longer apply.  "
"This is called <emphasis>rebasing</emphasis> your patch series."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:817
msgid ""
"The simplest way to do this is to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop <option "
"role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">hg -a</option></command> your patches, then "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> changes into the underlying "
"repository, and finally <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush <option role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">hg -a</option></command> your patches again.  MQ will "
"stop pushing any time it runs across a patch that fails to apply during "
"conflicts, allowing you to fix your conflicts, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qrefresh</command> the affected patch, and continue pushing until you have "
"fixed your entire stack."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:829
msgid ""
"This approach is easy to use and works well if you don't expect changes to "
"the underlying code to affect how well your patches apply. If your patch "
"stack touches code that is modified frequently or invasively in the "
"underlying repository, however, fixing up rejected hunks by hand quickly "
"becomes tiresome."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:836
msgid ""
"It's possible to partially automate the rebasing process.  If your patches "
"apply cleanly against some revision of the underlying repo, MQ can use this "
"information to help you to resolve conflicts between your patches and a "
"different revision."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:842
msgid "The process is a little involved."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:844
msgid ""
"To begin, <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush -a</command> all of your patches "
"on top of the revision where you know that they apply cleanly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:848
msgid ""
"Save a backup copy of your patch directory using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"qsave <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qsave-opt\">hg -e</option> <option role="
"\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qsave-opt\">hg -c</option></command>.  This prints the name "
"of the directory that it has saved the patches in.  It will save the patches "
"to a directory called <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/"
"patches.N</filename>, where <literal>N</literal> is a small integer.  It also "
"commits a <quote>save changeset</quote> on top of your applied patches; this "
"is for internal book-keeping, and records the states of the <filename role="
"\"special\">series</filename> and <filename role=\"special\">status</"
"filename> files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:862
msgid ""
"Use <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command> to bring new changes into the "
"underlying repository.  (Don't run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull -u</"
"command>; see below for why.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:867
msgid ""
"Update to the new tip revision, using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update "
"<option role=\"hg-opt-update\">-C</option></command> to override the patches "
"you have pushed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:872
msgid ""
"Merge all patches using <command>hg qpush -m -a</command>.  The <option role="
"\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">-m</option> option to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qpush</command> tells MQ to perform a three-way merge if the patch fails "
"to apply."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:880
msgid ""
"During the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-"
"qpush-opt\">hg -m</option></command>, each patch in the <filename role="
"\"special\">series</filename> file is applied normally.  If a patch applies "
"with fuzz or rejects, MQ looks at the queue you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qsave</command>d, and performs a three-way merge with the corresponding "
"changeset.  This merge uses Mercurial's normal merge machinery, so it may pop "
"up a GUI merge tool to help you to resolve problems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:890
msgid ""
"When you finish resolving the effects of a patch, MQ refreshes your patch "
"based on the result of the merge."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:893
msgid ""
"At the end of this process, your repository will have one extra head from the "
"old patch queue, and a copy of the old patch queue will be in <filename role="
"\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches.N</filename>. You can remove the "
"extra head using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpop -a -n patches.N</command> "
"or <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg strip</command>.  You can delete <filename "
"role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches.N</filename> once you are "
"sure that you no longer need it as a backup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:905
msgid "Identifying patches"
msgstr "标识补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:907
msgid ""
"MQ commands that work with patches let you refer to a patch either by using "
"its name or by a number.  By name is obvious enough; pass the name "
"<filename>foo.patch</filename> to <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</"
"command>, for example, and it will push patches until <filename>foo.patch</"
"filename> is applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:914
msgid ""
"As a shortcut, you can refer to a patch using both a name and a numeric "
"offset; <literal>foo.patch-2</literal> means <quote>two patches before "
"<literal>foo.patch</literal></quote>, while <literal>bar.patch+4</literal> "
"means <quote>four patches after <literal>bar.patch</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:920
msgid ""
"Referring to a patch by index isn't much different.  The first patch printed "
"in the output of <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qseries</command> is patch zero "
"(yes, it's one of those start-at-zero counting systems); the second is patch "
"one; and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:926
msgid ""
"MQ also makes it easy to work with patches when you are using normal "
"Mercurial commands.  Every command that accepts a changeset ID will also "
"accept the name of an applied patch.  MQ augments the tags normally in the "
"repository with an eponymous one for each applied patch.  In addition, the "
"special tags <literal role=\"tag\">qbase</literal> and <literal role=\"tag"
"\">qtip</literal> identify the <quote>bottom-most</quote> and topmost applied "
"patches, respectively."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:936
msgid ""
"These additions to Mercurial's normal tagging capabilities make dealing with "
"patches even more of a breeze."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:939
msgid "Want to patchbomb a mailing list with your latest series of changes?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:942
msgid ""
"(Don't know what <quote>patchbombing</quote> is? See <xref linkend=\"sec:"
"hgext:patchbomb\"/>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:945
msgid ""
"Need to see all of the patches since <literal>foo.patch</literal> that have "
"touched files in a subdirectory of your tree?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:952
msgid ""
"Because MQ makes the names of patches available to the rest of Mercurial "
"through its normal internal tag machinery, you don't need to type in the "
"entire name of a patch when you want to identify it by name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:957
msgid ""
"Another nice consequence of representing patch names as tags is that when you "
"run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg log</command> command, it will display a "
"patch's name as a tag, simply as part of its normal output.  This makes it "
"easy to visually distinguish applied patches from underlying <quote>normal</"
"quote> revisions.  The following example shows a few normal Mercurial "
"commands in use with applied patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:970
msgid "Useful things to know about"
msgstr "其它需要了解的东西"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:972
msgid ""
"There are a number of aspects of MQ usage that don't fit tidily into sections "
"of their own, but that are good to know.  Here they are, in one place."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:977
msgid ""
"Normally, when you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpop</command> a patch and "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> it again, the changeset that "
"represents the patch after the pop/push will have a <emphasis>different "
"identity</emphasis> than the changeset that represented the hash beforehand.  "
"See <xref linkend=\"sec:mqref:cmd:qpush\"/> for information as to why this is."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:986
msgid ""
"It's not a good idea to <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg merge</command> changes "
"from another branch with a patch changeset, at least if you want to maintain "
"the <quote>patchiness</quote> of that changeset and changesets below it on "
"the patch stack.  If you try to do this, it will appear to succeed, but MQ "
"will become confused."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:997
msgid "Managing patches in a repository"
msgstr "在版本库管理补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:999
msgid ""
"Because MQ's <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</"
"filename> directory resides outside a Mercurial repository's working "
"directory, the <quote>underlying</quote> Mercurial repository knows nothing "
"about the management or presence of patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1005
msgid ""
"This presents the interesting possibility of managing the contents of the "
"patch directory as a Mercurial repository in its own right.  This can be a "
"useful way to work.  For example, you can work on a patch for a while, "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</command> it, then <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg commit</command> the current state of the patch.  This lets you "
"<quote>roll back</quote> to that version of the patch later on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1014
msgid ""
"You can then share different versions of the same patch stack among multiple "
"underlying repositories.  I use this when I am developing a Linux kernel "
"feature.  I have a pristine copy of my kernel sources for each of several CPU "
"architectures, and a cloned repository under each that contains the patches I "
"am working on.  When I want to test a change on a different architecture, I "
"push my current patches to the patch repository associated with that kernel "
"tree, pop and push all of my patches, and build and test that kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1024
msgid ""
"Managing patches in a repository makes it possible for multiple developers to "
"work on the same patch series without colliding with each other, all on top "
"of an underlying source base that they may or may not control."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1030
msgid "MQ support for patch repositories"
msgstr "MQ 支持补丁版本库"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1032
msgid ""
"MQ helps you to work with the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">."
"hg/patches</filename> directory as a repository; when you prepare a "
"repository for working with patches using <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qinit</"
"command>, you can pass the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">hg -c</"
"option> option to create the <filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">."
"hg/patches</filename> directory as a Mercurial repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1042
msgid ""
"If you forget to use the <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt\">hg -c</"
"option> option, you can simply go into the <filename role=\"special\" class="
"\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> directory at any time and run <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg init</command>.  Don't forget to add an entry for the "
"<filename role=\"special\">status</filename> file to the <filename role="
"\"special\">.hgignore</filename> file, though"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1051
msgid ""
"(<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qinit <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qinit-opt"
"\">hg -c</option></command> does this for you automatically); you "
"<emphasis>really</emphasis> don't want to manage the <filename role=\"special"
"\">status</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1058
msgid ""
"As a convenience, if MQ notices that the <filename class=\"directory\">.hg/"
"patches</filename> directory is a repository, it will automatically <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg add</command> every patch that you create and import."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1063
msgid ""
"MQ provides a shortcut command, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qcommit</"
"command>, that runs <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg commit</command> in the "
"<filename role=\"special\" class=\"directory\">.hg/patches</filename> "
"directory.  This saves some bothersome typing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1069
msgid ""
"Finally, as a convenience to manage the patch directory, you can define the "
"alias <command>mq</command> on Unix systems. For example, on Linux systems "
"using the <command>bash</command> shell, you can include the following "
"snippet in your <filename role=\"home\">~/.bashrc</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1078
msgid ""
"You can then issue commands of the form <command>mq pull</command> from the "
"main repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1083
msgid "A few things to watch out for"
msgstr "需要注意的事情"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1085
msgid ""
"MQ's support for working with a repository full of patches is limited in a "
"few small respects."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1088
msgid ""
"MQ cannot automatically detect changes that you make to the patch directory.  "
"If you <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg pull</command>, manually edit, or <command "
"role=\"hg-cmd\">hg update</command> changes to patches or the <filename role="
"\"special\">series</filename> file, you will have to <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg qpop <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpop-opt\">hg -a</option></command> "
"and then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qpush <option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-"
"opt\">hg -a</option></command> in the underlying repository to see those "
"changes show up there.  If you forget to do this, you can confuse MQ's idea "
"of which patches are applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1104
msgid "Third party tools for working with patches"
msgstr "操作补丁的第三方工具"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1106
msgid ""
"Once you've been working with patches for a while, you'll find yourself "
"hungry for tools that will help you to understand and manipulate the patches "
"you're dealing with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1110
msgid ""
"The <command>diffstat</command> command <citation>web:diffstat</citation> "
"generates a histogram of the modifications made to each file in a patch.  It "
"provides a good way to <quote>get a sense of</quote> a patch&emdash;which "
"files it affects, and how much change it introduces to each file and as a "
"whole.  (I find that it's a good idea to use <command>diffstat</command>'s "
"<option role=\"cmd-opt-diffstat\">-p</option> option as a matter of course, "
"as otherwise it will try to do clever things with prefixes of file names that "
"inevitably confuse at least me.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1124
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"package\">patchutils</literal> package <citation>web:"
"patchutils</citation> is invaluable. It provides a set of small utilities "
"that follow the <quote>Unix philosophy;</quote> each does one useful thing "
"with a patch.  The <literal role=\"package\">patchutils</literal> command I "
"use most is <command>filterdiff</command>, which extracts subsets from a "
"patch file.  For example, given a patch that modifies hundreds of files "
"across dozens of directories, a single invocation of <command>filterdiff</"
"command> can generate a smaller patch that only touches files whose names "
"match a particular glob pattern.  See <xref linkend=\"mq-collab:tips:interdiff"
"\"/> for another example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1140
msgid "Good ways to work with patches"
msgstr "操作补丁的好习惯"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1142
msgid ""
"Whether you are working on a patch series to submit to a free software or "
"open source project, or a series that you intend to treat as a sequence of "
"regular changesets when you're done, you can use some simple techniques to "
"keep your work well organised."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1148
msgid ""
"Give your patches descriptive names.  A good name for a patch might be "
"<filename>rework-device-alloc.patch</filename>, because it will immediately "
"give you a hint what the purpose of the patch is.  Long names shouldn't be a "
"problem; you won't be typing the names often, but you <emphasis>will</"
"emphasis> be running commands like <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qapplied</"
"command> and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qtop</command> over and over. Good "
"naming becomes especially important when you have a number of patches to work "
"with, or if you are juggling a number of different tasks and your patches "
"only get a fraction of your attention."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1160
msgid ""
"Be aware of what patch you're working on.  Use the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qtop</command> command and skim over the text of your patches "
"frequently&emdash;for example, using <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg tip <option "
"role=\"hg-opt-tip\">-p</option></command>)&emdash;to be sure of where you "
"stand.  I have several times worked on and <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qrefresh</command>ed a patch other than the one I intended, and it's often "
"tricky to migrate changes into the right patch after making them in the wrong "
"one."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1170
msgid ""
"For this reason, it is very much worth investing a little time to learn how "
"to use some of the third-party tools I described in <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:"
"tools\"/>, particularly <command>diffstat</command> and <command>filterdiff</"
"command>.  The former will give you a quick idea of what changes your patch "
"is making, while the latter makes it easy to splice hunks selectively out of "
"one patch and into another."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1181
msgid "MQ cookbook"
msgstr "MQ 手册"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1184
msgid "Manage <quote>trivial</quote> patches"
msgstr "管理<quote>琐碎的</quote>补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1186
msgid ""
"Because the overhead of dropping files into a new Mercurial repository is so "
"low, it makes a lot of sense to manage patches this way even if you simply "
"want to make a few changes to a source tarball that you downloaded."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1191
msgid ""
"Begin by downloading and unpacking the source tarball, and turning it into a "
"Mercurial repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1196
msgid "Continue by creating a patch stack and making your changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1201
msgid ""
"Let's say a few weeks or months pass, and your package author releases a new "
"version.  First, bring their changes into the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1207
msgid ""
"The pipeline starting with <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg locate</command> above "
"deletes all files in the working directory, so that <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg commit</command>'s <option role=\"hg-opt-commit\">--addremove</option> "
"option can actually tell which files have really been removed in the newer "
"version of the source."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1215
msgid "Finally, you can apply your patches on top of the new tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1222
msgid "Combining entire patches"
msgstr "组合全部的补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1224
msgid ""
"MQ provides a command, <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</command> that lets "
"you combine entire patches.  This <quote>folds</quote> the patches you name, "
"in the order you name them, into the topmost applied patch, and concatenates "
"their descriptions onto the end of its description.  The patches that you "
"fold must be unapplied before you fold them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1232
msgid ""
"The order in which you fold patches matters.  If your topmost applied patch "
"is <literal>foo</literal>, and you <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qfold</"
"command> <literal>bar</literal> and <literal>quux</literal> into it, you will "
"end up with a patch that has the same effect as if you applied first "
"<literal>foo</literal>, then <literal>bar</literal>, followed by "
"<literal>quux</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1243
msgid "Merging part of one patch into another"
msgstr "合并补丁的部分内容到其它补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1245
msgid ""
"Merging <emphasis>part</emphasis> of one patch into another is more difficult "
"than combining entire patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1249
msgid ""
"If you want to move changes to entire files, you can use <command>filterdiff</"
"command>'s <option role=\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">-i</option> and <option role="
"\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">-x</option> options to choose the modifications to "
"snip out of one patch, concatenating its output onto the end of the patch you "
"want to merge into.  You usually won't need to modify the patch you've merged "
"the changes from.  Instead, MQ will report some rejected hunks when you "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> it (from the hunks you moved into "
"the other patch), and you can simply <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qrefresh</"
"command> the patch to drop the duplicate hunks."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1262
msgid ""
"If you have a patch that has multiple hunks modifying a file, and you only "
"want to move a few of those hunks, the job becomes more messy, but you can "
"still partly automate it.  Use <command>lsdiff -nvv</command> to print some "
"metadata about the patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1270
msgid "This command prints three different kinds of number:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1273
msgid ""
"(in the first column) a <emphasis>file number</emphasis> to identify each "
"file modified in the patch;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1277
msgid ""
"(on the next line, indented) the line number within a modified file where a "
"hunk starts; and"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1280
msgid ""
"(on the same line) a <emphasis>hunk number</emphasis> to identify that hunk."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1284
msgid ""
"You'll have to use some visual inspection, and reading of the patch, to "
"identify the file and hunk numbers you'll want, but you can then pass them to "
"to <command>filterdiff</command>'s <option role=\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">--"
"files</option> and <option role=\"cmd-opt-filterdiff\">--hunks</option> "
"options, to select exactly the file and hunk you want to extract."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1292
msgid ""
"Once you have this hunk, you can concatenate it onto the end of your "
"destination patch and continue with the remainder of <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:"
"combine\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1299
msgid "Differences between quilt and MQ"
msgstr "MQ 与 quilt 的区别"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1301
msgid ""
"If you are already familiar with quilt, MQ provides a similar command set.  "
"There are a few differences in the way that it works."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch11-mq.xml:1305
msgid ""
"You will already have noticed that most quilt commands have MQ counterparts "
"that simply begin with a <quote><literal>q</literal></quote>.  The exceptions "
"are quilt's <literal>add</literal> and <literal>remove</literal> commands, "
"the counterparts for which are the normal Mercurial <command role=\"hg-cmd"
"\">hg add</command> and <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg remove</command> "
"commands.  There is no MQ equivalent of the quilt <literal>edit</literal> "
"command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:5
msgid "Advanced uses of Mercurial Queues"
msgstr "MQ 的高级用法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:7
msgid ""
"While it's easy to pick up straightforward uses of Mercurial Queues, use of a "
"little discipline and some of MQ's less frequently used capabilities makes it "
"possible to work in complicated development environments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:12
msgid ""
"In this chapter, I will use as an example a technique I have used to manage "
"the development of an Infiniband device driver for the Linux kernel.  The "
"driver in question is large (at least as drivers go), with 25,000 lines of "
"code spread across 35 source files.  It is maintained by a small team of "
"developers."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:18
msgid ""
"While much of the material in this chapter is specific to Linux, the same "
"principles apply to any code base for which you're not the primary owner, and "
"upon which you need to do a lot of development."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:24
msgid "The problem of many targets"
msgstr "多个目标的问题"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:26
msgid ""
"The Linux kernel changes rapidly, and has never been internally stable; "
"developers frequently make drastic changes between releases. This means that "
"a version of the driver that works well with a particular released version of "
"the kernel will not even <emphasis>compile</emphasis> correctly against, "
"typically, any other version."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:33
msgid ""
"To maintain a driver, we have to keep a number of distinct versions of Linux "
"in mind."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:36
msgid ""
"One target is the main Linux kernel development tree. Maintenance of the code "
"is in this case partly shared by other developers in the kernel community, "
"who make <quote>drive-by</quote> modifications to the driver as they develop "
"and refine kernel subsystems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:42
msgid ""
"We also maintain a number of <quote>backports</quote> to older versions of "
"the Linux kernel, to support the needs of customers who are running older "
"Linux distributions that do not incorporate our drivers.  (To "
"<emphasis>backport</emphasis> a piece of code is to modify it to work in an "
"older version of its target environment than the version it was developed "
"for.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:50
msgid ""
"Finally, we make software releases on a schedule that is necessarily not "
"aligned with those used by Linux distributors and kernel developers, so that "
"we can deliver new features to customers without forcing them to upgrade "
"their entire kernels or distributions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:58
msgid "Tempting approaches that don't work well"
msgstr "工作不好的诱人方法"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:60
msgid ""
"There are two <quote>standard</quote> ways to maintain a piece of software "
"that has to target many different environments."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:64
msgid ""
"The first is to maintain a number of branches, each intended for a single "
"target.  The trouble with this approach is that you must maintain iron "
"discipline in the flow of changes between repositories. A new feature or bug "
"fix must start life in a <quote>pristine</quote> repository, then percolate "
"out to every backport repository.  Backport changes are more limited in the "
"branches they should propagate to; a backport change that is applied to a "
"branch where it doesn't belong will probably stop the driver from compiling."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:74
msgid ""
"The second is to maintain a single source tree filled with conditional "
"statements that turn chunks of code on or off depending on the intended "
"target.  Because these <quote>ifdefs</quote> are not allowed in the Linux "
"kernel tree, a manual or automatic process must be followed to strip them out "
"and yield a clean tree.  A code base maintained in this fashion rapidly "
"becomes a rat's nest of conditional blocks that are difficult to understand "
"and maintain."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:83
msgid ""
"Neither of these approaches is well suited to a situation where you don't "
"<quote>own</quote> the canonical copy of a source tree.  In the case of a "
"Linux driver that is distributed with the standard kernel, Linus's tree "
"contains the copy of the code that will be treated by the world as "
"canonical.  The upstream version of <quote>my</quote> driver can be modified "
"by people I don't know, without me even finding out about it until after the "
"changes show up in Linus's tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:93
msgid ""
"These approaches have the added weakness of making it difficult to generate "
"well-formed patches to submit upstream."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:97
msgid ""
"In principle, Mercurial Queues seems like a good candidate to manage a "
"development scenario such as the above.  While this is indeed the case, MQ "
"contains a few added features that make the job more pleasant."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:105
msgid "Conditionally applying patches with guards"
msgstr "有条件的应用补丁"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:107
msgid ""
"Perhaps the best way to maintain sanity with so many targets is to be able to "
"choose specific patches to apply for a given situation.  MQ provides a "
"feature called <quote>guards</quote> (which originates with quilt's "
"<literal>guards</literal> command) that does just this.  To start off, let's "
"create a simple repository for experimenting in."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:116
msgid ""
"This gives us a tiny repository that contains two patches that don't have any "
"dependencies on each other, because they touch different files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:120
msgid ""
"The idea behind conditional application is that you can <quote>tag</quote> a "
"patch with a <emphasis>guard</emphasis>, which is simply a text string of "
"your choosing, then tell MQ to select specific guards to use when applying "
"patches.  MQ will then either apply, or skip over, a guarded patch, depending "
"on the guards that you have selected."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:127
msgid ""
"A patch can have an arbitrary number of guards; each one is "
"<emphasis>positive</emphasis> (<quote>apply this patch if this guard is "
"selected</quote>) or <emphasis>negative</emphasis> (<quote>skip this patch if "
"this guard is selected</quote>).  A patch with no guards is always applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:135
msgid "Controlling the guards on a patch"
msgstr "控制补丁的应用条件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:137
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qguard</command> command lets you determine "
"which guards should apply to a patch, or display the guards that are already "
"in effect. Without any arguments, it displays the guards on the current "
"topmost patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:144
msgid ""
"To set a positive guard on a patch, prefix the name of the guard with a "
"<quote><literal>+</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:149
msgid ""
"To set a negative guard on a patch, prefix the name of the guard with a "
"<quote><literal>-</literal></quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:156
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qguard</command> command <emphasis>sets</"
"emphasis> the guards on a patch; it doesn't <emphasis>modify</emphasis> "
"them.  What this means is that if you run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qguard "
"+a +b</command> on a patch, then <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg qguard +c</"
"command> on the same patch, the <emphasis>only</emphasis> guard that will be "
"set on it afterwards is <literal>+c</literal>."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:165
msgid ""
"Mercurial stores guards in the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> "
"file; the form in which they are stored is easy both to understand and to "
"edit by hand. (In other words, you don't have to use the <command role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq\">qguard</command> command if you don't want to; it's okay to simply "
"edit the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:177
msgid "Selecting the guards to use"
msgstr "选择使用的条件"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:179
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qselect</command> command determines which "
"guards are active at a given time.  The effect of this is to determine which "
"patches MQ will apply the next time you run <command role=\"hg-ext-mq"
"\">qpush</command>.  It has no other effect; in particular, it doesn't do "
"anything to patches that are already applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:186
msgid ""
"With no arguments, the <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qselect</command> command "
"lists the guards currently in effect, one per line of output.  Each argument "
"is treated as the name of a guard to apply."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:193
msgid ""
"In case you're interested, the currently selected guards are stored in the "
"<filename role=\"special\">guards</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:198
msgid ""
"We can see the effect the selected guards have when we run <command role=\"hg-"
"ext-mq\">qpush</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:203
msgid ""
"A guard cannot start with a <quote><literal>+</literal></quote> or "
"<quote><literal>-</literal></quote> character.  The name of a guard must not "
"contain white space, but most other characters are acceptable.  If you try to "
"use a guard with an invalid name, MQ will complain:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:212
msgid "Changing the selected guards changes the patches that are applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:217
msgid ""
"You can see in the example below that negative guards take precedence over "
"positive guards."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:224
msgid "MQ's rules for applying patches"
msgstr "MQ 应用补丁的规则"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:226
msgid ""
"The rules that MQ uses when deciding whether to apply a patch are as follows."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:229
msgid "A patch that has no guards is always applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:232
msgid ""
"If the patch has any negative guard that matches any currently selected "
"guard, the patch is skipped."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:235
msgid ""
"If the patch has any positive guard that matches any currently selected "
"guard, the patch is applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:238
msgid ""
"If the patch has positive or negative guards, but none matches any currently "
"selected guard, the patch is skipped."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:245
msgid "Trimming the work environment"
msgstr "修剪工作环境"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:247
msgid ""
"In working on the device driver I mentioned earlier, I don't apply the "
"patches to a normal Linux kernel tree.  Instead, I use a repository that "
"contains only a snapshot of the source files and headers that are relevant to "
"Infiniband development.  This repository is 1% the size of a kernel "
"repository, so it's easier to work with."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:254
msgid ""
"I then choose a <quote>base</quote> version on top of which the patches are "
"applied.  This is a snapshot of the Linux kernel tree as of a revision of my "
"choosing.  When I take the snapshot, I record the changeset ID from the "
"kernel repository in the commit message.  Since the snapshot preserves the "
"<quote>shape</quote> and content of the relevant parts of the kernel tree, I "
"can apply my patches on top of either my tiny repository or a normal kernel "
"tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:263
msgid ""
"Normally, the base tree atop which the patches apply should be a snapshot of "
"a very recent upstream tree.  This best facilitates the development of "
"patches that can easily be submitted upstream with few or no modifications."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:270
msgid "Dividing up the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file"
msgstr "分类补丁<filename role=\"special\">系列</filename>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:273
msgid ""
"I categorise the patches in the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> "
"file into a number of logical groups.  Each section of like patches begins "
"with a block of comments that describes the purpose of the patches that "
"follow."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:279
msgid ""
"The sequence of patch groups that I maintain follows.  The ordering of these "
"groups is important; I'll describe why after I introduce the groups."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:283
msgid ""
"The <quote>accepted</quote> group.  Patches that the development team has "
"submitted to the maintainer of the Infiniband subsystem, and which he has "
"accepted, but which are not present in the snapshot that the tiny repository "
"is based on.  These are <quote>read only</quote> patches, present only to "
"transform the tree into a similar state as it is in the upstream maintainer's "
"repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:291
msgid ""
"The <quote>rework</quote> group.  Patches that I have submitted, but that the "
"upstream maintainer has requested modifications to before he will accept them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:296
msgid ""
"The <quote>pending</quote> group.  Patches that I have not yet submitted to "
"the upstream maintainer, but which we have finished working on. These will be "
"<quote>read only</quote> for a while.  If the upstream maintainer accepts "
"them upon submission, I'll move them to the end of the <quote>accepted</"
"quote> group.  If he requests that I modify any, I'll move them to the "
"beginning of the <quote>rework</quote> group."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:305
msgid ""
"The <quote>in progress</quote> group.  Patches that are actively being "
"developed, and should not be submitted anywhere yet."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:309
msgid ""
"The <quote>backport</quote> group.  Patches that adapt the source tree to "
"older versions of the kernel tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:313
msgid ""
"The <quote>do not ship</quote> group.  Patches that for some reason should "
"never be submitted upstream.  For example, one such patch might change "
"embedded driver identification strings to make it easier to distinguish, in "
"the field, between an out-of-tree version of the driver and a version shipped "
"by a distribution vendor."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:321
msgid ""
"Now to return to the reasons for ordering groups of patches in this way.  We "
"would like the lowest patches in the stack to be as stable as possible, so "
"that we will not need to rework higher patches due to changes in context.  "
"Putting patches that will never be changed first in the <filename role="
"\"special\">series</filename> file serves this purpose."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:329
msgid ""
"We would also like the patches that we know we'll need to modify to be "
"applied on top of a source tree that resembles the upstream tree as closely "
"as possible.  This is why we keep accepted patches around for a while."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:334
msgid ""
"The <quote>backport</quote> and <quote>do not ship</quote> patches float at "
"the end of the <filename role=\"special\">series</filename> file.  The "
"backport patches must be applied on top of all other patches, and the "
"<quote>do not ship</quote> patches might as well stay out of harm's way."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:343
msgid "Maintaining the patch series"
msgstr "维护补丁系列"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:345
msgid ""
"In my work, I use a number of guards to control which patches are to be "
"applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:349
msgid ""
"<quote>Accepted</quote> patches are guarded with <literal>accepted</"
"literal>.  I enable this guard most of the time.  When I'm applying the "
"patches on top of a tree where the patches are already present, I can turn "
"this patch off, and the patches that follow it will apply cleanly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:356
msgid ""
"Patches that are <quote>finished</quote>, but not yet submitted, have no "
"guards.  If I'm applying the patch stack to a copy of the upstream tree, I "
"don't need to enable any guards in order to get a reasonably safe source tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:362
msgid ""
"Those patches that need reworking before being resubmitted are guarded with "
"<literal>rework</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:366
msgid ""
"For those patches that are still under development, I use <literal>devel</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:369
msgid ""
"A backport patch may have several guards, one for each version of the kernel "
"to which it applies.  For example, a patch that backports a piece of code to "
"2.6.9 will have a <literal>2.6.9</literal> guard."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:374
msgid ""
"This variety of guards gives me considerable flexibility in determining what "
"kind of source tree I want to end up with.  For most situations, the "
"selection of appropriate guards is automated during the build process, but I "
"can manually tune the guards to use for less common circumstances."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:381
msgid "The art of writing backport patches"
msgstr "编写向后移植补丁的艺术"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:383
msgid ""
"Using MQ, writing a backport patch is a simple process.  All such a patch has "
"to do is modify a piece of code that uses a kernel feature not present in the "
"older version of the kernel, so that the driver continues to work correctly "
"under that older version."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:389
msgid ""
"A useful goal when writing a good backport patch is to make your code look as "
"if it was written for the older version of the kernel you're targeting.  The "
"less obtrusive the patch, the easier it will be to understand and maintain.  "
"If you're writing a collection of backport patches to avoid the <quote>rat's "
"nest</quote> effect of lots of <literal>#ifdef</literal>s (hunks of source "
"code that are only used conditionally) in your code, don't introduce version-"
"dependent <literal>#ifdef</literal>s into the patches.  Instead, write "
"several patches, each of which makes unconditional changes, and control their "
"application using guards."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:402
msgid ""
"There are two reasons to divide backport patches into a distinct group, away "
"from the <quote>regular</quote> patches whose effects they modify. The first "
"is that intermingling the two makes it more difficult to use a tool like the "
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">patchbomb</literal> extension to automate the "
"process of submitting the patches to an upstream maintainer.  The second is "
"that a backport patch could perturb the context in which a subsequent regular "
"patch is applied, making it impossible to apply the regular patch cleanly "
"<emphasis>without</emphasis> the earlier backport patch already being applied."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:417
msgid "Useful tips for developing with MQ"
msgstr "使用 MQ 开发的技巧"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:420
msgid "Organising patches in directories"
msgstr "将补丁放到几个目录中"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:422
msgid ""
"If you're working on a substantial project with MQ, it's not difficult to "
"accumulate a large number of patches.  For example, I have one patch "
"repository that contains over 250 patches."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:427
msgid ""
"If you can group these patches into separate logical categories, you can if "
"you like store them in different directories; MQ has no problems with patch "
"names that contain path separators."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:434
msgid "Viewing the history of a patch"
msgstr "察看补丁的历史"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:436
msgid ""
"If you're developing a set of patches over a long time, it's a good idea to "
"maintain them in a repository, as discussed in <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:repo\"/"
">.  If you do so, you'll quickly discover that using the <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg diff</command> command to look at the history of changes to a patch "
"is unworkable.  This is in part because you're looking at the second "
"derivative of the real code (a diff of a diff), but also because MQ adds "
"noise to the process by modifying time stamps and directory names when it "
"updates a patch."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:448
msgid ""
"However, you can use the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> "
"extension, which is bundled with Mercurial, to turn a diff of two versions of "
"a patch into something readable.  To do this, you will need a third-party "
"package called <literal role=\"package\">patchutils</literal> <citation>web:"
"patchutils</citation>.  This provides a command named <command>interdiff</"
"command>, which shows the differences between two diffs as a diff.  Used on "
"two versions of the same diff, it generates a diff that represents the diff "
"from the first to the second version."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:459
msgid ""
"You can enable the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension in "
"the usual way, by adding a line to the <literal role=\"rc-extensions"
"\">extensions</literal> section of your <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#
#. 	&example.hg-interdiff;
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:466
msgid ""
"The <command>interdiff</command> command expects to be passed the names of "
"two files, but the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension "
"passes the program it runs a pair of directories, each of which can contain "
"an arbitrary number of files.  We thus need a small program that will run "
"<command>interdiff</command> on each pair of files in these two directories.  "
"This program is available as <filename role=\"special\">hg-interdiff</"
"filename> in the <filename class=\"directory\">examples</filename> directory "
"of the source code repository that accompanies this book."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:478
msgid ""
"With the <filename role=\"special\">hg-interdiff</filename> program in your "
"shell's search path, you can run it as follows, from inside an MQ patch "
"directory:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:482
msgid ""
"Since you'll probably want to use this long-winded command a lot, you can get "
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">hgext</literal> to make it available as a normal "
"Mercurial command, again by editing your <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:489
msgid ""
"This directs <literal role=\"hg-ext\">hgext</literal> to make an "
"<literal>interdiff</literal> command available, so you can now shorten the "
"previous invocation of <command role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> to "
"something a little more wieldy."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:497
msgid ""
"The <command>interdiff</command> command works well only if the underlying "
"files against which versions of a patch are generated remain the same.  If "
"you create a patch, modify the underlying files, and then regenerate the "
"patch, <command>interdiff</command> may not produce useful output."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch12-mq-collab.xml:505
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension is useful for more "
"than merely improving the presentation of MQ patches.  To read more about it, "
"go to <xref linkend=\"sec:hgext:extdiff\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:5
msgid "Adding functionality with extensions"
msgstr "使用扩展增加功能"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:7
msgid ""
"While the core of Mercurial is quite complete from a functionality "
"standpoint, it's deliberately shorn of fancy features.  This approach of "
"preserving simplicity keeps the software easy to deal with for both "
"maintainers and users."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:12
msgid ""
"However, Mercurial doesn't box you in with an inflexible command set: you can "
"add features to it as <emphasis>extensions</emphasis> (sometimes known as "
"<emphasis>plugins</emphasis>).  We've already discussed a few of these "
"extensions in earlier chapters."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:18
msgid ""
"<xref linkend=\"sec:tour-merge:fetch\"/> covers the <literal role=\"hg-ext"
"\">fetch</literal> extension; this combines pulling new changes and merging "
"them with local changes into a single command, <command role=\"hg-ext-fetch"
"\">fetch</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:24
msgid ""
"In <xref linkend=\"chap:hook\"/>, we covered several extensions that are "
"useful for hook-related functionality: <literal role=\"hg-ext\">acl</literal> "
"adds access control lists; <literal role=\"hg-ext\">bugzilla</literal> adds "
"integration with the Bugzilla bug tracking system; and <literal role=\"hg-ext"
"\">notify</literal> sends notification emails on new changes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:33
msgid ""
"The Mercurial Queues patch management extension is so invaluable that it "
"merits two chapters and an appendix all to itself. <xref linkend=\"chap:mq\"/"
"> covers the basics; <xref linkend=\"chap:mq-collab\"/> discusses advanced "
"topics; and <xref linkend=\"chap:mqref\"/> goes into detail on each command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:43
msgid ""
"In this chapter, we'll cover some of the other extensions that are available "
"for Mercurial, and briefly touch on some of the machinery you'll need to know "
"about if you want to write an extension of your own."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:48
msgid ""
"In <xref linkend=\"sec:hgext:inotify\"/>, we'll discuss the possibility of "
"<emphasis>huge</emphasis> performance improvements using the <literal role="
"\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:55
msgid ""
"Improve performance with the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> "
"extension"
msgstr "使用扩展 <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> 以提高性能"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:58
msgid ""
"Are you interested in having some of the most common Mercurial operations run "
"as much as a hundred times faster? Read on!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:62
msgid ""
"Mercurial has great performance under normal circumstances.  For example, "
"when you run the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> command, "
"Mercurial has to scan almost every directory and file in your repository so "
"that it can display file status.  Many other Mercurial commands need to do "
"the same work behind the scenes; for example, the <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"diff</command> command uses the status machinery to avoid doing an expensive "
"comparison operation on files that obviously haven't changed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:72
msgid ""
"Because obtaining file status is crucial to good performance, the authors of "
"Mercurial have optimised this code to within an inch of its life.  However, "
"there's no avoiding the fact that when you run <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"status</command>, Mercurial is going to have to perform at least one "
"expensive system call for each managed file to determine whether it's changed "
"since the last time Mercurial checked.  For a sufficiently large repository, "
"this can take a long time."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:82
msgid ""
"To put a number on the magnitude of this effect, I created a repository "
"containing 150,000 managed files.  I timed <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg "
"status</command> as taking ten seconds to run, even when <emphasis>none</"
"emphasis> of those files had been modified."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:88
msgid ""
"Many modern operating systems contain a file notification facility. If a "
"program signs up to an appropriate service, the operating system will notify "
"it every time a file of interest is created, modified, or deleted.  On Linux "
"systems, the kernel component that does this is called <literal>inotify</"
"literal>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:95
msgid ""
"Mercurial's <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension talks to the "
"kernel's <literal>inotify</literal> component to optimise <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg status</command> commands.  The extension has two components.  A "
"daemon sits in the background and receives notifications from the "
"<literal>inotify</literal> subsystem.  It also listens for connections from a "
"regular Mercurial command.  The extension modifies Mercurial's behaviour so "
"that instead of scanning the filesystem, it queries the daemon.  Since the "
"daemon has perfect information about the state of the repository, it can "
"respond with a result instantaneously, avoiding the need to scan every "
"directory and file in the repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:108
msgid ""
"Recall the ten seconds that I measured plain Mercurial as taking to run "
"<command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg status</command> on a 150,000 file repository.  "
"With the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension enabled, the "
"time dropped to 0.1 seconds, a factor of <emphasis>one hundred</emphasis> "
"faster."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:115
msgid "Before we continue, please pay attention to some caveats."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:118
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension is Linux-specific.  "
"Because it interfaces directly to the Linux kernel's <literal>inotify</"
"literal> subsystem, it does not work on other operating systems."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:123
msgid ""
"It should work on any Linux distribution that was released after early 2005.  "
"Older distributions are likely to have a kernel that lacks <literal>inotify</"
"literal>, or a version of <literal>glibc</literal> that does not have the "
"necessary interfacing support."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:130
msgid ""
"Not all filesystems are suitable for use with the <literal role=\"hg-ext"
"\">inotify</literal> extension.  Network filesystems such as NFS are a non-"
"starter, for example, particularly if you're running Mercurial on several "
"systems, all mounting the same network filesystem.  The kernel's "
"<literal>inotify</literal> system has no way of knowing about changes made on "
"another system.  Most local filesystems (e.g. ext3, XFS, ReiserFS) should "
"work fine."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:141
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension is not yet shipped "
"with Mercurial as of May 2007, so it's a little more involved to set up than "
"other extensions.  But the performance improvement is worth it!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:146
msgid ""
"The extension currently comes in two parts: a set of patches to the Mercurial "
"source code, and a library of Python bindings to the <literal>inotify</"
"literal> subsystem."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:150
msgid ""
"There are <emphasis>two</emphasis> Python <literal>inotify</literal> binding "
"libraries.  One of them is called <literal>pyinotify</literal>, and is "
"packaged by some Linux distributions as <literal>python-inotify</literal>.  "
"This is <emphasis>not</emphasis> the one you'll need, as it is too buggy and "
"inefficient to be practical."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:157
msgid ""
"To get going, it's best to already have a functioning copy of Mercurial "
"installed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><note><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:160
msgid ""
"If you follow the instructions below, you'll be <emphasis>replacing</"
"emphasis> and overwriting any existing installation of Mercurial that you "
"might already have, using the latest <quote>bleeding edge</quote> Mercurial "
"code. Don't say you weren't warned!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:167
msgid ""
"Clone the Python <literal>inotify</literal> binding repository.  Build and "
"install it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:174
msgid ""
"Clone the <filename class=\"directory\">crew</filename> Mercurial "
"repository.  Clone the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> patch "
"repository so that Mercurial Queues will be able to apply patches to your "
"cope of the <filename class=\"directory\">crew</filename> repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:184
msgid ""
"Make sure that you have the Mercurial Queues extension, <literal role=\"hg-ext"
"\">mq</literal>, enabled.  If you've never used MQ, read <xref linkend=\"sec:"
"mq:start\"/> to get started quickly."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:190
msgid ""
"Go into the <filename class=\"directory\">inotify</filename> repo, and apply "
"all of the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> patches using the "
"<option role=\"hg-ext-mq-cmd-qpush-opt\">hg -a</option> option to the "
"<command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:199
msgid ""
"If you get an error message from <command role=\"hg-ext-mq\">qpush</command>, "
"you should not continue.  Instead, ask for help."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><orderedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:203
msgid "Build and install the patched version of Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:209
msgid ""
"Once you've build a suitably patched version of Mercurial, all you need to do "
"to enable the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension is add an "
"entry to your <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:214
msgid ""
"When the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension is enabled, "
"Mercurial will automatically and transparently start the status daemon the "
"first time you run a command that needs status in a repository.  It runs one "
"status daemon per repository."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:220
msgid ""
"The status daemon is started silently, and runs in the background.  If you "
"look at a list of running processes after you've enabled the <literal role="
"\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension and run a few commands in different "
"repositories, you'll thus see a few <literal>hg</literal> processes sitting "
"around, waiting for updates from the kernel and queries from Mercurial."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:228
msgid ""
"The first time you run a Mercurial command in a repository when you have the "
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension enabled, it will run "
"with about the same performance as a normal Mercurial command.  This is "
"because the status daemon needs to perform a normal status scan so that it "
"has a baseline against which to apply later updates from the kernel.  "
"However, <emphasis>every</emphasis> subsequent command that does any kind of "
"status check should be noticeably faster on repositories of even fairly "
"modest size.  Better yet, the bigger your repository is, the greater a "
"performance advantage you'll see.  The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</"
"literal> daemon makes status operations almost instantaneous on repositories "
"of all sizes!"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:242
msgid ""
"If you like, you can manually start a status daemon using the <command role="
"\"hg-ext-inotify\">inserve</command> command.  This gives you slightly finer "
"control over how the daemon ought to run.  This command will of course only "
"be available when the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension is "
"enabled."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:249
msgid ""
"When you're using the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">inotify</literal> extension, "
"you should notice <emphasis>no difference at all</emphasis> in Mercurial's "
"behaviour, with the sole exception of status-related commands running a whole "
"lot faster than they used to.  You should specifically expect that commands "
"will not print different output; neither should they give different results. "
"If either of these situations occurs, please report a bug."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:260
msgid ""
"Flexible diff support with the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> "
"extension"
msgstr "使用扩展 <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> 以扩展差异支持"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:263
msgid ""
"Mercurial's built-in <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> command "
"outputs plaintext unified diffs."
msgstr ""
"Mercurial 内置命令 <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> 的输出与统一差异"
"不同。"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:268
msgid ""
"If you would like to use an external tool to display modifications, you'll "
"want to use the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension.  This "
"will let you use, for example, a graphical diff tool."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:273
msgid ""
"The <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension is bundled with "
"Mercurial, so it's easy to set up.  In the <literal role=\"rc-extensions"
"\">extensions</literal> section of your <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</"
"filename>, simply add a one-line entry to enable the extension."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:280
msgid ""
"This introduces a command named <command role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</"
"command>, which by default uses your system's <command>diff</command> command "
"to generate a unified diff in the same form as the built-in <command role="
"\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:288
msgid ""
"The result won't be exactly the same as with the built-in <command role=\"hg-"
"cmd\">hg diff</command> variations, because the output of <command>diff</"
"command> varies from one system to another, even when passed the same options."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:293
msgid ""
"As the <quote><literal>making snapshot</literal></quote> lines of output "
"above imply, the <command role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> command "
"works by creating two snapshots of your source tree.  The first snapshot is "
"of the source revision; the second, of the target revision or working "
"directory.  The <command role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> command "
"generates these snapshots in a temporary directory, passes the name of each "
"directory to an external diff viewer, then deletes the temporary directory.  "
"For efficiency, it only snapshots the directories and files that have changed "
"between the two revisions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:306
msgid ""
"Snapshot directory names have the same base name as your repository. If your "
"repository path is <filename class=\"directory\">/quux/bar/foo</filename>, "
"then <filename class=\"directory\">foo</filename> will be the name of each "
"snapshot directory.  Each snapshot directory name has its changeset ID "
"appended, if appropriate.  If a snapshot is of revision "
"<literal>a631aca1083f</literal>, the directory will be named <filename class="
"\"directory\">foo.a631aca1083f</filename>.  A snapshot of the working "
"directory won't have a changeset ID appended, so it would just be <filename "
"class=\"directory\">foo</filename> in this example.  To see what this looks "
"like in practice, look again at the <command role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</"
"command> example above.  Notice that the diff has the snapshot directory "
"names embedded in its header."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:322
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> command accepts two "
"important options. The <option role=\"hg-ext-extdiff-cmd-extdiff-opt\">hg -p</"
"option> option lets you choose a program to view differences with, instead of "
"<command>diff</command>.  With the <option role=\"hg-ext-extdiff-cmd-extdiff-"
"opt\">hg -o</option> option, you can change the options that <command role="
"\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> passes to the program (by default, these "
"options are <quote><literal>-Npru</literal></quote>, which only make sense if "
"you're running <command>diff</command>).  In other respects, the <command "
"role=\"hg-ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> command acts similarly to the built-"
"in <command role=\"hg-cmd\">hg diff</command> command: you use the same "
"option names, syntax, and arguments to specify the revisions you want, the "
"files you want, and so on."
msgstr ""

#
#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:339
msgid ""
"As an example, here's how to run the normal system <command>diff</command> "
"command, getting it to generate context diffs (using the <option role=\"cmd-"
"opt-diff\">-c</option> option)  instead of unified diffs, and five lines of "
"context instead of the default three (passing <literal>5</literal> as the "
"argument to the <option role=\"cmd-opt-diff\">-C</option> option)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:348
msgid ""
"Launching a visual diff tool is just as easy.  Here's how to launch the "
"<command>kdiff3</command> viewer."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:352
msgid ""
"If your diff viewing command can't deal with directories, you can easily work "
"around this with a little scripting.  For an example of such scripting in "
"action with the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">mq</literal> extension and the "
"<command>interdiff</command> command, see <xref linkend=\"mq-collab:tips:"
"interdiff\"/>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:360
msgid "Defining command aliases"
msgstr "定义命令的别名"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:362
msgid ""
"It can be cumbersome to remember the options to both the <command role=\"hg-"
"ext-extdiff\">extdiff</command> command and the diff viewer you want to use, "
"so the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension lets you define "
"<emphasis>new</emphasis> commands that will invoke your diff viewer with "
"exactly the right options."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:369
msgid ""
"All you need to do is edit your <filename role=\"special\">~/.hgrc</"
"filename>, and add a section named <literal role=\"rc-extdiff\">extdiff</"
"literal>.  Inside this section, you can define multiple commands.  Here's how "
"to add a <literal>kdiff3</literal> command.  Once you've defined this, you "
"can type <quote><literal>hg kdiff3</literal></quote> and the <literal role="
"\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension will run <command>kdiff3</command> for "
"you."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:379
msgid ""
"If you leave the right hand side of the definition empty, as above, the "
"<literal role=\"hg-ext\">extdiff</literal> extension uses the name of the "
"command you defined as the name of the external program to run.  But these "
"names don't have to be the same.  Here, we define a command named "
"<quote><literal>hg wibble</literal></quote>, which runs <command>kdiff3</"
"command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:389
msgid ""
"You can also specify the default options that you want to invoke your diff "
"viewing program with.  The prefix to use is <quote><literal>opts.</literal></"
"quote>, followed by the name of the command to which the options apply.  This "
"example defines a <quote><literal>hg vimdiff</literal></quote> command that "
"runs the <command>vim</command> editor's <literal>DirDiff</literal> extension."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:403
msgid ""
"Cherrypicking changes with the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">transplant</literal> "
"extension"
msgstr "使用扩展 <literal role=\"hg-ext\">transplant</literal> 以挑选修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:406
msgid "Need to have a long chat with Brendan about this."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><title>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:410
msgid ""
"Send changes via email with the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">patchbomb</literal> "
"extension"
msgstr ""
"使用扩展 <literal role=\"hg-ext\">patchbomb</literal> 通过 email 发送修改"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:413
msgid ""
"Many projects have a culture of <quote>change review</quote>, in which people "
"send their modifications to a mailing list for others to read and comment on "
"before they commit the final version to a shared repository.  Some projects "
"have people who act as gatekeepers; they apply changes from other people to a "
"repository to which those others don't have access."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:421
msgid ""
"Mercurial makes it easy to send changes over email for review or application, "
"via its <literal role=\"hg-ext\">patchbomb</literal> extension.  The "
"extension is so named because changes are formatted as patches, and it's "
"usual to send one changeset per email message.  Sending a long series of "
"changes by email is thus much like <quote>bombing</quote> the recipient's "
"inbox, hence <quote>patchbomb</quote>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:429
msgid ""
"As usual, the basic configuration of the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">patchbomb</"
"literal> extension takes just one or two lines in your <filename role="
"\"special\"> /.hgrc</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:435
msgid ""
"Once you've enabled the extension, you will have a new command available, "
"named <command role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb\">email</command>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:439
msgid ""
"The safest and best way to invoke the <command role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb"
"\">email</command> command is to <emphasis>always</emphasis> run it first "
"with the <option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -n</option> "
"option.  This will show you what the command <emphasis>would</emphasis> send, "
"without actually sending anything.  Once you've had a quick glance over the "
"changes and verified that you are sending the right ones, you can rerun the "
"same command, with the <option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -n</"
"option> option removed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:450
msgid ""
"The <command role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb\">email</command> command accepts the "
"same kind of revision syntax as every other Mercurial command.  For example, "
"this command will send every revision between 7 and <literal>tip</literal>, "
"inclusive."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:455
msgid ""
"You can also specify a <emphasis>repository</emphasis> to compare with.  If "
"you provide a repository but no revisions, the <command role=\"hg-ext-"
"patchbomb\">email</command> command will send all revisions in the local "
"repository that are not present in the remote repository.  If you "
"additionally specify revisions or a branch name (the latter using the <option "
"role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -b</option> option), this will "
"constrain the revisions sent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:464
msgid ""
"It's perfectly safe to run the <command role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb\">email</"
"command> command without the names of the people you want to send to: if you "
"do this, it will just prompt you for those values interactively.  (If you're "
"using a Linux or Unix-like system, you should have enhanced "
"<literal>readline</literal>-style editing capabilities when entering those "
"headers, too, which is useful.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:472
msgid ""
"When you are sending just one revision, the <command role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb"
"\">email</command> command will by default use the first line of the "
"changeset description as the subject of the single email message it sends."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:477
msgid ""
"If you send multiple revisions, the <command role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb\">email</"
"command> command will usually send one message per changeset.  It will "
"preface the series with an introductory message, in which you should describe "
"the purpose of the series of changes you're sending."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:484
msgid "Changing the behaviour of patchbombs"
msgstr "修改 patchbomb 的行为"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:486
msgid ""
"Not every project has exactly the same conventions for sending changes in "
"email; the <literal role=\"hg-ext\">patchbomb</literal> extension tries to "
"accommodate a number of variations through command line options."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:492
msgid ""
"You can write a subject for the introductory message on the command line "
"using the <option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -s</option> "
"option.  This takes one argument, the text of the subject to use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:498
msgid ""
"To change the email address from which the messages originate, use the "
"<option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -f</option> option.  This "
"takes one argument, the email address to use."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:504
msgid ""
"The default behaviour is to send unified diffs (see <xref linkend=\"sec:mq:"
"patch\"/> for a description of the format), one per message.  You can send a "
"binary bundle instead with the <option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt"
"\">hg -b</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:512
msgid ""
"Unified diffs are normally prefaced with a metadata header.  You can omit "
"this, and send unadorned diffs, with the <option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-"
"email-opt\">hg --plain</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:518
msgid ""
"Diffs are normally sent <quote>inline</quote>, in the same body part as the "
"description of a patch.  This makes it easiest for the largest number of "
"readers to quote and respond to parts of a diff, as some mail clients will "
"only quote the first MIME body part in a message. If you'd prefer to send the "
"description and the diff in separate body parts, use the <option role=\"hg-"
"ext-patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -a</option> option."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:528
msgid ""
"Instead of sending mail messages, you can write them to an <literal>mbox</"
"literal>-format mail folder using the <option role=\"hg-ext-patchbomb-cmd-"
"email-opt\">hg -m</option> option.  That option takes one argument, the name "
"of the file to write to."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: ../en/ch13-hgext.xml:535
msgid ""
"If you would like to add a <command>diffstat</command>-format summary to each "
"patch, and one to the introductory message, use the <option role=\"hg-ext-"
"patchbomb-cmd-email-opt\">hg -d</option> option.  The <command>diffstat</"
"command> command displays a table containing the name of each file patched, "
"the number of lines affected, and a histogram showing how much each file is "
"modified.  This gives readers a qualitative glance at how complex a patch is."
msgstr ""