Mercurial > hgbook
annotate es/collab.tex @ 530:f809de31887a
more translation :D
added a term to the glossary
author | jerojasro@localhost |
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date | Sun, 30 Nov 2008 18:41:51 -0500 |
parents | e5c5918e8230 |
children | 0d6c97362064 |
rev | line source |
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1 \chapter{Colaborar con otros} |
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2 \label{cha:collab} |
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3 |
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4 Debido a su naturaleza descentralizada, Mercurial no impone política |
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5 alguna de cómo deben trabajar los grupos de personas. Sin embargo, si |
513 | 6 usted es nuevo al control distribuido de versiones, es bueno tener |
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7 herramientas y ejemplos a la mano al pensar en posibles modelos de |
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8 flujo de trabajo. |
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9 |
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10 \section{La interfaz web de Mercurial} |
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11 |
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12 Mercurial tiene una poderosa interfaz web que provee bastantes |
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13 capacidades útiles. |
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14 |
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15 Para uso interactivo, la interfaz le permite visualizar uno o varios |
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16 repositorios. Puede ver la historia de un repositorio, examinar cada |
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17 cambio(comentarios y diferencias), y ver los contenidos de cada |
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18 directorio y fichero. |
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19 |
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20 Adicionalmente la interfaz provee feeds de RSS de los cambios de los |
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21 repositorios. Que le permite ``subscribirse''a un repositorio usando |
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22 su herramienta de lectura de feeds favorita, y ser notificado |
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23 automáticamente de la actividad en el repositorio tan pronto como |
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24 sucede. Me gusta mucho más este modelo que el estar suscrito a una |
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25 lista de correo a la cual se envían las notificaciones, dado que no |
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26 requiere configuración adicional de parte de quien sea que está |
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27 administrando el repositorio. |
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28 |
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29 La interfaz web también permite clonar repositorios a los usuarios |
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30 remotos, jalar cambios, y (cuando el servidor está configurado para |
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31 permitirlo) publicar cambios en el mismo. El protocolo de tunneling |
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32 de Mercurial comprime datos agresivamente, de forma que trabaja |
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33 eficientemente incluso con conexiones de red con poco ancho de banda. |
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34 |
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35 La forma más sencilla de iniciarse con la interfaz web es usar su |
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36 navegador para visitar un repositorio existente, como por ejemplo el |
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37 repositorio principal de Mercurial \url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg?style=gitweb}. |
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38 |
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39 Si está interesado en proveer una interfaz web a sus propios |
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40 repositorios, Mercurial provee dos formas de hacerlo. La primera es |
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41 usando la orden \hgcmd{serve}, que está enfocada a servir ``de forma |
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42 liviana'' y por intervalos cortos. Para más detalles de cómo usar |
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43 esta orden vea la sección~\ref{sec:collab:serve} más adelante. Si |
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44 tiene un repositorio que desea hacer permanente, Mercurial tiene |
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45 soporte embebido del \command{ssh} para publicar cambios con seguridad |
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46 al repositorio central, como se documenta en la |
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47 sección~\ref{sec:collab:ssh}. Es muy usual que se publique una copia |
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48 de sólo lectura en el repositorio que está corriendo sobre HTTP usando |
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49 CGI, como en la sección~\ref{sec:collab:cgi}. Publicar sobre HTTP |
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50 satisface las necesidades de la gente que no tiene permisos de |
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51 publicación y de aquellos que quieren usar navegadores web para |
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52 visualizar la historia del repositorio. |
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53 |
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54 \subsection{Trabajo con muchas ramas} |
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55 |
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56 Los proyectos de cierta talla tienden naturlamente a progresar de |
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57 forma simultánea en varios frentes. En el caso del software, es común |
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58 que un proyecto tenga versiones periódicas oficiales. Una versión |
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59 puede entrar a ``modo mantenimiento'' por un tiempo después de su |
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60 primera publicación; las versiones de mantenimiento tienden a contener |
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61 solamente arreglos de fallos, pero no nuevas características. En |
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62 paralelo con las versiones de mantenimiento puede haber una o muchas |
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63 versiones futuras pueden estar en desarrollo. La gente usa normalmente |
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64 la palabra ``rama'' para referirse a una de las direcciones |
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65 ligeramente distintas en las cuales procede el desarrollo. |
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66 |
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67 Mercurial está especialmente preparado para administrar un buen número |
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68 de ramas simultáneas pero no idénticas. Cada ``dirección de |
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69 desarrollo'' puede vivir en su propio repositorio central, y puede |
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70 mezclar los cambios de una a otra de acuerdo con las necesidades. Dado |
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71 que los repositorios son independientes, uno del otro, los cambios |
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72 inestables de una rama de desarrollo nunca afectarán una rama estable |
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73 a menos que alguien explícitamente mezcle los cambios. |
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74 |
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75 A continuación un ejemplo de cómo podría hacerse esto en la |
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76 práctica. Digamos que tiene una ``rama principal'' en un servidor |
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77 central. |
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78 \interaction{branching.init} |
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79 Alguien lo clona, hace cambios locales, los prueba, y los publica allí |
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80 mismo. |
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81 |
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82 Una vez que la rama principal alcanza una estado de versión se puede |
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83 usar la orden \hgcmd{tag} para dar un nombre permanente a la revisión. |
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84 \interaction{branching.tag} |
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85 Digamos que en la rama principal ocurre más desarrollo. |
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86 \interaction{branching.main} |
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87 Cuando se usa la etiqueta con que se identificó la versión, la gente |
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88 puede clonar el repositorio en cualquier momento en el futuro |
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89 empleando \hgcmd{update} para obtener una copia del directorio de |
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90 trabajo exacta como cuando se creó la etiqueta de la revisión que se |
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91 consignó. |
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92 \interaction{branching.update} |
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93 |
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94 Adicionalmente, justo después de que la rama principal se etiquete, |
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95 alguien puede clonarla en el servidor a una nueva rama ``estable'', |
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96 también en el servidor. |
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97 \interaction{branching.clone} |
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98 |
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99 Alguien que requiera hacer un cambio en la rama estable puede clonar |
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100 \emph{ese} repositorio, hacer sus cambios, consignar y publicarlos |
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101 posteriormente al inicial. |
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102 \interaction{branching.stable} |
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103 Puesto que los repositorios de Mercurial son independientes, y que |
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104 Mercurial no mueve los cambios de un lado a otro automáticamente, las |
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105 ramas estable y principal están \emph{aisladas} la una de la otra. |
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106 Los cambios que haga en la rama principal no ``se filtran'' a la rama |
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107 estable o vice versa. |
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108 |
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109 Es usual que los arreglos de fallos de la rama estable deban hacerse |
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110 aparecer en la rama principal también. En lugar de reescribir el |
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111 arreglo del fallo en la rama principal, puede jalar y mezclar los |
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112 cambios de la rama estable a la principal, Mercurial traerá tales |
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113 arreglos por usted. |
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114 \interaction{branching.merge} |
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115 La rama principal contendtrá aún los cambios que no están en la |
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116 estable y contendrá además todos los arreglos de fallos de la rama |
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117 estable. La rama estable permanece incólume a tales cambios. |
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118 |
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119 \subsection{Ramas de Características} |
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120 |
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121 En proyectos grandes, una forma efectiva de administrar los cambios es |
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122 dividir el equipo en grupos más pequeños. Cada grupo tiene una rama |
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123 compartida, clonada de una rama ``principal'' que conforma el proyecto |
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124 completo. Aquellos que trabajan en ramas individuales típicamente |
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125 están aislados de los desarrollos de otras ramas. |
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126 |
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127 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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128 \centering |
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129 \grafix{feature-branches} |
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130 \caption{Ramas de Características} |
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131 \label{fig:collab:feature-branches} |
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132 \end{figure} |
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133 |
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134 Cuando una rama particular alcanza un estado deseado, alguien del |
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135 equipo de características jala y fusiona de la rama principal hacia |
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136 la rama de características y publica posteriormente a la rama principal. |
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137 |
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138 \subsection{El tren de publicación} |
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139 |
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140 Algunos proyectos se organizan al estilo``tren'': Una versión se |
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141 planifica para ser liberada cada cierto tiempo, y las características |
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142 que estén listas cuando ha llegado el momento ``tren'', se incorporan. |
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143 |
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144 Este modelo tiene cierta similitud a las ramas de características. La |
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145 diferencia es que cuando una característica pierde el tren, alguien en |
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146 el equipo de características jala y fusiona los cambios que se fueron |
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147 en la versión liberada hacia la rama de característica, y el trabajo |
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148 continúa sobre lo fusionado para que la característica logre estar en |
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149 la próxima versión. |
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150 |
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151 \subsection{El modelo del kernel linux} |
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152 |
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153 El desarrollo del Kernel Linux tiene una estructura jerárquica |
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154 bastante horizontal, rodeada de una nube de caos aparente. Dado que la |
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155 mayoría de desarrolladores usan \command{git}, una herramienta distribuida |
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156 de control de versiones con capacidades similares a Mercurial, resulta |
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157 de utilidad describir la forma en que el trabajo fluye en tal |
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158 ambiente; si le gustan las ideas, la aproximación se traduce bien |
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159 entre Git y Mercurial. |
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160 |
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161 En el centro de la comunidad está Linus Torvalds, el creador de Linux. |
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162 Él publica un único repositorio que es considerado el árbol |
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163 ``oficial'' actual por la comunidad completa de |
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164 desarrolladores. Cualquiera puede clonar el árbol de Linus, pero él es |
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165 muy selectivo acerca de los árboles de los cuales jala. |
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166 |
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167 Linus tiene varios ``lugartenientes confiables''. Como regla, él jala |
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168 todos los cambios que ellos publican, en la mayoría de los casos sin |
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169 siquiera revisarlos. Algunos de sus lugartenientes generalmente |
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170 aceptan ser los ``mantenedores'', responsables de subsistemas |
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171 específicos dentro del kernel. Si un hacker cualquiera desea hacer un |
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172 cambio a un subsistema y busca que termine en el árbol de Linus, debe |
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173 encontrar quién es el mantenedor del subsistema y solicitarle que |
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174 tenga en cuenta su cambio. Si el mantenedor revisa los cambios y está |
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175 de acuerdo en tomarlos, estos pasarán al árbol de Linus de acuerdo a |
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176 lo expuesto. |
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177 |
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178 Cada lugarteniente tiene su forma particular de revisar, aceptar y |
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179 publicar los cambios; y para decidir cuando hacerlos presentes a |
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180 Linus. Adicionalmente existen varias ramas conocidas que mucha gente |
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181 usa para propósitos distintos. Por ejemplo, pocas personas mantienen |
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182 repositorios ``estables'' de versiones anteriores del kernel, a los |
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183 cuales aplican arreglos de fallos críticos necesarios. Algunos |
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184 mantenedores publican varios árboles: uno para cambios |
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185 experimentales; uno para cambios que van a ofrecer al mantenedor |
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186 principal; y así sucesivamente. Otros publican un solo árbol. |
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187 |
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188 Este modelo tiene dos características notables. La primera es que son |
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189 de ``jalar exclusivamente''. Usted debe solicitar, convencer o |
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190 incluso rogar a otro desarrollador para que tome sus cabmios, porque |
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191 casi no hay árboles en los cuales más de una persona pueda publicar, y |
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192 no hay forma de publicar cambios en un árbol que otra persona controla. |
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193 |
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194 El segundo está basado en reputación y meritocracia. Si usted es un |
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195 desconocido, Linus probablemente ignorará sus cambios, sin siquiera |
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196 responderle. Pero un mantenedor de un subsistema probablemente los |
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197 revisara, y los acogerá en caso de que aprueben su criterio de |
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198 aplicabilidad. A medida que usted ofrezca ``mejores'' cambios a un |
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199 mantenedor, habrá más posibilidad de que se confíe en su juicio y se |
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200 acepten los cambios. Si usted es reconocido y matiene una rama |
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201 durante bastante tiempo para algo que Linus no ha aceptado, personas |
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202 con intereses similares pueden jalar sus cambios regularmente para |
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203 estar al día con su trabajo. |
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204 |
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205 La reputación y meritocracia no necesariamente es transversal entre |
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206 ``personas'' de diferentes subsistemas. Si usted es respetado pero es |
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207 un hacker en almacenamiento y trata de arreglar un fallo de redes, |
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208 tal cambio puede recibir un nivel de escrutinio de un mantenedor de |
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209 redes comparable con el que se le haría a un completo extraño. |
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210 |
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211 Personas que vienen de proyectos con un ordenamiento distinto, sienten |
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212 que el proceso comparativamente caótico del Kernel Linux es |
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213 completamente lunático. Es objeto de los caprichos individuales; la |
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214 gente desecha cambios cuando lo desean; y la fase de desarrollo es |
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215 alucinante. A pesar de eso Linux es una pieza de software exitosa y |
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216 bien reconocida. |
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217 |
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218 \subsection{Solamente jalar frente a colaboración pública} |
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219 |
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220 Una fuente perpetua de discusiones en la comunidad de código abierto |
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221 yace en el modelo de desarrollo en el cual la gente solamente jala |
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222 cambios de otros ``es mejor que'' uno en el cual muchas personas |
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223 pueden publicar cambios a un repositorio compartido. |
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224 |
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225 Tícamente los partidarios del modelo de publicar usan las herramientas |
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226 que se apegan a este modelo. Si usted usa una herramienta |
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227 centralizada de control de versiones como Subversion, no hay forma de |
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228 elegir qué modelo va a usar: La herramienta le ofrece publicación |
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229 compartida, y si desea hacer cualquier otra cosa, va a tener que |
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230 aplicar una aproximación artificial (tal como aplicar parches a mano). |
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231 |
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232 Una buena herramienta distribuida de control de versiones, tal como |
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233 Mercurial soportará los dos modelos. Usted y sus colaboradores |
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234 pueden estructurar cómo trabajarán juntos basados en sus propias |
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235 necesidades y preferencias, sin depender de las peripecias que la |
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236 herramienta les obligue a hacer. |
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237 |
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238 \subsection{Cuando la colaboración encuentra la administración ramificada} |
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239 |
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240 Una vez que usted y su equipo configurar algunos repositorios |
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241 compartidos y comienzan a propagar cambios entre sus repositorios |
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242 locales y compartidos, comenzará a encarar un reto relacionado, pero |
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243 un poco distinto: Administrar las direcciones en las cuales su equipo |
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244 puede moverse. A pesar de que está intimamente ligado acerca de cómo |
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245 interactúa su equipo, es lo suficientemente denso para ameritar un |
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246 tratamiento en el capítulo~\ref{chap:branch}. |
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247 |
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248 \section{Aspectos técnicos de la colaboración} |
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249 |
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250 Lo que resta del capítulo lo dedicamos a las cuestiones de servir |
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251 datos a sus colaboradores. |
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252 |
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253 \section{Compartir informalmente con \hgcmd{serve}} |
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254 \label{sec:collab:serve} |
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255 |
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256 La orden \hgcmd{serve} de Mercurial satisface de forma espectacular |
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257 las necesidades de un grupo pequeño, acoplado y de corto |
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258 tiempo. Se constituye en una demostración de cómo se siente usar los |
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259 comandos usando la red. |
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260 |
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261 Ejecute \hgcmd{serve} dentro de un repositorio, y en pocos segundos |
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262 iniciará un servidor HTTP especializado; aceptará conexiones desde |
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263 cualquier cliente y servirá datos de este repositorio mientrs lo |
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264 mantenga funcionando. Todo el que sepa el URL del servidor que ha |
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265 iniciado, y que puede comunicarse con su computador por la red, puede |
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266 usar un navegador web o Mercurial para leer datos del repositorio. Un |
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267 URL para una instancia de \hgcmd{serve} ejecutándose en un portátil |
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268 debería lucir algo \Verb|http://my-laptop.local:8000/|. |
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269 |
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270 La orden \hgcmd{serve} \emph{no} es un servidor web de propósito |
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271 general. Solamente puede hacer dos cosas: |
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272 \begin{itemize} |
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273 \item Permitir que se pueda visualizar la historia del repositorio que |
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274 está sirviendo desde navegadores web. |
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275 \item Hablar el protocolo de conexión de Mercurial para que puedan hacer |
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276 \hgcmd{clone} o \hgcmd{pull} (jalar) cambios de tal repositorio. |
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277 \end{itemize} |
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278 En particular, \hgcmd{serve} no permitirá que los usuarios remotos |
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279 puedan \emph{modificar} su repositorio. Es de tipo solo lectura. |
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280 |
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281 Si está comenzando con Mercurial, no hay nada que le impida usar |
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282 \hgcmd{serve} para servir un repositorio en su propio computador, y |
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283 usar posteriormente órdenes como \hgcmd{clone}, \hgcmd{incoming}, para |
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284 comunicarse con el servidor como si el repositorio estuviera alojado |
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285 remotamente. Lo que además puede ayudarle a adecuarse rápidamente para |
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286 usar comandos en repositorios alojados en la red. |
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287 |
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288 \subsection{Cuestiones adicionales para tener en cuenta} |
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289 |
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290 Dado que permite lectura sin autenticación a todos sus clientes, |
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291 debería usar \hgcmd{serve} exclusivamente en ambientes en los cuáles |
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292 no tenga problema en que otros vean, o en los cuales tenga control |
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293 completo acerca de quien puede acceder a su red y jalar cambios de su |
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294 repositorio. |
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295 |
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296 La orden \hgcmd{serve} no tiene conocimiento acerca de programas |
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297 cortafuegos que puedan estar instalados en su sistema o en su red. No |
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298 puede detectar o controlar sus cortafuegos. Si otras personas no |
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299 pueden acceder a su instancia \hgcmd{serve}, lo siguiente que debería hacer |
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300 (\emph{después} de asegurarse que tienen el URL correcto) es verificar |
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301 su configuración de cortafuegos. |
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302 |
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303 De forma predeterminada, \hgcmd{serve} escucha conexiones entrantes en |
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304 el puerto~8000. Si otro proceso está escuchando en tal puerto, usted |
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305 podrá especificar un puerto distinto para escuchar con la opción |
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306 \hgopt{serve}{-p} . |
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307 |
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308 Normalmente, cuando se inicia \hgcmd{serve}, no imprime nada, lo cual |
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309 puede ser desconcertante. Si desea confirmar que en efecto está |
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310 ejecutándose correctamente, y darse cuenta qué URL debería enviar a |
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311 sus colaboradores, inícielo con la opción \hggopt{-v}. |
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312 |
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313 \section{Uso del protocolo Secure Shell (ssh)} |
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314 \label{sec:collab:ssh} |
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315 |
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316 Usted puede publicar y jalar cambios en la red de forma segura usando |
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317 el protocolo Secure Shell (\texttt{ssh}). Para usarlo satisfactoriamente, |
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318 tendrá que hacer algo de configuración a nivel de cliente o el |
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319 servidor. |
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320 |
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321 Si no está familizarizado con ssh, es un protocolo de red que le permite |
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322 comunicarse con seguridad con otro computador. Para usarlo con |
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323 Mercurial, estará estableciendo una o más cuentas de usuario en un |
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324 servidor de forma tal que los usuarios remotos puedan entrar y |
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325 ejecutar órdenes. |
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326 |
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327 (Si ssh le \emph{es} familiar, encontrará probablemente elemental una |
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328 porción del material a continuación.) |
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329 |
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330 \subsection{Cómo leer y escribir URLs de ssh} |
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331 |
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332 Los URLs de ssh tienden a lucir de la siguiente forma: |
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333 \begin{codesample2} |
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334 ssh://bos@hg.serpentine.com:22/hg/hgbook |
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335 \end{codesample2} |
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336 \begin{enumerate} |
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337 \item La parte ``\texttt{ssh://}'' indica a Mercurial que use el |
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338 protocolo ssh. |
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339 \item El componente ``\texttt{bos@}'' indica el nombre del usuario que |
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340 está entrando al servidor. Puede omitirl si el usuario remoto |
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341 coincide con el usuario local. |
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342 \item ``\texttt{hg.serpentine.com}'' es el nombre del servidor al cual |
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343 se desea entrar. |
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344 \item El ``:22'' identifica el número del puerto en el servidor al cual |
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345 se conectará. El predeterminado es el~22, así que solamente |
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346 necesitará especificar esa porción si \emph{no} está usando el |
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347 puerto~22. |
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348 \item La última porción del URL es la ruta local al repositorio en el |
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349 servidor. |
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350 \end{enumerate} |
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351 |
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352 El componente de la ruta del URL para ssh es una fuente de confusión, |
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353 puesto que no hay una forma estándar para que las herramientas puedan |
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354 interpretarlo. Algunos programas se comportan de manera distinta a |
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355 otros cuando manipulan estas rutas. No es la situación ideal, pero |
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356 es muy poco probable que vaya a cambiar. Por favor lea los párrafos |
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357 siguientes cuidadosamente. |
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358 |
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359 Mercurial trata la ruta al repositorio en el servidor como relativo al |
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360 directorio chasa del usuario remoto. Por ejemplo, si el usuario |
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361 \texttt{foo} en el servidor tiene el directorio casa |
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362 \dirname{/home/foo}, |
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363 entonces un URL ssh que contenga en su ruta a \dirname{bar} |
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364 \emph{realmente} se refiere al directorio \dirname{/home/foo/bar}. |
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365 |
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366 Si desea especificar una ruta relativa a otro directorio de usuario, |
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367 puede usar una ruta que comience con un caracter tildado, seguido del |
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368 nombre del usuario(llamémosle \texttt{otrousuario}, así |
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369 \begin{codesample2} |
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370 ssh://server/~otrousuario/hg/repo |
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371 \end{codesample2} |
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372 |
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373 Y si realmente desea especifica una ruta \emph{absoluta} en el |
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374 servidor, comience con el componente de la ruta con dos barras como |
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375 en el siguiente ejemplo: |
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376 \begin{codesample2} |
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377 ssh://server//absolute/path |
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378 \end{codesample2} |
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379 |
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380 \subsection{Encontrar un cliente ssh para su sistema} |
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381 |
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382 Casi todos los sistemas tipo Unix vienen con OpenSSH preinstalado. Si |
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383 usted está usando un sistema de estos, ejecute \Verb|which ssh| para |
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384 identificar dónde está instalada la orden \command{ssh} (usualmente |
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385 estará en \dirname{/usr/bin}). Si por casualidad no está presente, |
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386 vea la documentación de sus sistema para lograr instalarlo. |
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387 |
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388 En Windows, tendrá que escoger primero un cliente adecuado para |
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389 descargarlo. Hay dos alternativas: |
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390 \begin{itemize} |
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391 \item El excelente paquete PuTTY~\cite{web:putty} de Simon Tatham, que |
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392 ofrece un suite completo de órdenes de cliente ssh. |
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393 \item Si tiene alta tolerancia al dolor, puede usar el porte de Cygwin |
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394 para OpenSSH. |
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395 \end{itemize} |
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396 En cualquier caso, tendrá que editar su fichero \hgini\ para indicarle |
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397 a Mercurial dónde encontrar la orden real del cliente. Por ejemplo, si |
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398 está usando PuTTY, tendrá que usar la orden \command{plink} como un |
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399 cliente de línea de órdenes. |
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400 \begin{codesample2} |
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401 [ui] |
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402 ssh = C:/ruta/a/plink.exe -ssh -i "C:/ruta/a/mi/llave/privada" |
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403 \end{codesample2} |
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404 |
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405 \begin{note} |
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406 La ruta a \command{plink} no debería contener espacios o caracteres |
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407 en blanco, o Mercurial no podrá encontrarlo correctamente (por lo |
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408 tanto, probablemente no sería buena idea colocarlo en |
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409 \dirname{C:\\Program Files} |
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410 \end{note} |
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411 |
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412 \subsection{Generar un par de llaves} |
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413 |
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414 Para evitar la necesidad de teclera una clave de forma repetitiva cada |
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415 vez que necesita usar el cliente, recomiendo generar un par de llaves. |
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416 En un sistema tipo Unix, la orden \command{ssh-keygen} también se |
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417 comportará bien. En Windows, si está usando PuTTY, la orden |
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418 \command{puttygen} es la que necesitará. |
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419 |
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420 Cuando genera un par de llaves, se aconseja \emph{comedidamente} |
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421 protegerlas con una frase de clave. (La única oportunidad en la cual |
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422 usted querría identificarse una única vez, es cuando está usando |
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423 el protocolo ssh para tareas automatizadas en una red segura.) |
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424 |
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425 No basta con generar un par de llaves. Se requiere adicionar una llave |
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426 pública al conjunto de llaves autorizadas para todos los usuarios |
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427 remotos que se vayan a autenticar. Para aquellos servidores que usen |
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428 OpenSSH(la gran mayoría), significará añadir la llave pública a la |
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429 lista en el fichero llamado \sfilename{authorized\_keys} en su |
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430 directorio \sdirname{.ssh}. |
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431 |
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432 En sistemas tipo Unix, su llave pública tendrá la extensión |
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433 \filename{.pub}. Si usa \command{puttygen} en Windows, puede |
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434 guardar la llave pública en un fichero de su elección, o pegarla desde |
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435 la ventana en la cual se despliega directamente en el fichero |
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436 \sfilename{authorized\_keys}. |
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437 |
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438 \subsection{Uso de un agente de autenticación} |
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439 |
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440 Un agente de autentitcación es un daemonio que almacena frases clave en |
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441 memoria(olvidará las frases clave si sale y vuelve a entrar). Un cliente |
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442 ssh notará si está corriendo, y solicitará una frase clave. Si no hay |
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443 un agente de autenticación corriendo, o el agente no almacena la frase |
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444 clave necesaria, tendrá que teclear su frase clave cada vez que |
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445 Mercurial intente comunicarse con un servidor para usted(p.e.~cada vez |
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446 que jale o publique cambios). |
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447 |
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448 El problema de almacenar frases claves en un agente es que es posible |
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449 para un atacante bien preparado recuperar el texto plano de su frase |
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450 clave, en alguntos casos incluso si su sistema sea muy alternante. |
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451 Es su decisión si es un riesgo aceptable. Lo que si es seguro es que |
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452 evita reteclear. |
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453 |
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454 En sistemas tipo Unix, el agente se llama \command{ssh-agent}, y |
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455 usualmente se ejecuta automáticamente cuando usted entra. Tendrá que |
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456 usar la orden \command{ssh-add} para añadir frases claves al agente. En |
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457 Windows, si está usando PuTTY, la orden \command{pageant} actúa como |
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458 el agente. Añade un ícono a su barra del sistema que le permitirá |
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459 almacenar frases clave. |
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460 |
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461 \subsection{Configurar el lado del servidor apropiadamente} |
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462 |
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463 Dado que puede ser dispendioso configurar ssh si usted es nuevo, hay |
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464 una variedad de cosas que podrían ir mal. Añada piense primero en |
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465 Mercurial y hay mucho más en qué pensar. La mayor parte de estos |
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466 problemas potenciales occuren en el lado del servidor, no en el cliente. |
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467 Las buenas noticias es que una vez tiene una configuración funcional, |
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468 usualmente continuará trabajando indefinidamente. |
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469 |
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470 Antes de intentar que Mercurial hable con un servidor ssh, es mejor |
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471 asegurarse que puede usar la orden normal \command{ssh} o \command{putty} |
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472 para comunicarse con el servidor primero. Si tiene problemas usando |
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473 estas órdenes directamente, de seguro Mercurial no funcionará. Pero aún, |
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474 esconderá el problema subyacente. Cuando desee revisar un problema |
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475 relacionado con ssh y Mercurial, debería asegurarse primero que las |
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476 órdenes de ssh en el lado del cliente funcionan primero, \emph{antes} |
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477 de preocuparse por si existe un problema con Mercurial. |
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478 |
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479 Lo primero para asegurar en el lado del servidor es que puede entrar |
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480 desde otra máquina. Si no puede entrar con \command{ssh} o |
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481 \command{putty}, el mensaje de error que obtenga le puede dar pistas |
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482 de qué ha ido mal. Los problemas más comunes son los siguientes: |
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483 \begin{itemize} |
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484 \item Si obitene un error de ``conexión rehusada'', es posible que no |
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485 haya un daemonio SSH corriendo en el servidor o que no pueda accederse |
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486 a él por configuraciones de cortafuegos. |
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487 \item Si obtiene un error de ``no hay ruta hasta el servidor'', puede |
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488 tener la dirección del servidor incorrecta o un cortafuegos con |
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489 bloqueo agresivo que no permitirá su existencia. |
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490 \item Si obtiene un mensaje de ``permiso denegado'', puede que haya |
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491 tecleado mal el usuario en el servidor, o que haya tecleado |
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492 incorrectamente la frase clave o la clave del usuario remoto. |
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493 \end{itemize} |
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494 En resumen, si tiene problemas al comunicarse con el daemonio ssh del |
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495 servidor, primero asegúrese de que está corriendo. En muchos sistemas |
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496 estará instalado, pero deshabilitado de forma predeterminada. Una vez |
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497 que haya hecho este paso tendrá que revisar si el cortafuegos del |
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498 servidor está configurado para recibir conexiones entrantes en el |
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499 puerto en el cual el daemonio de ssh está escuchando(usualmente el~22). |
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500 No trate de buscar otras posibilidades exóticas o configuraciones |
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501 erradas haste que haya revisado primero estas dos. |
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502 |
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503 Si está usando un agente de autenticación en el lado del cliente para |
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504 almacenar las frase claves de sus contraseñas, debería poder entrar al |
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505 servidor sin necesidad de que se le solicite frases claves o |
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506 contraseñas. Si se le pregunta alguna, a continuación algunas |
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507 posibilidades: |
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508 \begin{itemize} |
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509 \item Puede haber olvidado usar \command{ssh-add} o |
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510 \command{pageant} para guardar la frase clave. |
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511 \item Puede haber almacenado una frase clave errónea para la llave. |
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512 \end{itemize} |
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513 Si se le solicita la clave del usuario remoto, hay otras posibilidades |
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514 que deben revisarse: |
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515 \begin{itemize} |
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516 \item O bien el directorio del usuario o su directorio \sdirname{.ssh} |
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517 tiene permisos excesivamente abiertos. Como resultado el daemonio |
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518 ssh no creerá o leerá su fichero \sfilename{authorized\_keys}. |
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519 Por ejemplo, un directorio casa o \sdirname{.ssh} causará aveces |
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520 este síntoma. |
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521 \item El fichero de usuario \sfilename{authorized\_keys} puede tener |
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522 un problema. Si alguien distinto al usuario es dueño o puede |
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523 escribir el archivo, el daemonio ssh no confiará o lo leerá. |
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524 \end{itemize} |
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525 |
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526 En un mundo ideal, debería poder ejecutar la siguiente orden |
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527 exitósamente, y debería imprimir exactamente una línea de salida, |
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528 la fecha y hora actual. |
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529 \begin{codesample2} |
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530 ssh miservidor fecha |
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531 \end{codesample2} |
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532 |
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533 Si en su servidor tiene guión que se ejecuta a la entrada e imprimie |
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534 letreros o cualquier otra cosa, incluso cuando se ejecutan órdenes no |
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535 interactivas como esta, debería arreglarlo antes de continuar, de |
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536 forma que solamente imprima algo si se ejecuta interactivamente. De |
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537 otra forma estos letreros al menos llenarán la salida de Mercurial. |
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538 incluso podrían causar problemas potenciales cuando se ejecuten |
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539 órdenes de forma remota. Mercurial intenta detectar e ignorar los |
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540 letreros en sesiones no interactivas de \command{ssh}, pero no es |
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541 a prueba de tontos. (Si edita sus guiones de entrada en el servidor, |
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542 la forma usual de ver si un guión de script se ejecuta en un shell |
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543 interactivo, es verificar el código de retorno de la orden |
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544 \Verb|tty -s|.) |
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545 |
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546 Cuando verifique que el venerado ssh funciona en su servidor, el |
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547 paso siguiente es asegurar que Mercurial corre en el servidor. La |
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548 orden siguiente debería ejecutarse satisfactoriamente: |
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549 \begin{codesample2} |
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550 ssh miservidor hg version |
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551 \end{codesample2} |
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552 Si ve un mensaje de error en lugar de la salida usual de |
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553 \hgcmd{version}, será porque no ha instalado Mercurial en |
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554 \dirname{/usr/bin}. No se preocupe si este es el caso; no necesita |
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555 hacerlo. Pero debería revisar los posibles problemas presentados a |
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556 continuación: |
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557 \begin{itemize} |
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558 \item Está instalado Mercurial en el servidor? Se que suena trivial |
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559 pero es mejor revisar! |
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560 \item Tal vez la ruta de búsqueda de la interfaz de órdenes |
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561 (normalmente vía la variable de ambiente \envar{PATH}) simplemente |
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562 está mal configurada. |
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563 \item Puede ser que su variable de ambiente \envar{PATH} soalamente |
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564 apunte al lugar en el cual está el ejecutable \command{hg} si la |
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565 sesión de entrada es interactiva. Puede suceder si establece la |
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566 ruta en el guión de shell de entrada incorrecto. Consulte la |
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567 documentación de su línea de órdenes. |
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568 \item La variable de ambiente \envar{PYTHONPATH} puede requerir la |
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569 ruta a los módulos de Mercurial en Python. Puede que nisiquiera |
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570 está establecida; podría estar incorrecta; o puede ser que se |
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571 establezca únicamente cuando hay entradas interactivas. |
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572 \end{itemize} |
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573 |
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574 Si puede ejecutar \hgcmd{version} sobre una conexión ssh, |
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575 felicitaciones! Ha logrado la interacción entre el cliente y el |
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576 servidor. Ahora debería poder acceder a los repositorios de |
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577 Mercurial que tiene el usuario en el servidor. Si tiene problemas |
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578 con Mercurial y ssh en este punto, intente usar la opción |
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579 \hggopt{--debug} para tener información más clara de lo que está |
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580 sucediendo. |
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581 |
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582 \subsection{Compresión con ssh} |
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583 |
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584 Mercurial no comprime datos cuando usa el protocolo ssh, dado que |
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585 el protocolo puede comprimir datos transparentemente. Pero el |
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586 comportamiento predeterminado del cliente ssh es \emph{no} |
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587 solicitar compresión. |
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588 |
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589 Sobre cualquier red distinta a una LAN rápida(incluso con una red |
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590 inalámbrica), hacer uso de compresión puede mejorar el rendimiento |
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591 de las operaciones de Mercurial que involucren la red. Por ejemplo, |
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592 sobre WAN, alguien ha medido la compresión reduciendo la cantidad |
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593 de tiempo requerido para clonar un repositorio particularmente |
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594 grande de~51 minutos a~17 minutos. |
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595 |
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596 Tanto \command{ssh} como \command{plink} aceptan la opción |
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597 \cmdopt{ssh}{-C} que activa la compresión. Puede editar fácilmente |
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598 su \hgrc\ para habilitar la compresión para todos los usos de |
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599 Mercurial sobre el protocolo ssh. |
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600 \begin{codesample2} |
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601 [ui] |
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602 ssh = ssh -C |
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603 \end{codesample2} |
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604 |
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605 Si usa \command{ssh}, puede reconfigurarlo para que siempre use |
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606 compresión cuando se comunique con su servidor. Para hacerlo, |
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607 edite su fichero \sfilename{.ssh/config}(que puede no existir |
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608 aún), de la siguiente forma: |
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609 \begin{codesample2} |
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610 Host hg |
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611 Compression yes |
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612 HostName hg.ejemplo.com |
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613 \end{codesample2} |
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614 Que define un alias, \texttt{hg}. Cuando lo usa con la orden |
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615 \command{ssh} o con una URL de Mercurial con protocolo\texttt{ssh}, |
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616 logrará que \command{ssh} se conecte a \texttt{hg.ejemplo.com} |
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617 con compresión. Que le dará un nombre más corto para teclear y |
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618 compresión, los cuales por derecho propio son buenos. |
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619 |
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620 \section{Uso de CGI a través de HTTP} |
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621 \label{sec:collab:cgi} |
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622 |
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623 Dependiendo de qué tan ambicioso sea, configurar la interfaz CGI |
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624 de Mercurial puede tomar desde unos minutos hasta varias horas. |
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625 |
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626 Comenzaremos con el ejemplo más sencillo, y nos dirigiremos hacia |
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627 configuraciones más complejas. Incluso para el caso más básico |
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628 necesitará leer y modificar su configuración del servidor web. |
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629 |
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630 \begin{note} |
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631 Configurar un servidor web es una actividad compleja, engorrosa y |
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632 altamente dependiente del sistema. De ninguna manera podremos |
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633 cubrir todos los casos posibles con los cuales pueda encontrarse. |
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634 Use su discresión y juicio respecto a las secciones siguientes. |
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635 Esté preparado para cometer muchas equivocaciones, y emplear |
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636 bastante tiempo leyendo sus bitácoras de error del servidor. |
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637 \end{note} |
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638 |
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639 \subsection{Lista de chequeo de la configuración del servidor web} |
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640 |
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641 Antes de continuar, tómese un tiempo para revisar ciertos aspectos de |
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642 la configuración de su sistema: |
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643 |
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644 \begin{enumerate} |
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645 \item ¿Tiene un servidor web? Mac OS X viene con Apache, pero otros |
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646 sistemas pueden no tener un servidor web instalado. |
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647 \item Si tiene un servidor web instalado, ¿Está ejecutándose? En la |
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648 mayoría de sistemas, aunque esté presente, puede no estar habilitado |
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649 de forma predeterminada. |
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650 \item ¿u servidor está configurado para permitir ejecutar programas |
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651 CGI en el directorio donde planea hacerlo? Casi todos los |
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652 servidores de forma predeterminada explícitamente inhiben la |
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653 habilidad de ejecutar programas CGI. |
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654 \end{enumerate} |
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655 |
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656 Si no tiene un servidor web instalado, y no tiene cierta experiencia |
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657 configurando Apache, debería considerar usar el servidor web |
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658 \texttt{lighttpd} en lugar de Apache. Apache tiene una reputación |
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659 bien ganada por su configuración barroca y confusa. |
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660 A pesar de que \texttt{lighttpd} tiene menos características que |
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661 Apache en ciertas áreas, las mismas no son relevantes para servir |
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662 repositorios de Mercurial. Definitivamente es mucho más sencillo |
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663 comenzar con \texttt{lighttpd} que con Apache. |
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664 |
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665 \subsection{Configuración básica de CGI} |
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666 |
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667 En sistemas tipo Unix es común que los usuarios tengan un subdirectorio |
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668 con un nombre como \dirname{public\_html} en su directorio personal, |
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669 desde el cual pueden servir páginas web. Un fichero llamado \filename{foo} |
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670 en este directorio será visible en una URL de la forma |
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671 \texttt{http://www.example.com/\~username/foo}. |
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672 |
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673 Para comenzar, encuentre el guión \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} que debería |
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674 estar presente en su instalación de Mercurial. Si no puede |
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675 encontrarlo rápidamente una copia local en su sistema, puede |
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676 descargarlo del repositorio principal de Mercurial en |
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677 \url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgweb.cgi}. |
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678 |
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679 Tendrá que copiar este guión en su directorio \dirname{public\_html}, |
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680 y asegurarse que sea ejecutable. |
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681 \begin{codesample2} |
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682 cp .../hgweb.cgi ~/public_html |
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683 chmod 755 ~/public_html/hgweb.cgi |
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684 \end{codesample2} |
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685 El argumento \texttt{755} de la orden \command{chmod} es un poco más |
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686 general que hacerlo ejecutable: Asegura que el guión sea ejecutable |
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687 por cualquiera, y que el ``grupo'' y los ``otros'' \emph{not} tengan |
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688 permiso de escritura. Si dejara los permisos de escritura abiertos, |
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689 , el subsistema \texttt{suexec} de Apache probablemente se negaría |
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690 a ejecutar el guión. De hecho, \texttt{suexec} también insiste en que |
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691 el \emph{directorio} en el cual reside el guión no tenga permiso de |
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692 escritura para otros. |
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693 \begin{codesample2} |
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694 chmod 755 ~/public_html |
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695 \end{codesample2} |
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696 |
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697 \subsubsection{What could \emph{possibly} go wrong?} |
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698 \label{sec:collab:wtf} |
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699 |
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700 Once you've copied the CGI script into place, go into a web browser, |
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701 and try to open the URL \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgweb.cgi}, |
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702 \emph{but} brace yourself for instant failure. There's a high |
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703 probability that trying to visit this URL will fail, and there are |
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704 many possible reasons for this. In fact, you're likely to stumble |
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705 over almost every one of the possible errors below, so please read |
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706 carefully. The following are all of the problems I ran into on a |
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707 system running Fedora~7, with a fresh installation of Apache, and a |
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708 user account that I created specially to perform this exercise. |
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709 |
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710 Your web server may have per-user directories disabled. If you're |
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711 using Apache, search your config file for a \texttt{UserDir} |
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712 directive. If there's none present, per-user directories will be |
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713 disabled. If one exists, but its value is \texttt{disabled}, then |
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714 per-user directories will be disabled. Otherwise, the string after |
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715 \texttt{UserDir} gives the name of the subdirectory that Apache will |
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716 look in under your home directory, for example \dirname{public\_html}. |
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717 |
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718 Your file access permissions may be too restrictive. The web server |
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719 must be able to traverse your home directory and directories under |
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720 your \dirname{public\_html} directory, and read files under the latter |
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721 too. Here's a quick recipe to help you to make your permissions more |
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722 appropriate. |
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723 \begin{codesample2} |
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724 chmod 755 ~ |
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725 find ~/public_html -type d -print0 | xargs -0r chmod 755 |
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726 find ~/public_html -type f -print0 | xargs -0r chmod 644 |
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727 \end{codesample2} |
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728 |
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729 The other possibility with permissions is that you might get a |
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730 completely empty window when you try to load the script. In this |
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731 case, it's likely that your access permissions are \emph{too |
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732 permissive}. Apache's \texttt{suexec} subsystem won't execute a |
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733 script that's group-~or world-writable, for example. |
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734 |
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735 Your web server may be configured to disallow execution of CGI |
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736 programs in your per-user web directory. Here's Apache's |
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737 default per-user configuration from my Fedora system. |
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738 \begin{codesample2} |
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739 <Directory /home/*/public_html> |
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740 AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit |
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741 Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec |
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742 <Limit GET POST OPTIONS> |
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743 Order allow,deny |
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744 Allow from all |
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745 </Limit> |
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746 <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS> |
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747 Order deny,allow |
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748 Deny from all |
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749 </LimitExcept> |
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750 </Directory> |
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751 \end{codesample2} |
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752 If you find a similar-looking \texttt{Directory} group in your Apache |
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753 configuration, the directive to look at inside it is \texttt{Options}. |
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754 Add \texttt{ExecCGI} to the end of this list if it's missing, and |
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755 restart the web server. |
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756 |
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757 If you find that Apache serves you the text of the CGI script instead |
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758 of executing it, you may need to either uncomment (if already present) |
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759 or add a directive like this. |
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760 \begin{codesample2} |
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761 AddHandler cgi-script .cgi |
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762 \end{codesample2} |
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763 |
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764 The next possibility is that you might be served with a colourful |
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765 Python backtrace claiming that it can't import a |
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766 \texttt{mercurial}-related module. This is actually progress! The |
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767 server is now capable of executing your CGI script. This error is |
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768 only likely to occur if you're running a private installation of |
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769 Mercurial, instead of a system-wide version. Remember that the web |
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770 server runs the CGI program without any of the environment variables |
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771 that you take for granted in an interactive session. If this error |
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772 happens to you, edit your copy of \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} and follow the |
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773 directions inside it to correctly set your \envar{PYTHONPATH} |
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774 environment variable. |
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775 |
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776 Finally, you are \emph{certain} to by served with another colourful |
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777 Python backtrace: this one will complain that it can't find |
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778 \dirname{/path/to/repository}. Edit your \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} script |
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779 and replace the \dirname{/path/to/repository} string with the complete |
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780 path to the repository you want to serve up. |
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781 |
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782 At this point, when you try to reload the page, you should be |
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783 presented with a nice HTML view of your repository's history. Whew! |
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784 |
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785 \subsubsection{Configuring lighttpd} |
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786 |
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787 To be exhaustive in my experiments, I tried configuring the |
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788 increasingly popular \texttt{lighttpd} web server to serve the same |
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789 repository as I described with Apache above. I had already overcome |
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790 all of the problems I outlined with Apache, many of which are not |
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791 server-specific. As a result, I was fairly sure that my file and |
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792 directory permissions were good, and that my \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} |
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793 script was properly edited. |
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794 |
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795 Once I had Apache running, getting \texttt{lighttpd} to serve the |
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796 repository was a snap (in other words, even if you're trying to use |
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797 \texttt{lighttpd}, you should read the Apache section). I first had |
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798 to edit the \texttt{mod\_access} section of its config file to enable |
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799 \texttt{mod\_cgi} and \texttt{mod\_userdir}, both of which were |
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800 disabled by default on my system. I then added a few lines to the end |
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801 of the config file, to configure these modules. |
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802 \begin{codesample2} |
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803 userdir.path = "public_html" |
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804 cgi.assign = ( ".cgi" => "" ) |
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805 \end{codesample2} |
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806 With this done, \texttt{lighttpd} ran immediately for me. If I had |
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807 configured \texttt{lighttpd} before Apache, I'd almost certainly have |
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808 run into many of the same system-level configuration problems as I did |
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809 with Apache. However, I found \texttt{lighttpd} to be noticeably |
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810 easier to configure than Apache, even though I've used Apache for over |
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811 a decade, and this was my first exposure to \texttt{lighttpd}. |
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812 |
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813 \subsection{Sharing multiple repositories with one CGI script} |
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814 |
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815 The \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} script only lets you publish a single |
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816 repository, which is an annoying restriction. If you want to publish |
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817 more than one without wracking yourself with multiple copies of the |
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818 same script, each with different names, a better choice is to use the |
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819 \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script. |
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820 |
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821 The procedure to configure \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} is only a little |
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822 more involved than for \sfilename{hgweb.cgi}. First, you must obtain |
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823 a copy of the script. If you don't have one handy, you can download a |
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824 copy from the master Mercurial repository at |
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825 \url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi}. |
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826 |
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827 You'll need to copy this script into your \dirname{public\_html} |
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828 directory, and ensure that it's executable. |
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829 \begin{codesample2} |
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830 cp .../hgwebdir.cgi ~/public_html |
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831 chmod 755 ~/public_html ~/public_html/hgwebdir.cgi |
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832 \end{codesample2} |
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833 With basic configuration out of the way, try to visit |
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834 \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi} in your browser. It |
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835 should display an empty list of repositories. If you get a blank |
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836 window or error message, try walking through the list of potential |
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837 problems in section~\ref{sec:collab:wtf}. |
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838 |
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839 The \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script relies on an external |
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840 configuration file. By default, it searches for a file named |
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841 \sfilename{hgweb.config} in the same directory as itself. You'll need |
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842 to create this file, and make it world-readable. The format of the |
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843 file is similar to a Windows ``ini'' file, as understood by Python's |
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844 \texttt{ConfigParser}~\cite{web:configparser} module. |
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845 |
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846 The easiest way to configure \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} is with a |
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847 section named \texttt{collections}. This will automatically publish |
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848 \emph{every} repository under the directories you name. The section |
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849 should look like this: |
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850 \begin{codesample2} |
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851 [collections] |
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852 /my/root = /my/root |
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853 \end{codesample2} |
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854 Mercurial interprets this by looking at the directory name on the |
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855 \emph{right} hand side of the ``\texttt{=}'' sign; finding |
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856 repositories in that directory hierarchy; and using the text on the |
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857 \emph{left} to strip off matching text from the names it will actually |
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858 list in the web interface. The remaining component of a path after |
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859 this stripping has occurred is called a ``virtual path''. |
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860 |
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861 Given the example above, if we have a repository whose local path is |
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862 \dirname{/my/root/this/repo}, the CGI script will strip the leading |
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863 \dirname{/my/root} from the name, and publish the repository with a |
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864 virtual path of \dirname{this/repo}. If the base URL for our CGI |
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865 script is \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi}, the complete |
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866 URL for that repository will be |
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867 \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo}. |
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868 |
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869 If we replace \dirname{/my/root} on the left hand side of this example |
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870 with \dirname{/my}, then \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} will only strip off |
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871 \dirname{/my} from the repository name, and will give us a virtual |
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872 path of \dirname{root/this/repo} instead of \dirname{this/repo}. |
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873 |
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874 The \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script will recursively search each |
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875 directory listed in the \texttt{collections} section of its |
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876 configuration file, but it will \texttt{not} recurse into the |
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877 repositories it finds. |
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878 |
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879 The \texttt{collections} mechanism makes it easy to publish many |
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880 repositories in a ``fire and forget'' manner. You only need to set up |
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881 the CGI script and configuration file one time. Afterwards, you can |
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882 publish or unpublish a repository at any time by simply moving it |
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883 into, or out of, the directory hierarchy in which you've configured |
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884 \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} to look. |
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885 |
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886 \subsubsection{Explicitly specifying which repositories to publish} |
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887 |
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888 In addition to the \texttt{collections} mechanism, the |
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889 \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script allows you to publish a specific list |
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890 of repositories. To do so, create a \texttt{paths} section, with |
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891 contents of the following form. |
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892 \begin{codesample2} |
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893 [paths] |
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894 repo1 = /my/path/to/some/repo |
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895 repo2 = /some/path/to/another |
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896 \end{codesample2} |
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897 In this case, the virtual path (the component that will appear in a |
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898 URL) is on the left hand side of each definition, while the path to |
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899 the repository is on the right. Notice that there does not need to be |
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900 any relationship between the virtual path you choose and the location |
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901 of a repository in your filesystem. |
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902 |
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903 If you wish, you can use both the \texttt{collections} and |
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904 \texttt{paths} mechanisms simultaneously in a single configuration |
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905 file. |
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906 |
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907 \begin{note} |
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908 If multiple repositories have the same virtual path, |
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909 \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} will not report an error. Instead, it will |
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910 behave unpredictably. |
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911 \end{note} |
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912 |
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913 \subsection{Downloading source archives} |
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914 |
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915 Mercurial's web interface lets users download an archive of any |
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916 revision. This archive will contain a snapshot of the working |
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917 directory as of that revision, but it will not contain a copy of the |
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918 repository data. |
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919 |
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920 By default, this feature is not enabled. To enable it, you'll need to |
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921 add an \rcitem{web}{allow\_archive} item to the \rcsection{web} |
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922 section of your \hgrc. |
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923 |
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924 \subsection{Web configuration options} |
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925 |
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926 Mercurial's web interfaces (the \hgcmd{serve} command, and the |
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927 \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} and \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} scripts) have a |
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928 number of configuration options that you can set. These belong in a |
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929 section named \rcsection{web}. |
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930 \begin{itemize} |
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931 \item[\rcitem{web}{allow\_archive}] Determines which (if any) archive |
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932 download mechanisms Mercurial supports. If you enable this |
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933 feature, users of the web interface will be able to download an |
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934 archive of whatever revision of a repository they are viewing. |
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935 To enable the archive feature, this item must take the form of a |
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936 sequence of words drawn from the list below. |
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937 \begin{itemize} |
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938 \item[\texttt{bz2}] A \command{tar} archive, compressed using |
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939 \texttt{bzip2} compression. This has the best compression ratio, |
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940 but uses the most CPU time on the server. |
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941 \item[\texttt{gz}] A \command{tar} archive, compressed using |
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942 \texttt{gzip} compression. |
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943 \item[\texttt{zip}] A \command{zip} archive, compressed using LZW |
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944 compression. This format has the worst compression ratio, but is |
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945 widely used in the Windows world. |
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946 \end{itemize} |
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947 If you provide an empty list, or don't have an |
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948 \rcitem{web}{allow\_archive} entry at all, this feature will be |
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949 disabled. Here is an example of how to enable all three supported |
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950 formats. |
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951 \begin{codesample4} |
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952 [web] |
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953 allow_archive = bz2 gz zip |
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954 \end{codesample4} |
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955 \item[\rcitem{web}{allowpull}] Boolean. Determines whether the web |
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956 interface allows remote users to \hgcmd{pull} and \hgcmd{clone} this |
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957 repository over~HTTP. If set to \texttt{no} or \texttt{false}, only |
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958 the ``human-oriented'' portion of the web interface is available. |
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959 \item[\rcitem{web}{contact}] String. A free-form (but preferably |
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960 brief) string identifying the person or group in charge of the |
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961 repository. This often contains the name and email address of a |
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962 person or mailing list. It often makes sense to place this entry in |
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963 a repository's own \sfilename{.hg/hgrc} file, but it can make sense |
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964 to use in a global \hgrc\ if every repository has a single |
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965 maintainer. |
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966 \item[\rcitem{web}{maxchanges}] Integer. The default maximum number |
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967 of changesets to display in a single page of output. |
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968 \item[\rcitem{web}{maxfiles}] Integer. The default maximum number |
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969 of modified files to display in a single page of output. |
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970 \item[\rcitem{web}{stripes}] Integer. If the web interface displays |
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971 alternating ``stripes'' to make it easier to visually align rows |
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972 when you are looking at a table, this number controls the number of |
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973 rows in each stripe. |
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974 \item[\rcitem{web}{style}] Controls the template Mercurial uses to |
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975 display the web interface. Mercurial ships with two web templates, |
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976 named \texttt{default} and \texttt{gitweb} (the latter is much more |
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977 visually attractive). You can also specify a custom template of |
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978 your own; see chapter~\ref{chap:template} for details. Here, you |
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979 can see how to enable the \texttt{gitweb} style. |
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980 \begin{codesample4} |
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981 [web] |
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982 style = gitweb |
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983 \end{codesample4} |
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984 \item[\rcitem{web}{templates}] Path. The directory in which to search |
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985 for template files. By default, Mercurial searches in the directory |
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986 in which it was installed. |
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987 \end{itemize} |
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988 If you are using \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}, you can place a few |
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989 configuration items in a \rcsection{web} section of the |
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990 \sfilename{hgweb.config} file instead of a \hgrc\ file, for |
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991 convenience. These items are \rcitem{web}{motd} and |
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992 \rcitem{web}{style}. |
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993 |
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994 \subsubsection{Options specific to an individual repository} |
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995 |
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996 A few \rcsection{web} configuration items ought to be placed in a |
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997 repository's local \sfilename{.hg/hgrc}, rather than a user's or |
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998 global \hgrc. |
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999 \begin{itemize} |
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1000 \item[\rcitem{web}{description}] String. A free-form (but preferably |
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1001 brief) string that describes the contents or purpose of the |
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1002 repository. |
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1003 \item[\rcitem{web}{name}] String. The name to use for the repository |
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1004 in the web interface. This overrides the default name, which is the |
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1005 last component of the repository's path. |
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1006 \end{itemize} |
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1007 |
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1008 \subsubsection{Options specific to the \hgcmd{serve} command} |
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1009 |
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1010 Some of the items in the \rcsection{web} section of a \hgrc\ file are |
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1011 only for use with the \hgcmd{serve} command. |
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1012 \begin{itemize} |
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1013 \item[\rcitem{web}{accesslog}] Path. The name of a file into which to |
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1014 write an access log. By default, the \hgcmd{serve} command writes |
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1015 this information to standard output, not to a file. Log entries are |
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1016 written in the standard ``combined'' file format used by almost all |
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1017 web servers. |
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1018 \item[\rcitem{web}{address}] String. The local address on which the |
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1019 server should listen for incoming connections. By default, the |
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1020 server listens on all addresses. |
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1021 \item[\rcitem{web}{errorlog}] Path. The name of a file into which to |
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1022 write an error log. By default, the \hgcmd{serve} command writes this |
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1023 information to standard error, not to a file. |
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1024 \item[\rcitem{web}{ipv6}] Boolean. Whether to use the IPv6 protocol. |
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1025 By default, IPv6 is not used. |
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1026 \item[\rcitem{web}{port}] Integer. The TCP~port number on which the |
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1027 server should listen. The default port number used is~8000. |
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1028 \end{itemize} |
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1029 |
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1030 \subsubsection{Choosing the right \hgrc\ file to add \rcsection{web} |
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1031 items to} |
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1032 |
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1033 It is important to remember that a web server like Apache or |
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1034 \texttt{lighttpd} will run under a user~ID that is different to yours. |
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1035 CGI scripts run by your server, such as \sfilename{hgweb.cgi}, will |
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1036 usually also run under that user~ID. |
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1037 |
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1038 If you add \rcsection{web} items to your own personal \hgrc\ file, CGI |
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1039 scripts won't read that \hgrc\ file. Those settings will thus only |
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1040 affect the behaviour of the \hgcmd{serve} command when you run it. To |
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1041 cause CGI scripts to see your settings, either create a \hgrc\ file in |
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1042 the home directory of the user ID that runs your web server, or add |
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1043 those settings to a system-wide \hgrc\ file. |
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1044 |
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1045 |
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1046 %%% Local Variables: |
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1047 %%% mode: latex |
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1048 %%% TeX-master: "00book" |
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1049 %%% End: |