annotate es/collab.tex @ 526:4a1dc5e8e2ff

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author Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
date Sun, 23 Nov 2008 23:15:17 -0500
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1 \chapter{Colaborar con otros}
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2 \label{cha:collab}
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3
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4 Debido a su naturaleza descentralizada, Mercurial no impone política
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5 alguna de cómo deben trabajar los grupos de personas. Sin embargo, si
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6 usted es nuevo al control distribuido de versiones, es bueno tener
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7 herramientas y ejemplos a la mano al pensar en posibles modelos de
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8 flujo de trabajo.
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9
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10 \section{La interfaz web de Mercurial}
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11
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12 Mercurial tiene una poderosa interfaz web que provee bastantes
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13 capacidades útiles.
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14
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15 Para uso interactivo, la interfaz le permite visualizar uno o varios
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16 repositorios. Puede ver la historia de un repositorio, examinar cada
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17 cambio(comentarios y diferencias), y ver los contenidos de cada
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18 directorio y fichero.
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19
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20 Adicionalmente la interfaz provee feeds de RSS de los cambios de los
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21 repositorios. Que le permite ``subscribirse''a un repositorio usando
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22 su herramienta de lectura de feeds favorita, y ser notificado
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23 automáticamente de la actividad en el repositorio tan pronto como
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24 sucede. Me gusta mucho más este modelo que el estar suscrito a una
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25 lista de correo a la cual se envían las notificaciones, dado que no
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26 requiere configuración adicional de parte de quien sea que está
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27 administrando el repositorio.
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28
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29 La interfaz web también permite clonar repositorios a los usuarios
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30 remotos, jalar cambios, y (cuando el servidor está configurado para
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31 permitirlo) publicar cambios en el mismo. El protocolo de tunneling
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32 de Mercurial comprime datos agresivamente, de forma que trabaja
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33 eficientemente incluso con conexiones de red con poco ancho de banda.
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34
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35 La forma más sencilla de iniciarse con la interfaz web es usar su
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36 navegador para visitar un repositorio existente, como por ejemplo el
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37 repositorio principal de Mercurial \url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg?style=gitweb}.
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38
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39 Si está interesado en proveer una interfaz web a sus propios
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40 repositorios, Mercurial provee dos formas de hacerlo. La primera es
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41 usando la orden \hgcmd{serve}, que está enfocada a servir ``de forma
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42 liviana'' y por intervalos cortos. Para más detalles de cómo usar
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43 esta orden vea la sección~\ref{sec:collab:serve} más adelante. Si
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44 tiene un repositorio que desea hacer permanente, Mercurial tiene
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45 soporte embebido del \command{ssh} para publicar cambios con seguridad
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46 al repositorio central, como se documenta en la
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47 sección~\ref{sec:collab:ssh}. Es muy usual que se publique una copia
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48 de sólo lectura en el repositorio que está corriendo sobre HTTP usando
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49 CGI, como en la sección~\ref{sec:collab:cgi}. Publicar sobre HTTP
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50 satisface las necesidades de la gente que no tiene permisos de
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51 publicación y de aquellos que quieren usar navegadores web para
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52 visualizar la historia del repositorio.
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53
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54 \subsection{Trabajo con muchas ramas}
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55
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56 Los proyectos de cierta talla tienden naturlamente a progresar de
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57 forma simultánea en varios frentes. En el caso del software, es común
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58 que un proyecto tenga versiones periódicas oficiales. Una versión
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59 puede entrar a ``modo mantenimiento'' por un tiempo después de su
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60 primera publicación; las versiones de mantenimiento tienden a contener
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61 solamente arreglos de fallos, pero no nuevas características. En
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62 paralelo con las versiones de mantenimiento puede haber una o muchas
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63 versiones futuras pueden estar en desarrollo. La gente usa normalmente
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64 la palabra ``rama'' para referirse a una de las direcciones
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65 ligeramente distintas en las cuales procede el desarrollo.
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66
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67 Mercurial está especialmente preparado para administrar un buen número
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68 de ramas simultáneas pero no idénticas. Cada ``dirección de
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69 desarrollo'' puede vivir en su propio repositorio central, y puede
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70 mezclar los cambios de una a otra de acuerdo con las necesidades. Dado
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71 que los repositorios son independientes, uno del otro, los cambios
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72 inestables de una rama de desarrollo nunca afectarán una rama estable
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73 a menos que alguien explícitamente mezcle los cambios.
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74
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75 A continuación un ejemplo de cómo podría hacerse esto en la
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76 práctica. Digamos que tiene una ``rama principal'' en un servidor
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77 central.
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78 \interaction{branching.init}
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79 Alguien lo clona, hace cambios locales, los prueba, y los publica allí
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80 mismo.
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81
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82 Una vez que la rama principal alcanza una estado de versión se puede
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83 usar la orden \hgcmd{tag} para dar un nombre permanente a la revisión.
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84 \interaction{branching.tag}
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85 Digamos que en la rama principal ocurre más desarrollo.
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86 \interaction{branching.main}
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87 Cuando se usa la etiqueta con que se identificó la versión, la gente
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88 puede clonar el repositorio en cualquier momento en el futuro
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89 empleando \hgcmd{update} para obtener una copia del directorio de
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90 trabajo exacta como cuando se creó la etiqueta de la revisión que se
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91 consignó.
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92 \interaction{branching.update}
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93
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94 Adicionalmente, justo después de que la rama principal se etiquete,
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95 alguien puede clonarla en el servidor a una nueva rama ``estable'',
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96 también en el servidor.
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97 \interaction{branching.clone}
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98
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99 Alguien que requiera hacer un cambio en la rama estable puede clonar
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100 \emph{ese} repositorio, hacer sus cambios, consignar y publicarlos
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101 posteriormente al inicial.
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102 \interaction{branching.stable}
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103 Puesto que los repositorios de Mercurial son independientes, y que
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104 Mercurial no mueve los cambios de un lado a otro automáticamente, las
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105 ramas estable y principal están \emph{aisladas} la una de la otra.
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106 Los cambios que haga en la rama principal no ``se filtran'' a la rama
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107 estable o vice versa.
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108
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109 Es usual que los arreglos de fallos de la rama estable deban hacerse
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110 aparecer en la rama principal también. En lugar de reescribir el
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111 arreglo del fallo en la rama principal, puede jalar y mezclar los
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112 cambios de la rama estable a la principal, Mercurial traerá tales
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113 arreglos por usted.
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114 \interaction{branching.merge}
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115 La rama principal contendtrá aún los cambios que no están en la
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116 estable y contendrá además todos los arreglos de fallos de la rama
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117 estable. La rama estable permanece incólume a tales cambios.
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118
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119 \subsection{Ramas de Características}
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120
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121 En proyectos grandes, una forma efectiva de administrar los cambios es
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122 dividir el equipo en grupos más pequeños. Cada grupo tiene una rama
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123 compartida, clonada de una rama ``principal'' que conforma el proyecto
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124 completo. Aquellos que trabajan en ramas individuales típicamente
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125 están aislados de los desarrollos de otras ramas.
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126
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127 \begin{figure}[ht]
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128 \centering
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129 \grafix{feature-branches}
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130 \caption{Ramas de Características}
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131 \label{fig:collab:feature-branches}
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132 \end{figure}
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133
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134 Cuando una rama particular alcanza un estado deseado, alguien del
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135 equipo de características jala y fusiona de la rama principal hacia
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136 la rama de características y publica posteriormente a la rama principal.
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137
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138 \subsection{El tren de publicación}
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139
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140 Algunos proyectos se organizan al estilo``tren'': Una versión se
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141 planifica para ser liberada cada cierto tiempo, y las características
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142 que estén listas cuando ha llegado el momento ``tren'', se incorporan.
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143
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144 Este modelo tiene cierta similitud a las ramas de características. La
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145 diferencia es que cuando una característica pierde el tren, alguien en
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146 el equipo de características jala y fusiona los cambios que se fueron
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147 en la versión liberada hacia la rama de característica, y el trabajo
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148 continúa sobre lo fusionado para que la característica logre estar en
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149 la próxima versión.
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150
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151 \subsection{El modelo del kernel linux}
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152
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153 El desarrollo del Kernel Linux tiene una estructura jerárquica
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154 bastante horizontal, rodeada de una nube de caos aparente. Dado que la
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155 mayoría de desarrolladores usan \command{git}, una herramienta distribuida
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156 de control de versiones con capacidades similares a Mercurial, resulta
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157 de utilidad describir la forma en que el trabajo fluye en tal
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158 ambiente; si le gustan las ideas, la aproximación se traduce bien
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159 entre Git y Mercurial.
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160
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161 En el centro de la comunidad está Linus Torvalds, el creador de Linux.
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162 Él publica un único repositorio que es considerado el árbol
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163 ``oficial'' actual por la comunidad completa de
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164 desarrolladores. Cualquiera puede clonar el árbol de Linus, pero él es
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165 muy selectivo acerca de los árboles de los cuales jala.
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166
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167 Linus tiene varios ``lugartenientes confiables''. Como regla, él jala
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168 todos los cambios que ellos publican, en la mayoría de los casos sin
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169 siquiera revisarlos. Algunos de sus lugartenientes generalmente
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170 aceptan ser los ``mantenedores'', responsables de subsistemas
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171 específicos dentro del kernel. Si un hacker cualquiera desea hacer un
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172 cambio a un subsistema y busca que termine en el árbol de Linus, debe
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173 encontrar quién es el mantenedor del subsistema y solicitarle que
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174 tenga en cuenta su cambio. Si el mantenedor revisa los cambios y está
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175 de acuerdo en tomarlos, estos pasarán al árbol de Linus de acuerdo a
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176 lo expuesto.
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177
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178 Cada lugarteniente tiene su forma particular de revisar, aceptar y
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179 publicar los cambios; y para decidir cuando hacerlos presentes a
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180 Linus. Adicionalmente existen varias ramas conocidas que mucha gente
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181 usa para propósitos distintos. Por ejemplo, pocas personas mantienen
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182 repositorios ``estables'' de versiones anteriores del kernel, a los
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183 cuales aplican arreglos de fallos críticos necesarios. Algunos
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184 mantenedores publican varios árboles: uno para cambios
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185 experimentales; uno para cambios que van a ofrecer al mantenedor
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186 principal; y así sucesivamente. Otros publican un solo árbol.
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187
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188 Este modelo tiene dos características notables. La primera es que son
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189 de ``jalar exclusivamente''. Usted debe solicitar, convencer o
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190 incluso rogar a otro desarrollador para que tome sus cabmios, porque
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191 casi no hay árboles en los cuales más de una persona pueda publicar, y
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192 no hay forma de publicar cambios en un árbol que otra persona controla.
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193
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194 El segundo está basado en reputación y meritocracia. Si usted es un
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195 desconocido, Linus probablemente ignorará sus cambios, sin siquiera
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196 responderle. Pero un mantenedor de un subsistema probablemente los
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197 revisara, y los acogerá en caso de que aprueben su criterio de
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198 aplicabilidad. A medida que usted ofrezca ``mejores'' cambios a un
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199 mantenedor, habrá más posibilidad de que se confíe en su juicio y se
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200 acepten los cambios. Si usted es reconocido y matiene una rama
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201 durante bastante tiempo para algo que Linus no ha aceptado, personas
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202 con intereses similares pueden jalar sus cambios regularmente para
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203 estar al día con su trabajo.
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204
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205 La reputación y meritocracia no necesariamente es transversal entre
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206 ``personas'' de diferentes subsistemas. Si usted es respetado pero es
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207 un hacker en almacenamiento y trata de arreglar un fallo de redes,
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208 tal cambio puede recibir un nivel de escrutinio de un mantenedor de
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209 redes comparable con el que se le haría a un completo extraño.
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210
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211 Personas que vienen de proyectos con un ordenamiento distinto, sienten
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212 que el proceso comparativamente caótico del Kernel Linux es
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213 completamente lunático. Es objeto de los caprichos individuales; la
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214 gente desecha cambios cuando lo desean; y la fase de desarrollo es
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215 alucinante. A pesar de eso Linux es una pieza de software exitosa y
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216 bien reconocida.
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217
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218 \subsection{Solamente jalar frente a colaboración pública}
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219
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220 Una fuente perpetua de discusiones en la comunidad de código abierto
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221 yace en el modelo de desarrollo en el cual la gente solamente jala
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222 cambios de otros ``es mejor que'' uno en el cual muchas personas
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223 pueden publicar cambios a un repositorio compartido.
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224
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225 Tícamente los partidarios del modelo de publicar usan las herramientas
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226 que se apegan a este modelo. Si usted usa una herramienta
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227 centralizada de control de versiones como Subversion, no hay forma de
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228 elegir qué modelo va a usar: La herramienta le ofrece publicación
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229 compartida, y si desea hacer cualquier otra cosa, va a tener que
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230 aplicar una aproximación artificial (tal como aplicar parches a mano).
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231
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232 Una buena herramienta distribuida de control de versiones, tal como
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233 Mercurial soportará los dos modelos. Usted y sus colaboradores
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234 pueden estructurar cómo trabajarán juntos basados en sus propias
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235 necesidades y preferencias, sin depender de las peripecias que la
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236 herramienta les obligue a hacer.
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237
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238 \subsection{Cuando la colaboración encuentra la administración ramificada}
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239
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240 Una vez que usted y su equipo configurar algunos repositorios
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241 compartidos y comienzan a propagar cambios entre sus repositorios
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242 locales y compartidos, comenzará a encarar un reto relacionado, pero
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243 un poco distinto: Administrar las direcciones en las cuales su equipo
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244 puede moverse. A pesar de que está intimamente ligado acerca de cómo
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245 interactúa su equipo, es lo suficientemente denso para ameritar un
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246 tratamiento en el capítulo~\ref{chap:branch}.
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247
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248 \section{Aspectos técnicos de la colaboración}
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249
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250 Lo que resta del capítulo lo dedicamos a las cuestiones de servir
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251 datos a sus colaboradores.
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252
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253 \section{Compartir informalmente con \hgcmd{serve}}
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254 \label{sec:collab:serve}
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255
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256 La orden \hgcmd{serve} de Mercurial satisface de forma espectacular
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257 las necesidades de un grupo pequeño, acoplado y de corto
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258 tiempo. Se constituye en una demostración de cómo se siente usar los
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259 comandos usando la red.
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260
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261 Ejecute \hgcmd{serve} dentro de un repositorio, y en pocos segundos
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262 iniciará un servidor HTTP especializado; aceptará conexiones desde
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263 cualquier cliente y servirá datos de este repositorio mientrs lo
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264 mantenga funcionando. Todo el que sepa el URL del servidor que ha
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265 iniciado, y que puede comunicarse con su computador por la red, puede
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266 usar un navegador web o Mercurial para leer datos del repositorio. Un
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267 URL para una instancia de \hgcmd{serve} ejecutándose en un portátil
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268 debería lucir algo \Verb|http://my-laptop.local:8000/|.
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269
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270 La orden \hgcmd{serve} \emph{no} es un servidor web de propósito
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271 general. Solamente puede hacer dos cosas:
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272 \begin{itemize}
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273 \item Permitir que se pueda visualizar la historia del repositorio que
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274 está sirviendo desde navegadores web.
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275 \item Hablar el protocolo de conexión de Mercurial para que puedan hacer
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276 \hgcmd{clone} o \hgcmd{pull} (jalar) cambios de tal repositorio.
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277 \end{itemize}
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278 En particular, \hgcmd{serve} no permitirá que los usuarios remotos
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279 puedan \emph{modificar} su repositorio. Es de tipo solo lectura.
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280
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281 Si está comenzando con Mercurial, no hay nada que le impida usar
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282 \hgcmd{serve} para servir un repositorio en su propio computador, y
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283 usar posteriormente órdenes como \hgcmd{clone}, \hgcmd{incoming}, para
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284 comunicarse con el servidor como si el repositorio estuviera alojado
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285 remotamente. Lo que además puede ayudarle a adecuarse rápidamente para
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286 usar comandos en repositorios alojados en la red.
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287
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288 \subsection{Cuestiones adicionales para tener en cuenta}
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289
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290 Dado que permite lectura sin autenticación a todos sus clientes,
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291 debería usar \hgcmd{serve} exclusivamente en ambientes en los cuáles
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292 no tenga problema en que otros vean, o en los cuales tenga control
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293 completo acerca de quien puede acceder a su red y jalar cambios de su
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294 repositorio.
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295
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296 La orden \hgcmd{serve} no tiene conocimiento acerca de programas
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297 cortafuegos que puedan estar instalados en su sistema o en su red. No
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298 puede detectar o controlar sus cortafuegos. Si otras personas no
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299 pueden acceder a su instancia \hgcmd{serve}, lo siguiente que debería hacer
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300 (\emph{después} de asegurarse que tienen el URL correcto) es verificar
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301 su configuración de cortafuegos.
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302
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303 De forma predeterminada, \hgcmd{serve} escucha conexiones entrantes en
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304 el puerto~8000. Si otro proceso está escuchando en tal puerto, usted
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305 podrá especificar un puerto distinto para escuchar con la opción
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306 \hgopt{serve}{-p} .
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307
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308 Normalmente, cuando se inicia \hgcmd{serve}, no imprime nada, lo cual
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309 puede ser desconcertante. Si desea confirmar que en efecto está
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310 ejecutándose correctamente, y darse cuenta qué URL debería enviar a
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311 sus colaboradores, inícielo con la opción \hggopt{-v}.
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312
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313 \section{Uso del protocolo Secure Shell (ssh)}
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314 \label{sec:collab:ssh}
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315
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316 Usted puede publicar y jalar cambios en la red de forma segura usando
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317 el protocolo Secure Shell (\texttt{ssh}). Para usarlo satisfactoriamente,
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318 tendrá que hacer algo de configuración a nivel de cliente o el
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319 servidor.
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320
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321 Si no está familizarizado con ssh, es un protocolo de red que le permite
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322 comunicarse con seguridad con otro computador. Para usarlo con
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323 Mercurial, estará estableciendo una o más cuentas de usuario en un
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324 servidor de forma tal que los usuarios remotos puedan entrar y
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325 ejecutar órdenes.
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326
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327 (Si ssh le \emph{es} familiar, encontrará probablemente elemental una
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328 porción del material a continuación.)
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329
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330 \subsection{Cómo leer y escribir URLs de ssh}
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331
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332 Los URLs de ssh tienden a lucir de la siguiente forma:
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333 \begin{codesample2}
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334 ssh://bos@hg.serpentine.com:22/hg/hgbook
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335 \end{codesample2}
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336 \begin{enumerate}
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337 \item La parte ``\texttt{ssh://}'' indica a Mercurial que use el
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338 protocolo ssh.
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339 \item El componente ``\texttt{bos@}'' indica el nombre del usuario que
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340 está entrando al servidor. Puede omitirl si el usuario remoto
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341 coincide con el usuario local.
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342 \item ``\texttt{hg.serpentine.com}'' es el nombre del servidor al cual
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343 se desea entrar.
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344 \item El ``:22'' identifica el número del puerto en el servidor al cual
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345 se conectará. El predeterminado es el~22, así que solamente
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346 necesitará especificar esa porción si \emph{no} está usando el
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347 puerto~22.
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348 \item La última porción del URL es la ruta local al repositorio en el
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349 servidor.
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350 \end{enumerate}
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351
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352 El componente de la ruta del URL para ssh es una fuente de confusión,
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353 puesto que no hay una forma estándar para que las herramientas puedan
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354 interpretarlo. Algunos programas se comportan de manera distinta a
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355 otros cuando manipulan estas rutas. No es la situación ideal, pero
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356 es muy poco probable que vaya a cambiar. Por favor lea los párrafos
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357 siguientes cuidadosamente.
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358
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359 Mercurial trata la ruta al repositorio en el servidor como relativo al
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360 directorio chasa del usuario remoto. Por ejemplo, si el usuario
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361 \texttt{foo} en el servidor tiene el directorio casa
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362 \dirname{/home/foo},
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363 entonces un URL ssh que contenga en su ruta a \dirname{bar}
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364 \emph{realmente} se refiere al directorio \dirname{/home/foo/bar}.
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365
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366 Si desea especificar una ruta relativa a otro directorio de usuario,
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367 puede usar una ruta que comience con un caracter tildado, seguido del
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368 nombre del usuario(llamémosle \texttt{otrousuario}, así
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369 \begin{codesample2}
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370 ssh://server/~otrousuario/hg/repo
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371 \end{codesample2}
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372
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373 Y si realmente desea especifica una ruta \emph{absoluta} en el
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374 servidor, comience con el componente de la ruta con dos barras como
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375 en el siguiente ejemplo:
501
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376 \begin{codesample2}
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377 ssh://server//absolute/path
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378 \end{codesample2}
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379
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380 \subsection{Encontrar un cliente ssh para su sistema}
501
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381
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382 Casi todos los sistemas tipo Unix vienen con OpenSSH preinstalado. Si
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383 usted está usando un sistema de estos, ejecute \Verb|which ssh| para
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384 identificar dónde está instalada la orden \command{ssh} (usualmente
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385 estará en \dirname{/usr/bin}). Si por casualidad no está presente,
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386 vea la documentación de sus sistema para lograr instalarlo.
501
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387
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388 En Windows, tendrá que escoger primero un cliente adecuado para
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389 descargarlo. Hay dos alternativas:
501
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390 \begin{itemize}
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391 \item El excelente paquete PuTTY~\cite{web:putty} de Simon Tatham, que
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392 ofrece un suite completo de órdenes de cliente ssh.
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393 \item Si tiene alta tolerancia al dolor, puede usar el porte de Cygwin
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394 para OpenSSH.
501
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395 \end{itemize}
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396 En cualquier caso, tendrá que editar su fichero \hgini\ para indicarle
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397 a Mercurial dónde encontrar la orden real del cliente. Por ejemplo, si
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398 está usando PuTTY, tendrá que usar la orden \command{plink} como un
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399 cliente de línea de órdenes.
501
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400 \begin{codesample2}
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401 [ui]
526
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402 ssh = C:/ruta/a/plink.exe -ssh -i "C:/ruta/a/mi/llave/privada"
501
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403 \end{codesample2}
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404
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405 \begin{note}
526
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406 La ruta a \command{plink} no debería contener espacios o caracteres
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407 en blanco, o Mercurial no podrá encontrarlo correctamente (por lo
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408 tanto, probablemente no sería buena idea colocarlo en
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409 \dirname{C:\\Program Files}
501
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410 \end{note}
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411
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412 \subsection{Generar un par de llaves}
501
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413
526
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414 Para evitar la necesidad de teclera una clave de forma repetitiva cada
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415 vez que necesita usar el cliente, recomiendo generar un par de llaves.
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416 En un sistema tipo Unix, la orden \command{ssh-keygen} también se
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417 comportará bien. En Windows, si está usando PuTTY, la orden
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418 \command{puttygen} es la que necesitará.
501
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419
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420 Cuando genera un par de llaves, se aconseja \emph{comedidamente}
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421 protegerlas con una frase de clave. (La única oportunidad en la cual
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422 usted querría identificarse una única vez, es cuando está usando
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423 el protocolo ssh para tareas automatizadas en una red segura.)
501
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424
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425 No basta con generar un par de llaves. Se requiere adicionar una llave
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426 pública al conjunto de llaves autorizadas para todos los usuarios
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427 remotos que se vayan a autenticar. Para aquellos servidores que usen
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428 OpenSSH(la gran mayoría), significará añadir la llave pública a la
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429 lista en el fichero llamado \sfilename{authorized\_keys} en su
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430 directorio \sdirname{.ssh}.
501
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431
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432 En sistemas tipo Unix, su llave pública tendrá la extensión
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433 \filename{.pub}. Si usa \command{puttygen} en Windows, puede
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434 guardar la llave pública en un fichero de su elección, o pegarla desde
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435 la ventana en la cual se despliega directamente en el fichero
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436 \sfilename{authorized\_keys}.
501
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437
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438 \subsection{Using an authentication agent}
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439
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440 An authentication agent is a daemon that stores passphrases in memory
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441 (so it will forget passphrases if you log out and log back in again).
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442 An ssh client will notice if it's running, and query it for a
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443 passphrase. If there's no authentication agent running, or the agent
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444 doesn't store the necessary passphrase, you'll have to type your
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445 passphrase every time Mercurial tries to communicate with a server on
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446 your behalf (e.g.~whenever you pull or push changes).
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447
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448 The downside of storing passphrases in an agent is that it's possible
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449 for a well-prepared attacker to recover the plain text of your
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450 passphrases, in some cases even if your system has been power-cycled.
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451 You should make your own judgment as to whether this is an acceptable
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452 risk. It certainly saves a lot of repeated typing.
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453
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454 On Unix-like systems, the agent is called \command{ssh-agent}, and
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455 it's often run automatically for you when you log in. You'll need to
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456 use the \command{ssh-add} command to add passphrases to the agent's
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457 store. On Windows, if you're using PuTTY, the \command{pageant}
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458 command acts as the agent. It adds an icon to your system tray that
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459 will let you manage stored passphrases.
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460
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461 \subsection{Configuring the server side properly}
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462
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463 Because ssh can be fiddly to set up if you're new to it, there's a
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464 variety of things that can go wrong. Add Mercurial on top, and
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465 there's plenty more scope for head-scratching. Most of these
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466 potential problems occur on the server side, not the client side. The
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467 good news is that once you've gotten a configuration working, it will
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468 usually continue to work indefinitely.
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469
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470 Before you try using Mercurial to talk to an ssh server, it's best to
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471 make sure that you can use the normal \command{ssh} or \command{putty}
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472 command to talk to the server first. If you run into problems with
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473 using these commands directly, Mercurial surely won't work. Worse, it
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474 will obscure the underlying problem. Any time you want to debug
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parents: 432
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475 ssh-related Mercurial problems, you should drop back to making sure
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476 that plain ssh client commands work first, \emph{before} you worry
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477 about whether there's a problem with Mercurial.
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diff changeset
478
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479 The first thing to be sure of on the server side is that you can
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480 actually log in from another machine at all. If you can't use
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481 \command{ssh} or \command{putty} to log in, the error message you get
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parents: 432
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482 may give you a few hints as to what's wrong. The most common problems
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parents: 432
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483 are as follows.
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484 \begin{itemize}
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485 \item If you get a ``connection refused'' error, either there isn't an
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486 SSH daemon running on the server at all, or it's inaccessible due to
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487 firewall configuration.
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488 \item If you get a ``no route to host'' error, you either have an
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diff changeset
489 incorrect address for the server or a seriously locked down firewall
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490 that won't admit its existence at all.
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491 \item If you get a ``permission denied'' error, you may have mistyped
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parents: 432
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492 the username on the server, or you could have mistyped your key's
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diff changeset
493 passphrase or the remote user's password.
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494 \end{itemize}
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495 In summary, if you're having trouble talking to the server's ssh
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parents: 432
diff changeset
496 daemon, first make sure that one is running at all. On many systems
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parents: 432
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497 it will be installed, but disabled, by default. Once you're done with
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498 this step, you should then check that the server's firewall is
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parents: 432
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499 configured to allow incoming connections on the port the ssh daemon is
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500 listening on (usually~22). Don't worry about more exotic
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diff changeset
501 possibilities for misconfiguration until you've checked these two
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502 first.
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503
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504 If you're using an authentication agent on the client side to store
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505 passphrases for your keys, you ought to be able to log into the server
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506 without being prompted for a passphrase or a password. If you're
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507 prompted for a passphrase, there are a few possible culprits.
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508 \begin{itemize}
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509 \item You might have forgotten to use \command{ssh-add} or
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510 \command{pageant} to store the passphrase.
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511 \item You might have stored the passphrase for the wrong key.
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512 \end{itemize}
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513 If you're being prompted for the remote user's password, there are
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514 another few possible problems to check.
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515 \begin{itemize}
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516 \item Either the user's home directory or their \sdirname{.ssh}
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517 directory might have excessively liberal permissions. As a result,
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518 the ssh daemon will not trust or read their
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519 \sfilename{authorized\_keys} file. For example, a group-writable
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520 home or \sdirname{.ssh} directory will often cause this symptom.
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521 \item The user's \sfilename{authorized\_keys} file may have a problem.
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522 If anyone other than the user owns or can write to that file, the
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523 ssh daemon will not trust or read it.
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524 \end{itemize}
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525
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526 In the ideal world, you should be able to run the following command
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527 successfully, and it should print exactly one line of output, the
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528 current date and time.
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529 \begin{codesample2}
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530 ssh myserver date
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531 \end{codesample2}
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532
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533 If, on your server, you have login scripts that print banners or other
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534 junk even when running non-interactive commands like this, you should
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535 fix them before you continue, so that they only print output if
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536 they're run interactively. Otherwise these banners will at least
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537 clutter up Mercurial's output. Worse, they could potentially cause
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538 problems with running Mercurial commands remotely. Mercurial makes
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539 tries to detect and ignore banners in non-interactive \command{ssh}
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540 sessions, but it is not foolproof. (If you're editing your login
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541 scripts on your server, the usual way to see if a login script is
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542 running in an interactive shell is to check the return code from the
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543 command \Verb|tty -s|.)
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544
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545 Once you've verified that plain old ssh is working with your server,
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546 the next step is to ensure that Mercurial runs on the server. The
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547 following command should run successfully:
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548 \begin{codesample2}
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549 ssh myserver hg version
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550 \end{codesample2}
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551 If you see an error message instead of normal \hgcmd{version} output,
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552 this is usually because you haven't installed Mercurial to
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553 \dirname{/usr/bin}. Don't worry if this is the case; you don't need
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554 to do that. But you should check for a few possible problems.
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555 \begin{itemize}
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556 \item Is Mercurial really installed on the server at all? I know this
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557 sounds trivial, but it's worth checking!
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558 \item Maybe your shell's search path (usually set via the \envar{PATH}
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559 environment variable) is simply misconfigured.
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560 \item Perhaps your \envar{PATH} environment variable is only being set
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561 to point to the location of the \command{hg} executable if the login
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562 session is interactive. This can happen if you're setting the path
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563 in the wrong shell login script. See your shell's documentation for
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564 details.
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565 \item The \envar{PYTHONPATH} environment variable may need to contain
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566 the path to the Mercurial Python modules. It might not be set at
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567 all; it could be incorrect; or it may be set only if the login is
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568 interactive.
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569 \end{itemize}
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570
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571 If you can run \hgcmd{version} over an ssh connection, well done!
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572 You've got the server and client sorted out. You should now be able
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573 to use Mercurial to access repositories hosted by that username on
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574 that server. If you run into problems with Mercurial and ssh at this
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575 point, try using the \hggopt{--debug} option to get a clearer picture
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576 of what's going on.
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577
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578 \subsection{Using compression with ssh}
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579
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580 Mercurial does not compress data when it uses the ssh protocol,
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581 because the ssh protocol can transparently compress data. However,
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582 the default behaviour of ssh clients is \emph{not} to request
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583 compression.
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584
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585 Over any network other than a fast LAN (even a wireless network),
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586 using compression is likely to significantly speed up Mercurial's
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587 network operations. For example, over a WAN, someone measured
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588 compression as reducing the amount of time required to clone a
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589 particularly large repository from~51 minutes to~17 minutes.
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590
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591 Both \command{ssh} and \command{plink} accept a \cmdopt{ssh}{-C}
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592 option which turns on compression. You can easily edit your \hgrc\ to
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593 enable compression for all of Mercurial's uses of the ssh protocol.
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594 \begin{codesample2}
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595 [ui]
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596 ssh = ssh -C
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597 \end{codesample2}
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598
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599 If you use \command{ssh}, you can configure it to always use
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600 compression when talking to your server. To do this, edit your
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601 \sfilename{.ssh/config} file (which may not yet exist), as follows.
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602 \begin{codesample2}
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603 Host hg
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604 Compression yes
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605 HostName hg.example.com
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606 \end{codesample2}
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607 This defines an alias, \texttt{hg}. When you use it on the
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608 \command{ssh} command line or in a Mercurial \texttt{ssh}-protocol
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609 URL, it will cause \command{ssh} to connect to \texttt{hg.example.com}
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610 and use compression. This gives you both a shorter name to type and
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611 compression, each of which is a good thing in its own right.
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612
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613 \section{Serving over HTTP using CGI}
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614 \label{sec:collab:cgi}
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615
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616 Depending on how ambitious you are, configuring Mercurial's CGI
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617 interface can take anything from a few moments to several hours.
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618
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619 We'll begin with the simplest of examples, and work our way towards a
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620 more complex configuration. Even for the most basic case, you're
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621 almost certainly going to need to read and modify your web server's
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622 configuration.
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623
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624 \begin{note}
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625 Configuring a web server is a complex, fiddly, and highly
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626 system-dependent activity. I can't possibly give you instructions
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627 that will cover anything like all of the cases you will encounter.
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628 Please use your discretion and judgment in following the sections
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629 below. Be prepared to make plenty of mistakes, and to spend a lot
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630 of time reading your server's error logs.
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631 \end{note}
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632
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633 \subsection{Web server configuration checklist}
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634
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635 Before you continue, do take a few moments to check a few aspects of
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636 your system's setup.
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637
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638 \begin{enumerate}
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639 \item Do you have a web server installed at all? Mac OS X ships with
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640 Apache, but many other systems may not have a web server installed.
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641 \item If you have a web server installed, is it actually running? On
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642 most systems, even if one is present, it will be disabled by
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643 default.
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644 \item Is your server configured to allow you to run CGI programs in
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645 the directory where you plan to do so? Most servers default to
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646 explicitly disabling the ability to run CGI programs.
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647 \end{enumerate}
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648
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649 If you don't have a web server installed, and don't have substantial
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650 experience configuring Apache, you should consider using the
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651 \texttt{lighttpd} web server instead of Apache. Apache has a
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652 well-deserved reputation for baroque and confusing configuration.
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653 While \texttt{lighttpd} is less capable in some ways than Apache, most
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654 of these capabilities are not relevant to serving Mercurial
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655 repositories. And \texttt{lighttpd} is undeniably \emph{much} easier
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656 to get started with than Apache.
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657
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658 \subsection{Basic CGI configuration}
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659
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660 On Unix-like systems, it's common for users to have a subdirectory
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661 named something like \dirname{public\_html} in their home directory,
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662 from which they can serve up web pages. A file named \filename{foo}
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663 in this directory will be accessible at a URL of the form
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664 \texttt{http://www.example.com/\~username/foo}.
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665
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666 To get started, find the \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} script that should be
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667 present in your Mercurial installation. If you can't quickly find a
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668 local copy on your system, simply download one from the master
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669 Mercurial repository at
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670 \url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgweb.cgi}.
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671
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672 You'll need to copy this script into your \dirname{public\_html}
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673 directory, and ensure that it's executable.
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674 \begin{codesample2}
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675 cp .../hgweb.cgi ~/public_html
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676 chmod 755 ~/public_html/hgweb.cgi
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677 \end{codesample2}
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678 The \texttt{755} argument to \command{chmod} is a little more general
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679 than just making the script executable: it ensures that the script is
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680 executable by anyone, and that ``group'' and ``other'' write
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681 permissions are \emph{not} set. If you were to leave those write
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682 permissions enabled, Apache's \texttt{suexec} subsystem would likely
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683 refuse to execute the script. In fact, \texttt{suexec} also insists
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684 that the \emph{directory} in which the script resides must not be
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685 writable by others.
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686 \begin{codesample2}
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687 chmod 755 ~/public_html
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688 \end{codesample2}
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689
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690 \subsubsection{What could \emph{possibly} go wrong?}
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691 \label{sec:collab:wtf}
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692
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693 Once you've copied the CGI script into place, go into a web browser,
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694 and try to open the URL \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgweb.cgi},
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695 \emph{but} brace yourself for instant failure. There's a high
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696 probability that trying to visit this URL will fail, and there are
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697 many possible reasons for this. In fact, you're likely to stumble
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698 over almost every one of the possible errors below, so please read
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699 carefully. The following are all of the problems I ran into on a
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700 system running Fedora~7, with a fresh installation of Apache, and a
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701 user account that I created specially to perform this exercise.
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702
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703 Your web server may have per-user directories disabled. If you're
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704 using Apache, search your config file for a \texttt{UserDir}
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705 directive. If there's none present, per-user directories will be
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706 disabled. If one exists, but its value is \texttt{disabled}, then
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707 per-user directories will be disabled. Otherwise, the string after
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708 \texttt{UserDir} gives the name of the subdirectory that Apache will
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709 look in under your home directory, for example \dirname{public\_html}.
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710
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711 Your file access permissions may be too restrictive. The web server
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712 must be able to traverse your home directory and directories under
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713 your \dirname{public\_html} directory, and read files under the latter
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714 too. Here's a quick recipe to help you to make your permissions more
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715 appropriate.
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716 \begin{codesample2}
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717 chmod 755 ~
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718 find ~/public_html -type d -print0 | xargs -0r chmod 755
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719 find ~/public_html -type f -print0 | xargs -0r chmod 644
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720 \end{codesample2}
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721
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722 The other possibility with permissions is that you might get a
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723 completely empty window when you try to load the script. In this
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724 case, it's likely that your access permissions are \emph{too
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725 permissive}. Apache's \texttt{suexec} subsystem won't execute a
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726 script that's group-~or world-writable, for example.
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727
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728 Your web server may be configured to disallow execution of CGI
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729 programs in your per-user web directory. Here's Apache's
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730 default per-user configuration from my Fedora system.
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731 \begin{codesample2}
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732 <Directory /home/*/public_html>
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733 AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
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734 Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec
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735 <Limit GET POST OPTIONS>
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736 Order allow,deny
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737 Allow from all
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738 </Limit>
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739 <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS>
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740 Order deny,allow
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741 Deny from all
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742 </LimitExcept>
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743 </Directory>
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744 \end{codesample2}
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745 If you find a similar-looking \texttt{Directory} group in your Apache
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746 configuration, the directive to look at inside it is \texttt{Options}.
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747 Add \texttt{ExecCGI} to the end of this list if it's missing, and
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diff changeset
748 restart the web server.
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diff changeset
749
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750 If you find that Apache serves you the text of the CGI script instead
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parents: 432
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751 of executing it, you may need to either uncomment (if already present)
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752 or add a directive like this.
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753 \begin{codesample2}
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754 AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
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755 \end{codesample2}
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756
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757 The next possibility is that you might be served with a colourful
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758 Python backtrace claiming that it can't import a
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parents: 432
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759 \texttt{mercurial}-related module. This is actually progress! The
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diff changeset
760 server is now capable of executing your CGI script. This error is
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diff changeset
761 only likely to occur if you're running a private installation of
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diff changeset
762 Mercurial, instead of a system-wide version. Remember that the web
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parents: 432
diff changeset
763 server runs the CGI program without any of the environment variables
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parents: 432
diff changeset
764 that you take for granted in an interactive session. If this error
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diff changeset
765 happens to you, edit your copy of \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} and follow the
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parents: 432
diff changeset
766 directions inside it to correctly set your \envar{PYTHONPATH}
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diff changeset
767 environment variable.
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diff changeset
768
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diff changeset
769 Finally, you are \emph{certain} to by served with another colourful
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diff changeset
770 Python backtrace: this one will complain that it can't find
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parents: 432
diff changeset
771 \dirname{/path/to/repository}. Edit your \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} script
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parents: 432
diff changeset
772 and replace the \dirname{/path/to/repository} string with the complete
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diff changeset
773 path to the repository you want to serve up.
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diff changeset
774
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diff changeset
775 At this point, when you try to reload the page, you should be
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parents: 432
diff changeset
776 presented with a nice HTML view of your repository's history. Whew!
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parents: 432
diff changeset
777
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diff changeset
778 \subsubsection{Configuring lighttpd}
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diff changeset
779
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diff changeset
780 To be exhaustive in my experiments, I tried configuring the
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parents: 432
diff changeset
781 increasingly popular \texttt{lighttpd} web server to serve the same
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parents: 432
diff changeset
782 repository as I described with Apache above. I had already overcome
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parents: 432
diff changeset
783 all of the problems I outlined with Apache, many of which are not
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parents: 432
diff changeset
784 server-specific. As a result, I was fairly sure that my file and
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parents: 432
diff changeset
785 directory permissions were good, and that my \sfilename{hgweb.cgi}
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parents: 432
diff changeset
786 script was properly edited.
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parents: 432
diff changeset
787
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parents: 432
diff changeset
788 Once I had Apache running, getting \texttt{lighttpd} to serve the
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parents: 432
diff changeset
789 repository was a snap (in other words, even if you're trying to use
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parents: 432
diff changeset
790 \texttt{lighttpd}, you should read the Apache section). I first had
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parents: 432
diff changeset
791 to edit the \texttt{mod\_access} section of its config file to enable
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parents: 432
diff changeset
792 \texttt{mod\_cgi} and \texttt{mod\_userdir}, both of which were
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diff changeset
793 disabled by default on my system. I then added a few lines to the end
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parents: 432
diff changeset
794 of the config file, to configure these modules.
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diff changeset
795 \begin{codesample2}
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diff changeset
796 userdir.path = "public_html"
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diff changeset
797 cgi.assign = ( ".cgi" => "" )
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diff changeset
798 \end{codesample2}
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diff changeset
799 With this done, \texttt{lighttpd} ran immediately for me. If I had
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parents: 432
diff changeset
800 configured \texttt{lighttpd} before Apache, I'd almost certainly have
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parents: 432
diff changeset
801 run into many of the same system-level configuration problems as I did
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parents: 432
diff changeset
802 with Apache. However, I found \texttt{lighttpd} to be noticeably
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parents: 432
diff changeset
803 easier to configure than Apache, even though I've used Apache for over
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parents: 432
diff changeset
804 a decade, and this was my first exposure to \texttt{lighttpd}.
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parents: 432
diff changeset
805
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diff changeset
806 \subsection{Sharing multiple repositories with one CGI script}
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diff changeset
807
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parents: 432
diff changeset
808 The \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} script only lets you publish a single
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parents: 432
diff changeset
809 repository, which is an annoying restriction. If you want to publish
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parents: 432
diff changeset
810 more than one without wracking yourself with multiple copies of the
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parents: 432
diff changeset
811 same script, each with different names, a better choice is to use the
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parents: 432
diff changeset
812 \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script.
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parents: 432
diff changeset
813
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diff changeset
814 The procedure to configure \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} is only a little
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parents: 432
diff changeset
815 more involved than for \sfilename{hgweb.cgi}. First, you must obtain
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parents: 432
diff changeset
816 a copy of the script. If you don't have one handy, you can download a
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parents: 432
diff changeset
817 copy from the master Mercurial repository at
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parents: 432
diff changeset
818 \url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi}.
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diff changeset
819
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diff changeset
820 You'll need to copy this script into your \dirname{public\_html}
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parents: 432
diff changeset
821 directory, and ensure that it's executable.
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diff changeset
822 \begin{codesample2}
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diff changeset
823 cp .../hgwebdir.cgi ~/public_html
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diff changeset
824 chmod 755 ~/public_html ~/public_html/hgwebdir.cgi
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diff changeset
825 \end{codesample2}
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diff changeset
826 With basic configuration out of the way, try to visit
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parents: 432
diff changeset
827 \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi} in your browser. It
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parents: 432
diff changeset
828 should display an empty list of repositories. If you get a blank
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parents: 432
diff changeset
829 window or error message, try walking through the list of potential
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parents: 432
diff changeset
830 problems in section~\ref{sec:collab:wtf}.
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parents: 432
diff changeset
831
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parents: 432
diff changeset
832 The \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script relies on an external
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parents: 432
diff changeset
833 configuration file. By default, it searches for a file named
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diff changeset
834 \sfilename{hgweb.config} in the same directory as itself. You'll need
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parents: 432
diff changeset
835 to create this file, and make it world-readable. The format of the
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parents: 432
diff changeset
836 file is similar to a Windows ``ini'' file, as understood by Python's
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parents: 432
diff changeset
837 \texttt{ConfigParser}~\cite{web:configparser} module.
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parents: 432
diff changeset
838
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parents: 432
diff changeset
839 The easiest way to configure \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} is with a
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parents: 432
diff changeset
840 section named \texttt{collections}. This will automatically publish
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parents: 432
diff changeset
841 \emph{every} repository under the directories you name. The section
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diff changeset
842 should look like this:
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diff changeset
843 \begin{codesample2}
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diff changeset
844 [collections]
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diff changeset
845 /my/root = /my/root
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diff changeset
846 \end{codesample2}
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parents: 432
diff changeset
847 Mercurial interprets this by looking at the directory name on the
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parents: 432
diff changeset
848 \emph{right} hand side of the ``\texttt{=}'' sign; finding
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parents: 432
diff changeset
849 repositories in that directory hierarchy; and using the text on the
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parents: 432
diff changeset
850 \emph{left} to strip off matching text from the names it will actually
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parents: 432
diff changeset
851 list in the web interface. The remaining component of a path after
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diff changeset
852 this stripping has occurred is called a ``virtual path''.
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diff changeset
853
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parents: 432
diff changeset
854 Given the example above, if we have a repository whose local path is
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parents: 432
diff changeset
855 \dirname{/my/root/this/repo}, the CGI script will strip the leading
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parents: 432
diff changeset
856 \dirname{/my/root} from the name, and publish the repository with a
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parents: 432
diff changeset
857 virtual path of \dirname{this/repo}. If the base URL for our CGI
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parents: 432
diff changeset
858 script is \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi}, the complete
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parents: 432
diff changeset
859 URL for that repository will be
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
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parents: 432
diff changeset
860 \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo}.
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parents: 432
diff changeset
861
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parents: 432
diff changeset
862 If we replace \dirname{/my/root} on the left hand side of this example
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parents: 432
diff changeset
863 with \dirname{/my}, then \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} will only strip off
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parents: 432
diff changeset
864 \dirname{/my} from the repository name, and will give us a virtual
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parents: 432
diff changeset
865 path of \dirname{root/this/repo} instead of \dirname{this/repo}.
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parents: 432
diff changeset
866
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parents: 432
diff changeset
867 The \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script will recursively search each
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parents: 432
diff changeset
868 directory listed in the \texttt{collections} section of its
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parents: 432
diff changeset
869 configuration file, but it will \texttt{not} recurse into the
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parents: 432
diff changeset
870 repositories it finds.
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parents: 432
diff changeset
871
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
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parents: 432
diff changeset
872 The \texttt{collections} mechanism makes it easy to publish many
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parents: 432
diff changeset
873 repositories in a ``fire and forget'' manner. You only need to set up
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parents: 432
diff changeset
874 the CGI script and configuration file one time. Afterwards, you can
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parents: 432
diff changeset
875 publish or unpublish a repository at any time by simply moving it
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parents: 432
diff changeset
876 into, or out of, the directory hierarchy in which you've configured
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parents: 432
diff changeset
877 \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} to look.
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
878
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parents: 432
diff changeset
879 \subsubsection{Explicitly specifying which repositories to publish}
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parents: 432
diff changeset
880
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
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parents: 432
diff changeset
881 In addition to the \texttt{collections} mechanism, the
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parents: 432
diff changeset
882 \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script allows you to publish a specific list
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883 of repositories. To do so, create a \texttt{paths} section, with
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diff changeset
884 contents of the following form.
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diff changeset
885 \begin{codesample2}
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diff changeset
886 [paths]
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887 repo1 = /my/path/to/some/repo
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diff changeset
888 repo2 = /some/path/to/another
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diff changeset
889 \end{codesample2}
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diff changeset
890 In this case, the virtual path (the component that will appear in a
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891 URL) is on the left hand side of each definition, while the path to
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diff changeset
892 the repository is on the right. Notice that there does not need to be
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diff changeset
893 any relationship between the virtual path you choose and the location
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diff changeset
894 of a repository in your filesystem.
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diff changeset
895
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diff changeset
896 If you wish, you can use both the \texttt{collections} and
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diff changeset
897 \texttt{paths} mechanisms simultaneously in a single configuration
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diff changeset
898 file.
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diff changeset
899
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900 \begin{note}
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diff changeset
901 If multiple repositories have the same virtual path,
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diff changeset
902 \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} will not report an error. Instead, it will
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diff changeset
903 behave unpredictably.
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diff changeset
904 \end{note}
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diff changeset
905
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906 \subsection{Downloading source archives}
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diff changeset
907
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908 Mercurial's web interface lets users download an archive of any
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diff changeset
909 revision. This archive will contain a snapshot of the working
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diff changeset
910 directory as of that revision, but it will not contain a copy of the
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diff changeset
911 repository data.
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diff changeset
912
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913 By default, this feature is not enabled. To enable it, you'll need to
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914 add an \rcitem{web}{allow\_archive} item to the \rcsection{web}
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diff changeset
915 section of your \hgrc.
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diff changeset
916
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917 \subsection{Web configuration options}
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diff changeset
918
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919 Mercurial's web interfaces (the \hgcmd{serve} command, and the
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diff changeset
920 \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} and \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} scripts) have a
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diff changeset
921 number of configuration options that you can set. These belong in a
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diff changeset
922 section named \rcsection{web}.
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diff changeset
923 \begin{itemize}
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924 \item[\rcitem{web}{allow\_archive}] Determines which (if any) archive
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diff changeset
925 download mechanisms Mercurial supports. If you enable this
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diff changeset
926 feature, users of the web interface will be able to download an
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diff changeset
927 archive of whatever revision of a repository they are viewing.
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diff changeset
928 To enable the archive feature, this item must take the form of a
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diff changeset
929 sequence of words drawn from the list below.
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diff changeset
930 \begin{itemize}
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diff changeset
931 \item[\texttt{bz2}] A \command{tar} archive, compressed using
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932 \texttt{bzip2} compression. This has the best compression ratio,
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diff changeset
933 but uses the most CPU time on the server.
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diff changeset
934 \item[\texttt{gz}] A \command{tar} archive, compressed using
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diff changeset
935 \texttt{gzip} compression.
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diff changeset
936 \item[\texttt{zip}] A \command{zip} archive, compressed using LZW
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937 compression. This format has the worst compression ratio, but is
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diff changeset
938 widely used in the Windows world.
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diff changeset
939 \end{itemize}
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diff changeset
940 If you provide an empty list, or don't have an
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941 \rcitem{web}{allow\_archive} entry at all, this feature will be
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diff changeset
942 disabled. Here is an example of how to enable all three supported
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diff changeset
943 formats.
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diff changeset
944 \begin{codesample4}
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diff changeset
945 [web]
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diff changeset
946 allow_archive = bz2 gz zip
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diff changeset
947 \end{codesample4}
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diff changeset
948 \item[\rcitem{web}{allowpull}] Boolean. Determines whether the web
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diff changeset
949 interface allows remote users to \hgcmd{pull} and \hgcmd{clone} this
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diff changeset
950 repository over~HTTP. If set to \texttt{no} or \texttt{false}, only
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diff changeset
951 the ``human-oriented'' portion of the web interface is available.
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diff changeset
952 \item[\rcitem{web}{contact}] String. A free-form (but preferably
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diff changeset
953 brief) string identifying the person or group in charge of the
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diff changeset
954 repository. This often contains the name and email address of a
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diff changeset
955 person or mailing list. It often makes sense to place this entry in
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diff changeset
956 a repository's own \sfilename{.hg/hgrc} file, but it can make sense
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diff changeset
957 to use in a global \hgrc\ if every repository has a single
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diff changeset
958 maintainer.
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diff changeset
959 \item[\rcitem{web}{maxchanges}] Integer. The default maximum number
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960 of changesets to display in a single page of output.
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961 \item[\rcitem{web}{maxfiles}] Integer. The default maximum number
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962 of modified files to display in a single page of output.
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963 \item[\rcitem{web}{stripes}] Integer. If the web interface displays
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diff changeset
964 alternating ``stripes'' to make it easier to visually align rows
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diff changeset
965 when you are looking at a table, this number controls the number of
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diff changeset
966 rows in each stripe.
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diff changeset
967 \item[\rcitem{web}{style}] Controls the template Mercurial uses to
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968 display the web interface. Mercurial ships with two web templates,
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969 named \texttt{default} and \texttt{gitweb} (the latter is much more
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diff changeset
970 visually attractive). You can also specify a custom template of
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diff changeset
971 your own; see chapter~\ref{chap:template} for details. Here, you
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972 can see how to enable the \texttt{gitweb} style.
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diff changeset
973 \begin{codesample4}
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974 [web]
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diff changeset
975 style = gitweb
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976 \end{codesample4}
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diff changeset
977 \item[\rcitem{web}{templates}] Path. The directory in which to search
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978 for template files. By default, Mercurial searches in the directory
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diff changeset
979 in which it was installed.
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diff changeset
980 \end{itemize}
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981 If you are using \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}, you can place a few
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diff changeset
982 configuration items in a \rcsection{web} section of the
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diff changeset
983 \sfilename{hgweb.config} file instead of a \hgrc\ file, for
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984 convenience. These items are \rcitem{web}{motd} and
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diff changeset
985 \rcitem{web}{style}.
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diff changeset
986
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987 \subsubsection{Options specific to an individual repository}
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988
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989 A few \rcsection{web} configuration items ought to be placed in a
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990 repository's local \sfilename{.hg/hgrc}, rather than a user's or
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diff changeset
991 global \hgrc.
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diff changeset
992 \begin{itemize}
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diff changeset
993 \item[\rcitem{web}{description}] String. A free-form (but preferably
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diff changeset
994 brief) string that describes the contents or purpose of the
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diff changeset
995 repository.
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diff changeset
996 \item[\rcitem{web}{name}] String. The name to use for the repository
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997 in the web interface. This overrides the default name, which is the
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998 last component of the repository's path.
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999 \end{itemize}
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diff changeset
1000
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diff changeset
1001 \subsubsection{Options specific to the \hgcmd{serve} command}
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1002
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1003 Some of the items in the \rcsection{web} section of a \hgrc\ file are
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diff changeset
1004 only for use with the \hgcmd{serve} command.
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diff changeset
1005 \begin{itemize}
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diff changeset
1006 \item[\rcitem{web}{accesslog}] Path. The name of a file into which to
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1007 write an access log. By default, the \hgcmd{serve} command writes
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diff changeset
1008 this information to standard output, not to a file. Log entries are
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1009 written in the standard ``combined'' file format used by almost all
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1010 web servers.
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1011 \item[\rcitem{web}{address}] String. The local address on which the
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1012 server should listen for incoming connections. By default, the
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1013 server listens on all addresses.
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1014 \item[\rcitem{web}{errorlog}] Path. The name of a file into which to
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1015 write an error log. By default, the \hgcmd{serve} command writes this
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1016 information to standard error, not to a file.
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1017 \item[\rcitem{web}{ipv6}] Boolean. Whether to use the IPv6 protocol.
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1018 By default, IPv6 is not used.
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1019 \item[\rcitem{web}{port}] Integer. The TCP~port number on which the
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1020 server should listen. The default port number used is~8000.
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1021 \end{itemize}
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1022
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1023 \subsubsection{Choosing the right \hgrc\ file to add \rcsection{web}
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1024 items to}
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1025
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1026 It is important to remember that a web server like Apache or
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1027 \texttt{lighttpd} will run under a user~ID that is different to yours.
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1028 CGI scripts run by your server, such as \sfilename{hgweb.cgi}, will
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1029 usually also run under that user~ID.
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1030
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1031 If you add \rcsection{web} items to your own personal \hgrc\ file, CGI
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1032 scripts won't read that \hgrc\ file. Those settings will thus only
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1033 affect the behaviour of the \hgcmd{serve} command when you run it. To
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1034 cause CGI scripts to see your settings, either create a \hgrc\ file in
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1035 the home directory of the user ID that runs your web server, or add
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1036 those settings to a system-wide \hgrc\ file.
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1037
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1038
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1039 %%% Local Variables:
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1040 %%% mode: latex
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1041 %%% TeX-master: "00book"
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1042 %%% End: