Mercurial > hgbook
annotate es/collab.tex @ 526:4a1dc5e8e2ff
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author | Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org> |
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date | Sun, 23 Nov 2008 23:15:17 -0500 |
parents | 7f5d542be96b |
children | 35370f1551a7 |
rev | line source |
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1 \chapter{Colaborar con otros} |
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2 \label{cha:collab} |
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3 |
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4 Debido a su naturaleza descentralizada, Mercurial no impone política |
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5 alguna de cómo deben trabajar los grupos de personas. Sin embargo, si |
513 | 6 usted es nuevo al control distribuido de versiones, es bueno tener |
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7 herramientas y ejemplos a la mano al pensar en posibles modelos de |
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8 flujo de trabajo. |
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9 |
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10 \section{La interfaz web de Mercurial} |
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11 |
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12 Mercurial tiene una poderosa interfaz web que provee bastantes |
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13 capacidades útiles. |
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14 |
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15 Para uso interactivo, la interfaz le permite visualizar uno o varios |
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16 repositorios. Puede ver la historia de un repositorio, examinar cada |
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17 cambio(comentarios y diferencias), y ver los contenidos de cada |
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18 directorio y fichero. |
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19 |
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20 Adicionalmente la interfaz provee feeds de RSS de los cambios de los |
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21 repositorios. Que le permite ``subscribirse''a un repositorio usando |
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22 su herramienta de lectura de feeds favorita, y ser notificado |
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23 automáticamente de la actividad en el repositorio tan pronto como |
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24 sucede. Me gusta mucho más este modelo que el estar suscrito a una |
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25 lista de correo a la cual se envían las notificaciones, dado que no |
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26 requiere configuración adicional de parte de quien sea que está |
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27 administrando el repositorio. |
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28 |
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29 La interfaz web también permite clonar repositorios a los usuarios |
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30 remotos, jalar cambios, y (cuando el servidor está configurado para |
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31 permitirlo) publicar cambios en el mismo. El protocolo de tunneling |
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32 de Mercurial comprime datos agresivamente, de forma que trabaja |
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33 eficientemente incluso con conexiones de red con poco ancho de banda. |
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34 |
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35 La forma más sencilla de iniciarse con la interfaz web es usar su |
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36 navegador para visitar un repositorio existente, como por ejemplo el |
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37 repositorio principal de Mercurial \url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg?style=gitweb}. |
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38 |
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39 Si está interesado en proveer una interfaz web a sus propios |
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40 repositorios, Mercurial provee dos formas de hacerlo. La primera es |
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41 usando la orden \hgcmd{serve}, que está enfocada a servir ``de forma |
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42 liviana'' y por intervalos cortos. Para más detalles de cómo usar |
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43 esta orden vea la sección~\ref{sec:collab:serve} más adelante. Si |
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44 tiene un repositorio que desea hacer permanente, Mercurial tiene |
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45 soporte embebido del \command{ssh} para publicar cambios con seguridad |
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46 al repositorio central, como se documenta en la |
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47 sección~\ref{sec:collab:ssh}. Es muy usual que se publique una copia |
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48 de sólo lectura en el repositorio que está corriendo sobre HTTP usando |
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49 CGI, como en la sección~\ref{sec:collab:cgi}. Publicar sobre HTTP |
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50 satisface las necesidades de la gente que no tiene permisos de |
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51 publicación y de aquellos que quieren usar navegadores web para |
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52 visualizar la historia del repositorio. |
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53 |
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54 \subsection{Trabajo con muchas ramas} |
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55 |
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56 Los proyectos de cierta talla tienden naturlamente a progresar de |
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57 forma simultánea en varios frentes. En el caso del software, es común |
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58 que un proyecto tenga versiones periódicas oficiales. Una versión |
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59 puede entrar a ``modo mantenimiento'' por un tiempo después de su |
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60 primera publicación; las versiones de mantenimiento tienden a contener |
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61 solamente arreglos de fallos, pero no nuevas características. En |
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62 paralelo con las versiones de mantenimiento puede haber una o muchas |
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63 versiones futuras pueden estar en desarrollo. La gente usa normalmente |
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64 la palabra ``rama'' para referirse a una de las direcciones |
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65 ligeramente distintas en las cuales procede el desarrollo. |
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66 |
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67 Mercurial está especialmente preparado para administrar un buen número |
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68 de ramas simultáneas pero no idénticas. Cada ``dirección de |
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69 desarrollo'' puede vivir en su propio repositorio central, y puede |
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70 mezclar los cambios de una a otra de acuerdo con las necesidades. Dado |
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71 que los repositorios son independientes, uno del otro, los cambios |
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72 inestables de una rama de desarrollo nunca afectarán una rama estable |
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73 a menos que alguien explícitamente mezcle los cambios. |
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74 |
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75 A continuación un ejemplo de cómo podría hacerse esto en la |
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76 práctica. Digamos que tiene una ``rama principal'' en un servidor |
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77 central. |
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78 \interaction{branching.init} |
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79 Alguien lo clona, hace cambios locales, los prueba, y los publica allí |
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80 mismo. |
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81 |
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82 Una vez que la rama principal alcanza una estado de versión se puede |
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83 usar la orden \hgcmd{tag} para dar un nombre permanente a la revisión. |
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84 \interaction{branching.tag} |
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85 Digamos que en la rama principal ocurre más desarrollo. |
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86 \interaction{branching.main} |
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87 Cuando se usa la etiqueta con que se identificó la versión, la gente |
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88 puede clonar el repositorio en cualquier momento en el futuro |
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89 empleando \hgcmd{update} para obtener una copia del directorio de |
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90 trabajo exacta como cuando se creó la etiqueta de la revisión que se |
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91 consignó. |
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92 \interaction{branching.update} |
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93 |
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94 Adicionalmente, justo después de que la rama principal se etiquete, |
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95 alguien puede clonarla en el servidor a una nueva rama ``estable'', |
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96 también en el servidor. |
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97 \interaction{branching.clone} |
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98 |
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99 Alguien que requiera hacer un cambio en la rama estable puede clonar |
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100 \emph{ese} repositorio, hacer sus cambios, consignar y publicarlos |
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101 posteriormente al inicial. |
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102 \interaction{branching.stable} |
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103 Puesto que los repositorios de Mercurial son independientes, y que |
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104 Mercurial no mueve los cambios de un lado a otro automáticamente, las |
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105 ramas estable y principal están \emph{aisladas} la una de la otra. |
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106 Los cambios que haga en la rama principal no ``se filtran'' a la rama |
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107 estable o vice versa. |
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108 |
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109 Es usual que los arreglos de fallos de la rama estable deban hacerse |
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110 aparecer en la rama principal también. En lugar de reescribir el |
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111 arreglo del fallo en la rama principal, puede jalar y mezclar los |
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112 cambios de la rama estable a la principal, Mercurial traerá tales |
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113 arreglos por usted. |
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114 \interaction{branching.merge} |
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115 La rama principal contendtrá aún los cambios que no están en la |
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116 estable y contendrá además todos los arreglos de fallos de la rama |
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117 estable. La rama estable permanece incólume a tales cambios. |
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118 |
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119 \subsection{Ramas de Características} |
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120 |
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121 En proyectos grandes, una forma efectiva de administrar los cambios es |
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122 dividir el equipo en grupos más pequeños. Cada grupo tiene una rama |
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123 compartida, clonada de una rama ``principal'' que conforma el proyecto |
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124 completo. Aquellos que trabajan en ramas individuales típicamente |
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125 están aislados de los desarrollos de otras ramas. |
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126 |
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127 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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128 \centering |
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129 \grafix{feature-branches} |
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130 \caption{Ramas de Características} |
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131 \label{fig:collab:feature-branches} |
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132 \end{figure} |
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133 |
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134 Cuando una rama particular alcanza un estado deseado, alguien del |
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135 equipo de características jala y fusiona de la rama principal hacia |
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136 la rama de características y publica posteriormente a la rama principal. |
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137 |
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138 \subsection{El tren de publicación} |
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139 |
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140 Algunos proyectos se organizan al estilo``tren'': Una versión se |
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141 planifica para ser liberada cada cierto tiempo, y las características |
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142 que estén listas cuando ha llegado el momento ``tren'', se incorporan. |
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143 |
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144 Este modelo tiene cierta similitud a las ramas de características. La |
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145 diferencia es que cuando una característica pierde el tren, alguien en |
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146 el equipo de características jala y fusiona los cambios que se fueron |
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147 en la versión liberada hacia la rama de característica, y el trabajo |
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148 continúa sobre lo fusionado para que la característica logre estar en |
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149 la próxima versión. |
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150 |
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151 \subsection{El modelo del kernel linux} |
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152 |
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153 El desarrollo del Kernel Linux tiene una estructura jerárquica |
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154 bastante horizontal, rodeada de una nube de caos aparente. Dado que la |
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155 mayoría de desarrolladores usan \command{git}, una herramienta distribuida |
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156 de control de versiones con capacidades similares a Mercurial, resulta |
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157 de utilidad describir la forma en que el trabajo fluye en tal |
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158 ambiente; si le gustan las ideas, la aproximación se traduce bien |
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159 entre Git y Mercurial. |
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160 |
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161 En el centro de la comunidad está Linus Torvalds, el creador de Linux. |
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162 Él publica un único repositorio que es considerado el árbol |
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163 ``oficial'' actual por la comunidad completa de |
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164 desarrolladores. Cualquiera puede clonar el árbol de Linus, pero él es |
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165 muy selectivo acerca de los árboles de los cuales jala. |
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166 |
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167 Linus tiene varios ``lugartenientes confiables''. Como regla, él jala |
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168 todos los cambios que ellos publican, en la mayoría de los casos sin |
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169 siquiera revisarlos. Algunos de sus lugartenientes generalmente |
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170 aceptan ser los ``mantenedores'', responsables de subsistemas |
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171 específicos dentro del kernel. Si un hacker cualquiera desea hacer un |
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172 cambio a un subsistema y busca que termine en el árbol de Linus, debe |
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173 encontrar quién es el mantenedor del subsistema y solicitarle que |
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174 tenga en cuenta su cambio. Si el mantenedor revisa los cambios y está |
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175 de acuerdo en tomarlos, estos pasarán al árbol de Linus de acuerdo a |
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176 lo expuesto. |
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177 |
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178 Cada lugarteniente tiene su forma particular de revisar, aceptar y |
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179 publicar los cambios; y para decidir cuando hacerlos presentes a |
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180 Linus. Adicionalmente existen varias ramas conocidas que mucha gente |
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181 usa para propósitos distintos. Por ejemplo, pocas personas mantienen |
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182 repositorios ``estables'' de versiones anteriores del kernel, a los |
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183 cuales aplican arreglos de fallos críticos necesarios. Algunos |
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184 mantenedores publican varios árboles: uno para cambios |
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185 experimentales; uno para cambios que van a ofrecer al mantenedor |
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186 principal; y así sucesivamente. Otros publican un solo árbol. |
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187 |
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188 Este modelo tiene dos características notables. La primera es que son |
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189 de ``jalar exclusivamente''. Usted debe solicitar, convencer o |
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190 incluso rogar a otro desarrollador para que tome sus cabmios, porque |
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191 casi no hay árboles en los cuales más de una persona pueda publicar, y |
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192 no hay forma de publicar cambios en un árbol que otra persona controla. |
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193 |
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194 El segundo está basado en reputación y meritocracia. Si usted es un |
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195 desconocido, Linus probablemente ignorará sus cambios, sin siquiera |
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196 responderle. Pero un mantenedor de un subsistema probablemente los |
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197 revisara, y los acogerá en caso de que aprueben su criterio de |
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198 aplicabilidad. A medida que usted ofrezca ``mejores'' cambios a un |
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199 mantenedor, habrá más posibilidad de que se confíe en su juicio y se |
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200 acepten los cambios. Si usted es reconocido y matiene una rama |
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201 durante bastante tiempo para algo que Linus no ha aceptado, personas |
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202 con intereses similares pueden jalar sus cambios regularmente para |
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203 estar al día con su trabajo. |
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204 |
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205 La reputación y meritocracia no necesariamente es transversal entre |
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206 ``personas'' de diferentes subsistemas. Si usted es respetado pero es |
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207 un hacker en almacenamiento y trata de arreglar un fallo de redes, |
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208 tal cambio puede recibir un nivel de escrutinio de un mantenedor de |
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209 redes comparable con el que se le haría a un completo extraño. |
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210 |
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211 Personas que vienen de proyectos con un ordenamiento distinto, sienten |
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212 que el proceso comparativamente caótico del Kernel Linux es |
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213 completamente lunático. Es objeto de los caprichos individuales; la |
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214 gente desecha cambios cuando lo desean; y la fase de desarrollo es |
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215 alucinante. A pesar de eso Linux es una pieza de software exitosa y |
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216 bien reconocida. |
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217 |
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218 \subsection{Solamente jalar frente a colaboración pública} |
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219 |
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220 Una fuente perpetua de discusiones en la comunidad de código abierto |
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221 yace en el modelo de desarrollo en el cual la gente solamente jala |
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222 cambios de otros ``es mejor que'' uno en el cual muchas personas |
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223 pueden publicar cambios a un repositorio compartido. |
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224 |
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225 Tícamente los partidarios del modelo de publicar usan las herramientas |
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226 que se apegan a este modelo. Si usted usa una herramienta |
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227 centralizada de control de versiones como Subversion, no hay forma de |
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228 elegir qué modelo va a usar: La herramienta le ofrece publicación |
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229 compartida, y si desea hacer cualquier otra cosa, va a tener que |
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230 aplicar una aproximación artificial (tal como aplicar parches a mano). |
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231 |
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232 Una buena herramienta distribuida de control de versiones, tal como |
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233 Mercurial soportará los dos modelos. Usted y sus colaboradores |
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234 pueden estructurar cómo trabajarán juntos basados en sus propias |
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235 necesidades y preferencias, sin depender de las peripecias que la |
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236 herramienta les obligue a hacer. |
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237 |
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238 \subsection{Cuando la colaboración encuentra la administración ramificada} |
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239 |
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240 Una vez que usted y su equipo configurar algunos repositorios |
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241 compartidos y comienzan a propagar cambios entre sus repositorios |
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242 locales y compartidos, comenzará a encarar un reto relacionado, pero |
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243 un poco distinto: Administrar las direcciones en las cuales su equipo |
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244 puede moverse. A pesar de que está intimamente ligado acerca de cómo |
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245 interactúa su equipo, es lo suficientemente denso para ameritar un |
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246 tratamiento en el capítulo~\ref{chap:branch}. |
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247 |
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248 \section{Aspectos técnicos de la colaboración} |
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249 |
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250 Lo que resta del capítulo lo dedicamos a las cuestiones de servir |
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251 datos a sus colaboradores. |
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252 |
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253 \section{Compartir informalmente con \hgcmd{serve}} |
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254 \label{sec:collab:serve} |
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255 |
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256 La orden \hgcmd{serve} de Mercurial satisface de forma espectacular |
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257 las necesidades de un grupo pequeño, acoplado y de corto |
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258 tiempo. Se constituye en una demostración de cómo se siente usar los |
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259 comandos usando la red. |
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260 |
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261 Ejecute \hgcmd{serve} dentro de un repositorio, y en pocos segundos |
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262 iniciará un servidor HTTP especializado; aceptará conexiones desde |
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263 cualquier cliente y servirá datos de este repositorio mientrs lo |
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264 mantenga funcionando. Todo el que sepa el URL del servidor que ha |
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265 iniciado, y que puede comunicarse con su computador por la red, puede |
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266 usar un navegador web o Mercurial para leer datos del repositorio. Un |
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267 URL para una instancia de \hgcmd{serve} ejecutándose en un portátil |
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268 debería lucir algo \Verb|http://my-laptop.local:8000/|. |
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269 |
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270 La orden \hgcmd{serve} \emph{no} es un servidor web de propósito |
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271 general. Solamente puede hacer dos cosas: |
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272 \begin{itemize} |
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273 \item Permitir que se pueda visualizar la historia del repositorio que |
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274 está sirviendo desde navegadores web. |
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275 \item Hablar el protocolo de conexión de Mercurial para que puedan hacer |
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276 \hgcmd{clone} o \hgcmd{pull} (jalar) cambios de tal repositorio. |
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277 \end{itemize} |
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278 En particular, \hgcmd{serve} no permitirá que los usuarios remotos |
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279 puedan \emph{modificar} su repositorio. Es de tipo solo lectura. |
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280 |
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281 Si está comenzando con Mercurial, no hay nada que le impida usar |
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282 \hgcmd{serve} para servir un repositorio en su propio computador, y |
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283 usar posteriormente órdenes como \hgcmd{clone}, \hgcmd{incoming}, para |
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284 comunicarse con el servidor como si el repositorio estuviera alojado |
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285 remotamente. Lo que además puede ayudarle a adecuarse rápidamente para |
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286 usar comandos en repositorios alojados en la red. |
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287 |
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288 \subsection{Cuestiones adicionales para tener en cuenta} |
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289 |
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290 Dado que permite lectura sin autenticación a todos sus clientes, |
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291 debería usar \hgcmd{serve} exclusivamente en ambientes en los cuáles |
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292 no tenga problema en que otros vean, o en los cuales tenga control |
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293 completo acerca de quien puede acceder a su red y jalar cambios de su |
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294 repositorio. |
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295 |
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296 La orden \hgcmd{serve} no tiene conocimiento acerca de programas |
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297 cortafuegos que puedan estar instalados en su sistema o en su red. No |
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298 puede detectar o controlar sus cortafuegos. Si otras personas no |
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299 pueden acceder a su instancia \hgcmd{serve}, lo siguiente que debería hacer |
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300 (\emph{después} de asegurarse que tienen el URL correcto) es verificar |
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301 su configuración de cortafuegos. |
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302 |
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303 De forma predeterminada, \hgcmd{serve} escucha conexiones entrantes en |
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304 el puerto~8000. Si otro proceso está escuchando en tal puerto, usted |
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305 podrá especificar un puerto distinto para escuchar con la opción |
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306 \hgopt{serve}{-p} . |
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307 |
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308 Normalmente, cuando se inicia \hgcmd{serve}, no imprime nada, lo cual |
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309 puede ser desconcertante. Si desea confirmar que en efecto está |
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310 ejecutándose correctamente, y darse cuenta qué URL debería enviar a |
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311 sus colaboradores, inícielo con la opción \hggopt{-v}. |
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312 |
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313 \section{Uso del protocolo Secure Shell (ssh)} |
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314 \label{sec:collab:ssh} |
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315 |
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316 Usted puede publicar y jalar cambios en la red de forma segura usando |
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317 el protocolo Secure Shell (\texttt{ssh}). Para usarlo satisfactoriamente, |
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318 tendrá que hacer algo de configuración a nivel de cliente o el |
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319 servidor. |
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320 |
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321 Si no está familizarizado con ssh, es un protocolo de red que le permite |
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322 comunicarse con seguridad con otro computador. Para usarlo con |
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323 Mercurial, estará estableciendo una o más cuentas de usuario en un |
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324 servidor de forma tal que los usuarios remotos puedan entrar y |
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325 ejecutar órdenes. |
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326 |
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327 (Si ssh le \emph{es} familiar, encontrará probablemente elemental una |
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328 porción del material a continuación.) |
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329 |
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330 \subsection{Cómo leer y escribir URLs de ssh} |
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331 |
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332 Los URLs de ssh tienden a lucir de la siguiente forma: |
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333 \begin{codesample2} |
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334 ssh://bos@hg.serpentine.com:22/hg/hgbook |
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335 \end{codesample2} |
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336 \begin{enumerate} |
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337 \item La parte ``\texttt{ssh://}'' indica a Mercurial que use el |
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338 protocolo ssh. |
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339 \item El componente ``\texttt{bos@}'' indica el nombre del usuario que |
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340 está entrando al servidor. Puede omitirl si el usuario remoto |
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341 coincide con el usuario local. |
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342 \item ``\texttt{hg.serpentine.com}'' es el nombre del servidor al cual |
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343 se desea entrar. |
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344 \item El ``:22'' identifica el número del puerto en el servidor al cual |
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345 se conectará. El predeterminado es el~22, así que solamente |
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346 necesitará especificar esa porción si \emph{no} está usando el |
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347 puerto~22. |
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348 \item La última porción del URL es la ruta local al repositorio en el |
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349 servidor. |
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350 \end{enumerate} |
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351 |
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352 El componente de la ruta del URL para ssh es una fuente de confusión, |
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353 puesto que no hay una forma estándar para que las herramientas puedan |
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354 interpretarlo. Algunos programas se comportan de manera distinta a |
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355 otros cuando manipulan estas rutas. No es la situación ideal, pero |
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356 es muy poco probable que vaya a cambiar. Por favor lea los párrafos |
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357 siguientes cuidadosamente. |
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358 |
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359 Mercurial trata la ruta al repositorio en el servidor como relativo al |
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360 directorio chasa del usuario remoto. Por ejemplo, si el usuario |
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361 \texttt{foo} en el servidor tiene el directorio casa |
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362 \dirname{/home/foo}, |
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363 entonces un URL ssh que contenga en su ruta a \dirname{bar} |
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364 \emph{realmente} se refiere al directorio \dirname{/home/foo/bar}. |
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365 |
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366 Si desea especificar una ruta relativa a otro directorio de usuario, |
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367 puede usar una ruta que comience con un caracter tildado, seguido del |
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368 nombre del usuario(llamémosle \texttt{otrousuario}, así |
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369 \begin{codesample2} |
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370 ssh://server/~otrousuario/hg/repo |
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371 \end{codesample2} |
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372 |
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373 Y si realmente desea especifica una ruta \emph{absoluta} en el |
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374 servidor, comience con el componente de la ruta con dos barras como |
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375 en el siguiente ejemplo: |
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376 \begin{codesample2} |
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377 ssh://server//absolute/path |
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378 \end{codesample2} |
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379 |
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380 \subsection{Encontrar un cliente ssh para su sistema} |
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381 |
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382 Casi todos los sistemas tipo Unix vienen con OpenSSH preinstalado. Si |
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383 usted está usando un sistema de estos, ejecute \Verb|which ssh| para |
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384 identificar dónde está instalada la orden \command{ssh} (usualmente |
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385 estará en \dirname{/usr/bin}). Si por casualidad no está presente, |
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386 vea la documentación de sus sistema para lograr instalarlo. |
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387 |
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388 En Windows, tendrá que escoger primero un cliente adecuado para |
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389 descargarlo. Hay dos alternativas: |
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390 \begin{itemize} |
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391 \item El excelente paquete PuTTY~\cite{web:putty} de Simon Tatham, que |
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392 ofrece un suite completo de órdenes de cliente ssh. |
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393 \item Si tiene alta tolerancia al dolor, puede usar el porte de Cygwin |
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394 para OpenSSH. |
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395 \end{itemize} |
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396 En cualquier caso, tendrá que editar su fichero \hgini\ para indicarle |
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397 a Mercurial dónde encontrar la orden real del cliente. Por ejemplo, si |
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398 está usando PuTTY, tendrá que usar la orden \command{plink} como un |
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399 cliente de línea de órdenes. |
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400 \begin{codesample2} |
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401 [ui] |
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402 ssh = C:/ruta/a/plink.exe -ssh -i "C:/ruta/a/mi/llave/privada" |
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403 \end{codesample2} |
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404 |
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405 \begin{note} |
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406 La ruta a \command{plink} no debería contener espacios o caracteres |
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407 en blanco, o Mercurial no podrá encontrarlo correctamente (por lo |
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408 tanto, probablemente no sería buena idea colocarlo en |
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409 \dirname{C:\\Program Files} |
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410 \end{note} |
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411 |
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412 \subsection{Generar un par de llaves} |
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413 |
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414 Para evitar la necesidad de teclera una clave de forma repetitiva cada |
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415 vez que necesita usar el cliente, recomiendo generar un par de llaves. |
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416 En un sistema tipo Unix, la orden \command{ssh-keygen} también se |
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417 comportará bien. En Windows, si está usando PuTTY, la orden |
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418 \command{puttygen} es la que necesitará. |
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419 |
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420 Cuando genera un par de llaves, se aconseja \emph{comedidamente} |
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421 protegerlas con una frase de clave. (La única oportunidad en la cual |
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422 usted querría identificarse una única vez, es cuando está usando |
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423 el protocolo ssh para tareas automatizadas en una red segura.) |
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424 |
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425 No basta con generar un par de llaves. Se requiere adicionar una llave |
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426 pública al conjunto de llaves autorizadas para todos los usuarios |
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427 remotos que se vayan a autenticar. Para aquellos servidores que usen |
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428 OpenSSH(la gran mayoría), significará añadir la llave pública a la |
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429 lista en el fichero llamado \sfilename{authorized\_keys} en su |
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430 directorio \sdirname{.ssh}. |
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431 |
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432 En sistemas tipo Unix, su llave pública tendrá la extensión |
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433 \filename{.pub}. Si usa \command{puttygen} en Windows, puede |
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434 guardar la llave pública en un fichero de su elección, o pegarla desde |
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435 la ventana en la cual se despliega directamente en el fichero |
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436 \sfilename{authorized\_keys}. |
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437 |
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438 \subsection{Using an authentication agent} |
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439 |
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440 An authentication agent is a daemon that stores passphrases in memory |
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441 (so it will forget passphrases if you log out and log back in again). |
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442 An ssh client will notice if it's running, and query it for a |
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443 passphrase. If there's no authentication agent running, or the agent |
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444 doesn't store the necessary passphrase, you'll have to type your |
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445 passphrase every time Mercurial tries to communicate with a server on |
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446 your behalf (e.g.~whenever you pull or push changes). |
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447 |
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448 The downside of storing passphrases in an agent is that it's possible |
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449 for a well-prepared attacker to recover the plain text of your |
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450 passphrases, in some cases even if your system has been power-cycled. |
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451 You should make your own judgment as to whether this is an acceptable |
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452 risk. It certainly saves a lot of repeated typing. |
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453 |
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454 On Unix-like systems, the agent is called \command{ssh-agent}, and |
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455 it's often run automatically for you when you log in. You'll need to |
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456 use the \command{ssh-add} command to add passphrases to the agent's |
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457 store. On Windows, if you're using PuTTY, the \command{pageant} |
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458 command acts as the agent. It adds an icon to your system tray that |
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459 will let you manage stored passphrases. |
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460 |
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461 \subsection{Configuring the server side properly} |
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462 |
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463 Because ssh can be fiddly to set up if you're new to it, there's a |
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464 variety of things that can go wrong. Add Mercurial on top, and |
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465 there's plenty more scope for head-scratching. Most of these |
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466 potential problems occur on the server side, not the client side. The |
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467 good news is that once you've gotten a configuration working, it will |
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468 usually continue to work indefinitely. |
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469 |
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470 Before you try using Mercurial to talk to an ssh server, it's best to |
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471 make sure that you can use the normal \command{ssh} or \command{putty} |
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472 command to talk to the server first. If you run into problems with |
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473 using these commands directly, Mercurial surely won't work. Worse, it |
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474 will obscure the underlying problem. Any time you want to debug |
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475 ssh-related Mercurial problems, you should drop back to making sure |
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476 that plain ssh client commands work first, \emph{before} you worry |
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477 about whether there's a problem with Mercurial. |
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478 |
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479 The first thing to be sure of on the server side is that you can |
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480 actually log in from another machine at all. If you can't use |
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481 \command{ssh} or \command{putty} to log in, the error message you get |
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482 may give you a few hints as to what's wrong. The most common problems |
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483 are as follows. |
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484 \begin{itemize} |
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485 \item If you get a ``connection refused'' error, either there isn't an |
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486 SSH daemon running on the server at all, or it's inaccessible due to |
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487 firewall configuration. |
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488 \item If you get a ``no route to host'' error, you either have an |
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489 incorrect address for the server or a seriously locked down firewall |
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490 that won't admit its existence at all. |
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491 \item If you get a ``permission denied'' error, you may have mistyped |
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492 the username on the server, or you could have mistyped your key's |
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493 passphrase or the remote user's password. |
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494 \end{itemize} |
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495 In summary, if you're having trouble talking to the server's ssh |
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496 daemon, first make sure that one is running at all. On many systems |
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497 it will be installed, but disabled, by default. Once you're done with |
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498 this step, you should then check that the server's firewall is |
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499 configured to allow incoming connections on the port the ssh daemon is |
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500 listening on (usually~22). Don't worry about more exotic |
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501 possibilities for misconfiguration until you've checked these two |
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502 first. |
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503 |
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504 If you're using an authentication agent on the client side to store |
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505 passphrases for your keys, you ought to be able to log into the server |
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506 without being prompted for a passphrase or a password. If you're |
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507 prompted for a passphrase, there are a few possible culprits. |
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508 \begin{itemize} |
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509 \item You might have forgotten to use \command{ssh-add} or |
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510 \command{pageant} to store the passphrase. |
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511 \item You might have stored the passphrase for the wrong key. |
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512 \end{itemize} |
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513 If you're being prompted for the remote user's password, there are |
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514 another few possible problems to check. |
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515 \begin{itemize} |
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516 \item Either the user's home directory or their \sdirname{.ssh} |
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517 directory might have excessively liberal permissions. As a result, |
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518 the ssh daemon will not trust or read their |
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519 \sfilename{authorized\_keys} file. For example, a group-writable |
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520 home or \sdirname{.ssh} directory will often cause this symptom. |
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521 \item The user's \sfilename{authorized\_keys} file may have a problem. |
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522 If anyone other than the user owns or can write to that file, the |
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523 ssh daemon will not trust or read it. |
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524 \end{itemize} |
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525 |
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526 In the ideal world, you should be able to run the following command |
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527 successfully, and it should print exactly one line of output, the |
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528 current date and time. |
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529 \begin{codesample2} |
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530 ssh myserver date |
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531 \end{codesample2} |
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532 |
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533 If, on your server, you have login scripts that print banners or other |
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534 junk even when running non-interactive commands like this, you should |
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535 fix them before you continue, so that they only print output if |
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536 they're run interactively. Otherwise these banners will at least |
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537 clutter up Mercurial's output. Worse, they could potentially cause |
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538 problems with running Mercurial commands remotely. Mercurial makes |
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539 tries to detect and ignore banners in non-interactive \command{ssh} |
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540 sessions, but it is not foolproof. (If you're editing your login |
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541 scripts on your server, the usual way to see if a login script is |
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542 running in an interactive shell is to check the return code from the |
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543 command \Verb|tty -s|.) |
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544 |
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545 Once you've verified that plain old ssh is working with your server, |
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546 the next step is to ensure that Mercurial runs on the server. The |
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547 following command should run successfully: |
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548 \begin{codesample2} |
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549 ssh myserver hg version |
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550 \end{codesample2} |
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551 If you see an error message instead of normal \hgcmd{version} output, |
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552 this is usually because you haven't installed Mercurial to |
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553 \dirname{/usr/bin}. Don't worry if this is the case; you don't need |
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554 to do that. But you should check for a few possible problems. |
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555 \begin{itemize} |
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556 \item Is Mercurial really installed on the server at all? I know this |
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557 sounds trivial, but it's worth checking! |
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558 \item Maybe your shell's search path (usually set via the \envar{PATH} |
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559 environment variable) is simply misconfigured. |
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560 \item Perhaps your \envar{PATH} environment variable is only being set |
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561 to point to the location of the \command{hg} executable if the login |
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562 session is interactive. This can happen if you're setting the path |
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563 in the wrong shell login script. See your shell's documentation for |
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564 details. |
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565 \item The \envar{PYTHONPATH} environment variable may need to contain |
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566 the path to the Mercurial Python modules. It might not be set at |
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567 all; it could be incorrect; or it may be set only if the login is |
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568 interactive. |
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569 \end{itemize} |
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570 |
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571 If you can run \hgcmd{version} over an ssh connection, well done! |
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572 You've got the server and client sorted out. You should now be able |
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573 to use Mercurial to access repositories hosted by that username on |
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574 that server. If you run into problems with Mercurial and ssh at this |
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575 point, try using the \hggopt{--debug} option to get a clearer picture |
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576 of what's going on. |
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577 |
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578 \subsection{Using compression with ssh} |
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579 |
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580 Mercurial does not compress data when it uses the ssh protocol, |
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581 because the ssh protocol can transparently compress data. However, |
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582 the default behaviour of ssh clients is \emph{not} to request |
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583 compression. |
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584 |
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585 Over any network other than a fast LAN (even a wireless network), |
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586 using compression is likely to significantly speed up Mercurial's |
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587 network operations. For example, over a WAN, someone measured |
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588 compression as reducing the amount of time required to clone a |
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589 particularly large repository from~51 minutes to~17 minutes. |
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590 |
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591 Both \command{ssh} and \command{plink} accept a \cmdopt{ssh}{-C} |
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592 option which turns on compression. You can easily edit your \hgrc\ to |
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593 enable compression for all of Mercurial's uses of the ssh protocol. |
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594 \begin{codesample2} |
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595 [ui] |
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596 ssh = ssh -C |
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597 \end{codesample2} |
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598 |
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599 If you use \command{ssh}, you can configure it to always use |
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600 compression when talking to your server. To do this, edit your |
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601 \sfilename{.ssh/config} file (which may not yet exist), as follows. |
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602 \begin{codesample2} |
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603 Host hg |
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604 Compression yes |
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605 HostName hg.example.com |
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606 \end{codesample2} |
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607 This defines an alias, \texttt{hg}. When you use it on the |
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608 \command{ssh} command line or in a Mercurial \texttt{ssh}-protocol |
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609 URL, it will cause \command{ssh} to connect to \texttt{hg.example.com} |
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610 and use compression. This gives you both a shorter name to type and |
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611 compression, each of which is a good thing in its own right. |
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612 |
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613 \section{Serving over HTTP using CGI} |
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614 \label{sec:collab:cgi} |
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615 |
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616 Depending on how ambitious you are, configuring Mercurial's CGI |
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617 interface can take anything from a few moments to several hours. |
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618 |
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619 We'll begin with the simplest of examples, and work our way towards a |
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620 more complex configuration. Even for the most basic case, you're |
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621 almost certainly going to need to read and modify your web server's |
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622 configuration. |
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623 |
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624 \begin{note} |
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625 Configuring a web server is a complex, fiddly, and highly |
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626 system-dependent activity. I can't possibly give you instructions |
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627 that will cover anything like all of the cases you will encounter. |
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628 Please use your discretion and judgment in following the sections |
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629 below. Be prepared to make plenty of mistakes, and to spend a lot |
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630 of time reading your server's error logs. |
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631 \end{note} |
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632 |
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633 \subsection{Web server configuration checklist} |
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634 |
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635 Before you continue, do take a few moments to check a few aspects of |
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636 your system's setup. |
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637 |
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638 \begin{enumerate} |
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639 \item Do you have a web server installed at all? Mac OS X ships with |
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640 Apache, but many other systems may not have a web server installed. |
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641 \item If you have a web server installed, is it actually running? On |
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642 most systems, even if one is present, it will be disabled by |
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643 default. |
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644 \item Is your server configured to allow you to run CGI programs in |
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645 the directory where you plan to do so? Most servers default to |
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646 explicitly disabling the ability to run CGI programs. |
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647 \end{enumerate} |
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648 |
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649 If you don't have a web server installed, and don't have substantial |
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650 experience configuring Apache, you should consider using the |
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651 \texttt{lighttpd} web server instead of Apache. Apache has a |
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652 well-deserved reputation for baroque and confusing configuration. |
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653 While \texttt{lighttpd} is less capable in some ways than Apache, most |
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654 of these capabilities are not relevant to serving Mercurial |
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655 repositories. And \texttt{lighttpd} is undeniably \emph{much} easier |
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656 to get started with than Apache. |
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657 |
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658 \subsection{Basic CGI configuration} |
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659 |
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660 On Unix-like systems, it's common for users to have a subdirectory |
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661 named something like \dirname{public\_html} in their home directory, |
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662 from which they can serve up web pages. A file named \filename{foo} |
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663 in this directory will be accessible at a URL of the form |
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664 \texttt{http://www.example.com/\~username/foo}. |
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665 |
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666 To get started, find the \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} script that should be |
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667 present in your Mercurial installation. If you can't quickly find a |
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668 local copy on your system, simply download one from the master |
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669 Mercurial repository at |
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670 \url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgweb.cgi}. |
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671 |
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672 You'll need to copy this script into your \dirname{public\_html} |
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673 directory, and ensure that it's executable. |
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674 \begin{codesample2} |
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675 cp .../hgweb.cgi ~/public_html |
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676 chmod 755 ~/public_html/hgweb.cgi |
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677 \end{codesample2} |
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678 The \texttt{755} argument to \command{chmod} is a little more general |
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679 than just making the script executable: it ensures that the script is |
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680 executable by anyone, and that ``group'' and ``other'' write |
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681 permissions are \emph{not} set. If you were to leave those write |
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682 permissions enabled, Apache's \texttt{suexec} subsystem would likely |
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683 refuse to execute the script. In fact, \texttt{suexec} also insists |
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684 that the \emph{directory} in which the script resides must not be |
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685 writable by others. |
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686 \begin{codesample2} |
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687 chmod 755 ~/public_html |
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688 \end{codesample2} |
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689 |
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690 \subsubsection{What could \emph{possibly} go wrong?} |
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691 \label{sec:collab:wtf} |
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692 |
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693 Once you've copied the CGI script into place, go into a web browser, |
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694 and try to open the URL \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgweb.cgi}, |
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695 \emph{but} brace yourself for instant failure. There's a high |
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696 probability that trying to visit this URL will fail, and there are |
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697 many possible reasons for this. In fact, you're likely to stumble |
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698 over almost every one of the possible errors below, so please read |
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699 carefully. The following are all of the problems I ran into on a |
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700 system running Fedora~7, with a fresh installation of Apache, and a |
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701 user account that I created specially to perform this exercise. |
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702 |
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703 Your web server may have per-user directories disabled. If you're |
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704 using Apache, search your config file for a \texttt{UserDir} |
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705 directive. If there's none present, per-user directories will be |
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706 disabled. If one exists, but its value is \texttt{disabled}, then |
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707 per-user directories will be disabled. Otherwise, the string after |
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708 \texttt{UserDir} gives the name of the subdirectory that Apache will |
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709 look in under your home directory, for example \dirname{public\_html}. |
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710 |
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711 Your file access permissions may be too restrictive. The web server |
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712 must be able to traverse your home directory and directories under |
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713 your \dirname{public\_html} directory, and read files under the latter |
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714 too. Here's a quick recipe to help you to make your permissions more |
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715 appropriate. |
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716 \begin{codesample2} |
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717 chmod 755 ~ |
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718 find ~/public_html -type d -print0 | xargs -0r chmod 755 |
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719 find ~/public_html -type f -print0 | xargs -0r chmod 644 |
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720 \end{codesample2} |
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721 |
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722 The other possibility with permissions is that you might get a |
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723 completely empty window when you try to load the script. In this |
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724 case, it's likely that your access permissions are \emph{too |
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725 permissive}. Apache's \texttt{suexec} subsystem won't execute a |
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726 script that's group-~or world-writable, for example. |
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727 |
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728 Your web server may be configured to disallow execution of CGI |
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729 programs in your per-user web directory. Here's Apache's |
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730 default per-user configuration from my Fedora system. |
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731 \begin{codesample2} |
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732 <Directory /home/*/public_html> |
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733 AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit |
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734 Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec |
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735 <Limit GET POST OPTIONS> |
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736 Order allow,deny |
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737 Allow from all |
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738 </Limit> |
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739 <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS> |
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740 Order deny,allow |
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741 Deny from all |
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742 </LimitExcept> |
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743 </Directory> |
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744 \end{codesample2} |
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745 If you find a similar-looking \texttt{Directory} group in your Apache |
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746 configuration, the directive to look at inside it is \texttt{Options}. |
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747 Add \texttt{ExecCGI} to the end of this list if it's missing, and |
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748 restart the web server. |
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749 |
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750 If you find that Apache serves you the text of the CGI script instead |
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751 of executing it, you may need to either uncomment (if already present) |
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752 or add a directive like this. |
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753 \begin{codesample2} |
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754 AddHandler cgi-script .cgi |
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755 \end{codesample2} |
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756 |
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757 The next possibility is that you might be served with a colourful |
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758 Python backtrace claiming that it can't import a |
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759 \texttt{mercurial}-related module. This is actually progress! The |
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760 server is now capable of executing your CGI script. This error is |
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761 only likely to occur if you're running a private installation of |
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762 Mercurial, instead of a system-wide version. Remember that the web |
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763 server runs the CGI program without any of the environment variables |
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764 that you take for granted in an interactive session. If this error |
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765 happens to you, edit your copy of \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} and follow the |
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766 directions inside it to correctly set your \envar{PYTHONPATH} |
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767 environment variable. |
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768 |
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769 Finally, you are \emph{certain} to by served with another colourful |
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770 Python backtrace: this one will complain that it can't find |
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771 \dirname{/path/to/repository}. Edit your \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} script |
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772 and replace the \dirname{/path/to/repository} string with the complete |
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773 path to the repository you want to serve up. |
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774 |
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775 At this point, when you try to reload the page, you should be |
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776 presented with a nice HTML view of your repository's history. Whew! |
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777 |
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778 \subsubsection{Configuring lighttpd} |
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779 |
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780 To be exhaustive in my experiments, I tried configuring the |
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781 increasingly popular \texttt{lighttpd} web server to serve the same |
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782 repository as I described with Apache above. I had already overcome |
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783 all of the problems I outlined with Apache, many of which are not |
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784 server-specific. As a result, I was fairly sure that my file and |
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785 directory permissions were good, and that my \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} |
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786 script was properly edited. |
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787 |
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788 Once I had Apache running, getting \texttt{lighttpd} to serve the |
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789 repository was a snap (in other words, even if you're trying to use |
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790 \texttt{lighttpd}, you should read the Apache section). I first had |
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791 to edit the \texttt{mod\_access} section of its config file to enable |
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792 \texttt{mod\_cgi} and \texttt{mod\_userdir}, both of which were |
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793 disabled by default on my system. I then added a few lines to the end |
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794 of the config file, to configure these modules. |
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795 \begin{codesample2} |
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796 userdir.path = "public_html" |
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797 cgi.assign = ( ".cgi" => "" ) |
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798 \end{codesample2} |
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799 With this done, \texttt{lighttpd} ran immediately for me. If I had |
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800 configured \texttt{lighttpd} before Apache, I'd almost certainly have |
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801 run into many of the same system-level configuration problems as I did |
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802 with Apache. However, I found \texttt{lighttpd} to be noticeably |
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803 easier to configure than Apache, even though I've used Apache for over |
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804 a decade, and this was my first exposure to \texttt{lighttpd}. |
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805 |
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806 \subsection{Sharing multiple repositories with one CGI script} |
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807 |
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808 The \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} script only lets you publish a single |
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809 repository, which is an annoying restriction. If you want to publish |
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810 more than one without wracking yourself with multiple copies of the |
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811 same script, each with different names, a better choice is to use the |
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812 \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script. |
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813 |
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814 The procedure to configure \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} is only a little |
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815 more involved than for \sfilename{hgweb.cgi}. First, you must obtain |
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816 a copy of the script. If you don't have one handy, you can download a |
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817 copy from the master Mercurial repository at |
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818 \url{http://www.selenic.com/repo/hg/raw-file/tip/hgwebdir.cgi}. |
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819 |
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820 You'll need to copy this script into your \dirname{public\_html} |
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821 directory, and ensure that it's executable. |
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822 \begin{codesample2} |
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823 cp .../hgwebdir.cgi ~/public_html |
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824 chmod 755 ~/public_html ~/public_html/hgwebdir.cgi |
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825 \end{codesample2} |
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826 With basic configuration out of the way, try to visit |
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827 \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi} in your browser. It |
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828 should display an empty list of repositories. If you get a blank |
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829 window or error message, try walking through the list of potential |
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830 problems in section~\ref{sec:collab:wtf}. |
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831 |
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832 The \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script relies on an external |
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833 configuration file. By default, it searches for a file named |
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834 \sfilename{hgweb.config} in the same directory as itself. You'll need |
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835 to create this file, and make it world-readable. The format of the |
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836 file is similar to a Windows ``ini'' file, as understood by Python's |
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837 \texttt{ConfigParser}~\cite{web:configparser} module. |
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838 |
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839 The easiest way to configure \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} is with a |
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840 section named \texttt{collections}. This will automatically publish |
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841 \emph{every} repository under the directories you name. The section |
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842 should look like this: |
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843 \begin{codesample2} |
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844 [collections] |
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845 /my/root = /my/root |
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846 \end{codesample2} |
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847 Mercurial interprets this by looking at the directory name on the |
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848 \emph{right} hand side of the ``\texttt{=}'' sign; finding |
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849 repositories in that directory hierarchy; and using the text on the |
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850 \emph{left} to strip off matching text from the names it will actually |
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851 list in the web interface. The remaining component of a path after |
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852 this stripping has occurred is called a ``virtual path''. |
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853 |
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854 Given the example above, if we have a repository whose local path is |
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855 \dirname{/my/root/this/repo}, the CGI script will strip the leading |
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856 \dirname{/my/root} from the name, and publish the repository with a |
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857 virtual path of \dirname{this/repo}. If the base URL for our CGI |
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858 script is \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi}, the complete |
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859 URL for that repository will be |
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860 \url{http://myhostname/~myuser/hgwebdir.cgi/this/repo}. |
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861 |
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862 If we replace \dirname{/my/root} on the left hand side of this example |
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863 with \dirname{/my}, then \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} will only strip off |
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864 \dirname{/my} from the repository name, and will give us a virtual |
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865 path of \dirname{root/this/repo} instead of \dirname{this/repo}. |
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866 |
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867 The \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script will recursively search each |
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868 directory listed in the \texttt{collections} section of its |
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869 configuration file, but it will \texttt{not} recurse into the |
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870 repositories it finds. |
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871 |
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872 The \texttt{collections} mechanism makes it easy to publish many |
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873 repositories in a ``fire and forget'' manner. You only need to set up |
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874 the CGI script and configuration file one time. Afterwards, you can |
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875 publish or unpublish a repository at any time by simply moving it |
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876 into, or out of, the directory hierarchy in which you've configured |
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877 \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} to look. |
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878 |
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879 \subsubsection{Explicitly specifying which repositories to publish} |
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880 |
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881 In addition to the \texttt{collections} mechanism, the |
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882 \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} script allows you to publish a specific list |
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883 of repositories. To do so, create a \texttt{paths} section, with |
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884 contents of the following form. |
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885 \begin{codesample2} |
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886 [paths] |
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887 repo1 = /my/path/to/some/repo |
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888 repo2 = /some/path/to/another |
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889 \end{codesample2} |
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890 In this case, the virtual path (the component that will appear in a |
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891 URL) is on the left hand side of each definition, while the path to |
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892 the repository is on the right. Notice that there does not need to be |
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893 any relationship between the virtual path you choose and the location |
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894 of a repository in your filesystem. |
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895 |
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896 If you wish, you can use both the \texttt{collections} and |
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897 \texttt{paths} mechanisms simultaneously in a single configuration |
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898 file. |
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899 |
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900 \begin{note} |
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901 If multiple repositories have the same virtual path, |
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902 \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} will not report an error. Instead, it will |
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903 behave unpredictably. |
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904 \end{note} |
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905 |
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906 \subsection{Downloading source archives} |
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907 |
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908 Mercurial's web interface lets users download an archive of any |
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909 revision. This archive will contain a snapshot of the working |
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910 directory as of that revision, but it will not contain a copy of the |
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911 repository data. |
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912 |
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913 By default, this feature is not enabled. To enable it, you'll need to |
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914 add an \rcitem{web}{allow\_archive} item to the \rcsection{web} |
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915 section of your \hgrc. |
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916 |
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917 \subsection{Web configuration options} |
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918 |
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919 Mercurial's web interfaces (the \hgcmd{serve} command, and the |
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920 \sfilename{hgweb.cgi} and \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi} scripts) have a |
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921 number of configuration options that you can set. These belong in a |
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922 section named \rcsection{web}. |
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923 \begin{itemize} |
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924 \item[\rcitem{web}{allow\_archive}] Determines which (if any) archive |
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925 download mechanisms Mercurial supports. If you enable this |
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926 feature, users of the web interface will be able to download an |
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927 archive of whatever revision of a repository they are viewing. |
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928 To enable the archive feature, this item must take the form of a |
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929 sequence of words drawn from the list below. |
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930 \begin{itemize} |
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931 \item[\texttt{bz2}] A \command{tar} archive, compressed using |
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932 \texttt{bzip2} compression. This has the best compression ratio, |
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933 but uses the most CPU time on the server. |
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934 \item[\texttt{gz}] A \command{tar} archive, compressed using |
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935 \texttt{gzip} compression. |
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936 \item[\texttt{zip}] A \command{zip} archive, compressed using LZW |
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937 compression. This format has the worst compression ratio, but is |
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938 widely used in the Windows world. |
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939 \end{itemize} |
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940 If you provide an empty list, or don't have an |
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941 \rcitem{web}{allow\_archive} entry at all, this feature will be |
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942 disabled. Here is an example of how to enable all three supported |
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943 formats. |
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944 \begin{codesample4} |
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945 [web] |
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946 allow_archive = bz2 gz zip |
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947 \end{codesample4} |
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948 \item[\rcitem{web}{allowpull}] Boolean. Determines whether the web |
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949 interface allows remote users to \hgcmd{pull} and \hgcmd{clone} this |
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950 repository over~HTTP. If set to \texttt{no} or \texttt{false}, only |
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951 the ``human-oriented'' portion of the web interface is available. |
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952 \item[\rcitem{web}{contact}] String. A free-form (but preferably |
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953 brief) string identifying the person or group in charge of the |
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954 repository. This often contains the name and email address of a |
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955 person or mailing list. It often makes sense to place this entry in |
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956 a repository's own \sfilename{.hg/hgrc} file, but it can make sense |
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957 to use in a global \hgrc\ if every repository has a single |
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958 maintainer. |
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959 \item[\rcitem{web}{maxchanges}] Integer. The default maximum number |
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960 of changesets to display in a single page of output. |
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961 \item[\rcitem{web}{maxfiles}] Integer. The default maximum number |
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962 of modified files to display in a single page of output. |
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963 \item[\rcitem{web}{stripes}] Integer. If the web interface displays |
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964 alternating ``stripes'' to make it easier to visually align rows |
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965 when you are looking at a table, this number controls the number of |
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966 rows in each stripe. |
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967 \item[\rcitem{web}{style}] Controls the template Mercurial uses to |
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968 display the web interface. Mercurial ships with two web templates, |
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969 named \texttt{default} and \texttt{gitweb} (the latter is much more |
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970 visually attractive). You can also specify a custom template of |
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971 your own; see chapter~\ref{chap:template} for details. Here, you |
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972 can see how to enable the \texttt{gitweb} style. |
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973 \begin{codesample4} |
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974 [web] |
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975 style = gitweb |
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976 \end{codesample4} |
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977 \item[\rcitem{web}{templates}] Path. The directory in which to search |
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978 for template files. By default, Mercurial searches in the directory |
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979 in which it was installed. |
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980 \end{itemize} |
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981 If you are using \sfilename{hgwebdir.cgi}, you can place a few |
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982 configuration items in a \rcsection{web} section of the |
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983 \sfilename{hgweb.config} file instead of a \hgrc\ file, for |
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984 convenience. These items are \rcitem{web}{motd} and |
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985 \rcitem{web}{style}. |
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986 |
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987 \subsubsection{Options specific to an individual repository} |
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988 |
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989 A few \rcsection{web} configuration items ought to be placed in a |
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990 repository's local \sfilename{.hg/hgrc}, rather than a user's or |
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991 global \hgrc. |
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992 \begin{itemize} |
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993 \item[\rcitem{web}{description}] String. A free-form (but preferably |
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994 brief) string that describes the contents or purpose of the |
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995 repository. |
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996 \item[\rcitem{web}{name}] String. The name to use for the repository |
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997 in the web interface. This overrides the default name, which is the |
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998 last component of the repository's path. |
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999 \end{itemize} |
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1000 |
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1001 \subsubsection{Options specific to the \hgcmd{serve} command} |
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1002 |
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1003 Some of the items in the \rcsection{web} section of a \hgrc\ file are |
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1004 only for use with the \hgcmd{serve} command. |
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1005 \begin{itemize} |
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1006 \item[\rcitem{web}{accesslog}] Path. The name of a file into which to |
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1007 write an access log. By default, the \hgcmd{serve} command writes |
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1008 this information to standard output, not to a file. Log entries are |
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1009 written in the standard ``combined'' file format used by almost all |
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1010 web servers. |
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1011 \item[\rcitem{web}{address}] String. The local address on which the |
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1012 server should listen for incoming connections. By default, the |
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1013 server listens on all addresses. |
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1014 \item[\rcitem{web}{errorlog}] Path. The name of a file into which to |
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1015 write an error log. By default, the \hgcmd{serve} command writes this |
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1016 information to standard error, not to a file. |
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1017 \item[\rcitem{web}{ipv6}] Boolean. Whether to use the IPv6 protocol. |
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1018 By default, IPv6 is not used. |
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1019 \item[\rcitem{web}{port}] Integer. The TCP~port number on which the |
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1020 server should listen. The default port number used is~8000. |
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1021 \end{itemize} |
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1022 |
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1023 \subsubsection{Choosing the right \hgrc\ file to add \rcsection{web} |
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1024 items to} |
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1025 |
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1026 It is important to remember that a web server like Apache or |
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1027 \texttt{lighttpd} will run under a user~ID that is different to yours. |
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1028 CGI scripts run by your server, such as \sfilename{hgweb.cgi}, will |
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1029 usually also run under that user~ID. |
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1030 |
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1031 If you add \rcsection{web} items to your own personal \hgrc\ file, CGI |
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1032 scripts won't read that \hgrc\ file. Those settings will thus only |
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1033 affect the behaviour of the \hgcmd{serve} command when you run it. To |
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1034 cause CGI scripts to see your settings, either create a \hgrc\ file in |
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1035 the home directory of the user ID that runs your web server, or add |
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1036 those settings to a system-wide \hgrc\ file. |
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1037 |
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1038 |
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1039 %%% Local Variables: |
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1040 %%% mode: latex |
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1041 %%% TeX-master: "00book" |
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1042 %%% End: |