annotate DOCS/xml/en/cd-dvd.xml @ 20166:0315dc1958c1

Update paragraph about libdvdcss and libdvdread.
author diego
date Thu, 12 Oct 2006 13:27:38 +0000
parents 4c6f19ae1287
children 31c1a556c294
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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2 <!-- $Revision$ -->
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3 <chapter id="cd-dvd">
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4 <title>CD/DVD usage</title>
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5
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6 <sect1 id="drives">
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7 <title>CD/DVD drives</title>
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8
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9 <para>
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10 Modern CD-ROM drives can attain very high head speeds, yet some CD-ROM drives
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11 are capable of running at reduced speeds. There are several reasons that might
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12 make you consider changing the speed of a CD-ROM drive:
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13 </para>
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14
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15 <itemizedlist>
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16 <listitem><para>
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17 There have been reports of read errors at high speeds, especially
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18 with badly pressed CD-ROMs. Reducing the speed can prevent data loss under
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19 these circumstances.
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20 </para></listitem>
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21
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22 <listitem><para>
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23 Many CD-ROM drives are annoyingly loud, a lower speed may reduce the noise.
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24 </para></listitem>
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25 </itemizedlist>
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26
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27 <sect2 id="drives_linux">
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28 <title>Linux</title>
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29
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30 <para>
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31 You can reduce the speed of IDE CD-ROM drives with <command>hdparm</command>,
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32 <command>setcd</command> or <command>cdctl</command>. It works like this:
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33 <screen>hdparm -E <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable> <replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable></screen>
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34 <screen>setcd -x <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable> <replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable></screen>
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35 <screen>cdctl -bS <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable></screen>
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36 </para>
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37
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38 <para>
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39 If you are using SCSI emulation, you might have to apply the settings to the
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40 real IDE device, not the emulated SCSI device.
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41 </para>
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42
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43 <para>
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44 If you have root privileges the following command may also help:
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45 <screen>echo file_readahead:2000000 &gt; /proc/ide/<replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable>/settings</screen>
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46 </para>
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47
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48 <para>
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49 This sets prefetched file reading to 2MB, which helps with scratched CD-ROMs.
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50 If you set it to too high, the drive will continuously spin up and down, and
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51 will dramatically decrease the performance.
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52 It is recommended that you also tune your CD-ROM drive with <command>hdparm</command>:
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53 <screen>hdparm -d1 -a8 -u1 <replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable></screen>
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54 </para>
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55
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56 <para>
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57 This enables DMA access, read-ahead, and IRQ unmasking (read the <command>hdparm</command>
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58 man page for a detailed explanation).
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59 </para>
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60
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61 <para>
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62 Please refer to &quot;<filename>/proc/ide/<replaceable>cdrom device</replaceable>/settings&quot;</filename>
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63 for fine-tuning your CD-ROM.
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64 </para>
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65
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66 <para>
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67 SCSI drives do not have a uniform way of setting these parameters (Do you know one?
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68 Tell us!) There is a tool that works for
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69 <ulink url="http://das.ist.org/~georg/">Plextor SCSI drives</ulink>.
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70 </para>
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71
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72 </sect2>
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73
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74
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75 <sect2 id="drives_freebsd">
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76 <title>FreeBSD</title>
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77
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78 <para>speed:
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79 <screen>
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80 cdcontrol [-f <replaceable>device</replaceable>] speed <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable>
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81 </screen>
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82 </para>
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83
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84 <para>DMA:
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85 <screen>
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86 sysctl hw.ata.atapi_dma=1
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87 </screen>
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88 </para>
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89
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90 </sect2>
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91
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92 </sect1>
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93
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94
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95
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96 <sect1 id="dvd">
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97 <title>DVD playback</title>
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98 <para>
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99 For the complete list of available options, please read the man page.
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100 The Syntax for a standard Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) is as follows:
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101 <screen>mplayer dvd://<replaceable>&lt;track&gt;</replaceable> [-dvd-device <replaceable>&lt;device&gt;</replaceable>]</screen>
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102 </para>
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103
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104 <para>
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105 Example:
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106 <screen>mplayer dvd://<replaceable>1</replaceable> -dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable></screen>
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107 </para>
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108
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109 <para>
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110 If you have compiled <application>MPlayer</application> with dvdnav support, the
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111 syntax is the same, except that you need to use dvdnav:// instead of dvd://.
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112 </para>
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113
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114 <para>
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115 The default DVD device is <filename>/dev/dvd</filename>. If your setup
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116 differs, make a symlink or specify the correct device on the command
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117 line with the <option>-dvd-device</option> option.
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118 </para>
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119
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120 <para>
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121 <application>MPlayer</application> uses <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> and
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122 <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem> for DVD decryption and playback. These two
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123 libraries are contained in the <filename class="directory">libmpdvdkit2</filename>
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124 subdirectory of the <application>MPlayer</application> source tree, you do not have
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125 to install them separately.
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126 </para>
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127
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128 <para>
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129 <application>MPlayer</application> can also use system-wide <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem>
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130 and <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem> libraries, but this solution is
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131 <emphasis role="bold">not</emphasis> recommended, as it can result in bugs,
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132 library incompatibilities and slower speed.
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133 </para>
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134
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135 <note><para>
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136 In case of DVD decoding problems, try disabling supermount, or any other such
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137 facilities. Some RPC-2 drives may also require setting the region code.
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138 </para></note>
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139
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140 <formalpara>
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141 <title>DVD structure</title>
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142 <para>
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143 DVD disks have 2048 bytes per sector with ECC/CRC. They usually have an UDF
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144 filesystem on a single track, containing various files (small .IFO and .BUK
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145 files and big (1GB) .VOB files). They are real files and can be copied/played
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146 from the mounted filesystem of an unencrypted DVD.
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147 </para>
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148 </formalpara>
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149
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150 <para>
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151 The .IFO files contain the movie navigation information (chapter/title/angle
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152 map, language table, etc) and are needed to read and interpret the .VOB content
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153 (movie). The .BUK files are backups of them. They use
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154 <emphasis role="bold">sectors</emphasis> everywhere, so you need to use raw
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155 addressing of sectors of the disc to implement DVD navigation or decrypt the
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156 content.
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157 </para>
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158
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159 <para>
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160 DVD support needs raw sector-based access to the device. Unfortunately you must
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161 (under Linux) be root to get the sector address of a file. That's why we don't
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162 use the kernel's filesystem driver at all, instead we reimplement it in
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163 userspace. <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> 0.9.x and
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164 <systemitem>libmpdvdkit</systemitem> do this. The kernel UDF filesystem driver
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165 is not needed as they already have their own builtin UDF filesystem driver.
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166 Also the DVD does not have to be mounted as only the raw sector-based access is
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167 used.
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168 </para>
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169
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170 <para>
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171 Sometimes <filename>/dev/dvd</filename> cannot be read by users, so the
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172 <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> authors implemented an emulation layer
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173 which transfers sector addresses to filenames+offsets, to emulate raw
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174 access on top of a mounted filesystem or even on a hard disk.
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175 </para>
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176
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177 <para>
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178 <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> even accepts the mountpoint instead of
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179 the device name for raw access and checks <filename>/proc/mounts</filename>
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180 to get the device name. It was developed for Solaris, where device names
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181 are dynamically allocated.
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182 </para>
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183
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184 <para>
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185 The default DVD device is <filename>/dev/dvd</filename>. If your setup differs,
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186 make a symlink, or specify the correct device on the command line with the
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187 <option>-dvd-device</option> option.
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188 </para>
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189
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190 <formalpara>
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191 <title>DVD authentication</title>
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192 <para>
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193 The authentication and decryption method of the new-style DVD support is done
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194 using a patched <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem> (see above). The method can
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195 be specified through the environment variable <envar>DVDCSS_METHOD</envar>,
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196 which can be set to key, disk or title.
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197 </para>
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198 </formalpara>
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199
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200 <para>
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201 If nothing is specified it tries the following methods (default: key,
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202 title request):
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203 </para>
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204
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205 <orderedlist>
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206 <listitem><para>
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207 <emphasis role="bold">bus key</emphasis>: This key is negotiated during
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208 authentication (a long mix of ioctls and various key exchanges, crypto
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209 stuff) and is used to encrypt the title and disk keys before sending them
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210 over the unprotected bus (to prevent eavesdropping). The bus key is needed
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211 to get and predecrypt the crypted disk key.
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212 </para></listitem>
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213
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214 <listitem><para>
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215 <emphasis role="bold">cached key</emphasis>: <application>MPlayer</application>
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216 looks for already cracked title keys which are stored in the
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217 <filename class="directory">~/.mplayer/DVDKeys</filename> directory (fast ;).
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218 </para></listitem>
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219
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220 <listitem><para>
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221 <emphasis role="bold">key</emphasis>: If no cached key is available,
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222 <application>MPlayer</application> tries to decrypt the disk key with a set
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223 of included player keys.
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224 </para></listitem>
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225
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226 <listitem><para>
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227 <emphasis role="bold">disk</emphasis>: If the key method fails
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228 (e.g. no included player keys), <application>MPlayer</application>
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229 will crack the disk key using a brute force algorithm. This process
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230 is CPU intensive and requires 64 MB of memory (16M 32Bit entries hash
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231 table) to store temporary data. This method should always work (slow).
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232 </para></listitem>
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233
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234 <listitem><para>
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235 <emphasis role="bold">title request</emphasis>: With the disk key
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236 <application>MPlayer</application> requests the crypted title keys,
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237 which are inside <emphasis>hidden sectors</emphasis> using <systemitem>ioctl()</systemitem>.
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238 The region protection of RPC-2 drives is performed in this step and may fail on such drives.
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239 If it succeeds, the title keys will be decrypted with the bus and disk key.
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240 </para></listitem>
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241
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242 <listitem><para>
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243 <emphasis role="bold">title</emphasis>: This method is used if the title
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244 request failed and does not rely on any key exchange with the DVD drive.
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245 It uses a crypto attack to guess the title key directly (by finding a
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246 repeating pattern in the decrypted VOB content and guessing that the
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247 plain text corresponding to the first encrypted bytes is a continuation
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248 of that pattern). The method is also known as &quot;known plaintext attack&quot;
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249 or &quot;DeCSSPlus&quot;. In rare cases this may fail because there is not
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250 enough encrypted data on the disk to perform a statistical attack or because
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251 the key changes in the middle of a title. This method is the only way to
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252 decrypt a DVD stored on a hard disk or a DVD with the wrong region on an
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253 RPC2 drive (slow).
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254 </para></listitem>
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255 </orderedlist>
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256
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257 <para>
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258 RPC-1 DVD drives only protect region settings through software. RPC-2 drives
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259 have a hardware protection that allows 5 changes only. It might be
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260 needed/recommended to upgrade the firmware to RPC-1 if you have a RPC-2 DVD
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261 drive. You can try finding firmware upgrades for your drive on the internet,
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262 <ulink url="http://forum.rpc-1.com/dl_all.php">this firmware forum</ulink>
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263 may be a good starting point for your search.
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264 If there is no firmware upgrade available for your device, use the
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265 <ulink url="http://linvdr.org/projects/regionset/">regionset tool</ulink>
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266 to set the region code of your DVD drive (under Linux).
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267 <emphasis role="bold">Warning</emphasis>: You can only set the region 5 times.
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268 </para>
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269 </sect1>
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270
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271
aa466b84b1d3 Slightly restructured, mention more tools, small fixes, cosmetics.
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272
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273 <sect1 id="vcd">
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274 <title>VCD playback</title>
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275 <para>
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276 For the complete list of available options, please read the man page. The Syntax for a
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277 standard Video CD (VCD) is as follows:
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278 <screen>mplayer vcd://<replaceable>&lt;track&gt;</replaceable> [-cdrom-device <replaceable>&lt;device&gt;</replaceable>]</screen>
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279 Example:
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280 <screen>mplayer vcd://<replaceable>2</replaceable> -cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable></screen>
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281 The default VCD device is <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename>. If your setup
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282 differs, make a symlink or specify the correct device on the command line
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283 with the <option>-cdrom-device</option> option.
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284 </para>
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285
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286 <note><para>
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287 At least Plextor and some Toshiba SCSI CD-ROM drives have horrible performance
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288 reading VCDs. This is because the CDROMREADRAW <systemitem>ioctl</systemitem>
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289 is not fully implemented for these drives. If you have some knowledge of SCSI
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290 programming, please <ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">help us</ulink>
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291 implement generic SCSI support for VCDs.
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292 </para></note>
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293
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294 <para>
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295 In the meantime you can extract data from VCDs with
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296 <ulink url="http://ftp.ntut.edu.tw/ftp/OS/Linux/packages/X/viewers/readvcd/">readvcd</ulink>
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297 and play the resulting file with <application>MPlayer</application>.
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298 </para>
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299
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300 <formalpara>
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301 <title>VCD structure</title>
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302
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303 <para>
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304 A Video CD (VCD) is made up of CD-ROM XA sectors, i.e. CD-ROM mode 2
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305 form 1 and 2 tracks:</para>
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306 </formalpara>
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307
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308 <itemizedlist>
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309 <listitem><para>
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310 The first track is in mode 2 form 2 format which means it uses L2
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311 error correction. The track contains an ISO-9660 filesystem with 2048
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312 bytes/sector. This filesystem contains VCD metadata information, as
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313 well as still frames often used in menus. MPEG segments for menus can
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314 also be stored in this first track, but the MPEGs have to be broken up
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315 into a series of 150-sector chunks. The ISO-9660 filesystem may
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316 contain other files or programs that are not essential for VCD
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317 operation.
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318 </para></listitem>
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319
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320 <listitem><para>
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321 The second and remaining tracks are generally raw 2324 bytes/sector
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322 MPEG (movie) tracks, containing one MPEG PS data packet per
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323 sector. These are in mode 2 form 1 format, so they store more data per
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324 sector at the loss of some error correction. It is also legal to have
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325 CD-DA tracks in a VCD after the first track as well.
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326 On some operating systems there is some trickery that goes on to make
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327 these non-ISO-9660 tracks appear in a filesystem. On other operating
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328 systems like GNU/Linux this is not the case (yet). Here the MPEG data
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329 <emphasis role="bold">cannot be mounted</emphasis>. As most movies are
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330 inside this kind of track, you should try <option>vcd://2</option>
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331 first.</para></listitem>
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332
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333 <listitem><para>
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334 There exist VCD disks without the first track (single track and no filesystem
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335 at all). They are still playable, but cannot be mounted.
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336 </para></listitem>
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337
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338 <listitem><para> The definition of the Video CD standard is called the
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339 Philips "White Book" and it is not generally available online as it
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340 must be purchased from Philips. More detailed information about Video
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341 CDs can be found in the
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342 <ulink url="http://www.vcdimager.org/pub/vcdimager/manuals/0.7/vcdimager.html#SEC4">vcdimager documentation</ulink>.
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343 </para></listitem>
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344
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345 </itemizedlist>
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346
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347 <formalpara>
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348 <title>About .DAT files</title>
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349 <para>
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350 The ~600 MB file visible on the first track of the mounted VCD is not a real
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351 file! It is a so called ISO gateway, created to allow Windows to handle such
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352 tracks (Windows does not allow raw device access to applications at all).
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353 Under Linux you cannot copy or play such files (they contain garbage). Under
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354 Windows it is possible as its iso9660 driver emulates the raw reading of
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355 tracks in this file. To play a .DAT file you need the kernel driver which can
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356 be found in the Linux version of PowerDVD. It has a modified iso9660 filesystem
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357 (<filename>vcdfs/isofs-2.4.X.o</filename>) driver, which is able to emulate the
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358 raw tracks through this shadow .DAT file. If you mount the disc using their
9776
861a40949bf3 fixes, some by Dmitry Baryshkov <lumag@qnc.ru>, some by me
nicolas
parents: 9675
diff changeset
359 driver, you can copy and even play .DAT files with <application>MPlayer</application>. But it will not
10184
b6c63ab184a4 Changed a few remaining -dvd and -vcd options to dvd:// and vcd://.
diego
parents: 9776
diff changeset
360 work with the standard iso9660 driver of the Linux kernel! Use
b6c63ab184a4 Changed a few remaining -dvd and -vcd options to dvd:// and vcd://.
diego
parents: 9776
diff changeset
361 <option>vcd://</option> instead. Alternatives for VCD copying are the
9675
62c5a17038ba XML version of MPlayer's doc
nicolas
parents:
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362 new <ulink url="http://www.elis.rug.ac.be/~ronsse/cdfs/">cdfs</ulink> kernel
62c5a17038ba XML version of MPlayer's doc
nicolas
parents:
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363 driver (not part of the official kernel) that shows CD sessions as image files and
13976
86a47a27562f URL updates with some help by Gabor Mizda
diego
parents: 13973
diff changeset
364 <ulink url="http://cdrdao.sf.net/">cdrdao</ulink>, a bit-by-bit
9675
62c5a17038ba XML version of MPlayer's doc
nicolas
parents:
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365 CD grabbing/copying application.
62c5a17038ba XML version of MPlayer's doc
nicolas
parents:
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366 </para>
62c5a17038ba XML version of MPlayer's doc
nicolas
parents:
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367 </formalpara>
62c5a17038ba XML version of MPlayer's doc
nicolas
parents:
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368 </sect1>
62c5a17038ba XML version of MPlayer's doc
nicolas
parents:
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369 </chapter>