annotate DOCS/xml/cs/mencoder.xml @ 18439:1ae44269c7a1

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author gabrov
date Thu, 11 May 2006 15:12:29 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-2"?>
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2 <!-- Synced with: 1.103 -->
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3 <chapter id="mencoder">
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4 <title>Základní použití <application>MEncoder</application>u</title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 Úplný seznam dostupných voleb a příkladů pro <application>MEncoder</application>
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8 naleznete v man stránce. Řadu užitečných příkladů a podrobných návodů pro
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9 použití mnoha enkódovacích voleb naleznete v
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10 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">tipech pro enkódování</ulink>, které
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11 byly získány z několika diskusí v konferenci MPlayer-users. Prohledejte
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12 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">archivy</ulink>,
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13 chcete-li bohatost diskusí o všech aspektech a problémech vztažených
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14 k enkódování <application>MEncoder</application>em.
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15 </para>
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16
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17 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-codec">
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18 <title>Výběr kodeků a nosných formátů</title>
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19
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20 <para>
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21 Audio a video kodeky pro enkódování jsou vybírány příslušnými volbami
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22 <option>-oac</option> a <option>-ovc</option> options.
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23 Napište například:
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24 <screen>mencoder -ovc help</screen>
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25 pro seznam video kodeků podporovaných verzí programu
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26 <application>MEncoder</application> na vašem počítači.
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27 Dostupné jsou následující možnosti:
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28 </para>
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29 <para>
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30 Audio (zvukové) kodeky:
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31
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32 <informaltable frame="all">
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33 <tgroup cols="2">
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34 <thead>
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35 <row><entry>Jméno audio kodeku</entry><entry>Popis</entry></row>
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36 </thead>
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37 <tbody>
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38 <row>
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39 <entry>mp3lame</entry>
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40 <entry>Enkóduje do VBR, ABR nebo CBR MP3 pomocí LAME</entry>
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41 </row>
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42 <row>
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43 <entry>lavc</entry>
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44 <entry>Použije se některý z
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45 <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-audio-codecs">
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46 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> audio kodeků</link>
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47 </entry>
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48 </row>
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49 <row>
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50 <entry>faac</entry>
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51 <entry>FAAC AAC audio enkodér</entry>
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52 </row>
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53 <row>
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54 <entry>toolame</entry>
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55 <entry>Enkodér MPEG Audio Layer 2</entry>
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56 </row>
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57 <row>
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58 <entry>twolame</entry>
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59 <entry>Enkodér MPEG Audio Layer 2 založený na tooLAME</entry>
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60 </row>
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61 <row>
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62 <entry>pcm</entry>
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63 <entry>Nekomprimovaný PCM zvuk</entry>
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64 </row>
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65 <row>
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66 <entry>copy</entry>
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67 <entry>Nereenkóduje, pouze kopíruje komprimované vzorky</entry>
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68 </row>
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69 </tbody>
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70 </tgroup>
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71 </informaltable>
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72 </para>
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73
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74 <para>
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75 Video kodeky:
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76 <informaltable frame="all">
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77 <tgroup cols="2">
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78 <thead>
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79 <row><entry>Jméno video kodeku</entry><entry>Popis</entry></row>
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80 </thead>
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81 <tbody>
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82 <row>
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83 <entry>lavc</entry>
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84 <entry>Použije se některý z
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85 <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-video-codecs">
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86 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> video kodeků</link>
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87 </entry>
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88 </row>
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89 <row>
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90 <entry>xvid</entry>
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91 <entry>XviD, MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) kodek</entry>
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92 </row>
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93 <row>
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94 <entry>x264</entry>
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95 <entry>x264, MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), alias H.264 kodek</entry>
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96 </row>
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97 <row>
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98 <entry>nuv</entry>
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99 <entry>nuppel video, používaný některými realtime aplikacemi</entry>
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100 </row>
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101 <row>
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102 <entry>raw</entry>
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103 <entry>Nekomprimované videosnímky</entry>
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104 </row>
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105 <row>
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106 <entry>copy</entry>
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107 <entry>Nereenkóduje, pouze kopíruje komprimované snímky</entry>
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108 </row>
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109 <row>
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110 <entry>frameno</entry>
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111 <entry>Použité pro 3-průchodové enkódování (nedoporučujeme)</entry>
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112 </row>
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113 </tbody>
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114 </tgroup>
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115 </informaltable>
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116 </para>
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117 <para>
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118 Výstupní nosný formát je vybírán volbou <option>-of</option>.
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119 Zadejte:
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120 <screen>mencoder -of help</screen>
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121 pro seznam všech nosných formátů podporovaných verzí programu
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122 <application>MEncoder</application> na vašem počítači.
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123 Dostupné jsou následující možnosti:
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124 </para>
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125 <para>
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126 Nosné formáty:
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127 <informaltable frame="all">
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128 <tgroup cols="2">
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129 <thead>
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130 <row><entry>Název nosného formátu</entry><entry>Popis</entry></row>
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131 </thead>
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132 <tbody>
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133 <row>
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134 <entry>lavf</entry>
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135 <entry>Jeden z nosných formátů podporovaných
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136 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem></entry>
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137 </row>
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138 <row>
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139 <entry>avi</entry>
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140 <entry>Audio-Video Interleaved (Prokládané audio s videem)</entry>
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141 </row>
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142 <row>
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143 <entry>mpeg</entry>
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144 <entry>MPEG-1 a MPEG-2 PS</entry>
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145 </row>
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146 <row>
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147 <entry>rawvideo</entry>
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148 <entry>surový (raw) video datový proud (žádný muxing &ndash; pouze jeden
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149 video proud)</entry>
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150 </row>
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151 <row>
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152 <entry>rawaudio</entry>
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153 <entry>surový (raw) audio datový proud (žádný muxing &ndash; pouze jeden
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154 audio proud)</entry>
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155 </row>
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156 </tbody>
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157 </tgroup>
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158 </informaltable>
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159 Nosný formát AVI je nativním nosným formátem
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160 <application>MEncoder</application>u, což znamená, že je tím, který je nejlépe
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161 zpracován a pro nějž byl <application>MEncoder</application>
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162 navržen.
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163 Jak bylo zmíněno, ostatní nosné formáty jsou použitelné, ale můžete
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164 při jejich použití narazit na problémy.
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165 </para>
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166
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167 <para>
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168 Nosné formáty <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>:
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169 </para>
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170 <para>
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171 Pokud jste si zvolili <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>
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172 pro provádění muxování výstupního souboru (pomocí <option>-of lavf</option>),
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173 příslušný nosný formát bude určen z přípony výstupního souboru.
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174 Můžete vynutit určitý nosný formát pomocí parametru <option>format</option>
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175 knihovny <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>.
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176
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177 <informaltable frame="all">
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178 <tgroup cols="2">
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179 <thead>
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180 <row><entry>Název <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> nosného formátu</entry><entry>Popis</entry></row>
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181 </thead>
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182 <tbody>
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183 <row>
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184 <entry>mpg</entry>
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185 <entry>MPEG-1 a MPEG-2 PS</entry>
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186 </row>
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187 <row>
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188 <entry>asf</entry>
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189 <entry>Advanced Streaming Format</entry>
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190 </row>
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191 <row>
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192 <entry>avi</entry>
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193 <entry>Audio-Video Interleaved</entry>
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194 </row>
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195 <row>
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196 <entry>wav</entry>
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197 <entry>Waveform Audio</entry>
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198 </row>
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199 <row>
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200 <entry>swf</entry>
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201 <entry>Macromedia Flash</entry>
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202 </row>
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203 <row>
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204 <entry>flv</entry>
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205 <entry>Macromedia Flash video</entry>
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206 </row>
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207 <row>
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208 <entry>rm</entry>
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209 <entry>RealMedia</entry>
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210 </row>
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211 <row>
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212 <entry>au</entry>
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213 <entry>SUN AU</entry>
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214 </row>
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215 <row>
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216 <entry>nut</entry>
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217 <entry>otevřený nosný formát NUT (experimentální a dosud neslučitelný se specifikací)</entry>
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218 </row>
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219 <row>
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220 <entry>mov</entry>
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221 <entry>QuickTime</entry>
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222 </row>
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223 <row>
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224 <entry>mp4</entry>
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225 <entry>formát MPEG-4</entry>
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226 </row>
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227 <row>
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228 <entry>dv</entry>
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229 <entry>Sony Digital Video</entry>
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230 </row>
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231 </tbody>
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232 </tgroup>
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233 </informaltable>
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234 Jak vidíte, <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>
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235 umožňuje <application>MEncoder</application>u muxovat do velkého množství
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236 nosných formátů.
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237 Naneštěstí, jelikož <application>MEncoder</application> nebyl od počátku
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238 navržen pro podporu jiných nosných formátů než AVI, měli byste být
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239 paranoidní ve vstahu k výstupnímu souboru.
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240 Ověřte si prosím pro jistotu, že audio/video synchronizace je OK
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241 a soubor lze správně přehrát i jinými přehrávači, než
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242 <application>MPlayer</application>.
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243 </para>
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244
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245 <informalexample>
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246 <para>Příklad:</para>
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247 <para>
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248 Vytvoření Macromedia Flash videa vhodného pro přehrávání ve webovém prohlížeči
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249 pomocí Macromedia Flash pluginu:
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250 <screen>
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251 mencoder <replaceable>vstupní.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>výstupní.flv</replaceable> -of lavf -oac mp3lame -lameopts abr:br=56 -ovc lavc \
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252 -lavcopts vcodec=flv:vbitrate=500:mbd=2:mv0:trell:v4mv:cbp:last_pred=3 \
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253 -srate 22050
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254 </screen>
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255 </para>
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256 </informalexample>
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257
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258 </sect1>
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259
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260
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261 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-input">
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262 <title>Výběr vstupního souboru nebo zařízení</title>
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263
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264 <para>
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265 <application>MEncoder</application> umí enkódovat ze souborů nebo přímo z
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266 DVD či VCD disku.
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267 Vložte na příkazovém řádku jméno souboru pro enkódování souboru,
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268 nebo <option>dvd://</option><replaceable>číslo_titulu</replaceable> nebo
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269 <option>vcd://</option><replaceable>číslo_stopy</replaceable> pro enkódování
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270 DVD titulu či VCD stopy.
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271 Máte-li již zkopírováno DVD na hard disk (k tomu můžete použít nástroj jako
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272 <application>dvdbackup</application>, dostupný na mnoha systémech),
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273 a chcete enkódovat z kopie, měli byste i zde použít syntaxi
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274 <option>dvd://</option> ve spojení s volbou <option>-dvd-device</option>
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275 následovanou cestou do kořenového adresáře skopírovaného DVD.
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276
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277 Volby <option>-dvd-device</option> a <option>-cdrom-device</option>
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278 lze rovněž použít k přenastavení cest k souborům zařízení pro přímé
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279 čtení disků, pokud výchozí
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280 <filename>/dev/dvd</filename> a <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename> na vašem
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281 systému nepracují.
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282 </para>
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283 <para>
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284 Enkódujete-li z DVD, je často vhodné vybrat kapitolu nebo rozsah
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285 kapitol k enkódování.
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286 Pro tento účel můžete použít volbu <option>-chapter</option>.
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287 Například s volbou <option>-chapter</option> <replaceable>1-4</replaceable>
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288 se budou z DVD enkódovat pouze kapitoly 1 až 4.
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289 To se zvlášť hodí, pokud budete enkódovat film na velikost 1400 MB
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290 určený pro dvě CD, jelikož budete mít jistotu, že zlom nastane přesně
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291 na hranici kapitol místo uprostřed scény.
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292 </para>
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293 <para>
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294 Pokud máte podporovanou TV zachytávací kartu, můžete rovněž enkódovat ze
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295 zařízení TV vstupu.
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296 Použijte <option>tv://</option><replaceable>číslo_kanálu</replaceable> jako
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297 jméno souboru a volbu <option>-tv</option> pro konfiguraci různých nastavení
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298 zachytávání.
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299 Vstup z DVB pracuje obdobně.
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300 </para>
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301 </sect1>
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302
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303
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304 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4">
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305 <title>Dvouprůchodové enkódování MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;)</title>
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306
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307 <para>
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308 Název vychází z faktu, že soubor je enkódován <emphasis>dvakrát</emphasis>.
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309 První enkódování (dubbed pass) vytvoří dočasné soubory
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310 (<filename>*.log</filename>) velikosti několika megabajtů, které zatím nemažte
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311 (můžete smazat AVI, nebo raději žádné nevytvářejte a přesměrujte je do
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312 <filename>/dev/null</filename>).
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313 Ve druhém průchodu je vytvořen dvouprůchodový výstupní
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314 soubor s použitím řízení datového toku z dočasných souborů. Výsledný soubor
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315 bude mít lepší kvalitu obrazu. Pokud jste o tom teď slyšeli poprvé, měli byste
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316 si prostudovat některé návody dostupné na netu.
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317 </para>
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318
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319 <example>
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320 <title>Kopírování zvukové stopy</title>
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321 <para>
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322 Dvouprůchodové enkódování druhé stopy z DVD do MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;)
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323 AVI zatímco se zvuk pouze zkopíruje.
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324 <screen>
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325 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o /dev/null
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326 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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327 </screen>
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328 </para>
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329 </example>
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330
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331 <example>
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332 <title>Enkódování zvukové stopy</title>
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333 <para>
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334 Dvouprůchodové enkódování DVD do MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) AVI a současně
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335 enkódování zvukové stopy do MP3.
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336 Při této metodě buďte opatrní, jelikož v některých případech může vést k rozjetí
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337 zvuku s videem.
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338 <screen>
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339 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o /dev/null
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340 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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341 </screen>
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342 </para>
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343 </example>
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344 </sect1>
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345
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346 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg">
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347 <title>Enkódování do MPEG formátu</title>
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348 <para>
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349 <application>MEncoder</application> umí vytvořit výstupní soubor formátu
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350 MPEG (MPEG-PS).
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351 Pokud používáte MPEG-1 nebo MPEG-2 video, obvykle je to proto, že enkódujete
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352 pro omezený formát jako je SVCD, VCD nebo DVD.
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353 Konkrétní požadavky těchto formátů jsou objasněny v sekci
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354 <link linkend="menc-feat-vcd-dvd">návod pro vytvoření VCD a DVD</link>.
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355 </para>
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356
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357 <para>
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358 Výstupní souborový formát <application>MEncoder</application>u změníte použitím
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359 volby <option>-of mpeg</option>.
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360 </para>
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361
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362 <informalexample>
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363 <para>
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364 Příklad:
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365 <screen>
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366 mencoder <replaceable>vstup.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video -oac copy <replaceable>další_volby</replaceable> -o <replaceable>výstup.mpg</replaceable>
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367 </screen>
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368 Vytvoření MPEG-1 souboru vhodného pro přehrávání na systémech s minimální
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369 podporou multimédií, jako je výchozí instalace Windows:
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370 <screen>
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371 mencoder <replaceable>vstup.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -mpegopts format=mpeg1:tsaf:muxrate=2000 -o <replaceable>výstup.mpg</replaceable> -oac lavc -ovc lavc \
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372 -lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224:vcodec=mpeg1video:vbitrate=1152:keyint=15:mbd=2:aspect=4/3
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373 </screen>
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374 </para>
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375 </informalexample>
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376
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377 <note><title>Tip:</title>
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378 <para>
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379 Pokud vás z nějakého důvodu neuspokojí kvalita videa z druhého průchodu,
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380 můžete znovu spustit enkódování videa s jiným cílovým datovým tokem, s tím,
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381 že máte uložen soubor se statistikami z předchozího průchodu.
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382 To je možné proto, že cílem statistického souboru je především zaznamenat
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383 komplexitu každého snímku, která příliš nezávisí na datovém toku.
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384 Povšimněte si, že ačkoli nejvyšší kvality dosáhnete pokud všechny
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385 průchody poběží při stejném datovém toku, tak se výsledek příliš neliší.
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386 </para>
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387 </note>
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388
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389 </sect1>
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390
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391 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale">
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392 <title>Škálování (změna velikosti) filmů</title>
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393
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394 <para>
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395 Často potřebujeme změnit velikost obrázků ve filmu a to z mnoha důvodů: zmenšení
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396 souboru, zátěže sítě atd. Mnoho lidí dokonce mění velikost při převodu DVD nebo
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397 SVCD do DivX AVI. Pokud si přejete video přeškálovat, přečtěte si sekci
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398 <link linkend="aspect">Zachování poměru stran</link>.
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399 </para>
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400
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401 <para>
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402 Samotný proces škálování je prováděn video filtrem <literal>scale</literal>:
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403 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>šířka</replaceable>:<replaceable>výška</replaceable></option>.
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404 Jeho kvalita může být nastavena volbou <option>-sws</option>.
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405 Pokud ji neuvedete, <application>MEncoder</application> použije 2: bikubickou.
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406 </para>
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407
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408 <para>
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409 Použití:
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410 <screen>
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411 mencoder <replaceable>vstup.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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412 </screen>
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413 </para>
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414 </sect1>
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415
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416
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417 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy">
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418 <title>Proudové kopírování</title>
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419
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420 <para>
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421 <application>MEncoder</application> může zpracovat vstupní datové proudy dvěma
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422 způsoby:
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423 <emphasis role="bold">enkóduje</emphasis> je, nebo je
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424 <emphasis role="bold">kopíruje</emphasis>. Tato část je o
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425 <emphasis role="bold">kopírování</emphasis>.
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426 </para>
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427
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428 <itemizedlist>
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429 <listitem><para>
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430 <emphasis role="bold">Video proud</emphasis> (volba <option>-ovc copy</option>):
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431 můžete dělat pěkné věci :) Jako umístění (nikoli konverze!) FLI nebo VIVO nebo
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432 MPEG-1 videa do AVI souboru! Samozřejmě takové soubory přehraje pouze
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433 <application>MPlayer</application> :) A proto to nejspíš nemá žádnou rozumnou
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434 hodnotu. A teď vážně: kopírování video proudu může být užitečné například
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435 tehdy, když má být enkódován pouze zvuk (např. nekomprimovaný PCM do MP3).
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436 </para></listitem>
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437 <listitem><para>
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438 <emphasis role="bold">Audio proud</emphasis> (volba <option>-oac copy</option>):
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439 jednoduché. Je možné vzít externí zvukový soubor (MP3, WAV) a namultiplexovat
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440 jej do výstupního proudu. K tomu použijte volbu
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441 <option>-audiofile <replaceable>soubor</replaceable></option>.
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442 </para></listitem>
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443 </itemizedlist>
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444
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445 <para>
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446 Použití <option>-oac copy</option> pro kopírování z jednoho nosného fomátu
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447 do jiného může vyžadovat použití <option>-fafmttag</option> pro zachování
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448 příznaku formátu zvuku původního souboru.
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449 Například pokud konvertujete NSV soubor a AAC zvukem do nosného formátu AVI,
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450 bude příznak formátu zvuku nesprávný a bude jej nutno změnit.
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451 Seznam příznaků audio formátu naleznete v souboru
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452 <filename>codecs.conf</filename>.
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453 </para>
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454
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455 <para>
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456 Příklad:
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457 <screen>
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458 mencoder <replaceable>vstupní.nsv</replaceable> -oac copy -fafmttag 0x706D -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -o <replaceable>výstupní.avi</replaceable>
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459 </screen>
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460 </para>
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461
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462 </sect1>
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463
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464
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465 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images">
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466 <title>Enkódování z množství vstupních obrázkových souborů (JPEG, PNG, TGA, SGI)</title>
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467
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468 <para>
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469 <application>MEncoder</application> je schopen vytvořit film z jednoho nebo více
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470 JPEG, PNG nebo TGA souborů. Pomocí jednoduchého snímkového kopírování může
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471 vytvořit MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) nebo MTGA (Motion TGA) soubory.
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472 </para>
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473
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474 <orderedlist>
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475 <title>Vysvětlení procesu:</title>
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476 <listitem><para>
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477 <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>dekóduje</emphasis> vstupní
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478 soubor(y) pomocí knihovny <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem>
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479 (když dekóduje PNG, použije <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>).
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480 </para></listitem>
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481 <listitem><para>
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482 Potom <application>MEncoder</application> nakrmí dekódovaný snímek do
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483 zvoleného video kompresoru (DivX4, XviD, FFmpeg msmpeg4, atd).
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484 </para></listitem>
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485 </orderedlist>
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486
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487 <formalpara>
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488 <title>Příklady</title>
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489 <para>
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490 Vysvětlení volby <option>-mf</option> je v man stránce.
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491
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492 <informalexample>
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493 <para>
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494 Vytvoření MPEG-4 souboru ze všech JPEG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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495 <screen>
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496 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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497 </screen>
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498 </para>
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499 </informalexample>
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500
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501 <informalexample>
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502 <para>
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503 Vytvoření MPEG-4 souboru z některých JPEG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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504 <screen>
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505 mencoder mf://<replaceable>snímek001.jpg,snímek002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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506 </screen>
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507 </para>
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508 </informalexample>
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509
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510 <informalexample>
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511 <para>
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512 Vytvoření MPEG-4 souboru ze seznamu vyjmenovaných JPEG souborů
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513 (seznam.txt v aktuálním adresáři obsahuje seznam souborů k použití
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514 jako zdroj, každý soubor na samostatném řádku):
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515 <screen>
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516 mencoder mf://<replaceable>@seznam.txt</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg \
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517 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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518 </screen>
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519 </para>
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520 </informalexample>
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521
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522 <informalexample>
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523 <para>
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524 Vytvoření Motion JPEG (MJPEG) souboru ze všech JPEG souborů v aktuálním
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525 adresáři:
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526 <screen>
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527 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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528 </screen>
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529 </para>
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530 </informalexample>
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531
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532 <informalexample>
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533 <para>
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534 Vytvoření nekomprimovaného souboru ze všech PNG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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535 <screen>
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536 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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537 </screen>
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538 </para>
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539 </informalexample>
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540
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541 <note><para>
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542 Šířka musí být celé číslo násobek 4, to je dáno omezením RAW RGB AVI formátu.
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543 </para></note>
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544
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545 <informalexample>
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546 <para>
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547 Vytvoření Motion PNG (MPNG) souboru ze všech PNG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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548 <screen>
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549 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable> <!--
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550 --></screen>
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551 </para>
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552 </informalexample>
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553
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554 <informalexample>
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555 <para>
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556 Vytvoření Motion TGA (MTGA) souboru ze všech TGA souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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557 <screen>
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558 mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable><!--
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559 --></screen>
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560 </para>
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561 </informalexample>
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562
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563 </para>
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564 </formalpara>
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565 </sect1>
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566
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567
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568 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub">
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569 <title>Extrakce DVD titulků do VOBsub souboru</title>
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570
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571 <para>
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572 <application>MEncoder</application> je schopen vyextrahovat titulky z DVD do
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573 VOBsub formátovaných souborů. Ty sestávají ze dvou souborů zakončených
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574 <filename>.idx</filename> a <filename>.sub</filename> a jsou obvykle zabaleny
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575 v jediném <filename>.rar</filename> archivu.
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576 <application>MPlayer</application> je umí přehrávat s pomocí voleb
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577 <option>-vobsub</option> a <option>-vobsubid</option>.
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578 </para>
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579
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580 <para>
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581 Zadejte základní jméno (čili bez přípony <filename>.idx</filename> nebo
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582 <filename>.sub</filename>) výstupních souborů pomocí volby
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583 <option>-vobsubout</option> a index pro tyto titulky ve zbývajících souborech
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584 pomocí <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>.
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585 </para>
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586
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587 <para>
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588 Pokud není vstup z DVD, měli byste použít <option>-ifo</option> pro indikaci
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589 <filename>.ifo</filename> souboru nutného k vytvoření výsledného
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590 <filename>.idx</filename> souboru.
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591 </para>
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592
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593 <para>
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594 Pokud vstup není z DVD a nemáte <filename>.ifo</filename> soubor, budete muset
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595 použít volbu <option>-vobsubid</option> k nastavení, pro které id jazyka se má
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596 vytvořit <filename>.idx</filename> soubor.
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597 </para>
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598
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599 <para>
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600 Každým spuštěním se přidají běžící titulky pokud soubory <filename>.idx</filename>
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601 a <filename>.sub</filename> již existují. Takže byste je měli všechny odstranit
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602 dříve než začnete.
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603 </para>
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604
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605 <example>
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606 <title>Kopírování dvojích titulků z DVD během dvouprůchodového enkódování</title>
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607 <screen>
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608 rm titulky.idx titulky.sub
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609 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -vobsubout titulky
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diff changeset
610 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 -vobsubout titulky -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!--
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611 --></screen>
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612 </example>
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613
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614 <example>
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615 <title>Kopírování francouzských titulků z MPEG souboru</title>
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616 <screen>
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617 rm titulky.idx titulky.sub
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618 mencoder <replaceable>film.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>film.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout titulky -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1 -nosound -ovc copy
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619 </screen>
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620 </example>
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621
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622 </sect1>
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623
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624 <sect1 id="aspect">
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625 <title>Zachování poměru stran</title>
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626 <para>
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627 DVD a SVCD (čili MPEG-1/2) soubory obsahují hodnotu poměru stran,
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628 popisující, jak by měl přehrávač škálovat video proud, takže lidé nebudou mít
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parents:
diff changeset
629 šišaté hlavy (př.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). Pokud ovšem enkódujeme do AVI
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parents:
diff changeset
630 (DivX) souborů, mějte na paměti, že AVI hlavičky neukládají tuto hodnotu.
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diff changeset
631 Přeškálování videa je odporné a časově náročné, takže musí být lepší způsob!
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632 </para>
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633
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634 <para>A zde jej máte</para>
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635
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636 <para>
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diff changeset
637 MPEG-4 má unikátní vlastnost: video proud může obsahovat svůj požadovaný poměr
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638 stran. Ano, přesně jako MPEG-1/2 (DVD, SVCD) a H.263 soubory. Naneštěstí,
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diff changeset
639 <emphasis role="bold">žádný</emphasis> video přehrávač nepodporuje tento atribut
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640 MPEG-4, s výjimkou <application>MPlayer</application>u.
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641 </para>
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642
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643 <para>
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diff changeset
644 Tato vlastnost může být použita pouze s kodekem <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> z
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parents:
diff changeset
645 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>u.
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diff changeset
646 Mějte na paměti: ačkoli
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diff changeset
647 <application>MPlayer</application> korektně přehraje vytvořený soubor, ostatní
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diff changeset
648 přehrávače použijí špatný poměr stran.
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649 </para>
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650
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651 <para>
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652 Opravdu byste měli oříznout černé okraje nad a pod filmem.
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653 Nastudujte si použití filtrů <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem> a
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diff changeset
654 <systemitem>crop</systemitem> v man stránce.
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655 </para>
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656
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657 <para>
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diff changeset
658 Použití
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diff changeset
659 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>vzorové-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:autoaspect -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable></screen>
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660 </para>
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661 </sect1>
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662
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663
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664 </chapter>