annotate DOCS/xml/cs/mencoder.xml @ 15675:8af96ea2739a

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date Tue, 07 Jun 2005 05:58:03 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-2"?>
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2 <!-- Synced with: 1.70 -->
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3 <chapter id="mencoder">
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4 <title>Enkódování s <application>MEncoder</application>em</title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 Úplný seznam dostupných voleb a příkladů pro <application>MEncoder</application>
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8 naleznete v man stránce. Řadu užitečných příkladů a podrobných návodů pro
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9 použití mnoha enkódovacích voleb naleznete v
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10 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">tipech pro enkódování</ulink>, které
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11 byly získány z několika diskusí v konferenci MPlayer-users. Prohledejte
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12 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">archivy</ulink>,
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13 chcete-li bohatost diskusí o všech aspektech a problémech vztažených
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14 k enkódování <application>MEncoder</application>em.
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15 </para>
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16
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17 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4">
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18 <title>Dvouprůchodové enkódování MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;)</title>
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19
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20 <para>
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21 Název vychází z faktu, že soubor je enkódován <emphasis>dvakrát</emphasis>.
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22 První enkódování (dubbed pass) vytvoří dočasné soubory
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23 (<filename>*.log</filename>) velikosti několika megabajtů, které zatím nemažte
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24 (můžete smazat AVI). Ve druhém průchodu je vytvořen dvouprůchodový výstupní
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25 soubor s použitím řízení datového toku z dočasných souborů. Výsledný soubor
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26 bude mít lepší kvalitu obrazu. Pokud jste o tom teď slyšeli poprvé, měli byste
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27 si prostudovat některé návody dostupné na netu.
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28 </para>
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29
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30 <example>
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31 <title>kopírování zvukové stopy</title>
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32 <para>
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33 Dvouprůchodové enkódování DVD do MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) AVI zatímco se zvuk
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34 pouze zkopíruje.
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35 <screen>
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36 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable>
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37 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable>
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38 </screen>
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39 </para>
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40 </example>
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41
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42 <example>
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43 <title>enkódování zvukové stopy</title>
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44 <para>
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45 Dvouprůchodové enkódování DVD do MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) AVI a současně
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46 enkódování zvukové stopy do MP3.
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47 <screen>
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48 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable>
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49 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable>
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50 </screen>
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51 </para>
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52 </example>
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53 </sect1>
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54
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55 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg">
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56 <title>Enkódování do MPEG formátu</title>
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57 <para>
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58 <application>MEncoder</application> umí vytvořit výstupní soubor formátu
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59 MPEG (MPEG-PS). To je pravděpodobně použitelné pouze s <emphasis>mpeg1video</emphasis>
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60 kodekem z <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>, protože
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61 přehrávače &ndash; s výjimkou <application>MPlayer</application>u &ndash;
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62 očekávají MPEG-1 video a MPEG-1 layer 2 (MP2) audio proudy v MPEG souborech.
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63 </para>
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64
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65 <para>
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66 Tato vlastnost nyní není moc užitečná, pomiňme že má asi mnoho chyb, ale hlavně
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67 proto, že <application>MEncoder</application> v současnosti neumí enkódovat
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68 MPEG-1 layer 2 (MP2) zvuk, který všechny ostatní přehrávače očekávají v MPEG
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69 souborech.
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70 </para>
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71
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72 <para>
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73 Výstupní souborový formát <application>MEncoder</application>u změníte použitím
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74 volby <option>-of mpeg</option>.
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75 </para>
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76
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77 <para>
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78 Example:
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79 <screen>
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80 mencoder -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video -oac copy <replaceable>další_volby</replaceable> <replaceable>media.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>výstup.mpg</replaceable>
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81 </screen>
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82 </para>
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83 </sect1>
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84
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85
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86 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale">
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87 <title>Škálování (změna velikosti) filmů</title>
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88
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89 <para>
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90 Často potřebujeme změnit velikost obrázků ve filmu a to z mnoha důvodů: zmenšení
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91 souboru, zátěže sítě atd. Mnoho lidí dokonce mění velikost při převodu DVD nebo
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92 SVCD do DivX AVI. Pokud si přejete video přeškálovat, přečtěte si sekci
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93 <link linkend="aspect">Zachování poměru stran</link>.
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94 </para>
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95
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96 <para>
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97 Samotný proces škálování je prováděn video filtrem <literal>scale</literal>:
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98 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>šířka</replaceable>:<replaceable>výška</replaceable></option>.
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99 Jeho kvalita může být nastavena volbou <option>-sws</option>.
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100 Pokud ji neuvedete, <application>MEncoder</application> použije 2: bikubickou.
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101 </para>
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102
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103 <para>
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104 Použití:
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105 <screen>
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106 mencoder <replaceable>vstup.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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107 </screen>
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108 </para>
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109 </sect1>
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110
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111
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112 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy">
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113 <title>Proudové kopírování</title>
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114
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115 <para>
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116 <application>MEncoder</application> může zpracovat vstupní datové proudy dvěma
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117 způsoby:
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118 <emphasis role="bold">enkóduje</emphasis> je, nebo je
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119 <emphasis role="bold">kopíruje</emphasis>. Tato část je o
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120 <emphasis role="bold">kopírování</emphasis>.
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121 </para>
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122
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123 <itemizedlist>
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124 <listitem><para>
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125 <emphasis role="bold">Video proud</emphasis> (volba <option>-ovc copy</option>):
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126 můžete dělat pěkné věci :) Jako umístění (nikoli konverze!) FLI nebo VIVO nebo
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127 MPEG-1 videa do AVI souboru! Samozřejmě takové soubory přehraje pouze
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128 <application>MPlayer</application> :) A proto to nejspíš nemá žádnou rozumnou
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129 hodnotu. A teď vážně: kopírování video proudu může být užitečné například
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130 tehdy, když má být enkódován pouze zvuk (např. nekomprimovaný PCM do MP3).
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131 </para></listitem>
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132 <listitem><para>
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133 <emphasis role="bold">Audio proud</emphasis> (volba <option>-oac copy</option>):
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134 jednoduché. Je možné vzít externí zvukový soubor (MP3, WAV) a namultiplexovat
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135 jej do výstupního proudu. K tomu použijte volbu
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136 <option>-audiofile <replaceable>soubor</replaceable></option>.
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137 </para></listitem>
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138 </itemizedlist>
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139 </sect1>
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140
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141
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142 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec">
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143 <title>Enkódování s rodinou kodeků <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>
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144 </title>
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145
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146 <para>
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147 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>
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148 zajišťuje jednoduché enkódování do mnoha zajímavých video a audio formátů.
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149 Můžete enkódovat do následujících kodeků (více méně aktuální):
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150
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151 <informaltable frame="all">
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152 <tgroup cols="2">
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153 <thead>
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154 <row><entry>Jméno kodeku</entry><entry>Popis</entry></row>
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155 </thead>
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156 <tbody>
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157 <row><entry>mjpeg</entry><entry>
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158 Motion JPEG
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159 </entry></row>
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160 <row><entry>ljpeg</entry><entry>
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161 Lossless (bezztrátový) JPEG
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162 </entry></row>
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163 <row><entry>h263</entry><entry>
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164 H.263
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165 </entry></row>
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166 <row><entry>h263p</entry><entry>
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167 H.263+
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168 </entry></row>
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169 <row><entry>mpeg4</entry><entry>
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170 standardní ISO MPEG-4 (DivX 5, XVID kompatibilní)
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171 </entry></row>
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172 <row><entry>msmpeg4</entry><entry>
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173 prvotní MPEG-4 varianta od MS, v3 (DivX3)
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174 </entry></row>
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175 <row><entry>msmpeg4v2</entry><entry>
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176 prvotní MPEG-4 od MS, v2 (použitý ve starých asf souborech)
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177 </entry></row>
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178 <row><entry>wmv1</entry><entry>
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179 Windows Media Video, verze 1 (WMV7)
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180 </entry></row>
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181 <row><entry>wmv2</entry><entry>
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182 Windows Media Video, verze 2 (WMV8)
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183 </entry></row>
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184 <row><entry>rv10</entry><entry>
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185 starý RealVideo kodek
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186 </entry></row>
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187 <row><entry>mpeg1video</entry><entry>
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188 MPEG-1 video
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189 </entry></row>
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190 <row><entry>mpeg2video</entry><entry>
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191 MPEG-2 video
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192 </entry></row>
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193 <row><entry>huffyuv</entry><entry>
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194 bezztrátová komprese
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195 </entry></row>
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196 <row><entry>asv1</entry><entry>
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197 ASUS Video v1
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198 </entry></row>
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199 <row><entry>asv2</entry><entry>
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200 ASUS Video v2
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201 </entry></row>
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202 <row><entry>ffv1</entry><entry>
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203 bezztrátový video kodek z FFmpeg
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204 </entry></row>
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205 </tbody>
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206 </tgroup>
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207 </informaltable>
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208
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209 První pole obsahuje názvy kodeků, které můžete přiřadit konfiguračnímu parametru
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210 <literal>vcodec</literal>, např: <option>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</option>
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211 </para>
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212
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213 <informalexample>
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214 <para>
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215 Příklad, s MJPEG kompresí:
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216 <screen>mencoder dvd://2 -o titul2.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -oac copy</screen>
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217 </para>
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218 </informalexample>
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219 </sect1>
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220
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221
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222 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images">
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223 <title>Enkódování z množství vstupních obrázkových souborů (JPEG, PNG, TGA, SGI)</title>
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224
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225 <para>
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226 <application>MEncoder</application> je schopen vytvořit film z jednoho nebo více
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227 JPEG, PNG nebo TGA souborů. Pomocí jednoduchého snímkového kopírování může
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228 vytvořit MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) nebo MTGA (Motion TGA) soubory.
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229 </para>
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230
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231 <orderedlist>
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232 <title>Vysvětlení procesu:</title>
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233 <listitem><para>
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234 <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>dekóduje</emphasis> vstupní
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235 soubor(y) pomocí knihovny <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem>
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236 (když dekóduje PNG, použije <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>).
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237 </para></listitem>
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238 <listitem><para>
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239 Potom <application>MEncoder</application> nakrmí dekódovaný snímek do
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240 zvoleného video kompresoru (DivX4, XviD, FFmpeg msmpeg4, atd).
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241 </para></listitem>
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242 </orderedlist>
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243
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244 <formalpara>
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245 <title>Příklady</title>
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246 <para>
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247 Vysvětlení volby <option>-mf</option> je v man stránce.
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248
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249 <informalexample>
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250 <para>
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251 Vytvoření MPEG-4 souboru ze všech JPEG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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252 <screen>
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253 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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254 </screen>
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255 </para>
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256 </informalexample>
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257
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258 <informalexample>
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259 <para>
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260 Vytvoření MPEG-4 souboru z některých JPEG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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261 <screen>
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262 mencoder mf://<replaceable>snímek001.jpg,snímek002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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263 </screen>
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264 </para>
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265 </informalexample>
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266
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267 <informalexample>
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268 <para>
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269 Vytvoření Motion JPEG (MJPEG) souboru ze všech JPEG souborů v aktuálním
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270 adresáři:
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271 <screen>
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272 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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273 </screen>
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274 </para>
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275 </informalexample>
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276
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277 <informalexample>
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278 <para>
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279 Vytvoření nekomprimovaného souboru ze všech PNG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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280 <screen>
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281 mencoder mf:// -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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282 </screen>
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283 </para>
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284 </informalexample>
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285
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286 <note><para>
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287 Šířka musí být celé číslo násobek 4, to je dáno omezením RAW RGB AVI formátu.
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288 </para></note>
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289
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290 <informalexample>
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291 <para>
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292 Vytvoření Motion PNG (MPNG) souboru ze všech PNG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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293 <screen>
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294 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable> <!--
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295 --></screen>
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296 </para>
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297 </informalexample>
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298
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299 <informalexample>
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300 <para>
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301 Vytvoření Motion TGA (MTGA) souboru ze všech TGA souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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302 <screen>
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303 mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable><!--
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304 --></screen>
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305 </para>
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306 </informalexample>
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307
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308 </para>
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309 </formalpara>
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310 </sect1>
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311
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312
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313 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub">
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314 <title>Extrakce DVD titulků do VOBsub souboru</title>
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315
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316 <para>
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317 <application>MEncoder</application> je schopen vyextrahovat titulky z DVD do
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318 VOBsub formátovaných souborů. Ty sestávají ze dvou souborů zakončených
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319 <filename>.idx</filename> a <filename>.sub</filename> a jsou obvykle zabaleny
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320 v jediném <filename>.rar</filename> archivu.
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321 <application>MPlayer</application> je umí přehrávat s pomocí voleb
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322 <option>-vobsub</option> a <option>-vobsubid</option>.
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323 </para>
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324
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325 <para>
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326 Zadejte základní jméno (čili bez přípony <filename>.idx</filename> nebo
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327 <filename>.sub</filename>) výstupních souborů pomocí volby
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328 <option>-vobsubout</option> a index pro tyto titulky ve zbývajících souborech
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329 pomocí <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>.
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330 </para>
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331
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332 <para>
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333 Pokud není vstup z DVD, měli byste použít <option>-ifo</option> pro indikaci
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334 <filename>.ifo</filename> souboru nutného k vytvoření výsledného
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335 <filename>.idx</filename> souboru.
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336 </para>
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337
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338 <para>
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339 Pokud vstup není z DVD a nemáte <filename>.ifo</filename> soubor, budete muset
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340 použít volbu <option>-vobsubid</option> k nastavení, pro které id jazyka se má
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341 vytvořit <filename>.idx</filename> soubor.
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342 </para>
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343
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344 <para>
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345 Každým spuštěním se přidají běžící titulky pokud soubory <filename>.idx</filename>
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346 a <filename>.sub</filename> již existují. Takže byste je měli všechny odstranit
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347 dříve než začnete.
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348 </para>
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349
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350 <example>
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351 <title>Kopírování dvojích titulků z DVD během dvouprůchodového enkódování</title>
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352 <screen>
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353 rm titulky.idx titulky.sub
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354 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -vobsubout titulky -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2
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355 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -vobsubout titulky -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!--
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356 --></screen>
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357 </example>
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358
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359 <example>
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360 <title>Kopírování francouzských titulků z MPEG souboru</title>
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361 <screen>
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362 rm titulky.idx titulky.sub
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363 mencoder <replaceable>film.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>film.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout titulky -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1 -nosound -ovc copy
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364 </screen>
15219
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365 </example>
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366
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367 </sect1>
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368
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369 <sect1 id="aspect">
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370 <title>Zachování poměru stran</title>
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371 <para>
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372 DVD a SVCD (čili MPEG-1/2) soubory obsahují hodnotu poměru stran,
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373 popisující, jak by měl přehrávač škálovat video proud, takže lidé nebudou mít
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374 šišaté hlavy (př.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). Pokud ovšem enkódujeme do AVI
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375 (DivX) souborů, mějte na paměti, že AVI hlavičky neukládají tuto hodnotu.
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376 Přeškálování videa je odporné a časově náročné, takže musí být lepší způsob!
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377 </para>
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378
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379 <para>A zde jej máte</para>
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380
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381 <para>
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382 MPEG-4 má unikátní vlastnost: video proud může obsahovat svůj požadovaný poměr
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383 stran. Ano, přesně jako MPEG-1/2 (DVD, SVCD) a H.263 soubory. Naneštěstí,
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384 <emphasis role="bold">žádný</emphasis> video přehrávač nepodporuje tento atribut
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385 MPEG-4, s výjimkou <application>MPlayer</application>u.
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386 </para>
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387
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388 <para>
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389 Tato vlastnost může být použita pouze s kodekem <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> z
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390 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>u.
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391 Mějte na paměti: ačkoli
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392 <application>MPlayer</application> korektně přehraje vytvořený soubor, ostatní
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393 přehrávače použijí špatný poměr stran.
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394 </para>
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395
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396 <para>
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397 Opravdu byste měli oříznout černé okraje nad a pod filmem.
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398 Nastudujte si použití filtrů <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem> a
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399 <systemitem>crop</systemitem> v man stránce.
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400 </para>
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401
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402 <para>
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403 Použití
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404 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>vzorové-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:autoaspect -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable></screen>
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405 </para>
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406 </sect1>
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407
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408 <sect1 id="custommatrices"><title>Uživatelské inter/intra matice</title>
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409
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diff changeset
410 <para>
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jheryan
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diff changeset
411 Díky této vlastnosti
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412 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>u
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413 můžete nastavit uživatelskou inter (I-snímky/klíčové snímky) a intra
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414 (P-snímky/predikované (rozumějte vypočítané) snímky) matice. To je podporováno
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diff changeset
415 mnoha kodeky:
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416 <systemitem>mpeg1video</systemitem> a <systemitem>mpeg2video</systemitem>
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417 jsou hlášeny jako funkční.
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418 </para>
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419
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420 <para>
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421 Typické použití této vlastnosti je nastavení matic preferovaných
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422 <ulink url="http://www.kvcd.net/">KVCD</ulink> specifikacemi.
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423 </para>
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424
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425 <para>
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426 <emphasis role="bold">Kvantizační Matice KVCD &quot;Notch&quot;:</emphasis>
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427 </para>
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428
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429 <para>
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jheryan
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430 Intra:
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431 <screen>
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432 8 9 12 22 26 27 29 34
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433 9 10 14 26 27 29 34 37
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434 12 14 18 27 29 34 37 38
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435 22 26 27 31 36 37 38 40
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diff changeset
436 26 27 29 36 39 38 40 48
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437 27 29 34 37 38 40 48 58
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438 29 34 37 38 40 48 58 69
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diff changeset
439 34 37 38 40 48 58 69 79
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jheryan
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diff changeset
440 </screen>
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441
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diff changeset
442 Inter:
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jheryan
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diff changeset
443 <screen>
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444 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
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445 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
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diff changeset
446 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
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447 22 24 26 30 32 32 34 36
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448 24 26 28 32 34 34 36 38
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449 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
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450 28 30 32 34 36 38 42 42
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451 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
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452 </screen>
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453 </para>
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454
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455 <para>
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456 Použití:
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jheryan
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457 <screen>
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458 $ mencoder <replaceable>vstup.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable> -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts inter_matrix=...:intra_matrix=...
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459 </screen>
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460 </para>
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461
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462 <para>
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jheryan
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463 <screen>
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jheryan
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464 $ mencoder <replaceable>vstup.avi</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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465 vcodec=mpeg2video:intra_matrix=8,9,12,22,26,27,29,34,9,10,14,26,27,29,34,37,
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diff changeset
466 12,14,18,27,29,34,37,38,22,26,27,31,36,37,38,40,26,27,29,36,39,38,40,48,27,
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jheryan
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diff changeset
467 29,34,37,38,40,48,58,29,34,37,38,40,48,58,69,34,37,38,40,48,58,69,79
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468 :inter_matrix=16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,20,22,24,26,
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diff changeset
469 28,30,32,34,22,24,26,30,32,32,34,36,24,26,28,32,34,34,36,38,26,28,30,32,34,
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470 36,38,40,28,30,32,34,36,38,42,42,30,32,34,36,38,40,42,44 -oac copy -o svcd.mpg
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471 </screen>
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472 </para>
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473 </sect1>
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474
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475 <sect1 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4">
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476 <title>Vytvoření MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) ripu DVD filmu ve vysoké kvalitě</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
477
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478 <para>
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479 Velmi častou otázkou je "Jak mohu vytvořit rip v nejvyšší možné kvalitě pro
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480 danou velikost?". Další otázkou je "Jak vytvořím DVD rip v nejvyšší možné
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481 kvalitě? Velikost souboru mě nezajímá, chci tu nejvyšší kvalitu."
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482 </para>
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483
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484 <para>
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485 Druhá otázka je poněkud špatně položená. Konec konců, pokud je vám lhostejná
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diff changeset
486 velikost souboru, proč prostě nezkopírujete celý MPEG-2 video proud z DVD?
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487 Jistěže vaše AVI bude mít kolem 5 GB, ale pokud chcete nejvyšší kvalitu a
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488 na velikosti nezáleží, je to jistě nejlepší volba.
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489 </para>
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490
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491 <para>
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492 Ve skutečnosti, důvodem převodu DVD do MPEG-4 je právě to, že vám na velikosti
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jheryan
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diff changeset
493 souboru <emphasis role="bold">záleží</emphasis>.
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494 </para>
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495
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496 <para>
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497 Je těžké nabídnout kuchařku jak vytvořit DVD rip ve velmi vysoké kvalitě. Je
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498 nutné uvážit množství faktorů a měli byste rozumět těmto detailům, jinak
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499 budete asi zklamáni výsledkem. Níže prozkoumáme některé z těchto věcí a
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diff changeset
500 pak se podíváme na příklad. Předpokládáme, že použijete
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jheryan
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501 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> pro enkódování videa,
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jheryan
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diff changeset
502 ačkoli teorie je stejná i pro ostatní kodeky.
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503 </para>
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504
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505 <para>
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506 Pokud je toho na vás moc, asi byste měli použít některý z pěkných frontendů,
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diff changeset
507 které jsou zmíněny v
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jheryan
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diff changeset
508 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/homepage/design7/projects.html#mencoder_frontends">sekci MEncoder</ulink>
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parents:
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509 na naší stránce odvozených projektů.
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diff changeset
510 Takto budete schopni dosahovat vysoce kvalitních ripů bez velkého přemýšlení,
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511 protože většina těchto nástrojů je navržena tak, aby dělala vhodná rozhodnutí
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parents:
diff changeset
512 za vás.
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jheryan
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513 </para>
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diff changeset
514
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515 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-preparing-encode">
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516 <title>Příprava na enkódování: Určení zdrojového materiálu a datového toku</title>
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517 <para>
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518 Předtím než i jen pomyslíte na enkódování filmu, budete muset učinit
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519 několik přípravných kroků.
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diff changeset
520 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
521
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
522 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
523 Prvním a nejdůležitějším krokem před enkódováním by mělo být zjištění
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
524 druhu obsahu se kterým máte co do činění.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
525 Pokud vaše zdrojové video pochází z DVD nebo veřejné/kabelové/satelitní
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
526 TV, bude uložen v jednom ze dvou formátů: NTSC v Severní Americe a
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
527 Japonsku, PAL v Euvropě, atd.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
528 Je ovšem důležité si uvědomit, že to je pouze formátování pro prezentaci
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
529 v televizi a často <emphasis role="bold">neodpovídá</emphasis>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
530 originálnímu formátu filmu.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
531 Abaste dosáhli uspokojivého výsledku, musíte znát původní formát.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
532 Nevezmete-li to správně v potaz, dostanete obraz plný ošklivých kombinačních
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
533 (proklad) artefaktů.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
534 Kromě toho, že budete mít nekvalitní obraz, artefakty rovněž snižují
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
535 efektivitu kódování:
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
536 Dosáhnete horší kvality při daném datovém toku.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
537 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
538
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
539 <sect3 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-preparing-encode-fps">
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
540 <title>Zjištění snímkové rychlosti zdroje</title>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
541 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
542 Zde máte seznam běžných typů zdrojového materiálu, kde na který nejspíš
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
543 narazíte a jejich volby:
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
544 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
545 <itemizedlist>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
546 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
547 <emphasis role="bold">Standardní film</emphasis>: Vytvořený pro promítání
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
548 v kině při 24fps.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
549 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
550 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
551 <emphasis role="bold">PAL video</emphasis>: Zaznamenáno PAL
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
552 video kamerou s rychlostí 50 půlsnímků za sekundu.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
553 Půlsnímek sestává jen z lichých nebo sudých řádků daného snímku.
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jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
554 Televize je navržena pro jejich střídavé zobrazování jako laciná
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
555 forma analogové komprese.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
556 Lidské oko to pravděpodobně vykompenzuje, ale jakmile porozumíte
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
557 prokládání, naučíte se jej vidět i v TV a už si ji neužijete.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
558 Dva půlsnímky <emphasis role="bold">netvoří</emphasis> úplný snímek,
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
559 protože jsou zaznamenány s časovou odchylkou 1/50 sekundy a proto se
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
560 nekryjí, dokud je zde pohyb.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
561 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
562 <listitem><para>
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jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
563 <emphasis role="bold">NTSC Video</emphasis>: Zaznamenáno
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
564 NTSC video kamerou s rychlostí 60000/1001 půlsnímků za sekundu, nebo 60
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
565 půlsnímků za sekundu v době před barevnou televizí.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
566 Jinak obdobné PAL.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
567 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
568 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
569 <emphasis role="bold">Animovaný film</emphasis>: Obvykle kreslený při
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
570 24 snímcích za sekundu, ale rovněž bývá v některé variantě prměnné snímkové
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
571 rychlosti.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
572 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
573 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
574 <emphasis role="bold">Počítačová grafika (CG)</emphasis>: Může mít jakoukoli
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
575 snímkovou rychlost, ale některé jsou častější než jiné; 24 a 30 snímků za
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
576 sekundu jsou typické pro NTSC a 25 snímků za sekundu zase pro PAL.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
577 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
578 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
579 <emphasis role="bold">Starý film</emphasis>: Různé nižší snímkové rychlosti.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
580 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
581 </itemizedlist>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
582 </sect3>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
583
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
584 <sect3 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-preparing-encode-material">
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
585 <title>Určení zdrojového materiálu</title>
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jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
586 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
587 Filmy sestávající ze snímků jsou nazývány progresivní,
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
588 zatímco ty složené z nezávislých půlsnímků buď prokládané, nebo
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
589 jen video &ndash; ačkoli druhý termín je zavádějící.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
590 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
591 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
592 Abychom to ještě zkomplikovali, některé filmy mohou být směsí
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
593 všeho výše uvedeného.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
594 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
595 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
596 Nejdůležitějším rozdílem mezi všemi těmito formáty je to, že základem
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
597 některých jsou snímky a jiných půlsnímky.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
598 <emphasis role="bold">Vždy</emphasis>, když je film připravován pro promítání
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
599 v televizi (včetně DVD), je převeden na půlsnímky.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
600 Různé metody jak toho lze dosáhnout jsou souhrnně nazývány "pulldown" a
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
601 nechvalně známé NTSC "3:2 telecine" je jednou z variant.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
602 Pokud nebyl základ vašeho filmu rovněž půlsnímkový (se stejnou půlsnímkovou
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
603 rychlostí), máte film v jiném formátu, než byl původně.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
604 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
605
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
606 <itemizedlist>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
607 <title>Zde je několik běžných typů pulldown:</title>
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jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
608 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
609 <emphasis role="bold">PAL 2:2 pulldown</emphasis>: Je nejhezčí z nich.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
610 Každý snímek je zobrazován po dobu dvou půlsnímků tak, že se oddělí liché
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
611 a sudé řádky a zobrazují se střídavě.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
612 Pokud měl originál 24 snímků za sekundu, zrychlí se film o 4%.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
613 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
614 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
615 <emphasis role="bold">PAL 2:2:2:2:2:2:2:2:2:2:2:3 pulldown</emphasis>:
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
616 Každý 12 snímek je zobrazen po dobu tří půlsnímků, místo dvou.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
617 To odstraní nevýhodu 4% zrychlení, ale znesnadní obrácený proces.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
618 Obvykle je používán pouze u hudební produkce, jelikož zde by 4% zrychlení
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
619 znatelně poškodilo hudební zážitek.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
620 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
621 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
622 <emphasis role="bold">NTSC 3:2 telecine</emphasis>: Snímky jsou zobrazovány
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
623 po dobu 2 nebo 3 půlsnímků, čímž je dosaženo 2.5 krát
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
624 vyšší půlsnímkové rychlosti, než je originální snímková rychlost.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
625 Výsledek je dále velmi mírně spomalen ze 60 půlsnímků za sekundu na
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
626 60000/1001 půlsnímků za sekundu, aby se dosáhlo NTSC půlsnímkové rychlosti.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
627 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
628 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
629 <emphasis role="bold">NTSC 2:2 pulldown</emphasis>: Používá se pro
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
630 promítání 30fps materiálu na NTSC.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
631 Pěkné, stejně jako 2:2 PAL pulldown.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
632 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
633 </itemizedlist>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
634
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
635 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
636 Existují rovněž metody pro konverzi mezi NTSC a PAL vieem, ale to
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
637 již je nad rámec této příručky.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
638 Pokud se setkáte s takovým filmem a budete jej chtít enkódovat,
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
639 bude pro vás nejlepší opatřit si jej v originálním formátu.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
640 Konverze mezi těmito formáty je vysoce destruktivní a nelze ji
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
641 čistě zvrátit, takže výsledek velmi utrpí, pokud je vytvořen z
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
642 konvertovaného materiálu.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
643 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
644 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
645 Když je video ukládáno na DVD, po sobě jdoucí páry půlsnímků jsou
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
646 seskupovány do snímků, dokonce i když nejsou určeny pro zobrazení
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
647 ve stejném okamžiku.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
648 Standard MPEG-2 použitý na DVD a digitální televizi poskytuje možnost
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
649 jak pro enkódování originálních progresivních snímků, tak pro uložení
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
650 informací do hlavičky snímku o počtu půlsnímků, po jejichž dobu by měl
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
651 být daný snímek zobrazován.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
652 Pokud je použita tato metoda, film bývá často označen jako
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
653 "soft-telecined", jelikož proces pouze řídí DVD přehrávač pro
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
654 aplikaci pulldown na film spíše než že mění samotný film.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
655 Tento případ je velmi upřednostňován, jalikož může být snadno
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
656 zvrácen (ve skutečnosti ignorován) enkodérem a proto poskytuje maximální
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
657 kvalitu.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
658 Mnoho DVD a televizních produkčních společností však nepoužívá vhodné
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
659 enkódovací techniky, ale místo toho produkují filmy s
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
660 "hard telecine", kdy jsou ve skutečnosti půlsnímky duplikovány
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
661 ve výsledném MPEG-2.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
662 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
663 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
664 Postupy pro tyto případy budou uvedeny později v této příručce.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
665 Prozatím si řekneme několik návodů pro identifikaci o jaký typ materiálu jde:
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
666 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
667
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
668 <itemizedlist>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
669 <title>NTSC regiony:</title>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
670 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
671 Pokud <application>MPlayer</application> při přehrávání vypíše, že se snímková
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
672 rychlost změnila na 24000/1001 a již se to nezmění, pak se nejspíš jedná
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
673 o progresivní obsah, který byl "soft telecinován".
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
674 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
675 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
676 Pokud <application>MPlayer</application> ukazuje, že se snímková rychlost
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
677 mění tam a zpět mezi 24000/1001 a 30000/1001 a někdy vidíte
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
678 "combing", pak je zde několik možností.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
679 Segmenty 24000/1001 fps mají téměř jistě "soft telecinovaný" progresivní
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
680 obsah, ale 30000/1001 fps části mohou mít buď hard-telecined 24000/1001 fps
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
681 obsah, nobo se jedná o 60000/1001 půlsnímků za sekundu NTSC video.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
682 Použijte stejný postup jako v následujících dvou případech pro určení
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
683 který z nich to je.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
684 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
685 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
686 Pokud <application>MPlayer</application> neukáže změnu snímkové rychlosti
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
687 a všechny snímky jsou zubaté, je váš film ve formátu NTSC video s 60000/1001
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
688 půlsnímky za sekundu.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
689 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
690 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
691 Pokud <application>MPlayer</application> neukáže změnu snímkové rychlosti
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
692 a dva snímky z pěti vypadají zubatě, má vaše video "hard telecinovaný"
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
693 24000/1001fps obsah.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
694 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
695 </itemizedlist>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
696
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
697 <itemizedlist>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
698 <title>PAL regiony:</title>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
699 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
700 Pokud není nikde vidět žádné zubatění, je váš film 2:2 pulldown.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
701 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
702 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
703 Pokud vidíte jak se objevuje a mizí zubatění každou půlsekundu,
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
704 pak je váš film 2:2:2:2:2:2:2:2:2:2:2:3 pulldown.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
705 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
706 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
707 Pokud je zubatění vidět stále, je to PAL video s 50 půlsnímky za sekundu.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
708 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
709 </itemizedlist>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
710
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
711 <note><title>Rada:</title>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
712 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
713 <application>MPlayer</application> umí spomalit přehrávání videa
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
714 pomocí volby -speed.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
715 Zkuste použít <option>-speed</option> 0.2 pro velmi pomalé přehrávání a
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
716 najděte vzor, pokud jej nevidíte při plné rychlosti.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
717 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
718 </note>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
719 </sect3>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
720 </sect2>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
721
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
722 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-2pass">
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
723 <title>Pevný kvantizer vs. více průchodů</title>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
724
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
725 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
726 Enkódování vašeho videa je možné provést v široké škále kvality.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
727 S moderními video enkodéry a trochou předkodekové komprese
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
728 (zmenšení a odšumování) je možné dosáhnout velmi dobré kvality v 700 MB,
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
729 pro 90-110 minut dlouhé širokoúhlé video.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
730 Jinak lze všechna videa, snad kromě těch nejdelších, enkódovat v téměř
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
731 perfektní kvalitě do 1400 MB.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
732 </para>
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
733
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
734 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
735 Jsou tři přístupy k enkódování videa: pevný datový tok (CBR), pevný kvantizer
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
736 a víceprůchodový (ABR, neboli průměrovaný datový tok).
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
737 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
738
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
739 <note><title>Poznámka:</title>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
740 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
741 Většina kodeků, které podporují ABR enkódování, podporují pouze dvouprůchodové
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
742 enkódování, zatímco ostatní jako <systemitem class="library">x264</systemitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
743 a <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> podporují víceprůchodové
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
744 enkódování, které s každým průchodem trochu zlepší kvalitu, ačkoli toto
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
745 zlepšení již není viditelné, nebo měřitelné po asi čtvrtém průchodu.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
746 V této sekci budeme považovat dvouprůchodové a víceprůchodové
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
747 enkódování za shodné.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
748 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
749 </note>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
750
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
751 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
752 V každém z těchto režimů <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
753 rozbije videosnímek na makrobloky 16x16 pixelů a potom na každý makroblok
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
754 aplikuje kvantizer. Čím je nižší kvantizer, tím je vyšší kvalita a datový tok.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
755 Metoda, kterou <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> používá pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
756 určení jaký kvantizer použít pro daný makroblok, se liší a je vysoce
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
757 ovlivnitelná. (Toto je extrémní zjednodušení daného procesu, ale je vhodné
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
758 rozumět základnímu principu.)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
759 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
760
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
761 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
762 Pokud nastavíte konstantní datový tok, <systemitem
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
763 class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> bude enkódovat video tak, že zahodí
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
764 detaily podle potřeby a jen tolik, aby se udržel pod zadaným datovým tokem.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
765 Pokud je vám opravdu lhostejná velikost souboru, můžete také použít CBR a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
766 nastavit datový tok na nekonečno. (V praxi to znamená nastavit hodnotu tak
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
767 vysoko, aby nijak neomezovala, jako 10000 Kbitů.) Bez reálného omezení
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
768 datového toku použije <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
769 nejnižší možný kvantizer pro každý makroblok (ten je nastaven pomocí
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
770 <option>vqmin</option>, výchozí je 2). Jakmile nastavíte dostatečně nižší
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
771 datový tok, takže je <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
772 přinucen použít vyšší kvantizer, pak téměř jistě snížíte kvalitu svého videa.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
773 Abyste se tomu vyhnuli, měli byste zvážit zmenšení videa podle postupu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
774 popsaného později v této příručce.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
775 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
776
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
777 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
778 Při konstantním kvantizeru <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
779 používá kvantizer nastavený volbou <option>vqscale</option> na každý makroblok.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
780 Pokud chcete maximálně kvalitní rip, opět bez ohledu na datový tok, můžete
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
781 použít <option>vqscale=2</option>. To povede ke stejnému datovému toku a PSNR
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
782 (odstup signál&ndash;šum) jako CBR s <option>vbitrate</option>=infinity a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
783 výchozím <option>vqmin</option> rovným 2.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
784 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
785
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
786 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
787 Problém s konstantní kvantizací je ten, že používá zadaný kvantizer ať to daný
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
788 makroblok potřebuje či nikoli. Je totiž možné použít vyšší kvantizer na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
789 makroblok bez obětování viditelné kvality. Proč tedy plýtvat bity s nemístně
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
790 nízkým kvantizerem? Váše CPU má tolik cyklů, kolik máte času, ale na harddisku
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
791 máte jen určitý počet bitů.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
792 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
793
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
794 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
795 Při dvouprůchodovém enkódování se v prvním průchodu projde film jakoby měl být
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
796 CBR, ale vlastnosti každého snímku se zaznamenají do logu. Tato data jsou pak
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
797 použita při druhém průchodu pro inteligentní stanovení použitého kvantizeru.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
798 V rychlých scénách nebo scénách s malým počtem detailů budou častěji používány
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
799 vyšší kvantizery a v pomalých nebo detailních scénách zase nižší kvantizery.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
800 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
801
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
802 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
803 Pokud použijete <option>vqscale=2</option>, plýtváte bity. Pokud použijete
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
804 <option>vqscale=3</option>, pak nedostanete nejkvalitnější možný rip.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
805 Dejme tomu, že ripujete DVD při <option>vqscale=3</option> a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
806 výsledkem je 1800Kbit. Pokud provedete dvouprůchodové enkódování
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
807 s <option>vbitrate=1800</option>, výsledné video bude mít <emphasis
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
808 role="bold">vyšší kvalitu</emphasis> při
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
809 <emphasis role="bold">stejném datovém toku</emphasis>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
810 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
811
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
812 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
813 Jelikož jsme vás nyní přesvědčili, že dvouprůchodový režim je správná volba,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
814 skutečnou otázkou je, jaký datový tok použít? Odpověď je, že není jediná
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
815 odpověď. Ideálně byste měli zvolit takový datový tok, který zajistí nejlepší
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
816 rovnováhu mezi kvalitou a velikostí souboru. Ten bude pokaždé jiný
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
817 v závislosti na zdrojovém videu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
818 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
819
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
820 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
821 Pokud na velikosti souboru nezáleží, pak je dobrý startovní můstek pro rip
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
822 s velmi vysokou kvalitou je kolem 2000 Kbitů plus-mínus 200 Kbitů.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
823 Pro rychlé akční nebo vysoce detailní zdrojové video, nebo máte-li velmi
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
824 kritické oko, se budete rozhodovat mezi 2400 nebo 2600.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
825 U některých DVD nepoznáte rozdíl při 1400 Kbitech. Je vhodné experimentovat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
826 se scénami při různých datových tocích, abyste pro to dostali cit.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
827 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
828
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
829 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
830 Pokud se snažíte o určitou velikost, budete muset nějak spočítat datový tok.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
831 Ale ještě předtím musíte zjistit, kolik místa byste měli rezervovat pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
832 zvukové(ou) stopy(u), takže byste si
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
833 <link linkend="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-audio">je měli ripnout</link> jako první.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
834 Můžete si pak spočítat datový tok pomocí následující rovnice:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
835 <systemitem>datový_tok = (požadovaná_velikost_v_Mbajtech - velikost_zvuku_v_Mbajtech) *
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
836 1024 * 1024 / délka_v_sek * 8 / 1000</systemitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
837 Například abyste nacpali dvouhodinový film na 702MB CD, se 60MB zvukovou
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
838 stopou, bude muset být datový tok videa:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
839 <systemitem>(702 - 60) * 1024 * 1024 / (120*60) * 8 / 1000
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
840 = 740kbps (kilobitů za sekundu)</systemitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
841 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
842
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
843 </sect2>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
844
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
845
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
846 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-constraints">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
847 <title>Omezení pro efektivní enkódování</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
848
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
849 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
850 Ze samé podstaty komprese typu MPEG vyplývají určitá omezení, která byste měli
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
851 ctít, pokud chcete maximální kvalitu.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
852 MPEG rozdělí video na čtverce 16x16 nazývané makrobloky, které se skládají
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
853 ze čtyř bloků 8x8 jasové (luma) složky a dvou bloků 8x8 barevné (chroma)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
854 složky v polovičním rozlišení (jeden pro osu červená-cyan (modrozelená) a druhý pro osu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
855 modrá-žlutá).
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
856 Dokonce i když šířka a výška vašeho videa nejsou násobky 16, použije enkodér
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
857 dostatek 16x16 makrobloků, aby pokryl celou oblast obrazu a zabere místo
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
858 navíc, které přijde vniveč.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
859 Takže chcete-li maximalizovat kvalitu při dané velikosti souboru, není dobrý
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
860 nápad používat rozměry které nejsou násobky 16.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
861 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
862
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
863 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
864 Většina DVD má také různě velké černé okraje videa. Ponechání těchto ploch
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
865 může různým způsobem snížit kvalitu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
866 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
867
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
868 <orderedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
869 <listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
870 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
871 Komprese typu MPEG je rovněž velmi závislá na plošných frekvenčních
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
872 transformacích, konkrétně Diskrétní Kosinové Transformaci (DCT), která se
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
873 podobá Fourierově transformaci. Tento druh enkódování je efektivní na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
874 reprezentaci opakujících se vzorů a pozvolné přechody, ale má potíže s ostrými
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
875 přechody. Chcete-li je enkódovat, musíte použít mnoho bitů, jinak se objeví
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
876 artefakty známé jako kroužkování.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
877 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
878
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
879 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
880 Frekvenční transformace (DCT) je provedena zvlášť pro každý makroblok
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
881 (ve skutečnosti na každý blok), takže problém nastane pouze tehdy, je-li ostrý
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
882 přechod uvnitř bloku. Pokud vaše černé okraje začínají přesně na hranicích
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
883 násobků 16 pixelů, pak to není problém. Černé okraje jsou však na DVD jen
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
884 málokdy pěkně umístěny, takže je v praxi budete muset vždy odstranit, abyste
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
885 se vyhnuli tomuto problému.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
886 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
887 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
888 </orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
889
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
890 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
891 Navíc k plošně frekvenčním transformacím používá komprese typu MPEG vektory
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
892 pohybu k popisu změn od jednoho snímku ke druhému. Vektory pohybu přirozeně
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
893 pracují méně efektivně s novým obsahem přicházejícím zpoza okrajů snímku,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
894 protože ten nebyl přítomen na předchozím snímku. Dokud se obraz rozšiřuje
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
895 směrem k okrajům snímku, nemají s tím vektory pohybu žádný problém, ale
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
896 jsou-li zde černé okraje, může problém nastat:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
897 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
898
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
899 <orderedlist continuation="continues">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
900 <listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
901 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
902 Komprese typu MPEG ukládá pro každý makroblok vektor, identifikující která
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
903 část předchozího obrázku by měla být zkopírována onoho makrobloku jako základ
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
904 pro predikci následujícího snímku. Pouze zbývající odlišnosti musí být
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
905 enkódovány. Pokud makroblok přesahuje okraj obrázku a obsahuje část černého
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
906 okraje, vektory pohybu z ostatních částí obrázku přepíší černý okraj.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
907 To znamená mnoho bitů spotřebovaných buď na znovuzačernění, nebo se (spíš)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
908 vektory pohybu nepoužijí vůbec a všechny změny v tomto makrobloku se budou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
909 kódovat přímo. Jinými slovy se velmi sníží efektivita enkódování.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
910 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
911
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
912 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
913 Tento problém nastává opět jen v případě, že černé okraje nezačínají na lince
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
914 jejíž pozice je násobkem 16.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
915 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
916 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
917
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
918 <listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
919 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
920 Nakonec zde máme makroblok uvnitř obrázku do nějž se posunuje objekt z okraje
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
921 obrázku. Kódování typu MPEG neumí říct "zkopíruj to co je na obrázku, ale ne
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
922 černý okraj." Takže se zkopíruje i černý okraj a spotřebuje se spousta bitů
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
923 na enkódování té části obrázku, která tu měla být.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
924 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
925
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
926 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
927 Pokud se obrázek dostane úplně ven z enkódované oblasti, má MPEG speciální
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
928 optimalizace pro opakované kopírování pixelů na okraj obrázku pokud přijde
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
929 vektor pohybu zvenčí enkódované oblasti. Tato vlastnost bude k ničemu, pokud
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
930 má film černé okraje. Na rozdíl od problémů 1 a 2 zde umístění okrajů na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
931 násobky 16 nepomůže.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
932 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
933 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
934
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
935 <listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
936 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
937 Navzdory tomu, že okraje jsou úplně černé a nikdy se nemění, je zde vždy
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
938 alespoň minimální datový tok spotřebovaný na větší množství makrobloků.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
939 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
940 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
941 </orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
942
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
943 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
944 Ze všech těchto důvodů doporučujeme zcela odstranit černé okraje. Dále, pokud
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
945 je na okraji obrázku oblast se šumem/zkreslením, jejím odstřižením se ještě
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
946 zvýší efektivita enkódování. Videofilní puristé, kteří chtějí zůstat tak
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
947 blízko originálu, jak je to jen možné, mohou protestovat proti tomuto ořezání,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
948 ale pokud nehodláte enkódovat s konstantním kvantizerem, kvalita kterou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
949 dostanete díky ořezání znatelně převýší množství ztracených informací na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
950 okrajích.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
951 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
952 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
953
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
954
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
955 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-crop">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
956 <title>Ořezávání a škálování</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
957
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
958 <para>
15377
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
959 Připomeňme z předchozí části, že konečná velikost obrázku by měla mít
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
960 jak šířku, tak výšku beze zbytku dělitelnou 16, čehož můžete dosáhnout
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
961 pomocí ořezání, škálování, nebo kombinací obou.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
962 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
963
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
964 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
965 Při ořezávání byste se měli držet několika zásad, abyste předešli poškození
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
966 svého filmu.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
967 Normální YUV formát 4:2:0, ukládá barvonosnou (chroma) informaci
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
968 podvzorkovanou, čili hustota vzorkování barvy je poloviční oproti jasové
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
969 (černobílé) složce v obou směrech.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
970 Prohlédněte si tento diagram, kde L označuje vzorkovací body jasu a C
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
971 barvy.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
972 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
973
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
974 <informaltable>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
975 <?dbhtml table-width="40%" ?>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
976 <?dbfo table-width="40%" ?>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
977 <tgroup cols="8" align="center">
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
978 <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
979 <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
980 <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
981 <colspec colnum="4" colname="col4"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
982 <colspec colnum="5" colname="col5"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
983 <colspec colnum="6" colname="col6"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
984 <colspec colnum="7" colname="col7"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
985 <colspec colnum="8" colname="col8"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
986 <spanspec spanname="spa1-2" namest="col1" nameend="col2"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
987 <spanspec spanname="spa3-4" namest="col3" nameend="col4"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
988 <spanspec spanname="spa5-6" namest="col5" nameend="col6"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
989 <spanspec spanname="spa7-8" namest="col7" nameend="col8"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
990 <tbody>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
991 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
992 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
993 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
994 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
995 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
996 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
997 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
998 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
999 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1000 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1001 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1002 <entry spanname="spa1-2">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1003 <entry spanname="spa3-4">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1004 <entry spanname="spa5-6">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1005 <entry spanname="spa7-8">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1006 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1007 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1008 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1009 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1010 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1011 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1012 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1013 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1014 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1015 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1016 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1017 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1018 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1019 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1020 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1021 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1022 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1023 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1024 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1025 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1026 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1027 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1028 <entry spanname="spa1-2">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1029 <entry spanname="spa3-4">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1030 <entry spanname="spa5-6">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1031 <entry spanname="spa7-8">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1032 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1033 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1034 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1035 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1036 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1037 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1038 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1039 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1040 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1041 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1042 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1043 </tbody>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1044 </tgroup>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1045 </informaltable>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1046
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1047 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1048 Jak vidíte, řádky i sloupce obrázku se přirozeně párují. Při ořezávání tedy
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1049 <emphasis>musí</emphasis> být hodnoty odsazení i rozměrů sudá čísla.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1050 Pokud nejsou, nebude se barvonosná informace zprávně krýt s jasovou.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1051 Teoreticky lze stříhat s lichým odsazením, ale to vyžaduje převzorkování
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1052 barvy, což je potenciálně ztrátový úkon a není podporován filtrem crop.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1053 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1054
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1055 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1056 Dále, prokládané video je vzorkováno takto:
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1057 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1058
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1059 <informaltable>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1060 <?dbhtml table-width="80%" ?>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1061 <?dbfo table-width="80%" ?>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1062 <tgroup cols="16" align="center">
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1063 <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1064 <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1065 <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1066 <colspec colnum="4" colname="col4"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1067 <colspec colnum="5" colname="col5"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1068 <colspec colnum="6" colname="col6"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1069 <colspec colnum="7" colname="col7"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1070 <colspec colnum="8" colname="col8"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1071 <colspec colnum="9" colname="col9"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1072 <colspec colnum="10" colname="col10"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1073 <colspec colnum="11" colname="col11"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1074 <colspec colnum="12" colname="col12"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1075 <colspec colnum="13" colname="col13"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1076 <colspec colnum="14" colname="col14"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1077 <colspec colnum="15" colname="col15"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1078 <colspec colnum="16" colname="col16"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1079 <spanspec spanname="spa1-2" namest="col1" nameend="col2"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1080 <spanspec spanname="spa3-4" namest="col3" nameend="col4"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1081 <spanspec spanname="spa5-6" namest="col5" nameend="col6"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1082 <spanspec spanname="spa7-8" namest="col7" nameend="col8"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1083 <spanspec spanname="spa9-10" namest="col9" nameend="col10"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1084 <spanspec spanname="spa11-12" namest="col11" nameend="col12"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1085 <spanspec spanname="spa13-14" namest="col13" nameend="col14"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1086 <spanspec spanname="spa15-16" namest="col15" nameend="col16"/>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1087 <tbody>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1088 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1089 <entry namest="col1" nameend="col8">Horní půlsnímek</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1090 <entry namest="col9" nameend="col16">Spodní půlsnímek</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1091 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1092 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1093 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1094 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1095 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1096 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1097 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1098 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1099 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1100 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1101 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1102 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1103 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1104 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1105 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1106 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1107 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1108 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1109 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1110 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1111 <entry spanname="spa1-2">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1112 <entry spanname="spa3-4">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1113 <entry spanname="spa5-6">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1114 <entry spanname="spa7-8">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1115 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1116 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1117 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1118 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1119 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1120 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1121 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1122 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1123 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1124 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1125 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1126 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1127 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1128 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1129 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1130 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1131 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1132 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1133 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1134 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1135 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1136 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1137 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1138 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1139 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1140 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1141 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1142 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1143 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1144 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1145 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1146 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1147 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1148 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1149 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1150 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1151 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1152 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1153 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1154 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1155 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1156 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1157 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1158 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1159 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1160 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1161 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1162 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1163 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1164 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1165 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1166 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1167 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1168 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1169 <entry spanname="spa9-10">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1170 <entry spanname="spa11-12">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1171 <entry spanname="spa13-14">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1172 <entry spanname="spa15-16">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1173 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1174 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1175 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1176 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1177 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1178 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1179 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1180 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1181 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1182 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1183 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1184 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1185 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1186 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1187 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1188 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1189 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1190 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1191 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1192 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1193 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1194 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1195 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1196 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1197 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1198 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1199 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1200 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1201 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1202 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1203 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1204 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1205 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1206 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1207 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1208 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1209 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1210 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1211 <entry spanname="spa1-2">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1212 <entry spanname="spa3-4">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1213 <entry spanname="spa5-6">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1214 <entry spanname="spa7-8">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1215 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1216 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1217 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1218 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1219 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1220 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1221 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1222 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1223 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1224 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1225 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1226 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1227 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1228 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1229 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1230 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1231 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1232 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1233 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1234 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1235 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1236 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1237 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1238 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1239 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1240 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1241 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1242 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1243 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1244 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1245 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1246 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1247 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1248 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1249 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1250 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1251 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1252 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1253 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1254 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1255 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1256 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1257 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1258 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1259 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1260 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1261 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1262 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1263 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1264 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1265 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1266 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1267 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1268 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1269 <entry spanname="spa9-10">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1270 <entry spanname="spa11-12">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1271 <entry spanname="spa13-14">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1272 <entry spanname="spa15-16">C</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1273 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1274 <row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1275 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1276 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1277 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1278 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1279 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1280 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1281 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1282 <entry></entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1283 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1284 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1285 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1286 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1287 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1288 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1289 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1290 <entry>L</entry>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1291 </row>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1292 </tbody>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1293 </tgroup>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1294 </informaltable>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1295
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1296 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1297 Jak vidíte, tak se vzor opakuje každé 4 řádky, takže při ořezu prokládaného
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1298 videa musí být odsazení v ose y a výška beze zbytku delitelné 4.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1299 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1300
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1301 <para>
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1302 Nativní DVD rozlišení je 720x480 pro NTSC a 720x576 pro PAL, ale je zde ještě
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1303 příznak poměru stran, který udává, zda se jedná o obrazovku (full-screen)(4:3),
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1304 nebo širokoúhlý film (wide-screen)(16:9). Mnoho (jestli ne většina)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1305 širokoúhlých DVD není přesně 16:9, ale bude buď 1.85:1 anebo 2.35:1
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1306 (cinescope). To znamená, že zde budou ve videu černé okraje, které bude nutné
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1307 odstřihnout.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1308 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1309
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1310 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1311 <application>MPlayer</application> poskytuje filtr pro detekci potřebného
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1312 ořezu, který stanoví ořezový obdélník (<option>-vf cropdetect</option>).
15377
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1313 Spusťte <application>MPlayer</application> s volbou
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1314 <option>-vf cropdetect</option> a on vám vypíše nastavení filtru crop pro
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1315 ořezání okrajů.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1316 Měli byste nechat běžet film tak dlouho, dokud není použita celá plocha
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1317 obrázku, abyste dostali správné hodnoty crop.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1318 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1319
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1320 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1321 Pak otestujte získané hodnoty z příkazového řádku
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1322 <application>MPlayer</application>u vypisované <option>cropdetect</option>em
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1323 a upravte obdélník podle potřeby.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1324 V tom vám pomůže filtr <option>rectangle</option>, který interaktivně
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1325 nastavit obdélník pro váš film.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1326 Nezapomeňte zachovat výše uvedená doporučení, abyste nepoškodili barevnou
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1327 mapu.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1328 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1329
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1330 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1331 Škálování je obvykle nevhodné.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1332 Škálování prokládaného videa je obtížné a pokud chcete zachovat prokládání,
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1333 měli byste se mu úplně vyhnout.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1334 Pokud mebudete škálovat, ale budete chtít používat rozměry v násobcích 16,
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1335 budete muset oříznout i část obrazu.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1336 Neponechávejte ani malé černé okraje, jelikož se velmi špatně kódují!
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1337 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1338
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1339 <para>
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1340 Protože MPEG-4 používá makrobloky 16x16, měli byste se ujistit, že oba rozměry
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1341 videa jsou násobkem 16, jinak snížíte kvalitu, zvlášť při nízkých datových
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1342 tocích. Můžete to zajistit zaokrouhlením šířky a výšky ořezového obdélníku
15377
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1343 dolů na nejbližší násobek 16.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
1344 Jak jsme již řekli, měli byste při ořezávání zvýšit odsazení
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1345 (offset) v ose y o polovinu rozdílu mezi starou a novou výškou, takže bude
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1346 výsledné video bráno ze středu snímku. Z důvodu principu vzorkování DVD videa
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1347 se ujistěte, že je odsazení sudé číslo. (Popravdě, přijměte jako pravidlo,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1348 nikdy nepoužívat liché hodnoty pro jakýkoli z parametrů při ořezávání a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1349 škálování videa.) Pokud nechcete zahodit těch několik pixelů navíc, můžete
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1350 místo toho raději změnit velikost videa (škálovat). Na to se podíváme
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1351 v příkladu níže.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1352 V praxi můžete nechat filtr <option>cropdetect</option> udělat všechnu práci
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1353 zmíněnou výše, jelikož má volitelný parametr <option>round</option>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1354 (zaokrouhlení), jehož výchozí hodnota je 16.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1355 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1356
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1357 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1358 Rovněž buďte opatrní na "napůl černé" pixely na okrajích. Vždy je rovněž
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1359 odstřihněte, jinak zde budete plýtvat bity, které můžete použít jinde.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1360 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1361
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1362 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1363 Poté co provedete vše, co jsme si doposud řekli, budete mít video, které asi
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1364 nebude právě 1.85:1 nebo 2.35:1, ale někde poblíž. Můžete spočítat nový poměr
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1365 stran ručně, ale <application>MEncoder</application> nabízí volbu pro
15220
93c3668ccd22 100l build fixes
diego
parents: 15219
diff changeset
1366 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> nazývanou <option>autoaspect</option>,
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1367 která to za vás udělá. Nezvětšujte video jen proto, abyste dosáhli čtvercových
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1368 pixelů, pokud je vám milé místo na disku. Škálování by mělo být provedeno při
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1369 přehrávání, kdy přehrávač použije poměr stran uložený v AVI pro zajištění
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1370 správného rozlišení.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1371 Naneštěstí ne všechny přehrávače uplatňují tuto autoškálovací informaci,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1372 takže můžete přece jen chtít škálovat.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1373 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1374
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1375 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1376 Nejdřív byste si měli spočítat enkódovaný poměr stran:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1377 <systemitem>PSo = (Šo x (PSa / PRdvd )) / Vo</systemitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1378 <itemizedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1379 <title>kde:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1380 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1381 Šo a Vo jsou šířka a výška ořezaného videa,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1382 </para></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1383 <listitem><para>
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1384 PSa je zobrazovaný poměr stran, jež je obvykle 4/3 nebo 16/9,
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1385 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1386 <listitem><para>
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1387 PRdvd je poměr pixelů v DVD, který je roven 1.25=(720/576) pro DVD
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1388 v PALu a 1.5=(720/480) pro DVD v NTSC,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1389 </para></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1390 </itemizedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1391 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1392
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1393 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1394 Pak si můžete spočítat rozlišení X a Y podle určitého faktoru kvality komprese
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1395 (CQ):
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1396 <systemitem>RozY = INT(SQRT( 1000*Datový_tok/25/PSo/CQ )/16) * 16</systemitem>
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1397 a
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1398 <systemitem>RozX = INT( RozY * PSo / 16) * 16</systemitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1399 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1400
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1401 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1402 Dobře, ale co je ten CQ?
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1403 CQ odpovídá počtu bitů na pixel a na snímek v zakódování. Jinými slovy, čím
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1404 vyšší je CQ, tím nižší je šance uvidět enkódovací artefakty.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1405 Pokud ovšem máte cílový rozměr vašeho filmu (1 nebo 2 CD například), máte jen
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1406 omezené množství bitů, které můžete spotřebovat; takže je nutné najít vhodný
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1407 kompromis mezi komprimovatelností a kvalitou.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1408 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1409
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1410 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1411 CQ závisí jak na datovém toku, tak na rozlišení filmu. Abyste zvýšili CQ,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1412 obvykle zmenšíte daný film, takže je datový tok spočítán ve funkci cílové
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1413 velikosti a délky filmu, které jsou konstantní.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1414 CQ pod 0.18 obvykle vede k velmi čtverečkovanému obrazu, protože není dostatek
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1415 bitů pro zakódování informací každého makrobloku (MPEG4, stejně jako mnoho
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1416 jiných kodeků seskupuje pixely do bloků při komprimaci obrázku; pokud není
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1417 dostatek bitů, jsou viditelné hranice těchto bloků).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1418 Proto je rozumné volit CQ v rozmezí 0.20 až 0.22 pro rip na 1 CD a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1419 0.26 až 0.28 pro 2 CD.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1420 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1421
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1422 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1423 Prosíme berte v potaz, že CQ je jen informační pomůcka závisející na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1424 enkódovaném obsahu. CQ okolo 0.18 může být dostatečně dobrý pro Bergmana,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1425 na rozdíl od filmu jako je Matrix, který obsahuje mnoho rychlých scén.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1426 Na druhou stranu je zbytečné zvyšovat CQ výš než 0.30, jelikož budete plýtvat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1427 bity za minimální zisk kvality.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1428 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1429
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1430 </sect2>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1431
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1432 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-audio">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1433 <title>Zvuk</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1434
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1435 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1436 Zvuk je mnohem jednodušší problém k řešení: pokud prahnete po kvalitě, prostě
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1437 jej nechte tak jak je.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1438 Dokonce i AC3 5.1 datové proudy mají nanejvýš 448Kbitů/s a stojí za každý bit.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1439 Možná jste v pokušení převést zvuk do Ogg Vorbis při vysoké kvalitě, ale jen
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1440 proto, že dnes nemáte A/V receiver pro hardwarové dekódování AC3 neznamená,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1441 že jej nebudete mít zítra. Připravte své DVD ripy zachováním AC3 datových
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1442 proudů.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1443 Datový proud AC3 můžete zachovat buď jeho zkopírováním přímo do video proudu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1444 <link linkend="menc-feat-mpeg4">během enkódování</link>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1445 Také můžete extrahovat AC3 proud, abyste jej pak namixovali do nosičů jako je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1446 NUT nebo Matroska.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1447 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>zdrojový_soubor.vob</replaceable> -aid 129 -dumpaudio -dumpfile <replaceable>zvuk.ac3</replaceable></screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1448 vytáhne do souboru <replaceable>zvuk.ac3</replaceable> zvukovou stopu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1449 číslo 129 ze souboru <replaceable>zdrojový_soubor.vob</replaceable> (NB: DVD
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1450 VOB soubory obvykle používají odlišné číslování audia,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1451 což znamená, že VOB zvuková stopa 120 je druhou zvukovou stopou v souboru).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1452 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1453
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1454 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1455 Někdy ovšem opravdu nemáte jinou možnost než dále zkomprimovat zvuk, aby vám
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1456 zbylo více bitů na video.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1457 Většina lidí volí komprimaci buď pomocí MP3 nebo Vorbis audio kodeků.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1458 Zatímco ten druhý je efektivnější z prostorového hlediska, MP3 je lépe
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1459 podporován hardwarovými přehrávači, ačkoli časy se mění.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1460 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1461
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1462 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1463 Nejdříve ze všeho budete muset převést DVD zvuk do WAV souboru, který pak
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1464 použije zvukový kodek jako vstup.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1465 Například:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1466 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>zdrojový_soubor.vob</replaceable> -ao pcm:file=<replaceable>výsledný_zvuk.wav</replaceable> -vc dummy -aid 1 -vo null</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1467 vylije druhou zvukovou stopu ze souboru
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1468 <replaceable>zdrojový_soubor.vob</replaceable> do souboru
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1469 <replaceable>výsledný_zvuk.wav</replaceable>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1470 Měli byste normalizovat zvuk před enkódováním, protože DVD zvukové stopy jsou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1471 obvykle nahrávány při nízkých hlasitostech.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1472 Můžete například použít nástroj <application>normalize</application>, který je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1473 k dispozici ve většině distribucí.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1474 Pokud používáte Windows, stejnou práci udělá nástroj jako
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1475 <application>BeSweet</application>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1476 Komprimovat budete buď ve Vorbisu nebo MP3.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1477 Například:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1478 <screen>oggenc -q1 <replaceable>cílový_zvuk.wav</replaceable></screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1479 provede enkódování <replaceable>cílového_zvuku.wav</replaceable> s kvalitou 1,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1480 která přibližně odpovídá 80Kb/s a je to minimální kvalita na kterou byste měli
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1481 enkódovat, pokud vám záleží na kvalitě.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1482 Poznamenejme, že <application>MEncoder</application> v současnosti neumí
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1483 muxovat Vorbis zvukové stopy do výstupního souboru, protože podporuje pouze
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1484 AVI a MPEG kontejnery jako výstup. Pro oba platí, že některé přehrávače mohou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1485 mít problémy s udržením audio/video synchronizace, pokud je přítomen VBR zvuk
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1486 jako je Vorbis.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1487 Nemějte obavy, v tomto dokumentu vám ukážeme, jak to lze udělat pomocí
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1488 programů třetích stran.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1489 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1490
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1491 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1492
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1493 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-interlacing">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1494 <title>Prokládání a Telecine</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1495
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1496 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1497 Téměř veškeré filmy jsou natáčeny při 24 snímcích/s. Jelikož NTSC má
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1498 snímkovou rychlost 30000/1001 snímků/s, je třeba provést úpravu těchto
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1499 24 snímků/s videí, aby měly správnou NTSC snímkovou rychlost. Tato úprava se
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1500 jmenuje 3:2 pulldown a obecně je známa jako telecine (protože je pulldown
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1501 často prováděn během přenosu filmu na video) a, jednoduše řečeno, pracuje tak,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1502 že se film zpomalí na 24000/1001 snímků/s a každý čtvrtý snímek se zopakuje.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1503 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1504
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1505 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1506 Naopak žádné speciální úpravy se neprovádějí videu pro PAL DVD, která běží
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1507 při 25 snímcích/s. (Technicky lze na PAL provést telecine, tzv. 2:2 pulldown,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1508 ale v praxi se nepoužívá.) Film s 24 snímky/s je jednoduše přehráván rychlostí
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1509 25 snímků/s. Výsledkem je, že video běží o něco rychleji, ale pokud nejste
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1510 vetřelec, tak si rozdílu ani nevšimnete. Většina filmů má navíc výškově
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1511 korigovaný zvuk, takže při přehrávání 25 snímků/s vše zní jak má i přesto, že
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1512 zvuk (a proto i celé video) má o 4% kratší dobu přehrávání než NTSC DVD.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1513 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1514
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1515 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1516 Jelikož video na PAL DVD nebylo upravováno, nemusíte si dělat starosti s jeho
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1517 snímkovou rychlostí. Zdroj má 25 snímků/s, váš rip také. Pokud ovšem ripujete
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1518 NTSC DVD film, musíte provést inverzní telecine.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1519 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1520
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1521 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1522 Filmy točené rychlostí 24 snímků/s jsou na NTSC DVD uloženy buď jako
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1523 30000/1001 po telecine, nebo jako progresivní (neprokládaný) se snímkovou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1524 24000/1001 snímků/s, na kterých by měl provést telecine DVD přehrávač za letu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1525 Není to ale zákon: některé TV série jsou prokládané (např. Buffy Lovec upírů),
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1526 zatímco jiné jsou porůznu neprokládané nebo prokládané (např. Anděl, nebo 24
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1527 hodin).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1528 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1529
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1530 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1531 Doporučujeme, abyste si přečetli sekci o tom
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1532 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine">Jak si poradit s telecine a prokladem na NTSC DVD</link>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1533 a naučili se jak využít různé možnosti.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1534 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1535
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1536 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1537 Pokud ovšem většinou ripujete pouze filmy, nejspíš se setkáváte
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1538 s neprokládaným nebo prokládaným videem 24 snímků/s. V tom případě můžete
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1539 použít <option>pullup</option> filtr <option>-vf pullup,softskip</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1540 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1541
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1542 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1543
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1544 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-encoding-interlaced">
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1545 <title>Enkódování prokládaného videa</title>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1546
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1547 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1548 Pokud je film, který chcete enkódovat, prokládaný (NTSC video nebo
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1549 PAL video), budete si muset vybrat, zda jej chcete "odproložit" nebo ne.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1550 Zatímco odstranění prokladu učiní váš film použitelným na progresivně
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1551 vykreslovaných zobrazovačích jako jsou počítačové monitory a projektory.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1552 Cenou za to je, snížení rychlosti z 50 nebo 60000/1001 půlsnímků za sekundu
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1553 na 25 nebo 30000/1001 snímků za sekundu a zhruba polovina informací bude
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1554 z vašeho filmu ztracena ve scénách s významným množstvím pohybu.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1555 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1556
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1557 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1558 Proto pokud enkódujete ve vysoké kvalitě pro archivační účely, doporučujeme
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1559 ponechat film prokládaný.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1560 Vždy můžete provést odstranění prokladu při přehrávání pokud zobrazujete
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1561 na progresivním zařízení a přehrávače v budoucnosti budou schopny odstraňovat
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1562 proklad v plné půlsnímkové rychlosti, čili odvozovat 50 nebo 60000/1001
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1563 úplných snímků za sekundu z prokládaného videa.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1564 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1565
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1566 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1567 Když pracujete s prokládaným videem, musíte zvláště dbát na:
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1568 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1569
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1570 <orderedlist>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1571 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1572 Výška a svislé odsazení musí být násobkem 4.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1573 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1574 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1575 Jakékoli svislé škálování musí být provedeno v prokládaném režimu.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1576 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1577 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1578 Postprocesní a odšumovací filtry nemusí pracovat podle očekávání,
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1579 dokud nezařídíte, aby zpracovávaly najednou pouze jeden půlsnímek a
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1580 mohou vám poškodit video při nesprávném použití.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1581 </para></listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1582 </orderedlist>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1583
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1584 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1585 S vědomím těchto souvislostí vám předkládáme první příklad:
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1586 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1587 <screen>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1588 mencoder <replaceable>capture.avi</replaceable> -mc 0 -oac lavc -ovc lavc -lavcopts \
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1589 vcodec=mpeg2video:vbitrate=6000:ilmv:ildct:acodec=mp2:abitrate=224
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1590 </screen>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1591 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1592 Povšimněte si voleb <option>ilmv</option> a <option>ildct</option>.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1593 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
1594 </sect2>
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1595
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1596 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-filtering">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1597 <title>Filtrování</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1598
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1599 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1600 Obecně byste měli filtrovat video tak málo, jak je to jen možné, abyste
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1601 zůstali co nejblíž DVD originálu. Ořezání je často nutné (jak jsme již řekli),
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1602 ale neškálujte video. Ačkoli zmenšení rozlišení je občas upřednostňováno před
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1603 použitím vyšších kvantizerů, musíme se vyhnout oběma případům: pamatujme, že
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1604 jsme se již na začátku rozhodli obětovat bity za kvalitu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1605 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1606
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1607 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1608 Rovněž neupravujte gamu, kontrast, jas, atd. Co vypadá dobře na vaší
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1609 obrazovce, nemusí vypadat dobře na jiných. Tato přizpůsobení by měla být
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1610 prováděna pouze při přehrávání.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1611 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1612
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1613 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1614 Jednu věc byste však udělat měli, a to protáhnout video velmi lehkým
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1615 odšumovací filtr, jako je <option>-vf hqdn3d=2:1:2</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1616 Opět je to proto, abychom mohli některé bity lépe využít: proč s nimi plýtvat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1617 na šum, když si jej můžete přidat při přehrávání? Zvýšení parametrů pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1618 <option>hqdn3d</option> ještě více zvýší komprimovatelnost, ale pokud to
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1619 přeženete, riskujete zhoršení viditelnosti obrazu. Doporučené hodnoty okolo
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1620 (<option>2:1:2</option>) jsou dost konzervativní; měli byste volně
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1621 experimentovat s vyššími hodnotami a posoudit výsledek sami.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1622 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1623
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1624 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1625
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1626 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-lavc-encoding-options">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1627 <title>Enkódovací volby libavcodecu</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1628
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1629 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1630 V ideálním případě byste asi chtěli jen říct enkodéru, aby se přepnul do
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1631 režimu "vysoká kvalita" a šel na to.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1632 To by bylo jistě hezké, ale naneštěstí je to těžké zavést, jelikož různé
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1633 volby enkódování vedou k různé kvalitě v závislosti na zdrojovém materiálu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1634 To proto, že komprese závisí na vizuálních vlastnostech daného videa.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1635 Například anime a živá akce mají zcela rozdílné vlastnosti a tedy vyžadují
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1636 odlišné volby pro dosažení optimálního enkódování.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1637 Dobrá zpráva je, že některé volby by nikdy neměly chybět, jako
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1638 <option>mbd=2</option>, <option>trell</option> a <option>v4mv</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1639 Podrobný popis obvyklých enkódovacích voleb naleznete níže.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1640 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1641
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1642
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1643 <itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1644 <title>Volby k nastavení:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1645 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1646 <emphasis role="bold">vmax_b_frames</emphasis>: 1 nebo 2 je v pořádku,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1647 v závislosti na filmu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1648 Poznamenejme, že libavcodec zatím nepodporuje uzavřený GOP (volba
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1649 <option>cgop</option> zatím nepracuje), takže DivX5 nebude schopen dekódovat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1650 nic enkódovaného s B-snímky.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1651 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1652
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1653 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1654 <emphasis role="bold">vb_strategy=1</emphasis>: pomáhá ve scénách s rychlým
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1655 pohybem.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1656 Vyžaduje vmax_b_frames >= 2.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1657 V některých videích může vmax_b_frames snížit kvalitu, ale vmax_b_frames=2
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1658 spolu s vb_strategy=1 pomůže.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1659 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1660
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1661 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1662 <emphasis role="bold">dia</emphasis>: okruh vyhledávání pohybu. Čím větší, tím
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1663 lepší a pomalejší.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1664 Záporné hodnoty mají úplně jiný význam.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1665 Dobrými hodnotami jsou -1 pro rychlé enkódování, nebo 2-4 pro pomalejší.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1666 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1667
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1668 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1669 <emphasis role="bold">predia</emphasis>: předprůchod pro vyhledávání pohybu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1670 Není tak důležitý jako dia. Dobré hodnoty jsou 1 (výchozí) až 4. Vyžaduje
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1671 preme=2, aby byla opravdu k něčemu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1672 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1673
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1674 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1675 <emphasis role="bold">cmp, subcmp, precmp</emphasis>: Porovnávací funkce pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1676 odhad pohybu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1677 Experimentujte s hodnotami 0 (výchozí), 2 (hadamard), 3 (dct) a 6 (omezení
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1678 datového toku).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1679 0 je nejrychlejší a dostatečná pro precmp.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1680 Pro cmp a subcmp je 2 dobrá pro anime a 3 zase pro živou akci.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1681 6 může, ale nemusí být o něco lepší, ale je pomalá.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1682 </para></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1683
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1684 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1685 <emphasis role="bold">last_pred</emphasis>: Počet prediktorů pohybu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1686 přebíraných z předchozího snímku.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1687 1-3 nebo tak pomůžou za cenu menšího zdržení.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1688 Vyšší hodnoty jsou však pomalé a nepřináší žádný další užitek.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1689 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1690
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1691 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1692 <emphasis role="bold">cbp, mv0</emphasis>: Ovládá výběr makrobloků.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1693 Malá ztráta rychlosti za malý zisk kvality.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1694 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1695
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1696 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1697 <emphasis role="bold">qprd</emphasis>: adaptivní kvantizace založená na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1698 komplexnosti makrobloku.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1699 Může pomoci i uškodit v závislosti na videu a ostatních volbách.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1700 Toto může způsobovat artefakty, pokud nenastavíte vqmax na nějakou rozumně
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1701 malou hodnotu (6 je dobrá, možná byste ale měli jít až na 4); vqmin=1 může
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1702 také pomoci.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1703 </para></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1704
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1705 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1706 <emphasis role="bold">qns</emphasis>: velmi pomalá, zvlášť v kombinaci
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1707 s qprd.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1708 Tato volba nutí enkodér minimalizovat šum díky kompresi artefaktů, místo aby
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1709 se snažil striktně zachovávat věrnost videa. Nepoužívejte ji, pokud jste již
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1710 nezkusili všechno ostatní kam až to šlo a výsledek přesto není dost dobrý.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1711 </para></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1712
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1713 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1714 <emphasis role="bold">vqcomp</emphasis>: Vylepšení ovládání datového toku.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1715 Dobré hodnoty se liší podle videa. Můžete to bezpečně ponechat jak to je,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1716 pokud chcete.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1717 Snížením vqcomp pustíte více bitů do scén s nízkou komplexností, zvýšením je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1718 pošlete do scén s vysokou komplexností (výchozí: 0.5, rozsah: 0-1. doporučený
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1719 rozsah: 0.5-0.7).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1720 </para></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1721
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1722 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1723 <emphasis role="bold">vlelim, vcelim</emphasis>: Nastaví jediný koeficient
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1724 prahu eliminace pro jasové a barevné roviny.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1725 Ty jsou enkódovány odděleně ve všech MPEGu podobných algoritmech.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1726 Myšlenka stojící za těmito volbami je použití dobré heuristiky pro určení,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1727 zda je změna v bloku menší než vámi nastavený práh a v tom případě se blok
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1728 enkóduje jako "nezměněný".
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1729 To šetří bity a možná i zrychlí enkódování. vlelim=-4 a vcelim=9 se zdají být
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1730 dobré pro hrané filmy, ale příliš nepomohou s anime; pokud enkódujete anime,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1731 měli byste je asi nechat beze změn.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1732 </para></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1733
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1734 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1735 <emphasis role="bold">qpel</emphasis>: Odhad pohybu s přesností na čtvrt
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1736 pixelu. MPEG-4 používá přesnost na půl pixelu jako výchozí při vyhledávání
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1737 pohybu, proto je tato volba spojena s určitou režií, jelikož se do výstupního
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1738 souboru ukládá více informací.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1739 Kompresní zisk/ztráta závisí na filmu, ale obvykle to není příliš efektivní
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1740 na anime.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1741 qpel vždy způsobí zvýšení výpočetní náročnosti dekódování (v praxi +20% času
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1742 CPU).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1743 </para></listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1744
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1745 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1746 <emphasis role="bold">psnr</emphasis>: neovlivní aktuální enkódování, ale
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1747 zaznamená typ/velikost/kvalitu každého snímku do log souboru a na konci vypíše
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1748 souhrnný PSNR (odstup signálu od šumu).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1749 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1750
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1751 </itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1752
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1753 <itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1754 <title>Volby se kterými nedoporučujeme si hrát:</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1755 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1756 <emphasis role="bold">vme</emphasis>: Výchozí je nejlepší.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1757 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1758
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1759 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1760 <emphasis role="bold">lumi_mask, dark_mask</emphasis>: Psychovizuálně
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1761 adaptivní kvantizace.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1762 Nehrajte si s těmito volbami, pokud vám jde o kvalitu. Rozumné hodnoty mohou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1763 být efektivní ve vašem případě, ale pozor, je to velmi subjektivní.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1764 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1765
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1766 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1767 <emphasis role="bold">scplx_mask</emphasis>: Snaží se předcházet blokovým
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1768 artefaktům, ale postprocesing je lepší.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1769 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1770 </itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1771
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1772 </sect2>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1773
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1774 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-example">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1775 <title>Příklad</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1776
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1777 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1778 Takže jste si koupili zbrusu novou kopii filmu Harry Potter a Tajemná komnata
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1779 (širokoúhlou verzi samozřejmě) a chcete si toto DVD ripnout, takže si jej
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1780 můžete přidat do svého Domácího kino-počítače PC. Je to region 1 DVD, takže je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1781 v NTSC. Níže uvedený příklad je stále vhodný i pro PAL, jen musíte vynechat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1782 <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option> (protože výstupní snímková rychlost je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1783 shodná se vstupní) a přirozeně budou rozdílné souřadnice pro ořez.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1784 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1785
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1786 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1787 Po spuštění <option>mplayer dvd://1</option>, postupujeme podle informací
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1788 obsažených v sekci <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine">Jak naložit s telecine
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1789 a prokladem v NTSC DVD</link> a zjistíme že je to 24000/1001 neprokládané
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1790 video, takže nepotřebujeme použít inverzní telecine filtr, jako je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1791 <option>pullup</option> nebo <option>filmdint</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1792 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1793
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1794 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1795 Dále musíme zjistit vhodný ořezový obdélník, takže použijeme filtr cropdetect:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1796
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1797 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -vf cropdetect</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1798
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1799 Ujistěte se, že jste přešli přes zaplněný snímek (nějakou jasnou scénu) a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1800 v konzoli <application>MPlayer</application>u uvidíte:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1801
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1802 <screen>crop area: X: 0..719 Y: 57..419 (-vf crop=720:362:0:58)</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1803
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1804 Potom přehrajeme film s tímto filtrem, abychom otestovali jeho správnost:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1805
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1806 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -vf crop=720:362:0:58</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1807
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1808 A zjistíme, že to vypadá zcela v pořádku. Dále se ujistíme, že šířka i výška
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1809 jsou násobky 16. Šířka je v pořádku, výška ovšem ne. Protože jsme nepropadli
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1810 v sedmé třídě z matematiky, víme, že nejbližším násobkem 16 nižším než 362 je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1811 352.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1812 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1813
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1814 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1815 Mohli bychom použít <option>crop=720:352:0:58</option>, ale bude lepší
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1816 ustřihnout kousek nahoře i dole, takže zachováme střed. Zkrátili jsme výšku
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1817 o 10 pixelů, ale nechceme zvýšit odsazení y o 5 pixelů, protože je to liché
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1818 číslo, což by nepříznivě ovlivnilo kvalitu. Místo toho zvýšíme odsazení y o 4
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1819 pixely:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1820
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1821 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -vf crop=720:352:0:62</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1822
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1823 Další důvod pro odstřižení pixelů shora i zdola je to, že si můžeme být jisti
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1824 odstřižením napůl černých pixelů pokud existují. Pokud je však vaše video
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1825 telecinováno, ujistěte se, že máte v řetězu filtrů <option>pullup</option>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1826 filtr (nebo jiný filtr pro inverzi telecine, který hodláte použít) ještě před
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1827 odstraněním prokladu a ořezem. (Pokud se rozhodnete zachovat vaše video
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1828 prokládané, pak se ujistěte, že vaše vertikální odsazení (offset)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1829 je násobkem 4.)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1830 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1831
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1832 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1833 Pokud si děláte starosti se ztrátou těch 10 pixelů, možná raději snížíte
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1834 rozměry na nejbližší násobek 16. Řetězec filtrů by pak vypadal asi takto:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1835
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1836 <screen>-vf crop=720:362:0:58,scale=720:352</screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1837
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1838 Takovéto zmenšení videa bude znamenat ztrátu malého množství detailů, což bude
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1839 pravděpodobně stěží postřehnutelné. Zvětšování by naopak vedlo ke snížení
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1840 kvality (pokud byste nezvýšili datový tok). Ořez odstraní tyto pixely úplně.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1841 To je jedna z věcí, kterou byste si měli uvážit pro každý případ zvlášť.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1842 Například pokud bylo DVD video vyrobeno pro televizi, měli byste se vyvarovat
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1843 vertikálnímu škálování, jelikož počet řádků odpovídá originální nahrávce.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1844 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1845
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1846 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1847 Při prohlídce jsme zjistili, že video je poměrně akční, s vysokým počtem
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1848 detailů, takže jsme zvolili datový tok 2400 Kbitů.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1849 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1850
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1851 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1852 Nyní jsme připraveni provést dvouprůchodové enkódování. Průchod jedna:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1853
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1854 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -ofps 24000/1001 -oac copy -vf crop=720:352:0:62,hqdn3d=2:1:2 -ovc lavc \
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1855 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=2400:v4mv:mbd=2:trell:cmp=3:subcmp=3:mbcmp=3:autoaspect:vpass=1 \
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1856 -o Harry_Potter_2.avi</screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1857
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1858 A průchod dva je stejný, jen nastavíme <option>vpass=2</option>:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1859
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1860 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -ofps 24000/1001 -oac copy -vf crop=720:352:0:62,hqdn3d=2:1:2 -ovc lavc \
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1861 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=2400:v4mv:mbd=2:trell:cmp=3:subcmp=3:mbcmp=3:autoaspect:vpass=2 \
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1862 -o Harry_Potter_2.avi</screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1863 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1864
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1865 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1866 Volby <option>v4mv:mbd=2:trell</option> velmi zvýší kvalitu za cenu časové
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1867 náročnosti enkódování. Vcelku není důvod tuto volbu vypustit, pokud je
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1868 primárním cílem kvalita. Volby <option>cmp=3:subcmp=3:mbcmp=3</option>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1869 vyberou porovnávací funkci, která poskytuje lepší kvalitu, než výchozí.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1870 S tímto parametrem můžete zkusit experimentovat (nahlédněte do man stránky pro
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1871 seznam možných hodnot), jelikož různé funkce mohou mít velký vliv na kvalitu
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1872 v závislosti na zdrojovém materiálu. Například pokud zjistíte, že
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1873 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> produkuje příliš mnoho
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1874 čtverečkových artefaktů, můžete zkusit zvolit experimentální NSSE jako
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1875 porovnávací funkci přes <option>*cmp=10</option>.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1876 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1877
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1878 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1879 V případě tohoto filmu bude výsledné AVI dlouhé 138 minut a veliké kolem 3GB.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1880 A protože jste řekli, že na velikosti nezáleží, je to přijatelná velikost.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1881 Ale pokud byste jej chtěli menší, můžete zkusit nižší datový tok.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1882 Efekt zvyšování datového toku se totiž neustále snižuje, takže zatímco je
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1883 zlepšení po zvýšení z 1800 Kbitů na 2000 Kbitů zjevné, nemusí být již tak
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1884 velké nad 2000 Kbitů. Beze všeho s tím experimentujte, dokud nebudete
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1885 spokojeni.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1886 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1887
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1888 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1889 Jelikož jsme protáhli video odšumovacím filtrem, měli bychom jej trochu přidat
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1890 během přehrávání. To, spolu s <option>spp</option> post-procesním filtrem,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1891 znatelně zvýší vnímanou kvalitu a pomůže odstranit čtverečkové artefakty ve
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1892 videu. S <application>MPlayer</application>ovou volbou <option>autoq</option>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1893 může být množství postprocesingu prováděného filtrem spp přizpůsobováno
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1894 vytížení CPU. V tuto chvíli rovněž můžete provést korekci gama a/nebo barevnou
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1895 korekci k dosažení nejlepších výsledků. Například:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1896
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1897 <screen>mplayer Harry_Potter_2.avi -vf spp,noise=9ah:5ah,eq2=1.2 -autoq 3</screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1898
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1899 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1900 </sect2>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1901
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1902 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-muxing">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1903 <title>Muxování (multiplexování)</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1904 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1905 Nyní, když máte své video enkódované, budete jej nejspíš chtít muxovat
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1906 s jedním nebo více zvukovými stopami do nosného filmového formátu, jako je
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1907 AVI, MPEG, Matroska nebo NUT.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1908 <application>MEncoder</application> je zatím schopen zvuk a video zapracovat
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1909 pouze do nosných formátů MPEG a AVI.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1910 Například:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1911 <screen>mencoder -oac copy -ovc copy -o <replaceable>výstupní_film.avi</replaceable> -audiofile <replaceable>vstupní_audio.mp2</replaceable> <replaceable>vstupní_video.avi</replaceable></screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1912 To by mělo sloučit video soubor <replaceable>vstupní_video.avi</replaceable>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1913 a zvukový soubor <replaceable>vstupní_audio.mp2</replaceable>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1914 do AVI souboru <replaceable>výstupní_film.avi</replaceable>.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1915 Tento příkaz pracuje s MPEG-1 layer I, II a III (známým jako MP3) zvukem,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1916 WAV a také několika dalšími formáty zvuku.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1917 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1918
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1919 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1920 <application>MEncoder</application> obsahuje experimentální podporu pro
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1921 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>, což je knihovna
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1922 z projektu FFmpeg, která podporuje muxování a demuxování celé řady nosných
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1923 formátů.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1924 Například:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1925 <screen>mencoder -oac copy -ovc copy -o <replaceable>výstupní_film.asf</replaceable> -audiofile <replaceable>vstupní_audio.mp2</replaceable> <replaceable>vstupní_video.avi</replaceable> -of lavf -lavfopts format=asf</screen>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1926 To provede stejnou činnost jako předchozí příklad, avšak výstupním formátem
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1927 bude ASF.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1928 Prosím berte na vědomí, že tato podpora je velmi experimentální (ale de ode
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1929 dne lepší) a bude funkční pouze pokud jste zkompilovali
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1930 <application>MPlayer</application> s podporou pro
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1931 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> (což znamená, že
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1932 předkompilovaná binární verze nebude většinou fungovat).
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1933 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1934
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1935 <sect3 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-muxing-avi-limitations">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1936 <title>Limitace nosného formátu AVI</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1937 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1938 Ačkoli je to po MPEG-1 nejpodporovanější nosný formát, má AVI i jisté
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1939 zásadní nedostatky. Snad nejviditelnější je režie.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1940 Na každý chunk AVI souboru je 24 bajtů ztraceno na hlavičky a index.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1941 To se projeví asi 5 MP na hodinu, neboli 1-2.5% prodloužení 700 MB filmu.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1942 Nevypadá to jako mnoho, ale může to znamenat rozdíl mezi možností použít
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1943 video při 700 kbitech/s nebo 714 kbitech/s a tady se každý bit projeví na
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1944 kvalitě.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1945 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1946
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1947 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1948 Navíc k této neefektivitě má AVI také následující hlavní omezení:
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1949 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1950
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1951 <orderedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1952 <listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1953 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1954 Může být uchováván pouze obsah s konstantní snímkovou rychlostí. To je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1955 zvláště omezující, když má původní materiál, který chcete enkódovat, smíšený
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1956 obsah. Například směs NTSC videa a filmového materiálu.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1957 Jistěže jsou zde cestičky, které umožní uložit obsah se smíšenou snímkovou
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1958 rychlostí v AVI, ale ty zvyšují (již tak velkou) režii pětinásobně nebo víc,
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1959 proto nejsou praktické.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1960 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1961 </listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1962 <listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1963 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1964 Zvuk v AVI musí mít buď konstantní datový tok (CBR) nebo konstantní velikost
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1965 rámce (čili všechny rámce se dekódují na stejný počet vzorků).
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1966 Naneštěstí ten nejefektivnější kodek, Vorbis, nesplňuje ani jeden z těchto
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1967 požadavků.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1968 Pokud tedy plánujete uložit svůj film do AVI, budete muset použít méně
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1969 efektivní kodek, jako MP3 nebo AC3.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1970 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1971 </listitem>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1972 </orderedlist>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1973
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1974 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1975 Z výše uvedených důvodů <application>MEncoder</application> zatím
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1976 nepodporuje proměnnou snímkovou rychlost ani enkódování do Vorbisu.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1977 Nemusíte to však považovat za omezení, jestliže je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1978 <application>MEncoder</application> jediným nástrojem pro vaše
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1979 enkódování. Nakonec je možné použít <application>MEncoder</application> pouze
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1980 pro enkódování videa a pak použít externí nástroje pro enkódování zvuku a
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1981 namuxování do jiného nosného formátu.
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1982 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1983 </sect3>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1984
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1985 <sect3 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-muxing-matroska">
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1986 <title>Muxování do nosného formátu Matroska</title>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1987 <para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1988 Matroska je svobodný a otevřený standard nosného formátu, zaměřený na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1989 nabídku mnoha pokročilých vlastností, které starší nosné formáty, jako AVI,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1990 nemohou poskytnout.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1991 Například Matroska podporuje zvuk s proměnným datovým tokem (VBR),
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1992 proměnné snímkové rychlosti (VFR), kapitoly, přílohy souborů, kód pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1993 detekci chyb (EDC) a moderní A/V kodeky jako "Advanced Audio
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1994 Coding" (AAC), "Vorbis" nebo "MPEG-4 AVC" (H.264), z nichž žádný nelze
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1995 použít v AVI.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1996 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1997
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1998 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
1999 Nástroje pro vytváření Matroska souborů jsou souhrnně nazvány
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2000 <application>mkvtoolnix</application> a jsou dostupné pro většinu Unixových
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2001 platforem a stejně tak <application>Windows</application>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2002 Protože je Matroska otevřený standard, můžete najít jiné nástroje, které vám
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2003 lépe padnou, ale protože mkvtoolnix je nejrozšířenější a je podporován
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2004 přímo Matroska týmem, pokryjeme jen jejich použití.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2005 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2006
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2007 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2008 Asi nejsnazší způsob, jak začít s Matroskou je použít
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2009 <application>MMG</application>, grafickou nadstavbu dodávanou s
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2010 <application>mkvtoolnix</application> a řídit se
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2011 <ulink url="http://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/doc/mkvmerge-gui.html">návodem k mkvmerge GUI (mmg)</ulink>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2012 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2013
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2014 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2015 Můžete rovněž muxovat zvukové a video soubory z příkazového řádku:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2016 <screen>mkvmerge -o <replaceable>výstup.mkv</replaceable> <replaceable>vstupní_video.avi</replaceable> <replaceable>vstupní_audio1.mp3</replaceable> <replaceable>vstupní_audio2.ac3</replaceable></screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2017 To spojí video soubor <replaceable>vstupní_video.avi</replaceable>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2018 a dva zvukové soubory <replaceable>vstupní_audio1.mp3</replaceable>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2019 a <replaceable>vstupní_audio2.ac3</replaceable> do Matroska souboru
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2020 <replaceable>výstup.mkv</replaceable>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2021 Matroska, jak jsme již řekli, umí mnohem víc než to, jako více zvukových stop
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2022 (včetně doladění audio/video synchronizace), kapitoly, titulky, stříhání,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2023 atd...
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2024 Detaily naleznete v dokumentaci k těmto aplikacím.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2025 </para>
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2026
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jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2027 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2028
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2029 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2030
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2031 </sect1>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2032
15377
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2033 <sect1 id="menc-feat-x264">
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2034 <title>Enkódování s <systemitem class="library">x264</systemitem> kodekem</title>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2035 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2036 <systemitem class="library">x264</systemitem> je svobodná knihovna pro
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2037 enkódování H.264/AVC video proudů.
15377
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2038 Pře zahájením enkódování budete muset <link linkend="codec-x264-encode">
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2039 nastavit její podporu v<application>MEncoder</application>u</link>.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2040 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2041
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2042 <sect2 id="menc-feat-x264-intro">
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2043 <title>Jaké volby bychom měli nastavit pro nejlepší výsledky?</title>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2044
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2045 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2046 Začněte prosím prostudováním části
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2047 <systemitem class="library">x264</systemitem> v man stránce
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2048 <application>MPlayer</application>u.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2049 Tato sekce je zamýšlena jako doplněk man stránky.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2050 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2051
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2052 <orderedlist>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2053 <title>Obecně jsou zde tři typy uvažování při volbě vhodných voleb enkodéru:
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2054 </title>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2055 <listitem><para>Časová náročnost enkódování vs. kvalita</para></listitem>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2056 <listitem><para>Volby rozhodující o typu snímků</para></listitem>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2057 <listitem><para>Volby ovlivňující kontrolu datového toku a kvantizaci</para></listitem>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2058 </orderedlist>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2059
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2060 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2061 Tento návod se většinou zaměřuje na první skupinu voleb.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2062 Další dvě skupiny často záleží na osobních preferencích a individuálních
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2063 požadavcích.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2064 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2065
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2066 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2067 Než budeme pokračovat, poznamenejme, že tento návod používá jediné měřítko
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2068 kvality: celkový PSNR.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2069 Stručné vysvětlení co je to PSNR, naleznete
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2070 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSNR">ve Wikipedii pod heslem PSNR</ulink>.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2071 Celkové PSNR je poslední hlášené PSNR číslo při zařazení volby
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2072 <option>psnr</option> v <option>x264encopts</option>.
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2073 Kdykoli píšeme o PSNR, je jedním z předpokladů tohoto sdělení
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2074 to, že jsou použity shodné datové toky.
15377
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2075 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2076
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2077 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2078 Téměř všechny komentáře v tomto návodu předpokládají, že enkódujete
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2079 dvouprůchodově.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2080 Při porovnávání voleb jsou zde dva hlavní důvody pro použití dvouprůchodového
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2081 enkódování.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2082 Zaprvé, dvouprůchodové enkódování vám získá zhruba 1dB PSNR, což je
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2083 znatelný rozdíl.
15377
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2084 Zadruhé, testování voleb pomocí přímého porovnání kvality v jednoprůchodových
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2085 výsledcích je pochybné, jelikož se datový tok značně liší s každým
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2086 enkódováním.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2087 Není vždy snadné určit, zda se změnila kvalita díky změně voleb, nebo
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2088 z větší části odpovídají změnám datového toku.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2089 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2090
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2091 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2092 Z voleb, které umožňují vyměnit čas za kvalitu, jsou obvykle nejdůležitější
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2093 <option>subq</option> a <option>frameref</option>.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2094 Máte-li zájem ovlivnit jak rychlost, tak kvalitu, jsou to první volby,
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2095 které byste měli zvážit.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2096 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2097
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2098 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2099 Ve smyslu rychlosti se spolu volby <option>frameref</option> a
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2100 <option>subq</option> velmi silně ovlivňují.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2101 Zkušenosti ukazují, že při jednom referenčním snímku si
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2102 <option>subq=5</option> vezme asi o 35% více času než
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2103 <option>subq=1</option>.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2104 Při 6 referenčních snímcích naroste spomalení nad 60%.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2105 Vliv <option>subq</option> na PSNR se zdá být poměrně stálý,
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2106 bez ohledu na počet referenčních snímků.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2107 Typicky <option>subq=5</option> získá 0.2-0.5 dB
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2108 celkového PSNR přes <option>subq=1</option>.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2109 To je obvykle již viditelné.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2110 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2111
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2112 </sect2>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2113
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2114 <sect2 id="menc-feat-x264-encoding-options">
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2115 <title>Enkódovací volby x264</title>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2116
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2117 <itemizedlist>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2118 <listitem><para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2119 <emphasis role="bold">frameref</emphasis>:
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2120 Výchozí nastavení <option>frameref</option> je 1, ale nemělo by to být bráno
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2121 tak, že je rozumné nastavovat jej na 1.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2122 Pouhé zvýšení <option>frameref</option> na 2 získá okolo
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2123 0.15dB PSNR s 5-10% spomalením, což je zřejmě dobrý obchod.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2124 <option>frameref=3</option> získá kolem 0.25dB PSNR navíc k
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2125 <option>frameref=1</option>, což již může být viditelný
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2126 rozdíl.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2127 <option>frameref=3</option> je asi o 15% pomalejší než
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2128 <option>frameref=1</option>.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2129 Naneštěstí se zisk rychle vytrácí.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2130 Prř <option>frameref=6</option> můžete očekávat zisk pouze
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2131 0.05-0.1 dB nad <option>frameref=3</option> při dodatečném
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2132 15% zpomalení.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2133 Nad <option>frameref=6</option> je zisk kvality obvykle velmi malý
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2134 (ačkoli byste měli mít na paměti, že se to může výrazně lišit v závislosti
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2135 na zdrojovém materiálu).
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2136 V poměrně typickém případě zlepší <option>frameref=12</option>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2137 celkový PSNR o pouhé 0.02dB nad <option>frameref=6</option>,
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2138 při spomalení o 15%-20%.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2139 Při tak vysokých hodnotách <option>frameref</option> lze říct pouze
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2140 jedinou dobrou věc, a to že jejich další zvyšování téměř nikdy
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2141 <emphasis role="bold">nesníží</emphasis> PSNR, ale další zisk kvality
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2142 je stěží měřitelný, natož viditelný.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2143 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2144 <note><title>Poznámka:</title>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2145 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2146 Zvýšení <option>frameref</option> na nemístně vysokou hodnotu
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2147 <emphasis role="bold">může</emphasis> a
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2148 <emphasis role="bold">obvykle taky sníží</emphasis>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2149 efektivitu kódování, pokud vypnete CABAC.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2150 Se zapnutým CABAC (výchozí chování) se zdá být možnost nastavit
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2151 <option>frameref</option> "příliš vysoko" příliš vzdálená na to,
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2152 abyste se tím museli trápit a v budoucnu mohou optimalizace
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2153 tuto možnost zcela vyloučit.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2154 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2155 </note>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2156 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2157 Pokud vám záleží na rychlosti, bývá vhodným kompromisem použít
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2158 nízké hodnoty <option>subq</option> a <option>frameref</option>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2159 v prvním průchodu a zvýšit je ve druhém.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2160 Typicky to má zanedbatelný záporný vliv na konečnou kvalitu:
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2161 Pravděpodobně stratíte méně než 0.1dB PSNR, což by měl být až příliš
15377
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2162 malý rozdíl, než aby byl vidět.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2163 Odlišné hodnoty <option>frameref</option> však mohou místy ovlivnit
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2164 volbu typu snímku.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2165 Nejspíš to budou ojedinělé případy, ale chcete-li si být zcela jisti,
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2166 zjistěte, jestli vaše video obsahuje buď blýskavé vzory přes celou obrazovku,
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2167 nebo rozsáhlé krátkodobé změny, které by mohly vynutit I-snímek.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2168 Nastavte <option>frameref</option> pro první průchod tak, aby byl
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2169 dostatečně velký pro pokrytí doby bliknutí (nebo změny).
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2170 Například, pokud scéna přepíná tam a zpět mezi dvěma obrázky přes tři snímky,
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2171 nastavte <option>frameref</option> pro první průchod na 3 a více.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2172 Tento případ je nejspíš zcela ojedinělý v hraných filmech, ale občas se
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2173 vyskytuje v záznamech z videoher.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2174 </para></listitem>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2175
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2176 <listitem><para>
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2177 <emphasis role="bold">me</emphasis>:
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2178 Tato volba je určena pro výběr metody vyhledávání pohybu.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2179 Změnou této volby jednoduše měníte poměr kvalita-versus-rychlost.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2180 Volba <option>me=1</option> je jen o málo procent rychlejší než
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2181 výchozí vyhledávání za cenu pod 0.1dB globálního PSNR.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2182 Výchozí nastavení (<option>me=2</option>) je rozumným kompromisem
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2183 mezi rychlostí a kvalitou. Volba <option>me=3</option> získá o trošku méně
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2184 než 0.1dB globální PSNR, při spomalení, které se liší v závislosti na
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2185 <option>frameref</option>. Při vysokých hodnotách
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2186 <option>frameref</option> (řekněme 12 nebo tak), je <option>me=3</option>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2187 asi o 40% pomalejší než výchozí <option> me=2</option>. Při
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2188 <option>frameref=3</option>, klesne způsobené spomalení na
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2189 25%-30%.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2190 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2191 <para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2192 Volba <option>me=4</option> používá tak rozsáhlé vyhledávání, že je příliš
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2193 pomalá pro praktické využití.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2194 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2195 </listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2196
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2197 <listitem><para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2198 <emphasis role="bold">4x4mv</emphasis>:
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2199 Tato volba zapíná použití podčástí 8x4, 4x8 a 4x4 v predikovaných
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2200 makroblocích. Její aktivace vede k poměrně stálé
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2201 10%-15% ztrátě rychlosti. Tato volba je poměrně neužitečná ve zdroji
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2202 obsahujícím pouze pomalý pohyb, naproti tomu u některých zdrojů s rychlým
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2203 pohybem, přesněji zdrojů s velkým množstvím malých pohyblivých objektů,
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2204 můžete očekávat zisk okolo 0.1dB.
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2205 </para>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2206 </listitem>
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2207
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2208 <listitem><para>
15377
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2209 <emphasis role="bold">bframes</emphasis>:
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2210 Použitelnost B-snímků je ve většině ostatních kodeků diskutabilní.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2211 V H.264 se to změnilo: jsou zde nové techniky a typy bloků pro použití
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2212 v B-snímcích.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2213 Obvykle i naivní algoritmus pro výběr B-snímku může zajistit znatelný
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2214 zisk PSNR.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2215 Také je zajímavé, že pokud vypnete adaptivní rozhodování o B-snímku
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2216 (<option>nob_adapt</option>), zvýší obvykle enkódování s
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2217 <option>bframes</option> o trochu rychlost enkódování.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2218 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2219 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2220 S vypnutým adaptivním rozhodováním o B-snímku
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2221 (<option>x264encopts</option>'s <option>nob_adapt</option>),
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2222 se optimální hodnota této volby obvykle pohybuje od
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2223 <option>bframes=1</option> do <option>bframes=3</option>.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2224 Se zapnutým adaptivním rozhodováním o B-snímku (výchozí chování),
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2225 je obvykle bezpečné použít vyšší hodnoty; enkodér se pokusí snížit
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2226 použití B-snímků ve scénách, kde by snížily kompresi.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2227 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2228 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2229 Pokud vůbec použijete <option>bframes</option>, zvažte
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2230 nastavení maximálního počtu B-snímků na 2 nebo více, pokud chcete
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2231 těžit z vážené predikce.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2232 </para></listitem>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2233
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2234 <listitem><para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2235 <emphasis role="bold">b_adapt</emphasis>:
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2236 Poznámka: Výchozí je zapnuto.
15377
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2237 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2238 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2239 Je-li tato volba zapnuta, bude enkodér používat jendoduchou
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2240 heuristiku pro snížení počtu B-snímků ve scénách, kde by jejich
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2241 použitím příliš nezískaly.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2242 Můžete použít <option>b_bias</option> pro nastavení jak přátelský
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2243 bude enkodér k B-snímkům.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2244 Spomalení působené adaptivními B-snímky je nyní spíše malé, ale
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2245 stejně tak potenciální zisk kvality.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2246 Obvykle však nijak neškodí.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2247 Poznamenejme, že ovlivňuje rychlost a rozhodování o typu snímku pouze
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2248 v prvním průchodu.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2249 <option>b_adapt</option> a <option>b_bias</option> nemají žádný vliv
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2250 v náslydných průchodech.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2251 </para></listitem>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2252
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2253 <listitem><para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2254 <emphasis role="bold">b_pyramid</emphasis>:
15675
8af96ea2739a Synced with 1.70
jheryan
parents: 15377
diff changeset
2255 Pokud používáte >=2 B-snímky, můžete také zapnout tuto volbu; jak
15377
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2256 říká man stránka, dostanete malé zvýšení kvality bez ztráty rychlosti.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2257 Poznamenejme, že tato videa nelze číst dekodéry založenými na libavcodec
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2258 staršími než 5. března 2005.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2259 </para></listitem>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2260
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2261 <listitem><para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2262 <emphasis role="bold">weight_b</emphasis>:
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2263 V typických případech tato volba nepřináší velký zisk.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2264 V prolínacích nebo stmívacích scénách však vážená predikce
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2265 umožňuje poměrně velkou úsporu datového toku.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2266 V MPEG-4 ASP bývá stmívání obvykle nejlépe kódováno jako série
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2267 velkých I-snímků; použití vážené predikce v B-snímcích umožňuje
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2268 změnit alespoň některé z nich na rozumně menší B-snímky.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2269 Spomalení enkódování se zdá být minimální, pokud nějaké je.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2270 Rovněž, v rozporu s tím, co si někteří lidé mohou myslet,
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2271 požadavky dekodéru na CPU nejsou váženou predikcí ovlivněny,
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2272 ostatní možnosti jsou stejně náročné.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2273 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2274 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2275 Naneštěstí má aktuálně algoritmus adaptivního rozhodování o B-snímcích
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2276 výraznou tendenci vyvarovat se B-snímků při stmívání.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2277 Dokud se to nezmění, bude dobré přidat
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2278 <option>nob_adapt</option> do x264encopts, pokud očekáváte, že stmívání
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2279 bude mít znatelný vliv ve vašem konkrétním klipu.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2280 </para></listitem>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2281
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2282 <listitem><para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2283 <emphasis role="bold">deblockalpha, deblockbeta</emphasis>:
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2284 Toto bude poněkud kontroverzní.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2285 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2286 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2287 H.264 definuje jednoduchou deblokující proceduru na I-blocích, která
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2288 používá přednastavené síly a prahy na QP daného bloku.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2289 Ve výchozím stavu jsou bloky s nízkým QP silně filtrovány a bloky s
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2290 nízkým QP nejsou deblokovány vůbec.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2291 Přednastavené síly definované standardem jsou dobře voleny a
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2292 odchylky jsou velmi dobré, takže jsou PSNR optimální pro jakékoli
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2293 video, které zkoušíte enkódovat.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2294 Volby <option>deblockalpha</option> a <option>deblockbeta</option>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2295 vám umožní nastavit odchylky přednastavených deblokovacích prahů.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2296 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2297 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2298 Zdá se, že si mnoho lidí myslí, že je vhodné výrazně snížit sílu (řekněme, -3)
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2299 deblokovacího filtru.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2300 To však není téměř nikdy dobrý nápad a v mnoha případech lidé, kteří
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2301 tak činí, dobře nerozumí jak výchozí deblokování pracuje.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2302 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2303 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2304 První a nejdůležitější věc, kterou byste měli o in-loop deblokovacím
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2305 filtru vědět je, že výchozí nastavení prahů je téměř vždy optimální
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2306 vzhledem k PSNR.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2307 V řídkých případech kdy není, je ideální odchylka plus mínus 1.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2308 Změna deblokujících parametrů o větší hodnotu vede téměř s jistotou
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2309 ke zhoršení PSNR.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2310 Zesílení filtru setře více detailů; zeslabení zvýší viditelnost čtverečkování.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2311 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2312 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2313 Rozhodně je nevhodné snižovat deblokovací prahy, pokud má vaše video
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2314 nízkou prostorovou komplexnost (čili nemnoho detailů nebo šumu).
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2315 In-loop filtr téměř perfektně kryje artefakty, které se vyskytnou.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2316 Pokud má však zdroj vysokou prostorovou komplexnost, jsou artefakty
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2317 hůře rozeznatelné.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2318 To proto, že kroužkování má tendenci vypadat jako detail nebo šum.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2319 Lidská vizuální vnímavost si snadno povšimne, když je odstraněn detail,
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2320 ale obtížněji si všimne, když je špatně reprezentován šum.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2321 Když příjde na subjektivní kvalitu, je šum částečně zaměnitelný s detaily.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2322 Snížením síly deblokovacího filtru nejspíše zvýšíte chybu přidáním
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2323 kroužkových artefaktů, ale oko si toho nevšimne, protože si splete
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2324 artefakty s detaily.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2325 </para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2326
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2327 <para>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2328 To však <emphasis role="bold">stále</emphasis> neospravedlňuje
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2329 snížení síly deblokovacího filtru.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2330 Obecně dostanete kvalitnější šum z postprocesingu.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2331 Pokud vaše H.264 videa vypadají příliš rozmazané nebo flekaté, zkuste si
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2332 pohrát s
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2333 <option>-vf noise</option> při přehrávání.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2334 <option>-vf noise=8a:4a</option> by mělo zamaskovat většinu smazaných
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2335 artefaků.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2336 Téměř jistě to bude vypadat lépe než to, co dostanete pomocí
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2337 podvádění deblokovacího filtru.
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2338 </para></listitem>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2339 </itemizedlist>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2340 </sect2>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2341 </sect1>
005485a358d8 Synced with 1.58
jheryan
parents: 15220
diff changeset
2342
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2343 <sect1 id="menc-feat-telecine">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2344 <title>Jak naložit s telecine a prokladem v NTSC DVD</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2345
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2346 <sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-intro">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2347 <title>Představení</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2348 <formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2349 <title>Co je to telecine?</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2350 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2351 Pokud moc nerozumíte tomu, co je napsáno v tomto dokumentu, doporučujeme
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2352 navštívit tuto stránku:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2353 <ulink url="http://www.divx.com/support/guides/guide.php?gid=10">http://www.divx.com/support/guides/guide.php?gid=10</ulink>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2354 Na této adrese je srozumitelný a rozumně vyčerpávající popis co je to
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2355 telecine.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2356 </para></formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2357
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2358 <formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2359 <title>Poznámka k číslům.</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2360 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2361 Mnoho dokumentů, včetně výše odkazované příručky, udává hodnotu půlsnímků za
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2362 sekundu NTSC videa jako 59.94 a odpovídající snímky za sekundu jako 29.97
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2363 (pro telecinované a prokládané video) a 23.976 (pro neprokládané).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2364 Pro jednoduchost některé dokumenty zaokrouhlují tyto hodnoty na 60, 30 a 24.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2365 </para></formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2366
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2367 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2368 Přesně řečeno jsou všechny tyto čísla přibližná. Černobílé NTSC video mělo
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2369 přesně 60 půlsnímků za sekundu, ale později byla zvolena hodnota 60000/1001,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2370 aby bylo možné přidat barevná data a zůstat kompatibilní se starými
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2371 černobílými televizemi. Digitální NTSC (jak je na DVD) má rovněž rychlost
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2372 60000/1001 půlsnímků za sekundu. Z toho vyplývá, že prokládané a telecinované
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2373 video má 30000/1001 snímků za sekundu; neprokládané video má 24000/1001 snímků
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2374 za sekundu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2375 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2376
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2377 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2378 Starší verze dokumentace <application>MEncoder</application>u a mnoho zpráv
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2379 v archivu konference hovoří o 59.94, 29.97 a 23.976.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2380 Všechna dokumentace <application>MEncoder</application>u byla aktualizována
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2381 a používá zlomkových hodnot. Vy byste je měli používat také.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2382 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2383
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2384 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2385 <option>-ofps 23.976</option> je nesprávně.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2386 Místo toho byste měli použít <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2387 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2388
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2389 <formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2390 <title>Jak je používáno telecine.</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2391 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2392 Veškeré video určené k zobrazení na NTSC televizi musí mít 60000/1001
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2393 půlsnímků za sekundu. Filmy vyráběné pro televizi jsou často natáčeny přímo
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2394 ve 60000/1001 půlsnímcích za sekundu, ale většina filmů do kin je natáčena při
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2395 24 nebo 24000/1001 snímcích za sekundu. Když je film přepisován na DVD, je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2396 video upraveno pro televizi v procesu zvaném telecine.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2397 </para></formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2398
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2399 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2400 Na DVD není video ve skutečnosti nikdy uloženo v 60000/1001 půlsnímcích za
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2401 sekundu. Video jež bylo původně 60000/1001, bude mít každý pár půlsnímků
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2402 zkombinován do podoby snímku s rychlostí 30000/1001 snímků za sekundu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2403 Hardwarové DVD přehrávače pak čtou příznak, zabudovaný ve video proudu, který
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2404 udává jestli první půlsnímek tvoří liché nebo sudé řádky.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2405 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2406
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2407 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2408 Obsah ve 24000/1001 snímcích za sekundu obvykle zůstává tak jak byl v době
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2409 přepisu na DVD a DVD přehrávač musí provést telecine za letu. Někdy je však
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2410 video telecinováno <emphasis>před</emphasis> uložením na DVD; dokonce i když
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2411 mělo původně 24000/1001 snímků za sekundu, bude mít 60000/1001 půlsnímků za
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2412 sekundu. Pokud je uložen na DVD, páry půlsnímků jsou zkombinovány do formy
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2413 30000/1001 snímků za sekundu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2414 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2415
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2416 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2417 Když se podíváme na jednotlivé snímky vzniklé z videa o 60000/10001 půlsnímcích
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2418 za sekundu, telecinovaného nebo ne, je zřetelně vidět toto prokládání jakmile
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2419 je zde nějaký pohyb, jelikož jeden půlsnímek (řekněme liché řádky)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2420 reprezentuje časový okamžik o 1/(60000/1001) sekundy pozdější než ten druhý.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2421 Přehrávání prokládaného videa na počítači vypadá škaredě jak proto, že monitor
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2422 má vyšší rozlišení, ale i protože video je zobrazováno snímek po snímku místo
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2423 půlsnímek po půlsnímku.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2424 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2425
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2426 <itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2427 <title>Poznámky:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2428 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2429 Tento odstavec platí pouze pro NTSC DVD, nikoli PAL.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2430 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2431 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2432 Řádky s příklady spuštění <application>MEncoder</application>u v dokumentu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2433 <emphasis role="bold">nejsou</emphasis> určeny pro opravdové použití.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2434 Obsahují pouze nutné minimum vyžadované pro enkódování příslušné ke kategorii
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2435 videa. Jak dělat dobré DVD ripy nebo doladit
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2436 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> pro maximální kvalitu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2437 není v záběru tohoto dokumentu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2438 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2439 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2440 Poznámky pod čarou příslušné pro tuto příručku jsou linkovány takto:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2441 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2442 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2443 </itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2444 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2445
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2446 <sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2447 <title>Jak zjistit o jaký typ videa se jedná</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2448
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2449 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-progressive">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2450 <title>Progresivní (neprokládané)</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2451 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2452 Progresivní video je původně natočeno při 24000/1001 snímcích za sekundu a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2453 uloženo na DVD beze změn.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2454 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2455
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2456 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2457 Když přehrajete progresivní DVD v <application>MPlayer</application>u,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2458 <application>MPlayer</application> vypíše následující řádek jakmile začne
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2459 přehrávat:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2460
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2461 <screen> demux_mpg: 24000/1001 fps progressive NTSC content detected, switching framerate.</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2462
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2463 Od tohoto okamžiku by demux_mpg neměl nikdy říct že našel
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2464 &quot;30000/1001 fps NTSC obsah.&quot;
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2465 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2466
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2467 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2468 Když sledujete progresivní video, neměli byste nikdy vidět žádný proklad.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2469 Dejte si ale pozor, jelikož je občas trošku telecine namixováno tam, kde byste
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2470 to vůbec nečekali. Setkal jsem se s TV show na DVD, které měly sekundu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2471 telecine při každé změně scény nebo na zcela náhodných místech. Jednou jsem se
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2472 díval na DVD, které bylo do půlky progresivní a od půlky telecinováno. Pokud
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2473 chcete být <emphasis>opravdu</emphasis> důkladní, můžete oskenovat celý film:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2474
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2475 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -nosound -vo null -benchmark</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2476
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2477 Použití volby <option>-benchmark</option> nechá
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2478 <application>MPlayer</application> přehrát film tak rychle, jak je to jen
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2479 možné; stejně to ale, v závislosti na vašem stroji, chvíli potrvá.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2480 Vždy, když demux_mpg ohlásí změnu snímkové rychlosti, řádek těsně nad hlášením
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2481 ukáže čas ve kterém ke změně došlo.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2482 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2483
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2484 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2485 Občas je progresivní video na DVD označeno jako
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2486 &quot;soft-telecine&quot; protože je zamýšleno, aby telecine provedl DVD
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2487 přehrávač.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2488 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2489 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2490
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2491 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-telecined">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2492 <title>Telecinováno (přepsáno pro NTSC televizi)</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2493 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2494 Telecinované video bylo původně natočeno při 24000/1001, ale bylo telecinováno
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2495 <emphasis>před</emphasis> zápisem na DVD.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2496 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2497
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2498 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2499 <application>MPlayer</application> (nikdy) nehlásí žádnou změnu snímkové
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2500 rychlosti, když přehrává telecinované video.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2501 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2502
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2503 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2504 Při sledování telecinovaného videa uvidíte prokladové artefakty, které jako by
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2505 &quot;blikaly&quot;: opakovaně mizí a objevují se.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2506 Blíže se na to můžete podívat:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2507 <orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2508 <listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2509 <screen>mplayer dvd://1</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2510 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2511 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2512 Převiňte na část s pohybem.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2513 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2514 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2515 Použijte klávesu <keycap>.</keycap> pro krokování po jednom snímku.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2516 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2517 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2518 Sledujte vzor prokládaně vypadajících a progresivně vypadajících snímků.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2519 Pokud je vzor, který sledujete PPPII,PPPII,PPPII,..., pak je video
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2520 telecinováno. Pokud vidíte jiný vzor, pak mohlo být video telecinováno
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2521 použitím nějaké nestandardní metody; <application>MEncoder</application>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2522 neumí bezztrátově převést nestandardní telecine do progresivního. Pokud
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2523 nevidíte žádný vzor, pak je video nejspíš prokládané.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2524 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2525 </orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2526 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2527
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2528 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2529 Někdy je telecinované video na DVD označeno jako &quot;hard-telecine&quot;.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2530 Jelikož hard-telecine již je ve 60000/1001 půlsnímcích za sekundu, DVD
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2531 přehrávač přehraje video bez jakýchkoli manipulací.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2532 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2533 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2534
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2535 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-interlaced">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2536 <title>Prokládané</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2537 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2538 Prokládané video bylo od samého začátku filmováno při 60000/1001 půlsnímcích
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2539 za sekundu a uloženo na DVD ve 30000/1001 snímcích za sekundu. Efekt
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2540 prokládání (často označovaný jako &quot;roztřepení&quot;) je výsledkem
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2541 skládání půlsnímků do snímků. Vzdálenost mezi půlsnímky má být 1/(60000/1001)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2542 sekundy a proto když jsou zobrazeny současně, je rozdíl jasně patrný.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2543 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2544
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2545 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2546 Stejně jako u telecinovaného videa by <application>MPlayer</application> neměl
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2547 hlásit jakékoli změny snímkové rychlosti při přehrávání prokládaného obsahu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2548 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2549
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2550 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2551 Když si prohlédnete video blíže pomocí krokování snímků pomocí klávesy
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2552 <keycap>.</keycap>, uvidíte, že každý jednotlivý snímek je prokládaný.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2553 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2554 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2555
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2556 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-mixedpt">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2557 <title>Smíšené progresivní a telecinované</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2558 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2559 Veškerý obsah &quot;smíšeného progresivního a telecinovaného&quot; videa měl
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2560 původně 24000/1001 snímků za sekundu, ale některé části prošly telecine.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2561 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2562
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2563 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2564 Když <application>MPlayer</application> přehrává tuto kategorii, bude (často
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2565 i opakovaně) přepínat mezi &quot;30000/1001 snímky/s NTSC&quot;
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2566 a &quot;24000/1001 snímky/s progresivním NTSC&quot;. Sledujte spodek
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2567 <application>MPlayer</application>ova výstupu, abyste zachytili tyto zprávy.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2568 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2569
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2570 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2571 Měli byste prověřit části se &quot;30000/1001 snímky/s NTSC&quot;, abyste měli
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2572 jistotu, že jsou skutečně telecinovány a ne jen prokládané.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2573 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2574 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2575
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2576 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-mixedpi">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2577 <title>Smíšené progresivní a prokládané</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2578 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2579 Ve &quot;smíšeném progresivním a prokládaném&quot; obsahu bylo progresivní a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2580 prokládané video splácáno dohromady.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2581 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2582
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2583 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2584 Tato kategorie vypadá jako &quot;smíšené progresivní a telecine&quot;,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2585 dokud si neprohlédnete části se 30000/1001 snímky/s a neuvidíte, že nemají
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2586 telecine vzor.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2587 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2588 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2589
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2590 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2591
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2592 <sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2593 <title>Jak enkódovat jednotlivé kategorie</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2594 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2595 Jak jsem se zmínil na začátku, příklady příkazových řádků
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2596 <application>MEncoder</application>u níže <emphasis role="bold">nejsou</emphasis>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2597 určeny pro praktické použití; pouze demonstrují, minimum voleb nutných k tomu,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2598 abyste správně enkódovali každou kategorii.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2599 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2600
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2601 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-progressive">
15220
93c3668ccd22 100l build fixes
diego
parents: 15219
diff changeset
2602 <title>Progresivní</title>
15219
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2603 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2604 Progresivní video nevyžaduje žádné speciální filtrování pro enkódování.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2605 Jediná volba, která by určitě neměla chybět je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2606 <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option>. Jinak se <application>MEncoder</application>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2607 pokusí enkódovat při 30000/1001 snímcích/s a bude opakovat snímky.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2608 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2609
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2610 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2611 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -ovc lavc -ofps 24000/1001</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2612 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2613
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2614 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2615 Často se stává, že video, které vypadá progresivně, má v sobě zamíchány
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2616 kratičké telecinované části. Pokud si nejste jisti, je nejbezpečnější
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2617 považovat video za
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2618 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpt">smíšené progresivní a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2619 telecinované</link>. Ztráta výkonu je jen malá
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2620 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[3]</link>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2621 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2622 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2623
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2624 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-telecined">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2625 <title>Telecinované</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2626 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2627 Telecine lze obrátit a dostat tak původní 24000/1001 obsah, za použití metody
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2628 zvané inverzní telecine.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2629 <application>MPlayer</application> má několik filtrů právě pro tuto činnost;
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2630 nejlepší z těchto filtrů, <option>pullup</option>, je popsán v části
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2631 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpt">smíšené progresivní a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2632 telecinované</link>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2633 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2634 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2635
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2636 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-interlaced">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2637 <title>Prokládané</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2638 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2639 V praxi není většinou možné dostat kompletní progresivní video z prokládaného
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2640 obsahu. Jediný způsob jak to udělat bez ztráty poloviny svislého rozlišení je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2641 zdvojením snímkové rychlosti a zkusit &quot;odhadnout&quot; co mám provést
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2642 s odpovídajícími linkami každého z půlsnímků (má to ovšem i nevýhody &ndash;
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2643 viz metoda 3).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2644 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2645
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2646 <orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2647 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2648 Enkódujte video v prokládané formě. Obvykle prokládání způsobí těžkou újmu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2649 schopnosti enkodéru dobře komprimovat, ale
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2650 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> má dvě volby určené právě
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2651 pro lepší ukládání prokládaného videa: <option> ildct</option> a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2652 <option>ilme</option>. Rovněž velmi doporučujeme použití volby
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2653 <option>mbd=2</option> <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[2] </link>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2654 protože bude enkódovat makrobloky jako neprokládané tam, kde není žádný pohyb.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2655 Volba <option>-ofps</option> zde <emphasis role="bold">není</emphasis> nutná.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2656
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2657 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -ovc lavc -lavcopts ildct:ilme:mbd=2</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2658 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2659 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2660 Použijte filtr odstraňující proklad před enkódováním. Je jich zde několik,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2661 můžete si vybrat. Každý z nich má svá pro i proti. Prohlédněte si výstup
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2662 <option>mplayer -pphelp</option> abyste zjistili, které jsou k dispozici
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2663 (grep pro &quot;deint&quot;) a vyhledejte
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2664 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage/design6/info.html#mailing_lists">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2665 e-mailové konference MPlayeru</ulink>, kde naleznete mnoho diskusí o různých
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2666 filtrech. Snímková rychlost se ani zde nemění, takže žádné
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2667 <option>-ofps</option>. Odstranění proklady by rovněž mělo být provedeno po
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2668 ořezání <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>, ale před
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2669 škálováním.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2670
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2671 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf pp=lb -ovc lavc</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2672 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2673 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2674 Naneštěstí je tato volba vadná v <application>MEncoder</application>u;
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2675 měla by dobře pracovat v <application>MEncoder G2</application>, ale ten tu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2676 zatím není. Stejně je určením <option> -vf tfields</option> vytvoření
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2677 kompletního snímku z každého půlsnímku, což zvýší snímkovou rychlost na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2678 60000/1001. Výhoda tohoto přístupu je v tom, že nepřijdete o žádná data;
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2679 Protože však každý snímek pochází jen z jediného půlsnímku, musí být chybějící
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2680 linky nějak dopočítány. Neexistuje mnoho dobrých metod, generujících chybějící
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2681 data, takže výsledek bude trochu podobný tomu, když se použije některý filtr
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2682 odstraňující proklad.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2683 Generováním chybějících linek vznikají další problémy tím, že se zdvojnásobí
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2684 množství dat. Takže jsou potřeba vyšší datové toky pro enkódování, aby byla
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2685 zachována kvalita a spotřebuje se více výkonu CPU jak pro enkódování, tak pro
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2686 dekódování. tfields má několik různých voleb pro volbu způsobu generování
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2687 chybějících linek. Pokud použijete tuto možnost, prostudujte si manuál a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2688 zvolte si volbu, která s vaším materiálem vypadá nejlépe.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2689 Poznamenejme, že při použití <option>tfields</option>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2690 <emphasis role="bold">musíte</emphasis> nastavit <option>-fps</option> a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2691 <option>-ofps</option> na dvojnásobek snímkové rychlosti originálu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2692
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2693 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf tfields=2 -ovc lavc -fps 60000/1001 -ofps 60000/1001</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2694 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2695 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2696 Pokud plánujete výrazné zmenšování, můžete extrahovat a enkódovat jen jeden
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2697 z půlsnímků. Samozřejmě přijdete o polovinu svislého rozlišení, ale pokud
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2698 plánujete zmenšení ideálně na 1/2 originální velikosti, nebude na této ztrátě
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2699 vůbec záležet. Výsledek bude progresivní soubor s 30000/1001 snímky za sekundu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2700 Celý postup spočívá v použití <option>-vf field</option> a následném ořezu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2701 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link> a příslušném
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2702 škálování. Pamatujte, že musíte nastavit scale tak, aby kompenzoval
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2703 zmenšení svislého rozměru na polovinu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2704 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf field=0 -ovc lavc</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2705 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2706 </orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2707 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2708
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2709 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpt">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2710 <title>Smíšené progresivní a telecinované</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2711 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2712 Abychom převedli smíšené progresivní a telecinované video zcela na progresivní
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2713 video, musí být telecinované části inverzně telecinovány. K tomu lze dospět
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2714 třemi postupy popsanými níže.Poznamenejme, že byste měli
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2715 <emphasis role="bold">vždy</emphasis> provést inverzní telecine před
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2716 jakýmkoliv škálováním; a v případě, že přesně nevíte co děláte, také před
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2717 ořezáním <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2718 Volba <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option> je vyžadována, protože výstupní video
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2719 bude mít 24000/1001 snímků za sekundu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2720 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2721
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2722 <itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2723 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2724 <option>-vf pullup</option> je navržen tak, aby inverzně telecinoval, ale
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2725 progresivní data nechával jak jsou. Pro správnou funkci
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2726 <emphasis role="bold">musí</emphasis> být <option>pullup</option> následován
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2727 filtrem <option>softskip</option>, jinak <application>MEncoder</application>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2728 zhavaruje. <option>pullup</option> je však nejčistší a nejpřesnější dostupnou
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2729 metodou pro enkódování jak telecinovaného, tak &quot;smíšeného progresivního a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2730 telecinovaného&quot;.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2731
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2732 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf pullup,softskip -ovc lavc -ofps 24000/1001</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2733 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2734
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2735
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2736 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2737 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2738 Starší metodou je, spíše než inverzně telecinovat telecinované části,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2739 telecinovat progresivní části a poté inverzně telecinovat celé video.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2740 Zmatení? softpulldown je filtr, který projde celé video a převede celý soubor
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2741 na telecinovaný. Pokud budeme následovat softpulldown buď
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2742 <option>detc</option> nebo <option>ivtc</option>, bude konečný výsledek zcela
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2743 progresivní. Nutná je volba <option>-ofps 24000/1001</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2744
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2745 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf softpulldown,ivtc=1 -ovc lavc -ofps 24000/1001</screen>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2746 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2747 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2748
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2749 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2750 Osobně jsem nepoužil <option>-vf filmdint</option>, ale toto o něm (přibližně)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2751 řekl D Richard Felker III:
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2752
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2753 <blockquote><para>Je to OK, ale IMO to zkouší až příliš často odstraňovat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2754 proklad místo provádění inverzního telecine (stejně jako settop DVD
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2755 přehrávače &amp; progresivní televize) což vede ke škaredému třepotání a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2756 dalším artefaktům. Pokud jej chcete používat, měli byste předtím alespoň
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2757 trochu času věnovat ladění voleb a sledováním výstupu, abyste měli jistotu,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2758 že vám to něco nekazí.</para></blockquote>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2759 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2760 </itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2761 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2762
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2763 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpi">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2764 <title>Smíšené progresivní a prokládané</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2765 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2766 Máme dvě volby pro práci s touto kategorií, obě jsou však kompromisem. Měli
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2767 byste se rozhodnout podle trvání/umístění každého typu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2768 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2769
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2770 <itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2771 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2772 Považujte to za progresivní. Prokládané části budou vypadat prokládaně a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2773 některé z prokládaných políčen bude muset být zahozeno, což povede
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2774 k nestejnoměrnému poskakování. Můžete proti tomu nasadit postprocesní filtr,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2775 pokud chcete, ale tím mírně degradujete progresivní části.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2776 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2777
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2778 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2779 Této volbě byste se měli rozhodně vyhnout, pokud chcete nakonec zobrazovat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2780 video na zobrazovači s prokládaným obrazem (přes TV kartu například).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2781 Pokud máte prokládané snímky ve videu s rychlostí 24000/1001 snímků za
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2782 sekundu, budou telecinovány spolu s progresivními snímky. Polovina
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2783 prokládaných "snímků" bude zobrazena po dobu trvání třech snímků
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2784 (3/(60000/1001) sekund), což povede k poskakování. Efekt
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2785 &quot;cukání zpět&quot; vypadá skutečně zle. Pokud se o to přece pokusíte,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2786 <emphasis role="bold">musíte</emphasis> použít filtr odstraňující proklad,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2787 jako je <option>lb</option> nebo <option>l5</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2788 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2789
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2790 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2791 Špatnou volbou je to i pro progresivní zobrazovač. Ten zahodí páry po sobě
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2792 jdoucích snímků, což povede k přerušování, které může být více viditelné, než
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2793 při druhé metodě, která zobrazuje některé progresivní snímky dvakrát.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2794 Prokládané video se 30000/1001 snímky za sekundu je totiž poněkud trhané,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2795 protože by ve skutečnosti mělo být promítáno při 60000/1001 půlsnímcích za
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2796 sekundu, takže zdvojení některých snímků není tak moc vidět.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2797 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2798
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2799 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2800 V každém případě je nejlepší posoudit obsah a způsob, jakým bude zobrazován.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2801 Pokud je vaše video z 90% progresivní a nikdy jej nebudete pouštět na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2802 televizi, měli byste volit progresivní přístup.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2803 Pokud je progresívní jen z poloviny, pravděpodobně jej bude lepší enkódovat
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2804 jako ba bylo celé prokládané.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2805 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2806 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2807
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2808 <listitem><para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2809 Pokládat jej za prokládané. Některé snímky v progresivních částech budou muset
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2810 být duplikovány, což povede k nepravidelnému poskakování. Opět platí, že
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2811 filtry pro odstranění prokladu mohou poněkud degradovat progresivní části.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2812 </para></listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2813
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2814 </itemizedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2815 </sect3>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2816
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2817 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2818
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2819 <sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2820 <title>Poznámky pod čarou</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2821 <orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2822 <listitem><formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2823 <title>K ořezu:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2824 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2825 Video data na DVD jsou ukládána ve formátu zvaném YUV 4:2:0. V YUV videu jsou,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2826 jasová (&quot;černobílá&quot;; angl. luma) a barvonosná (angl. chroma) složka
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2827 ukládány odděleně. Protože je lidské oko méně citlivé na změnu barvy, než na
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2828 jas, připadá v YUV 4:2:0 obrázku pouze jeden barvonosný pixel na každé čtyři
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2829 jasové pixely. V progresivním obrázku má každý čtverec 2x2 jasovými pixely
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2830 právě jeden barvonosný pixel. Proto musíte ořezávat progresivní YUV 4:2:0
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2831 na sudé rozměry a používat sudé odsazení (offsety). Například
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2832 <option>crop=716:380:2:26</option> je OK, ale
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2833 <option>crop=716:380:3:26 </option> není.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2834 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2835 </formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2836
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2837 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2838 Když máte co do činění s prokládaným YUV 4:2:0, je situace mnohem
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2839 komplikovanější. Místo každých čtyřech pixelů v <emphasis>rámu</emphasis>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2840 sdílejících barvonosný pixel, každé čtyři jasové pixely v každém
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2841 <emphasis>půlsnímku</emphasis> sdílejí barvonosný pixel. Když jsou půlsnímky
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2842 proloženy do snímku, každá linka má výšku jeden pixel. A nyní místo aby dané
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2843 čtyři pixely tvořily čtverec, jsou první dva vedle sebe a druhé dva jsou vedle
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2844 sebe o dvě linky níž. Dva pixely těsně pod nimi patří do jiného půlsnímku a
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2845 proto sdílí jiný barvonosný pixel se dvěma jasovými pixely o dva řádky níž.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2846 Všechno tohle nás nutí mít svislé rozměry ořezání a odsazení bezezbytku
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2847 dělitelné čtyřmi. Vodorovné stačí mohou zůstat jen sudé.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2848 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2849
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2850 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2851 Pro telecinované video doporučuji, abyste ořezání prováděli až po inverzi
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2852 telecine. Jakmile je video progresivní, stačí řezat jen na sudé rozměry.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2853 Pokud si však přece jen chcete dopřát mírné zrychlení, které může poskytnout
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2854 časný ořez, musíte svisle dodržet násobky čtyřech, jinak nebude mít filtr
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2855 pro inverzi telecine správná data.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2856 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2857
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2858 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2859 Prokládané (nikoli telecinované) video musíte vždy ořezávat svisle násobky
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2860 čtyř, pokud před ořezáním nepoužijete <option>-vf field</option>.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2861 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2862 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2863
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2864 <listitem><formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2865 <title>K volbám pro enkódování a kvalitě:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2866 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2867 Jen proto, že doporučuji <option>mbd=2</option> zde neznamená, že by tato
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2868 volba nemohla být použita jinde. V kombinaci s <option>trell</option>, je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2869 <option>mbd=2</option> jednou ze dvou voleb
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2870 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>u, které nejvíce zvyšují
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2871 kvalitu a vy byste měli vždy použít alespoň tyto dvě, pokud není na škodu
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2872 zpomalení rychlosti enkódování (např. při enkódování v reálném čase).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2873 Mnoho dalších voleb <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>u
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2874 zvyšuje kvalitu enkódování (a snižuje jeho rychlost), ale to je mimo zaměření
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2875 tohoto textu.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2876 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2877 </formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2878 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2879
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2880 <listitem><formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2881 <title>K výkonu filtru pullup:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2882 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2883 Použití <option>pullup</option> je bezpečné (spolu se <option>softskip
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2884 </option>) ne progresivní video a je to obvykle dobrá volba, pokud nebyl zdroj
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2885 prověřen, že je celý progresivní. Ve většině případů je ztráta výkonu malá.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2886 V ojedinělých případech enkódování způsobí <option>pullup</option>, že je
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2887 <application>MEncoder</application> o 50% pomalejší. Přidání zpracování zvuku
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2888 a pokročilých <option>lavcopts</option> zastíní tento rozdíl tak, že rozdíl
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2889 v rychlosti působený použitím <option>pullup</option> se sníží na 2%.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2890 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2891 </formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2892 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2893
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2894 <!-- Some further explanation, because of homonym problem in interlace and
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2895 interleave translation. If anybody wants it in english, just ask. -->
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2896
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2897 <listitem><formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2898 <title>K překladu:</title>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2899 <para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2900 Překlad slov interlace a interleave je velmi obtížný, protože vede k jedinému
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2901 českému ekvivalentu &ndash; prokládání. V prvním případě (interlace) se jedná
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2902 o prokládání obrázku, kdy se z lichých a sudých řádků vytvoří dva půlsnímky,
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2903 což je běžné v TV.
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2904 Prokládání (interleave) je naproti tomu sloučení různého obsahu (zvuk, video)
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2905 do jediného souboru &ndash; kontejneru (např. AVI) tak, že se každá složka
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2906 rozdělí na malé části (tzv. chunky) a ty se pak jeden za druhým ukládají podle
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2907 určitého vzoru. O to se stará muxer (multiplexer). Abychom dostali zpět
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2908 jednotlivé složky, musíme poskládat proházené kousky zase zpět, o což se stará
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2909 demuxer (demultiplexor).
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2910
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2911 </para>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2912 </formalpara>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2913 </listitem>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2914
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2915 </orderedlist>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2916
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2917 </sect2>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2918
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2919 </sect1>
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2920
c931a567a395 Translation synced with 1.52
jheryan
parents:
diff changeset
2921 </chapter>