Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/en/cd-dvd.xml @ 20298:3c469a2030e7
What is the meaning of the numbers on the status line during the encoding process?
Taken after Nico's explanation on MEncoder-users ML
author | gpoirier |
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date | Thu, 19 Oct 2006 08:20:32 +0000 |
parents | bf907cf2d7ab |
children | 93c9c727c7f2 |
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9675 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
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2 <!-- $Revision$ --> |
9675 | 3 <chapter id="cd-dvd"> |
4 <title>CD/DVD usage</title> | |
5 | |
6 <sect1 id="drives"> | |
7 <title>CD/DVD drives</title> | |
8 | |
9 <para> | |
10 Modern CD-ROM drives can attain very high head speeds, yet some CD-ROM drives | |
11 are capable of running at reduced speeds. There are several reasons that might | |
12 make you consider changing the speed of a CD-ROM drive: | |
13 </para> | |
14 | |
15 <itemizedlist> | |
16 <listitem><para> | |
17 There have been reports of read errors at high speeds, especially | |
18 with badly pressed CD-ROMs. Reducing the speed can prevent data loss under | |
19 these circumstances. | |
20 </para></listitem> | |
21 | |
22 <listitem><para> | |
23 Many CD-ROM drives are annoyingly loud, a lower speed may reduce the noise. | |
24 </para></listitem> | |
25 </itemizedlist> | |
26 | |
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27 <sect2 id="drives_linux"> |
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28 <title>Linux</title> |
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29 |
9675 | 30 <para> |
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31 You can reduce the speed of IDE CD-ROM drives with <command>hdparm</command>, |
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32 <command>setcd</command> or <command>cdctl</command>. It works like this: |
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33 <screen>hdparm -E <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable> <replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable></screen> |
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34 <screen>setcd -x <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable> <replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable></screen> |
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35 <screen>cdctl -bS <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable></screen> |
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36 </para> |
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37 |
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38 <para> |
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39 If you are using SCSI emulation, you might have to apply the settings to the |
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40 real IDE device, not the emulated SCSI device. |
9675 | 41 </para> |
42 | |
43 <para> | |
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44 If you have root privileges the following command may also help: |
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45 <screen>echo file_readahead:2000000 > /proc/ide/<replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable>/settings</screen> |
9675 | 46 </para> |
47 | |
48 <para> | |
49 This sets prefetched file reading to 2MB, which helps with scratched CD-ROMs. | |
50 If you set it to too high, the drive will continuously spin up and down, and | |
51 will dramatically decrease the performance. | |
52 It is recommended that you also tune your CD-ROM drive with <command>hdparm</command>: | |
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53 <screen>hdparm -d1 -a8 -u1 <replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable></screen> |
9675 | 54 </para> |
55 | |
56 <para> | |
57 This enables DMA access, read-ahead, and IRQ unmasking (read the <command>hdparm</command> | |
58 man page for a detailed explanation). | |
59 </para> | |
60 | |
61 <para> | |
20170 | 62 Please refer to "<filename>/proc/ide/<replaceable>[cdrom device]</replaceable>/settings</filename>" |
9675 | 63 for fine-tuning your CD-ROM. |
64 </para> | |
65 | |
66 <para> | |
67 SCSI drives do not have a uniform way of setting these parameters (Do you know one? | |
68 Tell us!) There is a tool that works for | |
69 <ulink url="http://das.ist.org/~georg/">Plextor SCSI drives</ulink>. | |
70 </para> | |
71 | |
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72 </sect2> |
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73 |
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74 |
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75 <sect2 id="drives_freebsd"> |
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76 <title>FreeBSD</title> |
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77 |
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78 <para>speed: |
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79 <screen> |
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80 cdcontrol [-f <replaceable>device</replaceable>] speed <replaceable>[speed]</replaceable> |
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81 </screen> |
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82 </para> |
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83 |
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84 <para>DMA: |
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85 <screen> |
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86 sysctl hw.ata.atapi_dma=1 |
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87 </screen> |
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88 </para> |
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89 |
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90 </sect2> |
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91 |
9675 | 92 </sect1> |
93 | |
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94 |
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95 |
9675 | 96 <sect1 id="dvd"> |
97 <title>DVD playback</title> | |
98 <para> | |
99 For the complete list of available options, please read the man page. | |
100 The Syntax for a standard Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) is as follows: | |
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101 <screen>mplayer dvd://<replaceable><track></replaceable> [-dvd-device <replaceable><device></replaceable>]</screen> |
9675 | 102 </para> |
103 | |
104 <para> | |
105 Example: | |
11713 | 106 <screen>mplayer dvd://<replaceable>1</replaceable> -dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable></screen> |
9675 | 107 </para> |
108 | |
109 <para> | |
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110 If you have compiled <application>MPlayer</application> with dvdnav support, the |
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111 syntax is the same, except that you need to use dvdnav:// instead of dvd://. |
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112 </para> |
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113 |
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114 <para> |
9675 | 115 The default DVD device is <filename>/dev/dvd</filename>. If your setup |
116 differs, make a symlink or specify the correct device on the command | |
117 line with the <option>-dvd-device</option> option. | |
118 </para> | |
119 | |
120 <para> | |
121 <application>MPlayer</application> uses <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> and | |
122 <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem> for DVD decryption and playback. These two | |
20166 | 123 libraries are contained in the <filename class="directory">libmpdvdkit2</filename> |
11540 | 124 subdirectory of the <application>MPlayer</application> source tree, you do not have |
20167 | 125 to install them separately. You can also use system-wide versions of the two |
126 libraries, but this solution is not recommended, as it can result in bugs, | |
9675 | 127 library incompatibilities and slower speed. |
128 </para> | |
129 | |
10986 | 130 <note><para> |
131 In case of DVD decoding problems, try disabling supermount, or any other such | |
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132 facilities. Some RPC-2 drives may also require setting the region code. |
10986 | 133 </para></note> |
134 | |
9675 | 135 <formalpara> |
136 <title>DVD structure</title> | |
137 <para> | |
138 DVD disks have 2048 bytes per sector with ECC/CRC. They usually have an UDF | |
139 filesystem on a single track, containing various files (small .IFO and .BUK | |
140 files and big (1GB) .VOB files). They are real files and can be copied/played | |
141 from the mounted filesystem of an unencrypted DVD. | |
142 </para> | |
143 </formalpara> | |
144 | |
145 <para> | |
146 The .IFO files contain the movie navigation information (chapter/title/angle | |
147 map, language table, etc) and are needed to read and interpret the .VOB content | |
148 (movie). The .BUK files are backups of them. They use | |
149 <emphasis role="bold">sectors</emphasis> everywhere, so you need to use raw | |
150 addressing of sectors of the disc to implement DVD navigation or decrypt the | |
151 content. | |
152 </para> | |
153 | |
154 <para> | |
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155 DVD support needs raw sector-based access to the device. Unfortunately you must |
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156 (under Linux) be root to get the sector address of a file. That's why we don't |
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157 use the kernel's filesystem driver at all, instead we reimplement it in |
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158 userspace. <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> 0.9.x and |
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159 <systemitem>libmpdvdkit</systemitem> do this. The kernel UDF filesystem driver |
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160 is not needed as they already have their own builtin UDF filesystem driver. |
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161 Also the DVD does not have to be mounted as only the raw sector-based access is |
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162 used. |
9675 | 163 </para> |
164 | |
165 <para> | |
166 Sometimes <filename>/dev/dvd</filename> cannot be read by users, so the | |
167 <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> authors implemented an emulation layer | |
168 which transfers sector addresses to filenames+offsets, to emulate raw | |
169 access on top of a mounted filesystem or even on a hard disk. | |
170 </para> | |
171 | |
172 <para> | |
173 <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> even accepts the mountpoint instead of | |
174 the device name for raw access and checks <filename>/proc/mounts</filename> | |
175 to get the device name. It was developed for Solaris, where device names | |
176 are dynamically allocated. | |
177 </para> | |
178 | |
179 <para> | |
180 The default DVD device is <filename>/dev/dvd</filename>. If your setup differs, | |
181 make a symlink, or specify the correct device on the command line with the | |
182 <option>-dvd-device</option> option. | |
183 </para> | |
184 | |
185 <formalpara> | |
186 <title>DVD authentication</title> | |
187 <para> | |
188 The authentication and decryption method of the new-style DVD support is done | |
189 using a patched <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem> (see above). The method can | |
190 be specified through the environment variable <envar>DVDCSS_METHOD</envar>, | |
191 which can be set to key, disk or title. | |
192 </para> | |
193 </formalpara> | |
194 | |
195 <para> | |
196 If nothing is specified it tries the following methods (default: key, | |
197 title request): | |
198 </para> | |
199 | |
200 <orderedlist> | |
201 <listitem><para> | |
202 <emphasis role="bold">bus key</emphasis>: This key is negotiated during | |
203 authentication (a long mix of ioctls and various key exchanges, crypto | |
204 stuff) and is used to encrypt the title and disk keys before sending them | |
205 over the unprotected bus (to prevent eavesdropping). The bus key is needed | |
206 to get and predecrypt the crypted disk key. | |
207 </para></listitem> | |
208 | |
209 <listitem><para> | |
210 <emphasis role="bold">cached key</emphasis>: <application>MPlayer</application> | |
211 looks for already cracked title keys which are stored in the | |
212 <filename class="directory">~/.mplayer/DVDKeys</filename> directory (fast ;). | |
213 </para></listitem> | |
214 | |
215 <listitem><para> | |
216 <emphasis role="bold">key</emphasis>: If no cached key is available, | |
217 <application>MPlayer</application> tries to decrypt the disk key with a set | |
218 of included player keys. | |
219 </para></listitem> | |
220 | |
221 <listitem><para> | |
222 <emphasis role="bold">disk</emphasis>: If the key method fails | |
223 (e.g. no included player keys), <application>MPlayer</application> | |
224 will crack the disk key using a brute force algorithm. This process | |
225 is CPU intensive and requires 64 MB of memory (16M 32Bit entries hash | |
226 table) to store temporary data. This method should always work (slow). | |
227 </para></listitem> | |
228 | |
229 <listitem><para> | |
230 <emphasis role="bold">title request</emphasis>: With the disk key | |
231 <application>MPlayer</application> requests the crypted title keys, | |
232 which are inside <emphasis>hidden sectors</emphasis> using <systemitem>ioctl()</systemitem>. | |
233 The region protection of RPC-2 drives is performed in this step and may fail on such drives. | |
234 If it succeeds, the title keys will be decrypted with the bus and disk key. | |
235 </para></listitem> | |
236 | |
237 <listitem><para> | |
238 <emphasis role="bold">title</emphasis>: This method is used if the title | |
239 request failed and does not rely on any key exchange with the DVD drive. | |
240 It uses a crypto attack to guess the title key directly (by finding a | |
241 repeating pattern in the decrypted VOB content and guessing that the | |
242 plain text corresponding to the first encrypted bytes is a continuation | |
243 of that pattern). The method is also known as "known plaintext attack" | |
244 or "DeCSSPlus". In rare cases this may fail because there is not | |
245 enough encrypted data on the disk to perform a statistical attack or because | |
246 the key changes in the middle of a title. This method is the only way to | |
247 decrypt a DVD stored on a hard disk or a DVD with the wrong region on an | |
248 RPC2 drive (slow). | |
249 </para></listitem> | |
250 </orderedlist> | |
251 | |
252 <para> | |
253 RPC-1 DVD drives only protect region settings through software. RPC-2 drives | |
254 have a hardware protection that allows 5 changes only. It might be | |
255 needed/recommended to upgrade the firmware to RPC-1 if you have a RPC-2 DVD | |
13976 | 256 drive. You can try finding firmware upgrades for your drive on the internet, |
257 <ulink url="http://forum.rpc-1.com/dl_all.php">this firmware forum</ulink> | |
258 may be a good starting point for your search. | |
259 If there is no firmware upgrade available for your device, use the | |
260 <ulink url="http://linvdr.org/projects/regionset/">regionset tool</ulink> | |
9675 | 261 to set the region code of your DVD drive (under Linux). |
262 <emphasis role="bold">Warning</emphasis>: You can only set the region 5 times. | |
263 </para> | |
264 </sect1> | |
265 | |
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267 |
9675 | 268 <sect1 id="vcd"> |
269 <title>VCD playback</title> | |
270 <para> | |
271 For the complete list of available options, please read the man page. The Syntax for a | |
272 standard Video CD (VCD) is as follows: | |
10203 | 273 <screen>mplayer vcd://<replaceable><track></replaceable> [-cdrom-device <replaceable><device></replaceable>]</screen> |
9675 | 274 Example: |
11713 | 275 <screen>mplayer vcd://<replaceable>2</replaceable> -cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable></screen> |
9675 | 276 The default VCD device is <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename>. If your setup |
277 differs, make a symlink or specify the correct device on the command line | |
278 with the <option>-cdrom-device</option> option. | |
279 </para> | |
280 | |
281 <note><para> | |
282 At least Plextor and some Toshiba SCSI CD-ROM drives have horrible performance | |
13973 | 283 reading VCDs. This is because the CDROMREADRAW <systemitem>ioctl</systemitem> |
9675 | 284 is not fully implemented for these drives. If you have some knowledge of SCSI |
285 programming, please <ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">help us</ulink> | |
286 implement generic SCSI support for VCDs. | |
287 </para></note> | |
288 | |
289 <para> | |
290 In the meantime you can extract data from VCDs with | |
19733 | 291 <ulink url="http://ftp.ntut.edu.tw/ftp/OS/Linux/packages/X/viewers/readvcd/">readvcd</ulink> |
9675 | 292 and play the resulting file with <application>MPlayer</application>. |
293 </para> | |
294 | |
295 <formalpara> | |
296 <title>VCD structure</title> | |
14153 | 297 |
298 <para> | |
299 A Video CD (VCD) is made up of CD-ROM XA sectors, i.e. CD-ROM mode 2 | |
300 form 1 and 2 tracks:</para> | |
9675 | 301 </formalpara> |
302 | |
303 <itemizedlist> | |
304 <listitem><para> | |
14153 | 305 The first track is in mode 2 form 2 format which means it uses L2 |
306 error correction. The track contains an ISO-9660 filesystem with 2048 | |
307 bytes/sector. This filesystem contains VCD metadata information, as | |
308 well as still frames often used in menus. MPEG segments for menus can | |
309 also be stored in this first track, but the MPEGs have to be broken up | |
310 into a series of 150-sector chunks. The ISO-9660 filesystem may | |
311 contain other files or programs that are not essential for VCD | |
312 operation. | |
9675 | 313 </para></listitem> |
314 | |
315 <listitem><para> | |
14153 | 316 The second and remaining tracks are generally raw 2324 bytes/sector |
317 MPEG (movie) tracks, containing one MPEG PS data packet per | |
318 sector. These are in mode 2 form 1 format, so they store more data per | |
319 sector at the loss of some error correction. It is also legal to have | |
320 CD-DA tracks in a VCD after the first track as well. | |
321 On some operating systems there is some trickery that goes on to make | |
322 these non-ISO-9660 tracks appear in a filesystem. On other operating | |
323 systems like GNU/Linux this is not the case (yet). Here the MPEG data | |
324 <emphasis role="bold">cannot be mounted</emphasis>. As most movies are | |
325 inside this kind of track, you should try <option>vcd://2</option> | |
326 first.</para></listitem> | |
9675 | 327 |
328 <listitem><para> | |
329 There exist VCD disks without the first track (single track and no filesystem | |
330 at all). They are still playable, but cannot be mounted. | |
331 </para></listitem> | |
14153 | 332 |
333 <listitem><para> The definition of the Video CD standard is called the | |
334 Philips "White Book" and it is not generally available online as it | |
335 must be purchased from Philips. More detailed information about Video | |
336 CDs can be found in the | |
337 <ulink url="http://www.vcdimager.org/pub/vcdimager/manuals/0.7/vcdimager.html#SEC4">vcdimager documentation</ulink>. | |
338 </para></listitem> | |
339 | |
9675 | 340 </itemizedlist> |
341 | |
342 <formalpara> | |
343 <title>About .DAT files</title> | |
344 <para> | |
345 The ~600 MB file visible on the first track of the mounted VCD is not a real | |
346 file! It is a so called ISO gateway, created to allow Windows to handle such | |
347 tracks (Windows does not allow raw device access to applications at all). | |
348 Under Linux you cannot copy or play such files (they contain garbage). Under | |
349 Windows it is possible as its iso9660 driver emulates the raw reading of | |
350 tracks in this file. To play a .DAT file you need the kernel driver which can | |
351 be found in the Linux version of PowerDVD. It has a modified iso9660 filesystem | |
352 (<filename>vcdfs/isofs-2.4.X.o</filename>) driver, which is able to emulate the | |
353 raw tracks through this shadow .DAT file. If you mount the disc using their | |
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354 driver, you can copy and even play .DAT files with <application>MPlayer</application>. But it will not |
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355 work with the standard iso9660 driver of the Linux kernel! Use |
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356 <option>vcd://</option> instead. Alternatives for VCD copying are the |
9675 | 357 new <ulink url="http://www.elis.rug.ac.be/~ronsse/cdfs/">cdfs</ulink> kernel |
358 driver (not part of the official kernel) that shows CD sessions as image files and | |
13976 | 359 <ulink url="http://cdrdao.sf.net/">cdrdao</ulink>, a bit-by-bit |
9675 | 360 CD grabbing/copying application. |
361 </para> | |
362 </formalpara> | |
363 </sect1> | |
364 </chapter> |