Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/fr/tvinput.xml @ 20298:3c469a2030e7
What is the meaning of the numbers on the status line during the encoding process?
Taken after Nico's explanation on MEncoder-users ML
author | gpoirier |
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date | Thu, 19 Oct 2006 08:20:32 +0000 |
parents | 5f613650169a |
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10109 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
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2 <!-- synced with r17322 --> |
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3 <chapter id="tv"> |
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4 <title>TV</title> |
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5 |
10109 | 6 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV input"> |
7 <title>Entrée TV</title> | |
8 | |
9 <para> | |
10 Cette section concerne l'activation de la <emphasis role="bold">lecture/enregistrement | |
19988 | 11 à partir d'un tuner TV compatible V4L.</emphasis> Voir la page de man pour une |
10109 | 12 description des options TV et des contrôles clavier. |
13 | |
14 </para> | |
15 | |
16 | |
17 <sect2 id="tv-compilation"> | |
18 <title>Compilation</title> | |
19 | |
20 <procedure> | |
21 <step><para> | |
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22 D'abord, vous devez recompiler. <filename>./configure</filename> autodétectera |
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23 les entêtes v4l du noyau et l'existence des entrées |
10109 | 24 <filename>/dev/video*</filename>. Si elles existent, le support TV sera activé |
25 (voir le résultat de <filename>./configure</filename>). | |
26 </para></step> | |
27 <step><para> | |
28 Assurez-vous que votre tuner fonctionne avec d'autres logiciels TV pour Linux. | |
29 par exemple <application>XawTV</application>. | |
30 </para></step> | |
31 </procedure> | |
32 </sect2> | |
33 | |
34 <sect2 id="tv-tips"> | |
35 <title>Astuces d'utilisation</title> | |
36 <para> | |
19988 | 37 La liste complète des options est disponible sur la page de man. Voici juste |
10109 | 38 quelques astuces: |
39 </para> | |
40 <itemizedlist> | |
41 <listitem> | |
42 <para> | |
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43 Utilisez l'option <option>channels</option>. Un exemple: |
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44 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen> |
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45 Explication: en utilisant cette option, seuls les canaux 26 et 23 seront |
19988 | 46 utilisables, et il y a un joli texte OSD lors des changements de canaux |
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47 affichant le nom du nouveau. |
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48 Les espaces dans le nom du canal doivent être remplacés par le caractère |
19988 | 49 "_". |
10109 | 50 </para> |
51 </listitem> | |
52 | |
53 <listitem> | |
54 <para> | |
17202 | 55 Choisissez des dimensions d'images sensées. Les dimensions de l'image de |
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56 destination devraient être divisible par 16. |
10109 | 57 </para> |
58 </listitem> | |
59 | |
60 <listitem> | |
61 <para> | |
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62 Si vous capturez la vidéo avec une résolution verticale supérieure à la |
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63 moitié de la pleine résolution (c-a-d. 288 pour PAL ou 240 pour NTSC), |
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64 alors les trames que vous obtenez seront en réalité des paires de champs |
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65 entrelacées. |
19407 | 66 En fonction de ce que vous voulez faire avec la vidéo, vous pourriez la laisser |
67 sous cette forme, malheureusement désentrelacé, ou séparer les paires en champs | |
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68 individuels. |
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69 </para> |
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70 <para> |
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71 Autrement vous aurez un film qui a des distorsion durant les scènes à |
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72 mouvements rapides et le contrôleur de bitrate ne sera probablement |
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73 même pas capable de garder le bitrate demandé car les artefacts de |
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74 désentrelacement produisent beaucoup de détails et donc consomment |
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75 plus de bande passante. |
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76 Vous pouvez désactiver l'entrelacement avec |
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77 <option>-vf pp=DEINT_TYPE</option>. |
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78 Généralement <option>pp=lb</option> peut faire du bon travail, mais |
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79 c'est une histoire de préférence personnelle. |
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80 Voyez les autres algorithmes de désentrelacement dans le manuel et |
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81 essayez-les. |
10109 | 82 </para> |
83 </listitem> | |
84 | |
85 <listitem> | |
86 <para> | |
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87 Coupez les espaces morts. Quand vous capturez la vidéo, les bords sont |
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88 généralement noirs ou contiennent du "bruit". |
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89 De nouveau cela consomme de la bande passante inutilement. |
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90 Plus précisément ce ne sont pas les zones noires elles-mêmes mais les |
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91 transitions nettes entre le noir et la vidéo plus claire qui jouent, mais |
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92 ce n'est pas très important pour le moment. |
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93 Avant que vous commenciez la capture, ajustez les arguments de l'option |
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94 <option>crop</option> pour que toutes les saletés des bords soient coupées. |
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95 De nouveau, n'oubliez pas de garder des dimensions sensées. |
10109 | 96 </para> |
97 </listitem> | |
98 | |
99 <listitem> | |
100 <para> | |
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101 Regardez la charge CPU. |
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102 Elle ne devrait pas dépasser la limite des 90% la plupart du temps. |
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103 Si vous avez un gros tampon, <application>MEncoder</application> peut |
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104 survivre à une surcharge pendant quelques secondes mais pas plus. |
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105 Il vaut mieux désactiver l'économiseur d'écran OpenGL et les trucs |
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106 similaires. |
10109 | 107 </para> |
108 </listitem> | |
109 | |
110 <listitem> | |
111 <para> | |
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112 Ne jouez pas avec l'horloge système. <application>MEncoder</application> |
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113 l'utilise pour la synchro A/V. |
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114 Si vous réglez l'horloge système (surtout en arrière dans le temps), |
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115 <application>MEncoder</application> va se sentir perdu et va perdre des |
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116 trames. |
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117 C'est un problème important lorsque vous êtes en réseau et que vous utilisez |
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118 certains logiciels de synchronisation comme NTP. |
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119 Vous devrez désactiver NTP pendant le processus de capture si vous voulez |
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120 capturer correctement. |
10109 | 121 </para> |
122 </listitem> | |
123 | |
124 <listitem> | |
125 <para> | |
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126 Ne changez pas le <option>outfmt</option> à moins que vous sachiez ce que |
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127 vous faites ou votre si votre carte/pilote ne supporte pas la valeur par |
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128 défaut (palette YV12). |
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129 Dans les versions précédentes de <application>MPlayer</application>/ |
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130 <application>MEncoder</application> il était nécessaire de spécifier le |
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131 format de sortie. |
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132 Ce problème devrait être résolu dans la version actuelle et |
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133 <option>outfmt</option> n'est plus requis, et la valeur par défaut convient |
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134 dans la plupart des cas. |
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135 Par exemple, si vous capturez en DivX en utilisant |
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136 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> et que vous spécifiez |
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137 <option>outfmt=RGB24</option> de façon à augmenter la qualité de l'image |
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138 capturée, l'image capturée sera reconvertie plus tard en YV12; donc la |
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139 seule chose que vous obtiendrez est un gaspillage massif de puissance CPU. |
10109 | 140 </para> |
141 </listitem> | |
142 | |
143 <listitem> | |
144 <para> | |
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145 Pour spécifier la palette I420 (<option>outfmt=i420</option>), vous devez |
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146 ajouter une option <option>-vc rawi420</option> à cause d'un conflit de |
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147 fourcc avec un codec vidéo Intel Indeo. |
10109 | 148 </para> |
149 </listitem> | |
150 | |
151 <listitem> | |
152 <para> | |
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153 Il y a plusieurs façons de capturer l'audio. |
19988 | 154 Vous pouvez attraper le son soit avec votre carte son via un câble externe |
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155 entre la carte vidéo et l'entrée ligne, soit en utilisant le DAC intégré |
19988 | 156 à la puce bt878. |
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157 Dans ce dernier cas, vous devrez charger le pilote |
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158 <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis>. |
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159 Lisez le fichier <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> |
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160 (dans l'arborescence du noyau, pas celle de <application>MPlayer</application>) |
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161 pour les instructions d'utilisations de ce pilote. |
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162 </para> |
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163 </listitem> |
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164 |
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165 <listitem> |
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166 <para> |
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167 Si <application>MEncoder</application> ne peut pas ouvrir le périphérique |
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168 audio, assurez-vous qu'il soit réellement disponible. |
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169 Il peut y avoir des ennuis avec certains serveurs de son comme aRts (KDE) |
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170 ou ESD (GNOME). |
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171 Si vous avez une carte son full duplex (presque toutes les cartes décentes |
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172 le supportent aujourd'hui), et que vous utilisez KDE, essayez d'activer |
17202 | 173 l'option "full duplex" dans le menu des préférences du serveur de son. |
10109 | 174 </para> |
175 </listitem> | |
176 </itemizedlist> | |
177 </sect2> | |
178 | |
179 | |
180 <sect2 id="tv-examples"> | |
181 <title>Exemples</title> | |
182 | |
183 <informalexample> | |
184 <para> | |
185 Sortie muette, vers AAlib :) | |
186 <screen> | |
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187 mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://<!-- |
10109 | 188 --></screen> |
189 </para> | |
190 </informalexample> | |
191 | |
192 <informalexample> | |
193 <para> | |
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194 Entrée depuis V4L standard: |
10109 | 195 <screen> |
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196 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv://<!-- |
10109 | 197 --></screen> |
198 </para> | |
199 </informalexample> | |
200 | |
201 <informalexample> | |
202 <para> | |
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203 Un exemple plus élaboré. |
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204 Ici <application>MEncoder</application> capture l'image PAL entière, coupe |
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205 les marges, et désentrelace l'image en utilisant un algorithme de mélange |
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206 linéaire. |
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207 L'audio est compressée à un débit constant de 64kbps, en utilisant le codec |
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208 LAME. |
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209 Cette combinaison est adaptée pour capturer des films. |
10109 | 210 <screen> |
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211 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \ |
10109 | 212 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \ |
213 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64 \ | |
11736 | 214 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>sortie.avi</replaceable> tv:// |
10109 | 215 </screen> |
216 </para> | |
217 </informalexample> | |
218 | |
219 <informalexample> | |
220 <para> | |
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221 Cela dimensionne également l'image en 384x288 et compresse la vidéo avec |
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222 un débit de 350kbps en mode haute qualité. |
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223 L'option vqmax perd le quantizer et permet au compresseur vidéo d'atteindre |
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224 un débit plus bas au détriment de la qualité. |
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225 Cela peut être utilisé pour capturer des longues séries TV, quand la qualité |
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226 n'est pas très importante. |
10109 | 227 <screen> |
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228 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \ |
10109 | 229 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \ |
230 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 \ | |
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231 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=lb,scale=384:288 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> tv:// |
10109 | 232 </screen> |
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233 Il est également possible de spécifier des dimensions d'images plus petites |
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234 dans l'option <option>-tv</option> et d'omettre le zoom logiciel mais cette |
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235 approche utilise le maximum d'informations disponibles et, est un peu plus |
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236 résistant au bruit. |
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237 Les chipsets bt8x8 peuvent faire une moyenne de pixels uniquement dans la |
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238 direction horizontale à cause d'une limitation matérielle. |
10109 | 239 </para> |
240 </informalexample> | |
241 </sect2> | |
242 </sect1> | |
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243 </chapter> |