annotate DOCS/xml/cs/tvinput.xml @ 17865:47403d56ab6d

synced with 1.224
author gabrov
date Tue, 14 Mar 2006 21:21:26 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-2"?>
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2 <!-- Synced with: 1.16 -->
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3 <chapter id="tv">
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4 <title>TV</title>
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5 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV vstup">
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6 <title>TV vstup</title>
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7
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8 <para>
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9 Tato sekce je zaměřena na zpřístupnění
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10 <emphasis role="bold">sledování/grabování z V4L kompatibilního TV tuneru
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11 </emphasis>. Popis voleb k TV a ovládání z klávesnice naleznete v man
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12 stránce.
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13 </para>
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14
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15
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16 <sect2 id="tv-compilation">
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17 <title>Kompilace</title>
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18
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19 <procedure>
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20 <step><para>
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21 Zaprvé musíte rekompilovat. <filename>./configure</filename> zdetekuje
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22 v4l hlavičkové soubory kernelu a existenci zařízení
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23 <filename>/dev/video*</filename>. Pokud existují, bude zabudována
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24 podpora pro TV (viz výstup z <filename>./configure</filename>).
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25 </para></step>
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26 <step><para>
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27 Ujistěte se, že váš tuner pracuje s jiným Linuxovým TV softwarem,
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28 například <application>XawTV</application>.
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29 </para></step>
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30 </procedure>
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31 </sect2>
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32
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33 <sect2 id="tv-tips">
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34 <title>Tipy pro používání</title>
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35 <para>
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36 Úplný seznam voleb je dostupný v manuálové stránce.
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37 Zde je jen několik typů:
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38 </para>
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39 <itemizedlist>
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40 <listitem>
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41 <para>
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42 Použijte volbu <option>channels</option>. Příklad:
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43 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen>
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44 Vysvětlení: použití této volby, použitelné budou pouze kanály 26 a 23 a
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45 bude zde rovněž krásný OSD text po přepnutí kanálů, zobrazující jméno
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46 kanálu. Mezery ve jméně kanálu musí být nahrazeny znakem
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47 &quot;_&quot;.
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48 </para>
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49 </listitem>
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50
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51 <listitem>
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52 <para>
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53 Zvolte rozumné rozměry obrazu. Rozměry výsledného obrazu by měly být
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54 bezezbytku dělitelné 16.
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55 </para>
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56 </listitem>
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57
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58 <listitem>
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59 <para>
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60 Pokud zachytáváte video se svislým rozlišením vyšším než polovina plného
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61 rozlišení (čili 288 pro PAL nebo 240 pro NTSC), pak 'snímky', které dostanete,
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62 budou ve skutečnosti prokládané páry půlsnímků.
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63 V závislosti na tom, co chcete s videem dělat, je můžete nechat jak jsou,
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64 destruktivně odstranit proklad, nebo rozdělit páry do individuálních políček.
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65 </para>
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66 <para>
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67 Jinak bude získaný snímek roztřepený
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68 během rychlých scén a regulátor datového toku nebude pravděpodobně schopen
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69 ani udržet nastavený datový tok, vzhledem k tomu, že prokladové artefakty
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70 produkují velké množství detailů, což spotřebovává velké přenosové pásmo.
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71 Odstraňování prokladu můžete zapnout pomocí volby
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72 <option>-vf pp=DEINT_TYPE</option>. Dobrou práci obvykle odvede
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73 <option>pp=lb</option>, ale záleží na osobních preferencích. Prostudujte si
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74 ostatní možnosti odstraňování prokladu v manuálu a vyzkoušejte je.
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75 </para>
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76 </listitem>
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77
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78 <listitem>
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79 <para>
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80 Odstřihněte mrtvý prostor. Když zachytáváte video, oblasti na okrajích jsou
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81 obvykle černé, nebo obsahují nějaký šum. Což opět zbytečně spotřebovává
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82 přenosové pásmo. Přesněji to nejsou samotné černé oblasti, ale ostrý přechod
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83 mezi černou a světlejším videem, ale to teď není důležité.
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84 Než začnete zachytávat, nastavte parametry volby <option>crop</option> tak,
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85 aby byl veškerý binec na okrajích odstřižen. Opět se snažte zachovat rozumné
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86 rozměry výsledného obrazu.
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87 </para>
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88 </listitem>
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89
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90 <listitem>
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91 <para>
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92 Sledujte zatížení CPU. Většinu času by nemělo překročit hranici 90%. Pokud
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93 máte velkou vyrovnávací paměť pro zachytávání, dokáže
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94 <application>MEncoder</application> přežít několikasekundové přetížení, ale
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95 nic víc. Raději vypněte 3D OpenGL spořiče obrazovky a podobné věci.
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96 </para>
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97 </listitem>
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98
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99 <listitem>
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100 <para>
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101 Nehrajte si se systémovými hodinami. <application>MEncoder</application>
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102 používá systémové hodiny pro A/V synchronizaci. Pokud přestavíte systémové
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103 hodiny (zvlášť nazpět), <application>MEncoder</application> bude zmaten a
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104 vy přijdete o snímky. To je velmi důležité pokud jste připojeni k síti a
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105 používáte nějaký časový synchronizační software jako je NTP. Musíte vypnout
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106 NTP během zachytávání, pokud chcete spolehlivě zachytávat.
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107 </para>
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108 </listitem>
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109
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110 <listitem>
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111 <para>
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112 Neměňte <option>outfmt</option> pokud nevíte co děláte, nebo vaše
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113 karta/ovladač opravdu nepodporuje výchozí (YV12 barevný prostor).
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114 Ve starší verzi <application>MPlayer</application>u/
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115 <application>MEncoder</application>u bylo nutné nastavit výstupní formát.
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116 Tento problém by měl být v současných verzích vyřešen,
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117 <option>outfmt</option> již není nadále potřeba a výchozí hodnoty vyhovují
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118 pro většinu případů. Například pokud zachytáváte do DivX pomocí
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119 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>u a uvedete
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120 <option>outfmt=RGB24</option> pro zvýšení kvality zachytávaných snímků,
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121 stejně budou tyto snímky později konvertovány zpět na YV12, takže jediné co
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122 tím získáte je spousta vyplýtvaného výkonu CPU.
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123 </para>
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124 </listitem>
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125
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126 <listitem>
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127 <para>
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128 Chcete-li nastavit barevný prostor I420 (<option>outfmt=i420</option>),
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129 musíte přidat i volbu <option>-vc rawi420</option> kvůli konfliktu fourcc
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130 Intel Indeo video kodekem.
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131 </para>
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132 </listitem>
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133
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134 <listitem>
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135 <para>
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136 Existuje několik cest, jak zachytávat zvuk. Můžete nahrát zvuk buď pomocí
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137 zvukové karty pomocí externího propojení mezi video kartou a linkovým
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138 vstupem, nebo použitím vestavěného ADC v čipu bt878. Ve druhém případě
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139 musíte načíst ovladač <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis>. Přečtěte si
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140 soubor <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> (ve zdrojácích
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141 kernelu, nikoli <application>MPlayer</application>u) pro několik instrukcí
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142 jak použít tento ovladač.
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143 </para>
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144 </listitem>
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145
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146 <listitem>
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147 <para>
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148 Pokud <application>MEncoder</application> nedokáže otevřít audio zařízení,
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149 ujistěte se, že je opravdu k dispozici. Můžete mít potíže se zvukovými
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150 servery jako aRts (KDE) nebo ESD (GNOME). Pokud máte plně duplexní zvukovou
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151 kartu (téměř každá slušná karta to již podporuje) a používáte KDE, zkuste
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152 zaškrtnout volbu "full duplex" v menu nastavení zvukového serveru.
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153 </para>
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154 </listitem>
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155 </itemizedlist>
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156 </sect2>
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157
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158
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159 <sect2 id="tv-examples">
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160 <title>Příklady</title>
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161
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162 <informalexample>
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163 <para>
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164 Modelový výstup do AAlib :)
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165 <screen>
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166 mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://<!--
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167 --></screen>
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168 </para>
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169 </informalexample>
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170
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171 <informalexample>
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172 <para>
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173 Vstup ze standardního V4L:
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174 <screen>
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175 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv://<!--
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176 --></screen>
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177 </para>
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178 </informalexample>
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179
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180 <informalexample>
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181 <para>
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182 Mnohem sofistikovanější příklad. Zde <application>MEncoder</application>
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183 zachytává obraz v plném PALu, ořízne okraje a odstraní proklad obrazu pomocí
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184 lineárního směšovacího algoritmu. Zvuk je komprimován konstantním datovým
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185 tokem 64kbps LAME kodekem. Toto nastavení je vhodné pro zachytávání filmů.
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186 <screen>
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187 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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188 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \
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189 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64 \
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190 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>výstupní.avi</replaceable> tv://
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191 </screen>
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192 </para>
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193 </informalexample>
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194
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195 <informalexample>
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196 <para>
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197 Toto navíc přeškáluje video na 384x288 a zkomprimuje jej s datovým tokem
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198 350kbps v režimu vysoké kvality. Volba vqmax uvolňuje kvantizer a umožní
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199 video kompresoru podržet takto nízký datový tok i za cenu snížení kvality.
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200 To lze použít pro záznam dlouhých TV seriálů, kde kvalita obrazu není až
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201 tolik důležitá.
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202 <screen>
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203 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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204 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \
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205 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 \
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206 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=lb,scale=384:288 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>výstupní.avi</replaceable> tv://
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207 </screen>
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208 Rovněž můžete nastavit menší rozměry obrazu ve volbě <option>-tv</option>
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209 a vyhnout se tak softwarovému škálování, ale tento přístup vyžaduje
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210 maximální množství informací a je trochu odolnější proti šumu. Čipy bt8x8
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211 umí průměrování pixelů pouze ve svislém směru díky hardwarovým omezením.
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212 </para>
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213 </informalexample>
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214 </sect2>
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215 </sect1>
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216
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217 </chapter>