annotate DOCS/xml/es/tvinput.xml @ 24072:53261e007ce2

synced with r24091
author Gabrov
date Sat, 18 Aug 2007 10:05:56 +0000
parents d61a365dbe87
children b70a583014e4
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with 1.10 -->
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3 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="Entrada de TV">
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4 <title>Entrada de TV</title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 Esta sección es acerca de como poder <emphasis role="bold">mirar/capturar
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8 desde un dispositivo sintonizador de TV compatible con V4L</emphasis>. Vea
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9 la página del manual para una descripción de las opciones de TV y los controles
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10 del teclado.
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11 </para>
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12
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13
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14 <sect2 id="tv-compilation">
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15 <title>Compilación</title>
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16
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17 <procedure>
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18 <step><para>
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19 Primero, deberá recompilar. <filename>./configure</filename> detectará
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20 los archivos de encabezados de las cosas de v4l y la existencia de
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21 las entradas <filename>/dev/video*</filename>. Si existen, el soporte
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22 de TV se compilará (vea la salida de <filename>./configure</filename>).
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23 </para></step>
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24 <step><para>
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25 Asegúrese de que su sintonizador funcione bien con otro software de TV
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26 en Linux, como por ejemplo con <application>XawTV</application>.
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27 </para></step>
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28 </procedure>
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29 </sect2>
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30
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31 <sect2 id="tv-tips">
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32 <title>Consejos de Uso</title>
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33 <para>
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34 El listado completo de opciones esta disponible en la página del manual.
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35 Aquí hay solamente un par de consejos:
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36 </para>
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37 <itemizedlist>
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38 <listitem>
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39 <para>
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40 Use la opción <option>channels</option>(canales). Ejemplo:
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41 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV,23-TV2</screen>
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42 Explicación: usando esta opción, solo se podrá ver el canal 26 y el 23 y
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43 habrá un bonito texto en pantalla (OSD) por cada cambio de canal, mostrando
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44 el nombre del canal. Los espacios en el nombre del canal deben ser reemplazados
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45 por el carácter &quot;_&quot;.
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46 </para>
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47 </listitem>
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48
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49 <listitem>
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50 <para>
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51 Elija varias dimensiones de imagen razonables. Las dimensiones de la imagen
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52 resultante deberían ser divisibles por 16.
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53 </para>
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54 </listitem>
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55
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56 <listitem>
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57 <para>
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58 Si captura el vídeo con una resolución vertical más grande que la mitad de
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59 la resolución total (por ejemplo: 288 para PAL o 240 para NTSC), asegúrese que
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60 activó el desentrelazado. De otro modo obtendrá una película la cual esta
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61 distorsionada durante las escenas con movimientos rápidos y el controlador de tasa
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62 de bits probablemente no podrá ser capaz de retener la cantidad de información necesaria
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63 ya que el entrelazado produce una gran cantidad de detalles y por lo tanto consume
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64 una gran cantidad de ancho de banda. Puede activar el desentrelazado con
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65 la opción <option>-vf pp=DEINT_TYPE</option>. Normalmente
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66 <option>pp=lb</option> funciona bien, pero es un problema de preferencias
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67 personales. Vea otros algoritmos de desentrelazado en el manual y pruebelos.
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68 </para>
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69 </listitem>
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70
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71 <listitem>
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72 <para>
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73 Corte el área no usada. Cuando captura vídeo, las áreas en los bordes normalmente
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74 son negras y contienen algo de ruido. Esto también consume un montón de ancho
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75 de banda innecesario. Más precisamente no son las áreas en negro por si mismas
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76 pero si las bruscas transcisiones entre el negro y la imagen de vídeo brillante
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77 pero por ahora eso no es importante por ahora. Antes de empezar a capturar,
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78 ajuste los argumentos de la opción <option>crop</option> de tal manera que todo
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79 lo negro quede afuera. Nuevamente, no se olvide de mantener las dimensiones
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80 de manera razonables.
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81 </para>
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82 </listitem>
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83
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84 <listitem>
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85 <para>
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86 Observe la carga de CPU. La mayoría del tiempo no debería cruzar el límite
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87 del 90%. Si tiene un gran buffer de captura, <application>MEncoder</application>
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88 puede sobrevivir una sobrecarga por unos pocos segundos y nada más. Es mejor apagar
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89 los salvadores de pantalla 3D OpenGL y ese tipo de cosas.
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90 </para>
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91 </listitem>
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92
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93 <listitem>
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94 <para>
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95 No se meta con el reloj del sistema. <application>MEncoder</application> usa
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96 el reloj del sistema para mantener sincronía entre Audio y Vídeo. Si ajusta
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97 el reloj del sistema (particularmente volviendo hacia atrás en el tiempo),
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98 <application>MEncoder</application> se confunde y pierde cuadros. Esto es un
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99 problema importante si está conectado a una red y corre algún tipo de software
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100 de sincronización como NTP. Debería desactivar NTP durante el proceso de captura
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101 si quiere capturar en forma confiable.
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102 </para>
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103 </listitem>
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104
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105 <listitem>
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106 <para>
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107 No cambie la opción <option>outfmt</option> a menos que sepa lo que está haciendo
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108 o su tarjeta/controlador realmente no soporte la opción por omisión (espacio de color
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109 YV12). En las versiones viejas de <application>MPlayer</application>/<application>
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110 MEncoder</application> era necesario especificar el formato de salida. Este
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111 problema se debería estar resuelto en las versiones actuales y la opción <option>outfmt</option>
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112 no se requiere más, ya que la opción por omisión sirve para la mayoría de los propósitos. Por
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113 ejemplo si está capturando en DivX usando
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114 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> y especifica <option>outfmt=RGB24</option>
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115 para incrementar la calidad de las imágenes capturadas, las imágenes capturadas serán
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116 realmente convertidas nuevamente a YV12 por lo que lo único que logra es un desperdicio
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117 masivo de ciclos de CPU.
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118 </para>
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119 </listitem>
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120
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121 <listitem>
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122 <para>
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123 Para especificar el espacio de colores I420 (<option>outfmt=i420</option>), deberá
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124 agregar una opción <option>-vc rawi420</option> debido a un conflicto de fourcc con
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125 un codec de vídeo de Intel Indeo.
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126 </para>
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127 </listitem>
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128
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129 <listitem>
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130 <para>
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131 Hay muchas maneras de capturar audio. Puede capturar el sonido ya sea usando
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132 su tarjeta de sonido por medio de un cable de conexión externo entre la placa
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133 sintonizadora y la linea de entrada, o usando el chip ADC incorporado en el chip
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134 bt878. En este ultimo caso, deberá cargar el controlador <emphasis role="bold">btaudio
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diego
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135 </emphasis>. Lea el archivo <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename>
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136 (en el árbol de directorio del núcleo, no el de
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nauj27
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137 <application>MPlayer</application>) para instrucciones de como
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diego
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138 usar este controlador.
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diego
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139 </para>
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diego
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140 </listitem>
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diego
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141
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diego
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142 <listitem>
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diego
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143 <para>
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diego
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144 Si <application>MEncoder</application> no puede abrir el dispositivo de audio,
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145 asegúrese que este realmente disponible. Puede haber algunos problemas con
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diego
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146 algunos servidores de sonido como arts (KDE) o esd (GNOME). Si tiene una placa
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147 de sonido full dúplex (casi todas las placas decentes lo soportan hoy en día), y
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148 está usando KDE, trate activando la opción "full dúplex" en el menú de preferencias del
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diego
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149 servidor de sonido.
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diego
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150 </para>
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diego
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151 </listitem>
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diego
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152 </itemizedlist>
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diego
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153 </sect2>
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diego
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154
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diego
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155
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diego
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156 <sect2 id="tv-examples">
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diego
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157 <title>Ejemplos</title>
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diego
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158
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diego
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159 <informalexample>
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160 <para>
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diego
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161 Salida ficticia, a AAlib :)
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diego
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162 <screen>
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diego
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163 mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://<!--
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diego
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164 --></screen>
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diego
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165 </para>
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diego
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166 </informalexample>
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diego
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167
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diego
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168 <informalexample>
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diego
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169 <para>
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170 Entrada desde un dispositivo estándar V4L:
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diego
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171 <screen>
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diego
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172 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv://<!--
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diego
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173 --></screen>
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diego
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174 </para>
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diego
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175 </informalexample>
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diego
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176
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diego
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177 <informalexample>
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diego
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178 <para>
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179 Un ejemplo más sofisticado. Esto hace que <application>MEncoder</application>
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nauj27
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180 capture la imagen completa PAL, corte los margenes y desentrelazando la
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nauj27
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181 imagen usando un algoritmo linear blend. El audio es comprimido con una
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kraymer
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182 tasa de bits constante de 64kbps, usando el codec LAME. Esta configuración
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kraymer
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183 es satisfactoria para capturar películas.
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diego
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184 <screen>
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diego
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185 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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diego
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186 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \
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187 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64 \
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188 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>salida.avi</replaceable> tv://
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diego
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189 </screen>
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diego
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190 </para>
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diego
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191 </informalexample>
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diego
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192
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diego
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193 <informalexample>
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diego
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194 <para>
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195 Esto adicionalmente escalará la imagen a 384x288 y comprimirá el vídeo
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196 a una tasa de bits de 350kbps en modo alta calidad. La opción <option>
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kraymer
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197 vqmax</option> suelta al cuantizador y le permite al compresor de vídeo
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diego
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198 alcanzar tasas de bits muy bajas a expensas de la calidad. Esto puede ser
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199 usado para capturar series de TV largas, donde la calidad del vídeo no
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diego
parents:
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200 es tan importante.
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diego
parents:
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201 <screen>
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diego
parents:
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202 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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diego
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203 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \
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diego
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204 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 \
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205 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=tn/lb,scale=384:288 -sws 1 \
nauj27
parents: 11383
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206 -o <replaceable>salida.avi</replaceable> tv://
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diego
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207 </screen>
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208 Es posible especificar una dimensión de imagen más chica en la opción <option>-tv</option>
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kraymer
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209 y omitir el escalado de software pero este enfoque usa la máxima cantidad de información
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kraymer
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210 disponible y es un poco más resistente al ruido. Los chips bt8x8 pueden hacer
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kraymer
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211 el promediado de pixels solo en dirección horizontal debido a limitaciones de hardware.
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diego
parents:
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212 </para>
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diego
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213 </informalexample>
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diego
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214 </sect2>
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diego
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215 </sect1>