Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/es/tvinput.xml @ 11740:c0e744330722
sync
author | nauj27 |
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date | Sat, 03 Jan 2004 23:08:26 +0000 |
parents | 876711f446f9 |
children | 002b970d70d6 |
rev | line source |
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
11740 | 2 <!-- synced with 1.9 --> |
10408
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3 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="Entrada de TV"> |
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4 <title>Entrada de TV</title> |
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5 |
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6 <para> |
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7 Esta sección es acerca de como poder <emphasis role="bold">mirar/capturar |
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8 desde un dispositivo sintonizador de TV compatible con V4L</emphasis>. Vea |
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9 la página del manual para una descripción de las opciones de TV y los controles |
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10 del teclado. |
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11 </para> |
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12 |
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13 |
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14 <sect2 id="tv-compilation"> |
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15 <title>Compilación</title> |
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16 |
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17 <procedure> |
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18 <step><para> |
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19 Primero, deberá recompilar. <filename>./configure</filename> detectará |
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20 los archivos de encabezados de las cosas de v4l y la existencia de |
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21 las entradas <filename>/dev/video*</filename>. Si existen, el soporte |
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22 de TV se compilará (vea la salida de <filename>./configure</filename>). |
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23 </para></step> |
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24 <step><para> |
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25 Asegúrese de que su sintonizador funcione bien con otro software de TV |
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26 en Linux, como por ejemplo con <application>XawTV</application>. |
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27 </para></step> |
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28 </procedure> |
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29 </sect2> |
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30 |
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31 <sect2 id="tv-tips"> |
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32 <title>Consejos de Uso</title> |
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33 <para> |
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34 El listado completo de opciones esta disponible en la página del manual. |
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35 Aquí hay solamente un par de consejos: |
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36 </para> |
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37 <itemizedlist> |
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38 <listitem> |
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39 <para> |
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40 Use la opción <option>channels</option>(canales). Ejemplo: |
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41 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV,23-TV2</screen> |
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42 Explicación: usando esta opción, solo se podrá ver el canal 26 y el 23 y |
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43 habrá un bonito texto en pantalla (OSD) por cada cambio de canal, mostrando |
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44 el nombre del canal. Los espacios en el nombre del canal deben ser reemplazados |
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45 por el carácter "_". |
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46 </para> |
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47 </listitem> |
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48 |
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49 <listitem> |
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50 <para> |
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51 Elija varias dimensiones de imagen razonables. Las dimensiones de la imagen |
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52 resultante deberían ser divisibles por 16. |
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53 </para> |
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54 </listitem> |
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55 |
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56 <listitem> |
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57 <para> |
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58 Si captura el vídeo con una resolución vertical más grande que la mitad de |
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59 la resolución total (por ejemplo: 288 para PAL o 240 para NTSC), asegúrese que |
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60 activó el desentrelazado. De otro modo obtendrá una película la cual esta |
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61 distorsionada durante las escenas con movimientos rápidos y el controlador de tasa |
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62 de bits probablemente no podrá ser capaz de retener la cantidad de información necesaria |
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63 ya que el entrelazado produce una gran cantidad de detalles y por lo tanto consume |
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64 una gran cantidad de ancho de banda. Puede activar el desentrelazado con |
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65 la opción <option>-vf pp=DEINT_TYPE</option>. Normalmente |
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66 <option>pp=lb</option> funciona bien, pero es un problema de preferencias |
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67 personales. Vea otros algoritmos de desentrelazado en el manual y pruebelos. |
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68 </para> |
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69 </listitem> |
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70 |
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71 <listitem> |
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72 <para> |
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73 Corte el área no usada. Cuando captura vídeo, las áreas en los bordes normalmente |
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74 son negras y contienen algo de ruido. Esto también consume un montón de ancho |
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75 de banda innecesario. Más precisamente no son las áreas en negro por si mismas |
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76 pero si las bruscas transcisiones entre el negro y la imagen de vídeo brillante |
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77 pero por ahora eso no es importante por ahora. Antes de empezar a capturar, |
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78 ajuste los argumentos de la opción <option>crop</option> de tal manera que todo |
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79 lo negro quede afuera. Nuevamente, no se olvide de mantener las dimensiones |
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80 de manera razonables. |
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81 </para> |
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82 </listitem> |
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83 |
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84 <listitem> |
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85 <para> |
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86 Observe la carga de CPU. La mayoría del tiempo no debería cruzar el límite |
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87 del 90%. Si tiene un gran buffer de captura, <application>MEncoder</application> |
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88 puede sobrevivir una sobrecarga por unos pocos segundos y nada más. Es mejor apagar |
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89 los salvadores de pantalla 3D OpenGL y ese tipo de cosas. |
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90 </para> |
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91 </listitem> |
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92 |
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93 <listitem> |
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94 <para> |
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95 No se meta con el reloj del sistema. <application>MEncoder</application> usa |
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96 el reloj del sistema para mantener sincronía entre Audio y Vídeo. Si ajusta |
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97 el reloj del sistema (particularmente volviendo hacia atrás en el tiempo), |
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98 <application>MEncoder</application> se confunde y pierde cuadros. Esto es un |
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99 problema importante si está conectado a una red y corre algún tipo de software |
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100 de sincronización como NTP. Debería desactivar NTP durante el proceso de captura |
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101 si quiere capturar en forma confiable. |
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102 </para> |
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103 </listitem> |
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104 |
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105 <listitem> |
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106 <para> |
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107 No cambie la opción <option>outfmt</option> a menos que sepa lo que está haciendo |
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108 o su tarjeta/controlador realmente no soporte la opción por omisión (espacio de color |
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109 YV12). En las versiones viejas de <application>MPlayer</application>/<application> |
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110 MEncoder</application> era necesario especificar el formato de salida. Este |
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111 problema se debería estar resuelto en las versiones actuales y la opción <option>outfmt</option> |
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112 no se requiere más, ya que la opción por omisión sirve para la mayoría de los propósitos. Por |
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113 ejemplo si está capturando en DivX usando libavcodec y especifica <option>outfmt=RGB24</option> |
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114 para incrementar la calidad de las imágenes capturadas, las imágenes capturadas serán |
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115 realmente convertidas nuevamente a YV12 por lo que lo único que logra es un desperdicio |
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116 masivo de ciclos de CPU. |
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117 </para> |
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118 </listitem> |
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119 |
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120 <listitem> |
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121 <para> |
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122 Para especificar el espacio de colores I420 (<option>outfmt=i420</option>), deberá |
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123 agregar una opción <option>-vc rawi420</option> debido a un conflicto de fourcc con |
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124 un codec de vídeo de Intel Indeo. |
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125 </para> |
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126 </listitem> |
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127 |
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128 <listitem> |
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129 <para> |
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130 Hay muchas maneras de capturar audio. Puede capturar el sonido ya sea usando |
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131 su tarjeta de sonido por medio de un cable de conexión externo entre la placa |
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132 sintonizadora y la linea de entrada, o usando el chip ADC incorporado en el chip |
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133 bt878. En este ultimo caso, deberá cargar el controlador <emphasis role="bold">btaudio |
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134 </emphasis>. Lea el archivo <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> |
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135 (en el árbol de directorio del núcleo, no el de MPlayer) para instrucciones de como |
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136 usar este controlador. |
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137 </para> |
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138 </listitem> |
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139 |
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140 <listitem> |
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141 <para> |
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142 Si <application>MEncoder</application> no puede abrir el dispositivo de audio, |
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143 asegúrese que este realmente disponible. Puede haber algunos problemas con |
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144 algunos servidores de sonido como arts (KDE) o esd (GNOME). Si tiene una placa |
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145 de sonido full dúplex (casi todas las placas decentes lo soportan hoy en día), y |
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146 está usando KDE, trate activando la opción "full dúplex" en el menú de preferencias del |
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147 servidor de sonido. |
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148 </para> |
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149 </listitem> |
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150 </itemizedlist> |
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151 </sect2> |
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152 |
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153 |
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154 <sect2 id="tv-examples"> |
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155 <title>Ejemplos</title> |
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156 |
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157 <informalexample> |
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158 <para> |
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159 Salida ficticia, a AAlib :) |
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160 <screen> |
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161 mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://<!-- |
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162 --></screen> |
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163 </para> |
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164 </informalexample> |
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165 |
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166 <informalexample> |
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167 <para> |
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168 Entrada desde un dispositivo estándar V4L: |
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169 <screen> |
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170 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv://<!-- |
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171 --></screen> |
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172 </para> |
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173 </informalexample> |
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174 |
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175 <informalexample> |
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176 <para> |
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177 Un ejemplo más sofisticado. Esto hace que MEncoder capture la imagen completa |
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178 PAL, corte los margenes y desentrelazando la imagen usando un algoritmo linear |
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179 blend. El audio es comprimido con una tasa de bits constante de 64kbps, usando |
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180 el codec LAME. Esta configuración es satisfactoria para capturar películas. |
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181 <screen> |
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182 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \ |
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183 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \ |
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184 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64 \ |
11740 | 185 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>salida.avi</replaceable> tv:// |
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186 </screen> |
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187 </para> |
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188 </informalexample> |
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189 |
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190 <informalexample> |
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191 <para> |
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192 Esto adicionalmente escalará la imagen a 384x288 y comprimirá el vídeo |
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193 a una tasa de bits de 350kbps en modo alta calidad. La opción <option> |
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194 vqmax</option> suelta al cuantizador y le permite al compresor de vídeo |
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195 alcanzar tasas de bits muy bajas a expensas de la calidad. Esto puede ser |
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196 usado para capturar series de TV largas, donde la calidad del vídeo no |
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197 es tan importante. |
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198 <screen> |
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199 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \ |
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200 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \ |
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201 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 \ |
11740 | 202 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=tn/lb,scale=384:288 -sws 1 \ |
203 -o <replaceable>salida.avi</replaceable> tv:// | |
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204 </screen> |
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205 Es posible especificar una dimensión de imagen más chica en la opción <option>-tv</option> |
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206 y omitir el escalado de software pero este enfoque usa la máxima cantidad de información |
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207 disponible y es un poco más resistente al ruido. Los chips bt8x8 pueden hacer |
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208 el promediado de pixels solo en dirección horizontal debido a limitaciones de hardware. |
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209 </para> |
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210 </informalexample> |
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211 </sect2> |
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212 </sect1> |