annotate DOCS/xml/hu/mencoder.xml @ 16449:5362c60b3b37

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author gpoirier
date Sun, 11 Sep 2005 10:06:27 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-2"?>
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2 <!-- synced with 1.88 -->
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3 <chapter id="mencoder">
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4 <title>A <application>MEncoder</application> használatának alapjai</title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 A <application>MEncoder</application> összes használható kapcsolójához és
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8 a példákhoz kérlek nézd meg a man oldalt. Mindennapi példákért és a számos
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9 kódolási paraméter bővebb leírásáért olvasd el a
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10 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">kódolási tippeket</ulink>, amiket
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11 számos levelezési lista szálból gyűjtöttünk össze az MPlayer-users-ről.
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12 Kereshetsz az
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13 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">archívumban</ulink>
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14 a rengeteg beszélgetés között, melyek a <application>MEncoder</application>rel
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15 történő kódolást több szempontból vizsgálják és kiemelik a problémákat vele
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16 kapcsolatban.
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17 </para>
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18
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19 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4">
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20 <title>Két menetes MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) kódolás</title>
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21
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22 <para>
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23 A név abból a tényből ered, hogy ez a módszer a fájlt <emphasis>kétszer</emphasis>
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24 kódolja át. Az első kódolás (szinkronizációs lépés) létrehoz pár ideiglenes,
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25 néhány megabájtos fájlt (<filename>*.log</filename>), ezeket ne töröld le
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26 még (az AVI-t letörölheted). A második lépésben, a két menetes kimenet
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27 fájl lesz létrehozva, az ideiglenes fájlok bitrátájának felhasználásával. Az
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28 eredmény fájlnak sokkal jobb lesz a képminősége. Ha most hallasz erről először,
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29 nézz meg pár a neten elérhető leírást.
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30 </para>
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31
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32 <example>
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33 <title>audió sáv másolása</title>
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34 <para>
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35 Egy DVD két menetes kódolása MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) AVI-ba az audió sáv
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36 másolásával.
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37 <screen>
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38 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable>
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39 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable>
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40 </screen>
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41 </para>
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42 </example>
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43
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44 <example>
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45 <title>audió sáv kódolása</title>
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46 <para>
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47 Egy DVD két menetes kódolása MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) AVI-ba az audió sáv
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48 MP3-ba alakításával.
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49 <screen>
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50 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable>
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51 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>movie.avi</replaceable>
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52 </screen>
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53 </para>
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54 </example>
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55 </sect1>
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56
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57 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg">
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58 <title>Kódolás MPEG formátumba</title>
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59 <para>
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60 A <application>MEncoder</application> tud készíteni MPEG (MPEG-PS) formátumú
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61 kimeneti fájlokat.
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62 Általában, ha MPEG-1 vagy MPEG-2 videót használsz, az azért van, mert egy
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63 korlátozott formátumhoz kódolsz, mint pl. az SVCD, a VCD vagy a DVD.
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64 Ezen formátumok speciális igényei a
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65 <link linkend="menc-feat-vcd-dvd">VCD és DVD készítési leírásban</link>
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66 megtalálhatóak.
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67 </para>
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68
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69 <para>
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70 A <application>MEncoder</application> kimeneti fájl formátumának megváltoztatásához
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71 használd a <option>-of mpeg</option> kapcsolót.
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72 </para>
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73
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74 <para>
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75 Példa:
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76 <screen>
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77 mencoder -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video -oac copy <replaceable>egyéb_kapcsolók</replaceable> <replaceable>media.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable>
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78 </screen>
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79 </para>
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80 </sect1>
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81
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82 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale">
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83 <title>Filmek átméretezése</title>
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84
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85 <para>
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86 Gyakran szükséged lehet a videó képméretének átméretezésére. Ennek több oka
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87 lehet: fájl méretének csökkentése, hálózati sávszélesség, stb. A legtöbb ember
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88 akkor is végez átméretezést, amikor DVD-ket vagy SVCD-ket konvertál DivX AVI-ba.
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89 Ha át szeretnél méretezni, olvasd el a <link linkend="aspect">képméret arányok megtartásáról</link>
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90 szóló részt.
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91 </para>
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92
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93 <para>
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94 A méretezési eljárást a <literal>scale</literal> videó szűrő végzi:
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95 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>szélesség</replaceable>:<replaceable>magasság</replaceable></option>.
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96 A minősége beállítható a <option>-sws</option> kapcsolóval.
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97 Ha ez nincs megadva, akkor a <application>MEncoder</application> a 2: bicubic-et használja.
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98 </para>
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99
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100 <para>
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101 Használat:
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102 <screen>
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103 mencoder <replaceable>input.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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104 </screen>
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105 </para>
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106 </sect1>
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107
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108
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109 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy">
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110 <title>Stream másolás</title>
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111
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112 <para>
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113 <application>MEncoder</application> kétféleképpen tudja kezelni a folyamokat:
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114 <emphasis role="bold">kódolni</emphasis> vagy <emphasis role="bold">másolni</emphasis>
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115 tudja őket. Ez a rész a <emphasis role="bold">másolásról</emphasis> szól.
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116 </para>
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117
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118 <itemizedlist>
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119 <listitem><para>
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120 <emphasis role="bold">Videó stream</emphasis> (<option>-ovc copy</option> kapcsoló):
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121 szép dolgokat lehet vele csinálni :) Például FLI vagy VIVO vagy
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122 MPEG-1 videót tenni (nem konvertálni!) AVI fájlba! Természetesen csak az
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123 <application>MPlayer</application> tudja lejátszani az ilyen fájlokat :) Ennek
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124 valószínűleg gyakorlati haszna nincs. Ésszerűbben: a videó stream másolása
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125 hasznos lehet például ha csak az audió stream-et kell kódolni (például
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126 tömörítetlen PCM-et MP3-ba).
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127 </para></listitem>
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128 <listitem><para>
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129 <emphasis role="bold">Audió stream</emphasis> (<option>-oac copy</option> kapcsoló):
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130 őszintén szólva... Bele lehet mixelni egy külső audió fájlt (MP3, WAV) a
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131 kimeneti stream-be. Használd a
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132 <option>-audiofile <replaceable>fájlnév</replaceable></option> kapcsolót
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133 ehhez.
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134 </para></listitem>
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135 </itemizedlist>
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136
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137 <para>
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138 A <option>-oac copy</option> használatával végrehajtott egyik konténer formátumból
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139 másikba történő másoláshoz szükséges lehet a <option>-fafmttag</option> kapcsoló,
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140 hogy megmaradjon az eredeti fájl audió formátum tag-je.
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141 Például ha egy NSV fájl AAC audióval AVI konténerbe alakítasz át, az
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142 audió formátum tag hibás lesz és meg kell változtatni. Az audió formátum tag-ek
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143 listáját megtalálod a <filename>codecs.conf</filename> fájlban.
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144 </para>
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145
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146 <para>
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147 Példa:
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148 <screen>
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149 mencoder <replaceable>input.nsv</replaceable> -oac copy -fafmttag 0x706D -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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150 </screen>
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151 </para>
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152
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153 </sect1>
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154
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155
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156 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images">
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157 <title>Kódolás több bemeneti képfájlból (JPEG, PNG, TGA, SGI)</title>
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158
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159 <para>
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160 A <application>MEncoder</application> képes egy vagy több JPEG, PNG vagy TGA fájlból
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161 film létrehozására. Egy egyszerű framecopy-val MJPEG (Motion JPEG),
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162 MPNG (Motion PNG) vagy MTGA (Motion TGA) fájlokat tud létrehozni.
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163 </para>
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164
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165 <orderedlist>
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166 <title>A folyamat leírása:</title>
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167 <listitem><para>
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168 A <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>dekódolja</emphasis> a bemeneti
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169 képe(ke)t a <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem>-gel (ha PNG-ket
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170 dekódol, akkor a <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>-vel).
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171 </para></listitem>
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172 <listitem><para>
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173 Ezután a <application>MEncoder</application> a dekódolt képeket a kiválasztott
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174 videó tömörítőnek adja át (DivX4, XviD, FFmpeg msmpeg4, stb.).
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175 </para></listitem>
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176 </orderedlist>
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177
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178 <formalpara>
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179 <title>Példák</title>
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180 <para>
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181 A <option>-mf</option> kapcsoló magyarázata a man oldalon található.
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182
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183 <informalexample>
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184 <para>
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185 Egy MPEG-4-es fájl létrehozása az aktuális könyvtárból található összes
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186 JPEG fájlból:
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187 <screen>
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188 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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189 </screen>
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190 </para>
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191 </informalexample>
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192
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193 <informalexample>
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194 <para>
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195 Egy MPEG-4 fájl létrehozása néhány JPEG fájlból az aktuális könyvtárban:
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196 <screen>
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197 mencoder mf://<replaceable>frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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198 </screen>
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199 </para>
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200 </informalexample>
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201
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202 <informalexample>
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203 <para>
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204 Egy Motion JPEG (MJPEG) fájl készítése az aktuális könyvtár összes JPEG fájlából:
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205 <screen>
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206 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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207 </screen>
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208 </para>
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209 </informalexample>
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210
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211 <informalexample>
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212 <para>
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213 Egy tömörítetlen fájl létrehozása az aktuális könyvtár összes PNG fájlából:
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214 <screen>
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215 mencoder mf:// -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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216 </screen>
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217 </para>
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218 </informalexample>
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219
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220 <note><para>
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221 A szélességnek 4 egész többszörösének kell lennie, ez a RAW RGB AVI formátum megszorítása.
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222 </para></note>
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223
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224 <informalexample>
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225 <para>
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226 Egy Motion PNG (MPNG) fájl létrehozása az aktuális könyvtár PNG fájlaiból:
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227 <screen>
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228 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> <!--
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229 --></screen>
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230 </para>
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231 </informalexample>
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232
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233 <informalexample>
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234 <para>
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235 Egy Motion TGA (MTGA) fájl létrehozása az aktuális könyvtár összes TGA fájlából:
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236 <screen>
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237 mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable><!--
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238 --></screen>
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239 </para>
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240 </informalexample>
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241
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242 </para>
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243 </formalpara>
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244 </sect1>
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245
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246
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247 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub">
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248 <title>DVD felirat elmentése VOBsub fájlba</title>
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249
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250 <para>
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251 A <application>MEncoder</application> képes a feliratok kiszedésére
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252 a DVD-kből és elmentésére VOBsub formátumú fájlokba. Ezek két fájlból
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253 állnak, <filename>.idx</filename> és <filename>.sub</filename> kiterjesztéssel,
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254 és általában egy <filename>.rar</filename> archívba vannak becsomagolva.
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255 Az <application>MPlayer</application> le tudja ezeket játszani a
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256 <option>-vobsub</option> és a <option>-vobsubid</option> kapcsolókkal.
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257 </para>
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258
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259 <para>
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260 Meg kell adnod a kimeneti fájlok fájlnevét (az <filename>.idx</filename> vagy
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261 <filename>.sub</filename> kiterjesztés nélkül) a
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262 <option>-vobsubout</option> kapcsolóval és az ezen felirathoz tartozó
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263 indexet a kimeneti fájlokban a <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>-szel.
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264 </para>
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265
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266 <para>
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267 Ha a bemenet nem DVD, akkor a <option>-ifo</option> kapcsolót kell
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268 használnod ahhoz, hogy megadd, hogy <filename>.ifo</filename> fájl
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269 szükséges a kimeneti <filename>.idx</filename> elkészítéséhez.
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270 </para>
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271
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272 <para>
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273 Ha a bemenet nem DVD és nincs <filename>.ifo</filename> fájlod,
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274 a <option>-vobsubid</option> kapcsolót kell használnod, hogy megadd,
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275 milyen nyelv id-t kell beletenni az <filename>.idx</filename> fájlba.
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276 </para>
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277
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278 <para>
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279 Mindkét esetben az éppen futó felirat hozzáíródik a <filename>.idx</filename>
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280 és <filename>.sub</filename> fájlokhoz, amennyiben azok már léteznek. Így
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281 ezeket le kell törölnöd, mielőtt nekiállnál.
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282 </para>
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283
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284 <example>
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285 <title>Két felirat másolása egy DVD-ről két menetes kódolás közben</title>
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286 <screen>
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287 rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub
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288 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2
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289 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!--
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290 --></screen>
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291 </example>
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292
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293 <example>
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294 <title>Francia felirat másolása egy MPEG fájlból</title>
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295 <screen>
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296 rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub
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297 mencoder <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>movie.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1 -nosound -ovc copy
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298 </screen>
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299 </example>
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300
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301 </sect1>
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302
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303 <sect1 id="aspect">
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304 <title>Képarány megtartása</title>
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305 <para>
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306 A DVD-s és az SVCD-s (pl. MPEG-1/2) fájlokban van egy képméret arány érték, ami
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307 leírja, hogy a lejátszónak hogyan kell méreteznie a videó stream-et, így az
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308 embereknek nem lesz tojás fejük (pl.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). Ennek ellenére AVI-ba
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309 (DivX) történő kódoláskor figyelembe kell venned, hogy az AVI fejléc nem tárolja ezt
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310 az értéket. A film átméretezése undorító és időigényes, kell, hogy legyen egy jobb
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311 megoldás!
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312 </para>
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313
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314 <para>Van is.</para>
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315
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316 <para>
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317 Az MPEG-4-nek van egy egyedülálló sajátossága: a videó stream tartalmazhatja a szükséges
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318 képarányt. Igen, úgy mint az MPEG-1/2 (DVD, SVCD) és a H.263 fájlok. Sajnos azonban
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319 <emphasis role="bold">nincs</emphasis> olyan videó lejátszó, mely az MPEG-4 ezen attribútumát
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320 támogatná, kivéve az <application>MPlayer</application>t.
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321 </para>
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322
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323 <para>
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324 Ez a tulajdonság csak a
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325 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>
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326 <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> codec-jével használható. Tartsd észben: habár az
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327 <application>MPlayer</application> hibátlanul lejátsza a létrehozott fájlt,
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328 a többi lejátszó rossz képarányt fog használni.
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329 </para>
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330
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331 <para>
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332 Ajánlott levágni a fekete sávokat a film képe felett és alatt.
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333 Lásd a man oldalt a <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem> és a
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334 <systemitem>crop</systemitem> szűrők használatához.
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335 </para>
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336
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337 <para>
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338 Használat
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339 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>sample-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:autoaspect -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen>
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340 </para>
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341 </sect1>
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342
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343 </chapter>