annotate DOCS/encoding.html @ 4585:55c8aefdef1b

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author gabucino
date Fri, 08 Feb 2002 13:57:14 +0000
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1 <HTML>
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2 <BODY BGCOLOR=white>
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3
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4 <FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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5
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6 <P><B><A NAME=2.4>2.4. Encoding with MEncoder</A></B></P>
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7
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8 <P><B><A NAME=2.4.1>2.4.1. Overview</B></P>
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9
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10 <P><B>MEncoder</B> (<B>MPlayer</B>'s Movie Encoder) is a simple movie encoder,
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11 designed to encode MPlayer-playable movies
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12 (<B>AVI/DVD/VCD/VOB/MPG/MOV/VIV/FLI/RM/NUV/NET</B>) to other MPlayer-playable
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13 formats (see below). It can encode with various codecs, like <B>DivX4</B> (1 or
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14 2 passes), libavcodec, <B>PCM</B>/<B>MP3</B>/<B>VBRMP3</B> audio. Also has
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15 stream copying and video resizing abilities.</P>
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16
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17 <P><B><A NAME=2.4.2>2.4.2. Compiling</B></P>
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18
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19 <P>
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20 <UL>
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21 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - read <B>MPlayer</B>'s compilation instructions, it contains info about
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22 how to install <I>libdvdread</I> for <B>DVD</B> support, etc.</LI>
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23 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - download the newest <B>DivX4linux</B> libs
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24 from <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/download.htm">avifile.sourceforge.net</A>,
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25 and have them PROPERLY installed. You need them if you want DivX4
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26 (1/2 pass) encoding.</LI>
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27 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - for libavcodec support, install libavcodec as
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28 described in the <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.1.2">libavcodec section</A>.</LI>
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29 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - download and compile <B>libmp3lame</B> (from lame 3.89beta or lame CVS).<BR>
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30 <B>WARNING : DO NOT COMPILE LAME WITH <U>GCC 2.96</U> ! It won't
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31 work properly !</B><BR>
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32 This
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33 is needed for CBR/VBR MP3 audio encoding ability. Note that a single
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34 <CODE>lame</CODE> binary isn't sufficient. BTW: the less optimization
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35 you use for lame, the better the quality will be. You can test
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36 quality by running <CODE>make test</CODE> after lame's compiling process
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37 is over. The resulting number should be less than <B>30</B>. Don't
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38 panic if it's <B>400</B> or so, you shouldn't heard any audible
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39 quality decrease. Oh, and if your compiler doesn't even run <CODE>make test</CODE> ...
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40 Well, delete that <B>GCC 2.96</B>.</LI>
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41 </UL>
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42 </P>
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43
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44 <P>You are ready. As you probably know, other encoding tools need the
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45 <I>avifile</I> library installed. <B>MEncoder</B> doesn't need it at all.</P>
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46
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47 <P><B><A NAME=2.4.3>2.4.3. MEncoder features</B></P>
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48
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49 <P>
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50 <UL>
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51 <LI>encoding from the wide range of fileformats and decoders of <B>MPlayer</B></LI>
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52 <LI>encoding to all the codecs of ffmpeg's
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53 <A HREF=codecs.html#2.2.1.2>libavcodec</A></LI>
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54 <LI>video encoding from <B>V4L compatible TV tuners</B></LI>
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55 <LI>encoding/multiplexing to interleaved AVI files with proper index</LI>
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56 <LI>1, 2 or 3 pass <B>DivX4</B> video</LI>
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57 <LI><B>VBR</B> MP3 audio - <B>IMPORTANT NOTE</B> : VBR MP3 audio doesn't
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58 always play nicely on windows players! If you intend to encode AVIs
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59 mainly for windows, encode with CBR!</LI>
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60 <LI>PCM audio</LI>
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61 <LI>stream copying (CBR audio only)</LI>
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62 <LI>input A/V synchronizing (PTS-based, can be disabled with -mc 0 option)</LI>
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63 <LI>FPS correction with <CODE>-ofps</CODE> option (useful when encoding
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64 29.97fps VOB to 24fps AVI)</LI>
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65 <LI>movie rescaling</LI>
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66 </UL>
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67 </P>
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68
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69 <P><B><I>Planned features</I></B> :
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70 <UL>
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71 <LI>using audio from separate file (AC3, MP3, OGG)</LI>
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72 <LI>VBR audio stream copy</LI>
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73 <LI>even wider variety of available en/decoding formats/codecs
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74 (creating VOB files with DivX4/Indeo5/VIVO streams :)</LI>
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75 <LI>audio encoding from v4l</LI>
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76 </UL>
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77 </P>
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78
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79 <P><B><A NAME=2.4.3.1>2.4.3.1. Encoding 2 or 3-pass DivX4</B></P>
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80
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81 <P><U><B>2-pass encoding :</B></U> the name comes from the fact that this method encodes the file <I>twice</I>.
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82 The first encoding (dubbed <I>pass</I>) creates some temporary files (*.log) with a
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83 size of few megabytes, do not delete them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the
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84 2-pass output file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The resulting
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85 file will have much better image quality. If this is the first time you heard
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86 about this, you should consult some guides available on the Net.</P>
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87
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88 <P>This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass DivX4 AVI. Just two
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89 commands are needed :<BR>
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90 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, which
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91 can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current one)<BR>
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92 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -divx4opts br=1100
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93 -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
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94 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -divx4opts br=1100 -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P>
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95
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96 <P><U><B>3-pass encoding :</B></U> this is an extension of 2-pass encoding,
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97 where the audio encoding takes place in a separate pass. This method enables
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98 estimation of recommended video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the
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99 audio is encoded only once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics :</P>
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100
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101 <P>
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102 <TABLE>
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103 <TR>
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104 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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105 <CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></TD>
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106 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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107 <B>remove conflicting temporary file</B></TD>
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108 </TR>
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109 <TR>
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110 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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111 <CODE>mencoder &lt;file/DVD&gt; -ovc frameno -o
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112 frameno.avi</CODE></TD>
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113 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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114 <B><U>First pass</U> : an audio-only avi file will be created, containing
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115 ONLY the requested audio stream. Don't forget <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>, if
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116 you need to set it. If you were encoding a long movie, MEncoder prints
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117 the recommended bitrate values for 650Mb, 700Mb, and 800Mb destination
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118 sizes, after this pass finishes.</B></TD>
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119 </TR>
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120 <TR>
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121 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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122 <CODE>mencoder &lt;file/DVD&gt; -oac copy -pass 1
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123 -divx4opts br=&lt;bitrate&gt;</CODE></TD>
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124 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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125 <B><U>Second pass</U> : alias the first pass of DivX4 video encoding.
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126 Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of the
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127 previous pass.</B></TD>
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128 </TR>
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129 <TR>
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130 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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131 <CODE>mencoder &lt;file/DVD&gt; -oac copy -pass 2
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132 -divx4opts br=&lt;bitrate&gt;</CODE></TD>
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133 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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134 <B><U>Third pass</U> : alias the second pass of DivX4 video encoding.
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135 Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of the
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136 previous pass. In this pass, audio from <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE> will be
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137 inserted into the destination file.. and it's all ready!</B></TD>
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138 </TR>
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139 </TABLE>
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140 </P>
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141
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142 <P><B>Example for 3-pass encoding :</B></P>
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143
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144 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file,
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145 which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current
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146 one)<BR>
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147 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno
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148 -o frameno.avi<BR>
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149 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2
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150 -divx4opts br=1100 -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
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151 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2
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152 -divx4opts br=1100 -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE>
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153 </P>
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154
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155
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156 <P><B><A NAME=2.4.3.2>2.4.3.2. Rescaling movies</B></P>
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157
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158 <P>Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be many,
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159 examples are decreasing output file size, encoding SVCDs to DivX. Ripped DVDs
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160 are mostly rescaled, for example a 4:3 DVD should be 640x480, especially
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161 when you want it to fit to 1 CD, and have good quality at the same time.
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162 SVCDs have 480x480 size, and their header contains the aspect ratio the
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163 player should use (Ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding to
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164 AVI (DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers don't store this
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165 value. Thus, the only solution is rescaling.</P>
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166
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167 <P><B>MEncoder</B> can scale input images if they come in YV12 format (for example:
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168 ffdivx, odivx drivers, or mpeg1/2). The output size is specified with the
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169 <CODE>-x</CODE>, and <CODE>-y</CODE> options. Furthermore, there are 3
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170 rescaling filters in <B>MEncoder</B>, <I>0
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171 : fast bilinear</I>, <I>1 : bilinear</I>, <I>2 : bicubic</I> (best quality).
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172 They can be specified with the <CODE>-sws</CODE> option. If not specified,
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173 <B>MEncoder</B> will use 0 : fast bilinear.</P>
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174
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175 <P>Rescaling is very simple :<BR>
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176 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -divx4opts br=1300 -x 640 -y 480 -sws 2 -o output.avi</CODE></P>
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177
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178 <P><B><A NAME=2.4.3.3>2.4.3.3. Stream copying</B></P>
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179
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180 <P><B>MEncoder</B> can handle input streams in two ways : <B>encode</B> or
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181 <B>copy</B> them. This section is about <B>copying</B>.</P>
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182
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183 <P>
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184 <UL>
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185 <LI><B>Video stream</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>) : nice stuff can be done :)<BR>
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186 Like, putting (not converting!) FLI or VIVO or MPEG1 video into an AVI file !
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187 Of course only <B>MPlayer</B> can play such files :) And it probably has no
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188 real life value at all. Rationally : video stream copying can be useful for
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189 example when only the audio stream has to be encoded (like, uncompressed PCM
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190 to MP3).</LI>
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191
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192 <LI><B>Audio stream</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>) : straightforward.</LI>
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193 </UL>
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194 </P>
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195
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196 <P><B><A NAME=2.4.3.4>2.4.3.4. Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</B></P>
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197
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198 <P>Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and
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199 <B>MEncoder</B> generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs in
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200 the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken interleaving,
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201 thus the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option won't be needed for them anymore.</P>
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202
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203 <P>Command : <CODE>mencoder input.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P>
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204
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205
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206 <P><B><A NAME=2.4.3.5>2.4.3.5. Encoding with the <I>libavcodec</I> codec family</B></P>
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207
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208 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.1.2">libavcodec</A> provides simple encoding to a
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209 lot of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are
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210 unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs :</P>
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211
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212 <P>
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213 <UL>
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214 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI>
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215 <LI>h263 - H263</LI>
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216 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI>
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217 <LI>mpeg4 - DivX4</LI>
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218 <LI>msmpeg4 - the old DivX</LI>
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219 <LI>rv10 - an old RealVideo codec</LI>
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220 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI>
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221 </UL>
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222 </P>
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223
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224 <P>The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the
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225 <CODE>vcodec</CODE> config, like : <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P>
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226
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227 <P>An example, with MJPEG compression :<BR>
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228 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg</CODE></P>
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229
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230 <P><B><A NAME=2.4.4>2.4.4. Syntax</B></P>
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231
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232 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder [options] [input file] [options] ...</P>
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233
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234 <P><B><A NAME=2.4.5>2.4.5. Available options</B></P>
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235
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236 <P>NOTE : for all available options, <B>read the manpage !</B></P>
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237
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238 <TABLE BORDER=1>
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239 <TR>
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240 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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241 <I>-o</I> filename</TD>
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242 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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243 specify output filename
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244 </TD>
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245 </TR>
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246 <TR>
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247 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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248 <I>-x</I> width in pixels</TD>
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249 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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250 rescale output video to given pixels width
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251 </TD>
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252 </TR>
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253 <TR>
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254 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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255 <I>-y</I> height in pixels</TD>
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256 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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257 rescale output video to given pixels height
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258 </TD>
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259 </TR>
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260 <TR>
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261 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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262 <I>-sws</I> 0-2</TD>
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263 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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264 type of scaling method<BR>
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265 &nbsp;&nbsp;0 - fast bilinear<BR>
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266 &nbsp;&nbsp;1 - bilinear<BR>
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267 &nbsp;&nbsp;2 - bicubic (best quality)<BR>
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268 </TD>
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269 </TR>
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270 <TR>
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271 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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272 <I>-ovc</I> codecname</TD>
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273 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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274 Encode with the given codec (codec names are from codecs.conf). Examples:<BR>
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275 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>help</B> - get list of available codecs<BR>
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276 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>copy</B> - no encoding, just copy the stream (only from AVI/ASF now)<BR>
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277 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>divx4</B> - encode to DivX4<BR>
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278 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>lavc</B> - encode with a codec from libavcodec<BR>
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279 </TD>
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280 </TR>
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281 <TR>
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282 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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283 <I>-oac</I> codecname</TD>
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284 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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285 Encode with the given codec (codec names are from codecs.conf). Examples:<BR>
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286 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>help</B> - get list of available codecs<BR>
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287 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>copy</B> - no encoding, just copy the stream (only from AVI/ASF now)<BR>
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288 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>pcm</B> - encode to uncompressed PCM<BR>
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289 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>mp3lame</B> - encode to MP3 (using Lame)<BR>
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290 </TD>
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291 </TR>
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292 <TR>
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293 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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294 <I>-divx4opts</I></TD>
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295 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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296 If encoding to DivX4, you can specify its parameters here, like:<BR>
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297 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>-divx4opts br=1800:deinterlace:key=250</CODE><BR>
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298 Common options: <B>(for full list, check the manpage!)</B><BR>
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299 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>help</B> - get help<BR>
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300 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>br</B>=XXX - specify bitrate in kbit &lt;4-16000&gt; or bit &lt;16001-24000000&gt;<BR>
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301 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>q</B>=XXXX - quality (1-fastest, 5-best - default 5)<BR>
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302 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>key</B>=XXXX - keyframe interval<BR>
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303 </TD>
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304 </TR>
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305 <TR>
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306 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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307 <I>-lavcopts</I></TD>
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308 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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309 If encoding with libavcodec, you can specify its parameters here, like:<BR>
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310 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4:vbitrate=1800:vhq:keyint=250</CODE><BR>
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311 Common options: <B>(for full list, check the manpage!)</B><BR>
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312 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>help</B> - get help<BR>
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313 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>vcodec</B>=XXX - select videocodec (for the full list, see the libavcodec section above)<BR>
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314 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>vbitrate</B>=XXX - specify bitrate in kbit &lt;4-16000&gt; or bit &lt;16001-24000000&gt;<BR>
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315 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>vhq</B> - high quality<BR>
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316 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>keyint</B>=XXX - keyframe interval<BR>
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317 </TD>
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318 </TR>
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319 <TR>
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320 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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321 <I>-lameopts</I></TD>
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322 <TD><FONT face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=2>
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323 If encoding to MP3 with libmp3lame, you can specify its parameters here, like:<BR>
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324 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>-lameopts q=3</CODE><BR>
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325 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>-lameopts br=192:cbr</CODE><BR>
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326 Common options: <B>(for full list, check the manpage!)</B><BR>
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327 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>help</B> - get help<BR>
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328 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>cbr</B> - select <B>CBR</B> MP3 (default is <B>VBR</B>)<BR>
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329 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>br</B>=XXX - specify bitrate in kbit &lt;0-1024&gt; (this is for <B>CBR</B> only!)<BR>
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330 &nbsp;&nbsp;<B>q</B>=XXXX - quality (0-highest, 9-fastest - default 0) (this is for <B>VBR</B> only!)<BR>
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331 </TD>
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332 </TR>
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333 </TABLE>
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334
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335 <P><B><A NAME=2.4.6>2.4.6. Examples</B></P>
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336
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337 <P>Using <B>MEncoder</B> is the easiest thing on Earth. See the following :</P>
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338
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339 <P>Encoding from DVD, title 2 :<BR>
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340 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi</CODE></P>
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341
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342 <P>The same, but with libavcodec family, MJPEG compression :<BR>
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343 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -ffourcc mjpg</CODE></P>
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344
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345 <P>Encoding from DVD, title 2, with rescaling :<BR>
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346 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -x 640 -y 480 -sws 2 -o title2.avi</CODE></P>
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347
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348 <P>Encoding from HTTP :<BR>
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349 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder http://mplayer.hq/example.avi -o example.avi</CODE></P>
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350
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351 <P>Encoding from a pipe :<BR>
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352 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rar p test-SVCD.rar | mencoder -divx4opts br=800 -ofps 24 -pass 1 -- -</CODE></P>
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353
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354 <P>Encoding multiple *.vob files :<BR>
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355 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cat *.vob | mencoder &lt;options&gt; -</CODE></P>
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356
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357 <P>Encoding from tuner (for tuner options <A HREF="documentation.html#2.5">see the TV input section !</A>) :<BR>
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358 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -tv on:driver=v4l:width=640:height=480 &lt;options&gt;</CODE></P>
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359
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360 <P>For all available options, <B><I>check the MEncoder man page !</I></B>
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361 <P>
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362 </FONT>
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363 </BODY>
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364 </HTML>