annotate DOCS/xml/es/mencoder.xml @ 25143:5778b137bf4f

synced with r25146
author ptt
date Mon, 26 Nov 2007 21:24:26 +0000
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children 411fef000ff6
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with 1.19 -->
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3 <chapter id="mencoder">
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4 <title>Codificando con <application>MEncoder</application></title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 Para una lista completa de las opciones de <application>MEncoder</application>
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8 y ejemplos, vea por favor la página de manual. Para una serie de ejemplos prácticos
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9 y guias detalladas usando varios parámetros de codificación, lea los
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10 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">consejos-de-codificación</ulink> donde
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11 se recopilan varias conversaciones en la lista de correo mplayer-users. Busque los
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12 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">archivos</ulink>
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13 para obtener abundantes discusiones acerca de todos los aspectos y problemas
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14 relacionados con la codificación con <application>MEncoder</application>.
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15 </para>
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16
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17 <sect1 id="menc-feat-divx4">
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18 <title>Codificación MPEG-4 en 2 o 3-pasadas (&quot;DivX&quot;)</title>
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19
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20 <formalpara>
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21 <title>Codificación en 2-pasadas</title>
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22 <para>
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23 El nombre viene del hecho de que este método codifica el archivo
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24 <emphasis>dos veces</emphasis>. La primera codificación (pasada aislada) crea algunos
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25 archivos temporales (<filename>*.log</filename>) con un tamaño de unos pocos megabytes,
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26 no los borre todavía (puede borrar el AVI). En la segunda pasada, el archivo de salida
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27 de 2-pasadas es creado, usando los datos de tasa de bits de los archivos temporales. El
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28 archivo resultante debe tener así mucha más calidad de imagen. Si es la primera vez que
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29 oye hablar de esto, debería consultar algunas guías disponibles en la Red.
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30 </para>
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31 </formalpara>
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32
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33 <para>
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34 Este ejemplo muestra como codificar un DVD a AVI MPEG-4 de 2-pasadas (&quot;DivX&quot;).
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35 Solo se necesitan dos órdenes:
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36 <screen>rm frameno.avi</screen>
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37 borre este archivo, que puede ser de una codificación previa en 3-pasadas (e interfiere
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38 con el actual)
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39 <screen>
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40 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o <replaceable>pelicula.avi</replaceable>
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41 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o <replaceable>pelicula.avi</replaceable>
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42 </screen>
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43 </para>
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44
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45 <formalpara>
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46 <title>Codificación en 3-pasadas</title>
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47 <para>
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48 Esta es una extensión de la codificación en 2-pasadas, donde la codificación
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49 del au dio se hace en una pasada diferente. Este método estima la tasa de bits
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50 de video necesaria para ajustar el tamaño para un CD. Además, el audio es
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51 codificado una sola vez, y no como en el modo 2-pasadas. De manera esquemática:
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52 </para>
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53 </formalpara>
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54
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55 <procedure>
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56 <step><para>
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57 Borre el archivo temporal conflictivo:
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58 <screen>rm frameno.avi</screen>
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59 </para></step>
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60 <step><para>
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61 <emphasis>Primera pasada:</emphasis>
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62
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63 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>file/DVD</replaceable> -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o frameno.avi</screen>
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64
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65 Se crea un archivo avi solo-audio, que contiene
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66 <emphasis role="bold">únicamente</emphasis> el flujo de audio requerido. No olvide
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67 <option>-lameopts</option>, si necesita establecer algunos parámetros. Si está
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68 codificando una película larga, <application>MEncoder</application> muestra las
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69 tasas de bits recomendadas para tamaños 650MB, 700MB, y 800MB, una vez que finaliza
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70 esta pasada.
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71 </para></step>
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72 <step><para>
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73 <emphasis>Segunda pasada:</emphasis>
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74 <screen>
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75 mencoder <replaceable>file/DVD</replaceable> -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:vbitrate=<replaceable>bitrate</replaceable><!--
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76 --></screen>
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77 Esta es la primera pasada de la codificación de video. Opcionalmente puede
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78 especificar la tasa de bits de video que predijo
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79 <application>MEncoder</application> cuando terminó la primera pasada.
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80 </para></step>
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81 <step><para>
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82 <emphasis>Tercera pasada:</emphasis>
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83 <screen>
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84 mencoder <replaceable>file/DVD</replaceable> -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:vbitrate=<replaceable>bitrate</replaceable>
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85 </screen>
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86 Esta es la segunda pasada de la codificación del video. Especifique la
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87 misma tasa de bits que en la pasada anterior a menos que sepa realmente
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88 lo que está haciendo. En esta pasada, el audio de <filename>frameno.avi</filename>
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89 se inserta en el archivo de destino... y ¡ya está todo hecho!
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90 </para></step>
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91 </procedure>
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92
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93 <example>
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94 <title>Ejemplo de codificación en 3-pasadas</title>
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95 <para>
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96 <screen>rm frameno.avi</screen>
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97 borre este archivo, que puede ser de una codificación en 3-pasadas
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98 anterior (e interferir con el actual)
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99 <screen>
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100 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc frameno -o frameno.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3
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101 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o <replaceable>pelicula.avi</replaceable>
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102 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o <replaceable>pelicula.avi</replaceable>
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103 </screen>
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104 </para>
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105 </example>
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106 </sect1>
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107
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108 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg">
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109 <title>Codificando a formato MPEG</title>
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110 <para>
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111 <application>MEncoder</application> puede crear archivos con formato de salida
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112 MPEG (MPEG-PS). Probablemente esto sea util con el codec <emphasis>mpeg1video</emphasis>
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113 de <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>,
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114 porque los reproductores - excepto <application>MPlayer</application> - esperan
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115 video MPEG1, y audio en MPEG1 layer 2 (MP2) en los archivos MPEG.
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116 </para>
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117
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118 <para>
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119 Esta característica no es muy útil ahora, por un lado probablemente tenga muchos
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120 fallos, pero lo más importante es porque <application>MEncoder</application>
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121 actualmente no codifica audio MPEG1 layer 2 (MP2), que es lo que otros
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122 reproductores esperan en los archivos MPEG.
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123 </para>
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124
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125 <para>
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126 Para cambiar el formato del archivo de salida de
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127 <application>MEncoder</application>, use la opción <option>-of mpeg</option>.
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128 </para>
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129
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130 <para>
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131 Ejemplo:
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132 <screen>
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133 mencoder -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video -oac copy <replaceable>otras opciones</replaceable> <replaceable>media.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable>
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134 </screen>
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135 </para>
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136 </sect1>
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137
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138
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139 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale">
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140 <title>Reescalando películas</title>
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141
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142 <para>
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143 A menudo surge la necesidad de reescalar el tamaño de las imágenes de las películas.
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144 Las razones pueden ser varias: reducir el tamaño del archivo, ancho de banda de la
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145 red, etc. La mayoría de la gente incluso reescala cuando convierte DVDs o SVCDs a
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146 AVI DIVX. Esto es <emphasis role="bold">malo</emphasis>. En lugar de hacer eso, lea
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147 la sección <link linkend="aspect">Conservando la razón de aspecto</link>.
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148 </para>
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149
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150 <para>
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151 El proceso de escalado es manejado por el filtro de video <literal>scale</literal>:
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152 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>ancho</replaceable>:<replaceable>alto</replaceable></option>.
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153 La calidad puede ser establecida con la opción <option>-sws</option>.
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154 Si no se especifica, <application>MEncoder</application> usará 0: bilineal rápido.
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155 </para>
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156
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157 <para>
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158 Uso:
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159 <screen>
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160 mencoder <replaceable>entrada.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -vf scale=640:480-o <replaceable>salida.avi</replaceable>
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161 </screen>
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162 </para>
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163 </sect1>
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164
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165
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166 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy">
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167 <title>Copia de flujos</title>
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168
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169 <para>
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170 <application>MEncoder</application> puede manejar flujos de entrada de dos maneras:
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171 <emphasis role="bold">codificandolos</emphasis> o <emphasis role="bold">copiandolos</emphasis>.
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172 Esta sección habla del modo <emphasis role="bold">copiandolos</emphasis>.
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173 </para>
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174
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175 <itemizedlist>
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176 <listitem><para>
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177 <emphasis role="bold">Flujo de video</emphasis> (opción <option>-ovc copy</option>):
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178 con esto se pueden hacer cosas muy bonitas :) Como, poner (¡convertir no!) ¡video FLI
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179 o VIVO o MPEG1 en un archivo AVI! Por supuesto solo <application>MPlayer</application>
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180 puede reproducir estos archivos :) Y probablemente no tenga ningún valor en la vida
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181 real. Razonadamente: la copia de flujo de video puede ser útil por ejemplo cuando
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182 solo ha de ser codificado el flujo de audio (como, PCM sin comprimir a MP3).
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183 </para></listitem>
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184 <listitem><para>
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185 <emphasis role="bold">Flujo de audio</emphasis> (opción <option>-oac copy</option>):
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186 sinceramente. Es posible usar un archivo de audio externo (MP3, WAV) y
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187 multiplexarlo dentro del flujo de salida. Use para ello la opción
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188 <option>-audiofile <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option>.
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189 </para></listitem>
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190 </itemizedlist>
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191 </sect1>
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192
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193
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194 <sect1 id="menc-feat-fix-avi">
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195 <title>Arreglando AVIs con índice roto o interpolado</title>
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196
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197 <para>
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198 Es lo más facil. Símplemente copia los flujos de audio y video, y
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199 <application>MEncoder</application> genera el índice. Por supuesto esto
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200 no puede arreglar posibles errores en los flujos de audio y/o video. También
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201 arregla archivos con interpolado incorrecto, es decir la opción <option>-ni</option>
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202 ya no será necesaria nunca más.
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203 </para>
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204
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205 <para>
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206 Órden:
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207 <screen>
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208 mencoder -idx <replaceable>entrada.avi</replaceable> -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>salida.avi</replaceable><!--
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209 --></screen>
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210 </para>
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211
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212
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213 <sect2 id="menc-feat-appending">
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214 <title>Uniendo mútiples archivos AVI</title>
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215
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216 <para>
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217 Como un efecto co-lateral, la función de corregir AVI's sin índice habilita a
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218 <application>MEncoder</application> para unir 2 (o más) archivos AVI:
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219 </para>
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220
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221 <para>
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222 Órden:
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223 <screen>cat 1.avi 2.avi | mencoder -noidx -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>salida.avi</replaceable> -</screen>
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224 </para>
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225
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226 <note><para>
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227 Esto espera que <filename>1.avi</filename> y <filename>2.avi</filename> usen
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228 los mismos codecs, resolución, tasa de flujo etc, y al menos <filename>1.avi</filename>
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229 no esté roto. Puede que necesite corregir sus archivos AVI de entrada primero, como
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230 se describe <link linkend="menc-feat-fix-avi">más arriba</link>.
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231 </para></note>
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232 </sect2>
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233 </sect1>
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234
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235 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec">
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236 <title>Codificando con la familia de codecs de
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237 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></title>
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238
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239 <para>
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240 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>
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241 provee un montón de interesantes formatos de video y audio (actualmente sus codecs
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242 de audio no están soportados). Puede codificar con los siguientes codecs
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243 (más o menos actualizado):
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244
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245 <informaltable frame="all">
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246 <tgroup cols="2">
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247 <thead>
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248 <row><entry>Nombre del codec</entry><entry>Descripción</entry></row>
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249 </thead>
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250 <tbody>
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251 <row><entry>mjpeg</entry><entry>
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252 Motion JPEG
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253 </entry></row>
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254 <row><entry>ljpeg</entry><entry>
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255 Lossless JPEG
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256 </entry></row>
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257 <row><entry>h263</entry><entry>
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258 H263
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259 </entry></row>
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260 <row><entry>h263p</entry><entry>
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261 H263 Plus
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262 </entry></row>
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263 <row><entry>mpeg4</entry><entry>
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264 ISO estándar MPEG-4 (compatible con DivX 5, XVID)
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265 </entry></row>
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266 <row><entry>msmpeg4</entry><entry>
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267 pre-standard MPEG-4 variant by MS, v3 (aka DivX3)
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268 </entry></row>
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269 <row><entry>msmpeg4v2</entry><entry>
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270 pre-standard MPEG-4 by MS, v2 (usado en archivos asf antiguos)
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271 </entry></row>
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272 <row><entry>wmv1</entry><entry>
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273 Windows Media Video, version 1 (aka WMV7)
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274 </entry></row>
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275 <row><entry>wmv2</entry><entry>
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276 Windows Media Video, version 2 (aka WMV8)
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277 </entry></row>
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278 <row><entry>rv10</entry><entry>
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279 un codec RealVideo antiguo
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280 </entry></row>
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281 <row><entry>mpeg1video</entry><entry>
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282 MPEG1 video
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283 </entry></row>
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284 <row><entry>mpeg2video</entry><entry>
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285 MPEG2 video
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286 </entry></row>
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287 <row><entry>huffyuv</entry><entry>
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288 compresión sin pérdidas
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289 </entry></row>
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290 <row><entry>asv1</entry><entry>
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291 ASUS Video v1
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292 </entry></row>
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293 <row><entry>asv2</entry><entry>
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294 ASUS Video v2
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295 </entry></row>
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296 <row><entry>ffv1</entry><entry>
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297 codec de video si pérdidas de FFmpeg
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298 </entry></row>
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299 </tbody>
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300 </tgroup>
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301 </informaltable>
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302
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303 La primera columna contiene los nombres de los codecs que deben pasarse
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304 después de la configuración <literal>vcodec</literal>, como:
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305 <option>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</option>
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306 </para>
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307
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308 <informalexample>
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309 <para>
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310 Un ejemplo, con compresión MJPEG:
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311 <screen>mencoder dvd://2 -o título2.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -oac copy</screen>
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312 </para>
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313 </informalexample>
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314 </sect1>
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315
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316
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317 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images">
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318 <title>Codificando desde múltiples archivos de imágenes de entrada (JPEGs, PNGs o TGAs)</title>
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319
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320 <para>
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321 <application>MEncoder</application> es capaz de crear películas desde uno o más
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322 archivos JPEG, PNG o TGA. Con framecopy simple crea archivos MJPEG (Motion JPEG),
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323 MPNG (Motion PNG) o MTGA (Motion TGA).
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324 </para>
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325
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326 <orderedlist>
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327 <title>Explicación del proceso:</title>
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328 <listitem><para>
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329 <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>decodifica</emphasis> las imágenes
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330 de entrada con
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331 <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem> (cuando decodifica PNGs, usa
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332 <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>).
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333 </para></listitem>
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334 <listitem><para>
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335 <application>MEncoder</application> alimenta entonces con la imagen decodificada
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336 al compresor de video elegido (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc.).
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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337 </para></listitem>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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338 </orderedlist>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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339
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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340 <formalpara>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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341 <title>Ejemplos</title>
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342 <para>
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343 La explicación de la opción <option>-mf</option> puede encontrarse más abajo en
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344 la página de manual.
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345
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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346 <informalexample>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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347 <para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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348 Creating a DivX4 file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:
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349 <screen>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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350 mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o output.avi \*.jpg<!--
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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351 --></screen>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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352 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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353 </informalexample>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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354
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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355 <informalexample>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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356 <para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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357 Creando un archivo DivX4 desde algunos archivos JPEG en el directorio actual:
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358 <screen>
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359 mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o <replaceable>salida.avi</replaceable> frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg <!--
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360 --></screen>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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361 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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362 </informalexample>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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363
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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364 <informalexample>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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365 <para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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366 Creando un archivo Motion JPEG (MJPEG) desde todos los archivos JPEG en el
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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367 directorio actual:
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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368 <screen>
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369 mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy -o <replaceable>salida.avi</replaceable> \*.jpg<!--
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370 --></screen>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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371 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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372 </informalexample>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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373
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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374 <informalexample>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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375 <para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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376 Creando un archivo sin comprimir desde todos los archivos PNG en el directorio
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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377 actual:
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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378 <screen>
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379 mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -o <replaceable>salida.avi</replaceable> \*.png<!--
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380 --></screen>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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381 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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382 </informalexample>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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383
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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384 <note><para>
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385 El ancho debe ser múltiplo entero de 4, esto es una estimación del formato AVI RAW RGB.
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386 </para></note>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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387
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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388 <informalexample>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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389 <para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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390 Creando un archivo Motion PNG (MPNG) desde todos los archivos PNG en el
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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391 directorio actual:
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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392 <screen>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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393 mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -o salida.avi \*.png<!--
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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394 --></screen>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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395 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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396 </informalexample>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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397
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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398 <informalexample>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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399 <para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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400 Creando un archivo Motion TGA (MTGA) desde todos los archivos TGA en el
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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401 directorio actual:
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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402 <screen>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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403 mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -o salida.avi \*.tga<!--
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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404 --></screen>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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405 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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406 </informalexample>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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407
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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408 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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409 </formalpara>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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410 </sect1>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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411
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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412
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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413 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub">
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414 <title>Extrayendo subtítulos DVD a archivo Vobsub</title>
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415
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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416 <para>
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417 <application>MEncoder</application> es capaz de extraer subtítulos desde
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418 un DVD a archivos con formato Vobsub. Esto consiste en un par de archivos
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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419 que terminan en <filename>.idx</filename> y <filename>.sub</filename> y
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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420 normalmente son empaquetados en un archivo <filename>.rar</filename> simple.
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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421 <application>MPlayer</application> puede reproducir esto con las opciones
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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422 <option>-vobsub</option> y <option>-vobsubid</option>.
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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423 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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424
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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425 <para>
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426 Puede especificar el nombre base (p.e. sin la extensión <filename>.idx</filename>
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427 o <filename>.sub</filename>) de los archivos de salida con
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428 <option>-vobsubout</option> y el índice para este subtítulo en los
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429 archivos resultantes con <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>.
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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430 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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431
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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432 <para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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433 Si la entrada no es desde un DVD debe usar <option>-ifo</option> para
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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434 indicar el archivo <filename>.ifo</filename> necesario para reconstruir
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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435 el archivo resultante <filename>.idx</filename>.
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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436 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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437
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
nauj27
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438 <para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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439 Si la entrada no es desde un DVD y no tiene el archivo
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440 <filename>.ifo</filename> necesario deberá usar la opción
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441 <option>-vobsubid</option> para decir qué id de idioma poner
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442 en el archivo <filename>.idx</filename>.
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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443 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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444
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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445 <para>
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446 Cada ejecución añade el subtítulo que se está usando si los
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0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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447 archivos <filename>.idx</filename> y <filename>.sub</filename> ya existen.
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448 Debería borrarlos antes de comenzar.
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449 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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450
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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451 <example>
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452 <title>Copiando dos subtítulos desde un DVD mientras se hace la
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453 codificación en 3-pasadas</title>
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454 <screen>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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455 rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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456 mencoder dvd://1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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457 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 1
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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458 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 2 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!--
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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459 --></screen>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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460 </example>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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461
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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462 <example>
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463 <title>Copiando un subtítulo francés desde un archivo MPEG</title>
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464 <screen>
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465 rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub
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466 mencoder <replaceable>pelicula.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>pelicula.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1<!--
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467 --></screen>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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468 </example>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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469
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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470 </sect1>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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471
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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472 <sect1 id="aspect">
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473 <title>Preservando relación de aspecto</title>
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474 <para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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475 Los archivos de DVDs y SVCDs (p.e. MPEG1/2) contienen un valor sobre la
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476 relación de aspecto, que describe cómo debe el reproductor escalar el flujo
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477 de video, los humanos tienen un huevo por cabeza (ej.:480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480).
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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478 Sin embargo cuando se codifica a archivo AVI (DivX), debe estar advertido
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479 de que los encabezados AVI no almacenan este valor. Reescalar la película
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480 es repugnante y consume tiempo, ¡siempre debe haber un camino mejor!
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481 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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482
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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483 <para>Esto es</para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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484
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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485 <para>
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486 MPEG4 tiene una característica única: el flujo de video puede contener
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487 la razón de aspecto necesaria. Sí, igual que MPEG1/2 (DVD, SVCD) y los archivos H263.
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488 Por lástima, <emphasis role="bold">no</emphasis> hay reproductores de video
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
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489 ahí fuera que soporten esta característica de MPEG4, excepto <application>MPlayer</application>.
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490 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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491
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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492 <para>
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493 Esta característica puede ser usada solo con el codec
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494 <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> de
002b970d70d6 sync and livavcodecs tags
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495 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>.
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parents:
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496 Tenga en mente: aunque <application>MPlayer</application> puede reproducir
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
497 correctamente el archivo creado, otros reproductores pueden usar una razón
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0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
nauj27
parents:
diff changeset
498 de aspecto incorrecta.
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
nauj27
parents:
diff changeset
499 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
nauj27
parents:
diff changeset
500
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
nauj27
parents:
diff changeset
501 <para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
nauj27
parents:
diff changeset
502 Seriamente debe recortar las bandas negras que hay por encima y por debajo
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
nauj27
parents:
diff changeset
503 de la imagen.
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
504 Vea la página de manual para usar los filtros <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem>
10613
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
nauj27
parents:
diff changeset
505 y <systemitem>crop</systemitem>.
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
nauj27
parents:
diff changeset
506 </para>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
nauj27
parents:
diff changeset
507
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
nauj27
parents:
diff changeset
508 <para>
10872
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509 Uso
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510 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>sample-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:autoaspect -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o <replaceable>salida.avi</replaceable></screen>
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0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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parents:
diff changeset
511 </para>
10872
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diff changeset
512 </sect1>
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
513
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diff changeset
514 <sect1 id="custommatrices"><title>Matrices inter/intra personalizadas</title>
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
515
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diff changeset
516 <para>
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d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
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parents: 17707
diff changeset
517 Con ésta característica de
11830
002b970d70d6 sync and livavcodecs tags
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parents: 11806
diff changeset
518 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link> puede
10872
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
519 personalizar las matrices inter (marcos-I/marcos clave) e intra (marcos-P/marcos
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
520 de predicción). Está soportado por muchos codecs:
10872
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
521 <systemitem>mpeg1video</systemitem> y <systemitem>mpeg2video</systemitem>
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
522 se ha informado que funcionan.
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
523 </para>
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
524
nauj27
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diff changeset
525 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
526 Un uso normal de esta característica es establecer las matrices preferidas
10872
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
527 por las especificaciones <ulink url="http://www.kvcd.net/">KVCD</ulink>.
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
528 </para>
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
529
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diff changeset
530 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
531 La <emphasis role="bold">Matriz de Cuantización de KVCD &quot;Notch&quot;</emphasis>
10872
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diff changeset
532 </para>
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
533
nauj27
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diff changeset
534 <para>
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
535 Intra:
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
536 <screen>
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
537 8 9 12 22 26 27 29 34
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
538 9 10 14 26 27 29 34 37
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
539 12 14 18 27 29 34 37 38
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
540 22 26 27 31 36 37 38 40
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
541 26 27 29 36 39 38 40 48
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
542 27 29 34 37 38 40 48 58
nauj27
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diff changeset
543 29 34 37 38 40 48 58 69
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
544 34 37 38 40 48 58 69 79
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
545 </screen>
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
546
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
547 Inter:
nauj27
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548 <screen>
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
549 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
550 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32
nauj27
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diff changeset
551 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
552 22 24 26 30 32 32 34 36
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
553 24 26 28 32 34 34 36 38
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
554 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
555 28 30 32 34 36 38 42 42
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
556 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
557 </screen>
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
558 </para>
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
559
nauj27
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diff changeset
560 <para>
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
561 Uso:
nauj27
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562 <screen>
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563 $ mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts inter_matrix=...:intra_matrix=...
10872
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diff changeset
564 </screen>
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
565 </para>
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diff changeset
566
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diff changeset
567 <para>
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diff changeset
568 <screen>
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diff changeset
569 $ mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts
10872
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parents: 10613
diff changeset
570 vcodec=mpeg2video:intra_matrix=8,9,12,22,26,27,29,34,9,10,14,26,27,29,34,37,
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
571 12,14,18,27,29,34,37,38,22,26,27,31,36,37,38,40,26,27,29,36,39,38,40,48,27,
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
572 29,34,37,38,40,48,58,29,34,37,38,40,48,58,69,34,37,38,40,48,58,69,79
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
573 :inter_matrix=16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,20,22,24,26,
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
574 28,30,32,34,22,24,26,30,32,32,34,36,24,26,28,32,34,34,36,38,26,28,30,32,34,
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
575 36,38,40,28,30,32,34,36,38,42,42,30,32,34,36,38,40,42,44 -oac copy -o svcd.mpg
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
576 </screen>
nauj27
parents: 10613
diff changeset
577 </para>
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0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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parents:
diff changeset
578 </sect1>
0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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parents:
diff changeset
579
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diff changeset
580 <sect1 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4">
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
581 <title>Haciendo un MPEG4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) de alta calidad al ripear una película en DVD</title>
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parents: 11697
diff changeset
582
nauj27
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diff changeset
583 <para>
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d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
584 Ripear un título de DVD en un archivo MPEG4 (DivX) de alta calidad
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
585 involucra algunas consideraciones. Más abajo encontrará un ejemplo
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
586 del proceso cuando el objetivo no es conseguir un tamaño determinado
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
587 para el archivo (sino quizá ajustar el resultado en 2GB).
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
588 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> será usado para el
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
589 video, y el audio será copiado como esté sin cambios.
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diff changeset
590 </para>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
591
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diff changeset
592 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-crop">
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parents: 11697
diff changeset
593 <title>Recortando</title>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
594 <para>
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d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
595 Reproduzca el DVD y ejecute el filtro de detección de recorte
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
596 (<option>-vf cropdetect</option>) en él. Esto le dará un rectángulo de
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
597 recorte para usar en la codificación. La razón para el recorte es que muchas
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
598 películas no están en las relaciones de aspecto estándar (16/9 o 4/3), o,
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
599 por cualquier razón, la imagen no se ajusta bien dentro del marco de imagen.
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
600 Además querrá recortar las bandas negras durante el ripeo. También mejora la
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
601 calidad de la imagen porque el filo de las bandas negras consume un montón
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
602 de bits. Un aspecto común es 2.35, el que se llama cinemascope. La mayoría
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
603 de las películas de blockbuster tienen esta razón de aspecto.
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
604 </para>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
605 </sect2>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
606
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
607 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-quality">
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
608 <title>Nivel de calidad</title>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
609 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
610 A continuación debe elegir el nivel de calidad deseado. Cuando no necesite
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
611 ajustar el tamaño resultante en un CD o en lo que sea, usar una cuantización
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
612 constante, AKA calidad constante es una buena elección. De este modo cada
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
613 marco de imagen toma tantos bits como necesite para mantener el nivel de
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
614 calidad deseado, pero sin necesitar múltiples pasadas en la codificación.
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
615 Con
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
616 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>, obtendrá una calidad
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
617 constante usando
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
618 <option>-lavcopts vqscale=<replaceable>N</replaceable></option>.
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
619 <option>vqscale=3</option> debe darle un archivo por debajo de los 2GB
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
620 de tamaño, dependiendo principalmente de la duración de la película y del
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
621 ruido en el video (a más ruido, más difícil de comprimir será).
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
622 </para></sect2>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
623
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
624 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-2gb">
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
625 <title>Archivos más grandes de 2GB</title>
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
626 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
627 Si el archivo resultante codificado con calidad constante es más grande
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
628 de 2GB, deberá crear un índice para poder luego verlos correctamente.
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
629 Puede
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
630
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
631 <itemizedlist>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
632 <listitem><para>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
633 reproducir el archivo con <option>-forceidx</option> para crear un
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
634 índice sobre la marcha o bien
11740
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diff changeset
635 </para></listitem>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
636 <listitem><para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
637 usar <option>-saveidx</option> para escribir un índice a un archivo
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
638 una sola vez y luego <option>-loadidx</option> para usarlo cuando
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
639 reproduzca el archivo.
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
640 </para></listitem>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
641 </itemizedlist>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
642
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
643 Si esto le incomoda, quizá quiera mantener el tamaño por debajo de los 2GB.
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
644 </para>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
645
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
646 <para>
11806
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parents: 11741
diff changeset
647 Hay tres maneras de evitar esto. Puede intentar codificar de nuevo
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
648 usando <option>vqscale=4</option> y ver si tiene el tamaño de
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
649 archivo y la calidad de imagen aceptables. También peude usar
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
650 <link linkend="menc-feat-divx4">codificación en 2 pasadas</link>.
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
651 Como va a copiar la pista de audio como está y conoce por eso
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
652 su tasa de bits, y además sabe la duración de la película, puede
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
653 calcular la tasa de bits de video requerida para dar a la opción
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
654 <option>-lavcopts vbitrate=<replaceable>bitrate</replaceable></option>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
655 sin usar
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
656 <link linkend="menc-feat-divx4">codificación en 3 pasadas</link>.
11806
nauj27
parents: 11741
diff changeset
657 </para>
nauj27
parents: 11741
diff changeset
658
nauj27
parents: 11741
diff changeset
659 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
660 La tercera y posiblemente la mejor opción puede ser rebajar ligeramente
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
661 la resolución. El rebajado suaviza ligeramente y la pérdida de detalle
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
662 es visualmente menos dañina que el ver bloques y otros artifactos
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
663 causados por la compresión MPEG. Escalar a un tamaño menor también reduce
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
664 de manera efectiva el ruido en la imagen, lo que es aún mejor, ya que
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
665 el ruido es más dificil de comprimir.
11740
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parents: 11697
diff changeset
666 </para></sect2>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
667
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
668 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-deinterlacing">
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
669 <title>Desentrelazado</title>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
670 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
671 Si la película está entrelazada, puede que quiera desentrelazarla como
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
672 parte del ripeo. Es debatible si debe desentrelazarse en esta etaba. El
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
673 beneficio es que al desentrelazar mientras convierte a MPEG4 ocasiona
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
674 una mejor compresión, y luego es más fácil de ver con menos CPU en
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
675 monitores de ordenador ya que no es necesario el desentrelazado en
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
676 ese momento.
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
677 </para>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
678
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
679 <para>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
680 Desentrelazar durante la etapa de ripeo es una buena idea dependiendo
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
681 del DVD. Si el DVD está hecho desde una película, y tiene 24 fps,
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
682 puede desentrelazar durante el ripeo. Si, sin embargo, el original
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
683 es un video a 50/60 fps, convertirlo en un video desentrelazado
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
684 a 23.976/25 fps puede perder información. Si decide desentrelazar, puede
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
685 experimentar con distintos filtros de desentrelazado después. Vea
11740
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parents: 11697
diff changeset
686 <ulink url="http://www.wieser-web.de/MPlayer/">http://www.wieser-web.de/MPlayer/</ulink>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
687 para ejemplos. Un buen punto de partida es <option>-vf pp=fd</option>.
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
688 </para>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
689
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
690 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
691 Si está haciendo las dos cosas, recortando y desentrelazando, desentrelace
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
692 <emphasis>antes</emphasis> de recortar. Actualmente, no es necesario
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
693 si el desplazamiento de recorte es vertical y múltiplo de 2 pixels. Sin
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
694 embargo con algunos otros filtros, como dering, deberá siempre hacer el recorte
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
695 lo último, es un buen hábito poner el filtro de recortado el último.
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
696 </para></sect2>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
697
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
698 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-telecine">
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
699 <title>Inversión de telecine</title>
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
700 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
701 Si está ripeando un DVD PAL, con 25 fps, no necesita pensar en
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
702 los fps. Use directamente 25 fps. Los DVDs NTSC por otro lado están
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
703 a 29.97 fps (a menudo rondan los 30 fps, pero no tiene por qué).
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
704 Si la película fue grabada desde TV, no necesita de nuevo tocar
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
705 los fps. Pero si la película fue grabada desde una película, y por
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
706 lo tanto a (exactamente) 24 fps, debe ser convertida a 29.97 fps
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
707 cuando haga el DVD. Esta conversión donde se añaden 12 campos a
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
708 cada 24 marcos de imagen de la película se llama telecine. Para más
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
709 información acerca de telecine, vea una
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
710 <ulink url="http://www.google.com/search?q=telecine+field+23.976">
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
711 búsqueda en Google de &quot;telecine field 23.976&quot;</ulink>.
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
712 </para>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
713
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
714 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
715 En caso de que tenga un DVD telecine, puede que quiera hacer inversión
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
716 del telecine, lo que significa convertir la película a 23.976 fps
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
717 (29.97*4/5). De otro modo las panorámicas de cámara irán a trompicones
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
718 y muy mal. Puede usar <option>-ofps 23.976</option> para ello. Cualquier
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
719 cosas que esté en películas y necesite telecine inverso, no se
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
720 mostrará en TV.
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
721 </para></sect2>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
722
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
723 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-scaling">
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
724 <title>Escalado y razón de aspecto</title>
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
725 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
726 Para mejor calidad, no escale la película durante el ripeo. El
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
727 escalado a tamaño menor obviamente pierde detalle, y el escalado
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
728 a mayor tamaño causa artefactos y hace el archivo mayor en tamaño. Los
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
729 pixels en las películas DVD no son cuadrados, por eso las películas
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
730 en DVD incluyen información acerca de la razón de aspecto correcta. Es
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
731 posible almacenar la razón de aspecto en la cabecera del archivo
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
732 de salida MPEG4. La mayoría de los reproductores de video ignoran
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
733 esta información pero <application>MPlayer</application> la usará.
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
734 Si solo va a usar <application>MPlayer</application> para ver el
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
735 archivo ripeado, no necesitará escalar la película, solo pase
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
736 <option>-lavcopts autoaspect</option> a
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
737 <application>MEncoder</application> y las cosas funcionarán
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
738 bien automágicamente. Si debe escalar la película, tenga
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
739 cuidado con el tamaño dado especialmente si está recortándola.
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
740 </para>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
741 </sect2>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
742
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
743 <sect2 id="menc-feat-dvd-mpeg4-summary">
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
744 <title>Sumando todo esto</title>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
745 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
746 Con todo lo mencionado más arriba en mente, se puede usar una órden
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
747 de codificación como la siguiente
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
748
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
749 <screen>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
750 mencoder dvd://1 -aid 128 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vqscale=3:vhq:v4mv:trell:autoaspect \
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
751 -ofps 23.976 -vf crop=720:364:0:56 -o Harry_Potter_2.avi
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
752 </screen>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
753
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
754 Aquí <option>dvd://1</option> indica el título de DVD a ripear.
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
755 La opción <option>-aid 128</option> indica el uso de la pista 128,
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
756 y <option>-oac copy</option> para copiarla como está. Puede usar
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
757 <application>MPlayer</application> para encontrar los valores
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
758 correctos para las opciones.
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
759 </para>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
760
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
761 <para>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
762 Las opciones <option>vhq:v4mv:trell</option> para
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
763 <option>-lavcopts</option> mejoran la calidad frente a la tasa de bits, pero
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
764 hacen que la codificacion dure más. Especialmente <option>trell</option>
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
765 ralentiza la codificación pero incrementa la calidad visiblemente. Si quiere
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
766 desentrelazar, añada un filtro <option>pp</option> a <option>-vf</option>,
11740
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
767 por ejemplo <option>-vf pp=fd,crop=720:364:0:56</option> (en ese orden).
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
768 Si no necesita invertir el telecine, quite <option>-ofps 23.976</option>.
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
769 </para>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
770 </sect2>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
771
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
772 </sect1>
nauj27
parents: 11697
diff changeset
773
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
774 <sect1 id="menc-feat-telecine">
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
775 <title>Cómo tratar con telecine y entrelazado con DVDs NTSC</title>
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
776
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
777 <formalpara>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
778 <title>Introducción</title>
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
779 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
780 Le sugiero que visite esta página si no entiende mucho lo que está
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
781 escrito en este documento:
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
782 <ulink url="http://www.divx.com/support/guides/guide.php?gid=10">http://www.divx.com/support/guides/guide.php?gid=10</ulink>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
783 Esta URL enlaza a una descripción de lo que es telecine inteligible y
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
784 razonablemente comprensible.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
785 </para></formalpara>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
786
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
787 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
788 Por razones técnicas pertinentes a las limitaciones de reciente
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
789 hardware de televisión, todos los videos que están pensados para ser
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
790 reproducidos en una televisión NTSC deben tener 59.94 campos por segundo.
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
791 Las películas hechas-para-TV y los espectáculos son grabados
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
792 directamente a 24 o 23.976 marcos por segundo. Cuando una película
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
793 para cine DVD es masterizada, el video es entonces convertido para la
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
794 televisión usando un proceso llamado telecine.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
795 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
796
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
797 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
798 En un DVD, el video nunca se almacena como 59.94 campos por segundo.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
799 Para video que es originalmente a 59.94, cada par de campos es
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
800 combinado para formar un marco de imagen, resultando en 29.97 marcos
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
801 por segundo. Los reproductores de DVD por hardware entonces leen un
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
802 indicador embebido en el flujo de video para determinar si son las
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
803 líneas pares o las impares las que deben formar el primer campo.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
804 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
805
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
806 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
807 Normalmente, 23.976 marcos de imagen por segundo se mantienen así
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
808 cuando son codificados en un DVD, y el reproductor de DVD debe
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
809 realizar el telecine sobre la marcha. Algunas veces, sin embargo,
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
810 el video es pasado por el proceso de telecine <emphasis>antes</emphasis>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
811 de ser almacenado en el DVD; incluso aunque tenga originalmente
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
812 23.976 marcos de imagen por segundo, se hace que tenga 59.94 campos
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
813 por segundo, y es almacenado en disco como 29.97 marcos de imagen
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
814 por segundo.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
815 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
816
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
817 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
818 Cuando se observan como marcos individuales formados por 59.94 campos
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
819 por segundo de video, telecine o viceversa, el entrelazado es claramente
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
820 visible en cuanto hay movimiento, porque un campo (digamos, las líneas
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
821 numeradas pares) representa un momento en el tiempo 1/59.94 de un
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
822 segundo después de otro. Al reproducir video entrelazado en un
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
823 ordenador se ve mal porque el monitor tiene una resolución mayor
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
824 y porque el video es mostrado marco-tras-marco en lugar de
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
825 campo-tras-campo.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
826 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
827
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
828 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
829 Notas:
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
830 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
831 <itemizedlist>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
832 <listitem><para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
833 Esta sección solo se aplica a DVDs NTSC, y no a PAL.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
834 </para></listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
835 <listitem><para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
836 El ejemplo <application>MEncoder</application> que hay a lo largo del
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
837 documento <emphasis role="bold">no</emphasis> está comprendido para
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
838 uso normal. Símplemente tiene lo mínimo requerido para codificar la
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
839 categoría de video pertinente. Cómo hacer ripeados de DVD buenos o
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
840 ajuste fino de <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
841 para máxima calidad no es el objetivo de este documento.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
842 </para></listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
843 <listitem><para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
844 Hay un montón de notas a pie de página específicas en esta guia, enlazadas
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
845 como esto:
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
846 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
847 </para></listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
848 </itemizedlist>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
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parents: 11830
diff changeset
849
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
850 <sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident">
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
851 <title>Cómo decir el tipo de video que tiene</title>
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
852
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
853 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-progressive">
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
854 <title>Progresivo</title>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
855 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
856 Video progresivo fue grabado originalmente a 23.976 fps, y almacenado
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
857 en el DVD sin alteración.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
858 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
859
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
860 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
861 Cuando reproduce un DVD progresivo en <application>MPlayer</application>,
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
862 <application>MPlayer</application> mostrará la siguiente línea tan pronto
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
863 como comience la película:
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
864
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
865 <screen> demux_mpg: 24fps progressive NTSC content detected, switching framerate.</screen>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
866
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
867 Desde este punto de vista, demux_mpg nunca debe decir que encuentra
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
868 &quot;contenido a 30fps NTSC.&quot;
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
869 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
870
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
871 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
872 Cuando vea video progresivo, nunca debe ver ningún entrelazado. Tenga
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
873 cuidado, sin embargo, porque algunas veces hay un poco de telecine
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
874 mezclado, donde no se lo espera. He encontrado DVDs de espectáculos de
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
875 TV que tienen un segundo de telecine en cada cambio de escena, o
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
876 en lugares aleatorios incluso. Una vez vi un DVD que tenía el primer
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
877 campo progresivo, y el segundo campo era telecine. Si quiere
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
878 <emphasis>realmente</emphasis> saberlo, puede escanear la película
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
879 entera:
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
880
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
881 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -nosound -vo null -benchmark</screen>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
882
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
883 Usando <option>-benchmark</option> hace que
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
884 <application>MPlayer</application> reproduzca la película tan rápido
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
885 como pueda; tenga en cuenta, dependiendo de su hardware, puede tardar
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
886 bastante. Cada vez que demux_mpg informa de un cambio de tasa de bits,
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
887 la línea inmediatamente por encima le dirá el tiempo en el que el
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
888 cambio ha ocurrido.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
889 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
890
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
891 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
892 Algunas veces el video progresivo es referido como &quot;soft-telecine&quot;
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
893 porque está pensado para ser procesado en telecine por el reproductor de DVD.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
894 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
895 </sect3>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
896
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
897 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-telecined">
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
898 <title>Telecine</title>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
899 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
900 Video con telecine fue grabado originalmente a 23.976 fps, pero fue
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
901 pasado por proceso de telecine <emphasis>antes</emphasis> de ser
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
902 escrito en el DVD.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
903 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
904
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
905 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
906 <application>MPlayer</application> no (nunca) informa de cambios
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
907 en la tasa de bits cuando reproduce video con telecine.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
908 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
909
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
910 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
911 Al ver video con telecine, verá artefactos de entrelazado, que parecen
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
912 &quot;parpadear&quot;: repetidamente aparecen y desaparecen.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
913 Puede verlo de cerca con
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
914 <orderedlist>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
915 <listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
916 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -speed 0.1</screen>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
917 </listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
918 <listitem><para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
919 Busque una parte con movimiento.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
920 </para></listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
921 <listitem><para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
922 Localice un patrón de búsqueda-entrelazada y búsqueda-progresiva
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
923 en marcos de imagen. Si el patrón que ve es PPPII,PPPII,PPPII,...
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
924 entonces el video es con telecine. Si ve algún otro patrón, entonces
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
925 el video puede que esté con telecine usando algún método no estándar
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
926 y <application>MEncoder</application> no puede convertirlo sin pérdidas
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
927 en progresivo. Si no ve ningún patrón, entonces lo más seguro es que
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
928 sea entrelazado.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
929 </para></listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
930 </orderedlist>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
931 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
932
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
933 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
934 Algunas veces el video telecine es referido como &quot;hard-telecine&quot;.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
935 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
936 </sect3>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
937
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
938 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-interlaced">
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
939 <title>Entrelazado</title>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
940 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
941 El video entrelazado fue originalmente grabado a 59.94 campos por segundo,
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
942 y almacenado en el DVD como 29.97 marcos por segundo. El entreñazado
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
943 es el resultado de combinar pares de campos en marcos, porque en cada
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
944 marco de imagen, cada campo ocupa 1/59.94 segundos.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
945 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
946
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
947 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
948 Como en el video en telecine, <application>MPlayer</application> nunca
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
949 debe informar de ningún cambio en la tasa de bits mientras reproduce
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
950 contenido entrelazado.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
951 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
952
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
953 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
954 Cuando ve video entrelazado de cerca con <option>-speed 0.1</option>,
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
955 puede ver que cada marco simple es entrelazado.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
956 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
957 </sect3>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
958
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
959 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-mixedpt">
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
960 <title>Mezcla progresiva y telecine</title>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
961 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
962 Todo video &quot;mezcla progresivo y telecine&quot; originalmente es a
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
963 23.976 marcos por segundo, pero algunas partes de él terminan siendo en
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
964 telecine.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
965 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
966
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
967 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
968 Cuando <application>MPlayer</application> reproduce esta categoria,
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
969 (a menudo de forma repetida) cambia entre &quot;30fps NTSC&quot; y
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
970 &quot;24fps progresivo NTSC&quot;. Consulte la parte de abajo de
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
971 la salida de <application>MPlayer</application> para ver estos
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
972 mensajes.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
973 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
974
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
975 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
976 Deberá consultar las secciones de &quot;30fps NTSC&quot; para
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
977 asegurarse de que es telecine, y no simplemente entrelazado.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
978 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
979 </sect3>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
980
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
981 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-ident-mixedpi">
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
982 <title>Mezcla de progresivo y entrelazado</title>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
983 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
984 En el contenido &quot;mezcla de progresivo y entrelazado&quot;, el
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
985 video progresivo y entrelazado se colocan juntos.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
986 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
987
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
988 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
989 Esta categoría es similar a &quot;mezcla progresivo y telecine&quot;,
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
990 hasta que examine las secciones de 30fps y vea que no tiene el patrón
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
991 de telecine.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
992 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
993 </sect3>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
994
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
995 </sect2>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
996
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
997 <sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode">
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
998 <title>Cómo codificar cada categoría</title>
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
999 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1000 Como dije antes al principio, las líneas de ejemplo de
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1001 <application>MEncoder</application> de más abajo <emphasis role="bold">no</emphasis>
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1002 son para ser usadas; solo son para demostrar los parámetros mínimos para codificar
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1003 en cada categoría.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1004 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1005
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1006 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-progressive">
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1007 <title>Progresivo</title>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1008 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1009 El video progresivo no requiere un filtrado especial para codificarlo. El
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1010 único parámetro que seguramente necesita usar es <option>-ofps 23.976</option>.
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1011 Si no lo hace, <application>MEncoder</application> intentará codificar a
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1012 29.97 fps y marcos duplicados.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1013 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1014
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1015 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1016 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -ovc lavc -ofps 23.976</screen>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1017 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1018 </sect3>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1019
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1020 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-telecined">
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1021 <title>Telecine</title>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1022 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1023 Telecine puede ser invertido para obtener el contenido 23.976 original,
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1024 usando un proceso llamado telecine-inverso.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1025 <application>MPlayer</application> contiene dos filtros para
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1026 conseguir esto: <option>detc</option> y <option>ivtc</option>. Puede leer
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1027 la página de manual para ver las diferencias, pero para DVDs nunca he tenido
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1028 problemas con <option>ivtc</option>. Note que
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1029 <emphasis role="bold">siempre</emphasis> deberá hacer telecine-inverso
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1030 antes de cualquier reescalado; a menos que realmente sepa lo que está haciendo,
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1031 telecine-inverso antes de recortar también
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1032 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>. De nuevo,
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1033 necesitará <option>-ofps 23.976</option> también.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1034 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1035
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1036 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1037 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf ivtc=1 -ovc lavc -ofps 23.976</screen>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1038 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1039 </sect3>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1040
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1041 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-interlaced">
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1042 <title>Entrelazado</title>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1043 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1044 Para la mayor parte de los casos prácticos no es posible obtener un
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1045 video progresivo completo de un contenido entrelazado. La única manera
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1046 de hacerlo sin perder la mitad de la resolución vertical es doblar la
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1047 tasa de imágenes por segundo e intentar &quot;adivinar&quot; como se
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1048 obtienen las correspondientes líneas para cada campo (esto ocasiona
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1049 problemas - vea el método 3).
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1050 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1051
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1052 <orderedlist>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1053 <listitem><para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1054
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1055 Codifique el video en formato entrelazado. Normalmente, el entrelazado
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1056 permite al codificador comprimir bien, pero
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1057 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> tiene dos
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1058 parámetros específicos para jugar con video entrelazado un poco mejor:
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1059 <option> ildct</option> y <option>ilme</option>. Además, es
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1060 altamente recomendable usar <option>mbd=2</option>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1061 <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[2] </link> porque codifica
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1062 los macrobloques como no entrelazados en lugares donde no hay movimiento.
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1063 Note que <option>-ofps</option> NO es necesario aquí.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1064
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1065 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -ovc lavc -lavcopts ildct:ilme:mbd=2</screen>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1066 </para></listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1067 <listitem><para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1068 Use un filtro de desentrelazado antes de codificar. Hay varios
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1069 filtros disponibles para elegir, cada uno con sus ventajas y sus
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1070 desventajas. Consulte <option>mplayer -pphelp</option> para ver
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1071 qué hay disponible (grep &quot;deint&quot;), y busque en las
17707
b70d17d4c76b Change obsolete references to design6 to design7.
diego
parents: 17706
diff changeset
1072 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/design7/info.html#mailing_lists">
12158
613cc5d45ba4 Added <application> missing tags.
nauj27
parents: 12119
diff changeset
1073 listas de correo <application>MPlayer</application></ulink> para encontrar
613cc5d45ba4 Added <application> missing tags.
nauj27
parents: 12119
diff changeset
1074 discusiones acerca de varios filtros. De nuevo, la tasa de bits por segundo
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1075 no cambia, nada de <option>-ofps</option>. Además, el desentrelazado debe
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1076 hacerse después del recortado <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">
12158
613cc5d45ba4 Added <application> missing tags.
nauj27
parents: 12119
diff changeset
1077 [1]</link> y antes del escalado.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1078
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1079 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf pp=lb -ovc lavc</screen>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1080 </para></listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1081 <listitem><para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1082 Desafortunadamente, esta opción tiene fallos con
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1083 <application>MEncoder</application>; funcionará bien con
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1084 <application>MEncoder G2</application>, pero todavía no está disponible.
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1085 Puede experimentar cuelgues del sistema. De todos modos, el propósito
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1086 de <option>-vf tfields</option> es crear una tasa de bits completa por
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1087 campo, que haga que la tasa completa sea de 59.94. La ventaja de esta
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1088 aproximación es que no hay pérdida de datos; sin embargo, como cada marco
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1089 viene solo con un campo, las líneas que faltan tienen que se interpoladas
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1090 de alguna manera. No hay buenos métodos para generar estos datos
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1091 que faltan, y el resultado será un poco similar al que se obtiene cuando
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1092 se usan algunos filtros de desentrelazado. La generación de las líneas
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1093 que faltan crean otros problemas, símplemente porque se dobla la cantidad
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1094 de datos. Por eso, tasas de bits más altas para la codificación son
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1095 requeridas para mantener la calidad, y se usa más potencia de CPU para
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1096 la codificación y la decodificación. tfields tiene varias opciones
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1097 distintas para crear las líneas que faltan en cada marco. Si usa
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1098 este método, refiérase al manual, y elija la opción que mejor se ajuste
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1099 para su material. Note que cuando use <option>tfields</option>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1100 <emphasis role="bold">tiene que</emphasis> especificar <option>-fps</option>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1101 y <option>-ofps</option> para doblar la tasa de bits de su fuente
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1102 original.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1103
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1104 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf tfields=2 -ovc lavc -fps 59.94 -ofps 59.94</screen>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1105 </para></listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1106 <listitem><para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1107 Si planea subescalar dramáticamente, puede codificar solo uno de los
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1108 dos campos. Por supuesto, perderá la mitad de la resolución vertical,
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1109 pero si planea subescalar a al menos 1/2 del original, la pérdida no
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1110 importa mucho. El resultado será un archivo progresivo de 29.97 marcos
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1111 por segundo. El procedimiento es usar <option>-vf field</option>, entonces
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1112 recortar <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link> y
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1113 escalar apropiadamente. Recuerde que tiene que ajustar la escala para
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1114 compensar la resolución vertical que está siendo perdida.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1115 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf field=0 -ovc lavc</screen>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1116 </para></listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1117 </orderedlist>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1118 </sect3>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1119
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1120 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpt">
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1121 <title>Mezcla de progresivo y telecine</title>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1122 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1123 Para mezclar video progresivo y telecine en un video completamente
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1124 progresivo, las partes en telecine tienen que pasar por el proceso
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1125 de telecine-inverso. Hay dos filtros que realizan esto nativamente, pero
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1126 una solución mejor casi siempre es usar dos filtros conjuntamente
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1127 (lea más adelante para más detalles).
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1128 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1129
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1130 <itemizedlist>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1131 <listitem><para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1132 Actualmente el método más fiable para tratar este tipo de video
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1133 es, en lugar de hacer telecine-inverso con las partes en telecine,
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1134 pasar a telecine las partes que no lo son y luego hacer telecine-inverso
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1135 del video completo. ¿Suena confuso? softpulldown es un filtro que
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1136 hadce que el video se haga completamente en telecine. Si se sigue
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1137 softpulldown con alguno de entre <option>detc</option> o
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1138 <option>ivtc</option>, el resultado final será completamente progresivo.
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1139 El recortado y el escalado debe hacerse después de las operaciones de
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1140 telecine-inverso, y <option>-ofps 23.976</option> es necesario.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1141
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1142 <screen>mencoder dvd://1 -nosound -vf softpulldown,ivtc=1 -ovc lavc -ofps 23.976</screen>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1143 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1144 </listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1145 <listitem><para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1146 <option>-vf pullup</option> está diseñado para hacer telecine-inverso
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1147 con material en telecine mientras que deja el video progresivo como
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1148 datos aislados. Pullup no funciona muy bien con el
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1149 <application>MEncoder</application> actual, realmente está hecho
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1150 para ser usado con <application>MEncoder G2</application> (cuando esté
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1151 listo). Funciona bien sin <option>-ofps</option>, pero
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1152 <option>-ofps</option> se necesita para prevenir salida con saltos.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1153 Con <option>-ofps</option>, algunas veces falla. Los problemas vienen
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1154 de mantener la sincronización entre el audio y el video: elimina
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1155 marcos antes de enviarlos a la cadena de filtros, en lugar de después.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1156 Como resultado, <option>pullup</option> algunas veces pierde los
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1157 datos que necesita.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1158 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1159
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1160 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1161 Si <application>MEncoder</application> descarta demasiados marcos de
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1162 imagen en una fila, se carga los buffers <option>pullup</option> y
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1163 causa el fallo del programa.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1164 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1165
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1166 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1167 Incluso si <application>MEncoder</application> solo descarta un marco,
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1168 <option>pullup</option> sigue sin verse bien, y puede resultar en
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1169 una secuencia incorrecta de marcos de imagen. Incluso si no causa
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1170 un fallo del sistema, <option>pullup</option> es capaz de hacer decisión
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1171 de correcciones sobre como reensamblar los marcos progresivos, y
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1172 hacer coincidir campos juntos de manera incorrecta o descargar
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1173 algunos campos para compensar.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1174 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1175 </listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1176
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1177 <listitem><para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1178 Recientemente he usado <option>-vf filmdint</option> yo mismo, pero
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1179 esto es lo que dice D Richard Felker III:
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1180
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1181 <blockquote><para>Está bien, pero IMO (en mi opinión) intenta
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1182 densentrelazar en lugar de hacer inversión del telecine
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1183 demasiado a menudo (muy similar a los reproductores de sobremesa
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1184 de DVD y TVs progresivas) que causan parpadeos que afean y
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1185 otros artefactos. Si está haciendo uso de esto, necesita por lo
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1186 menos perder algún tiempo haciendo un ajuste fino de las opciones
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1187 y viendo la salida para asegurarse de que no está haciendolo mal.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1188 </para></blockquote>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1189 </para></listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1190 </itemizedlist>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1191 </sect3>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1192
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1193 <sect3 id="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpi">
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1194 <title>Mezcla de progresivo y entrelazado</title>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1195 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1196 Hay dos opciones para tratar esta categoría, cada una con sus
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1197 compromisos. Debe decidir si se quiere basar en la duración
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1198 o localización de cada tipo.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1199 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1200
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1201 <itemizedlist>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1202 <listitem><para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1203 Trátelo como progresivo. Las partes entrelazadas parecen entrelazadas,
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1204 y algunos campos entrelazados son descartados, resultando en un
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1205 poco dispares y con saltos. Puede usar un filtro de postprocesado
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1206 si quiere, pero degradará ligeramente las partes progresivas.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1207 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1208
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1209 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1210 Definitivamente esta opción no debe ser usada si quiere eventualmente
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1211 mostrar el video en un dispositivo entrelazado (con una tarjeta de TV,
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1212 por ejemplo). Si tiene marcos entrelazados en un video de 23.976 marcos
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1213 por segundo, deben ponerse en telecine junto con los marcos
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1214 progresivos. La mitad de los "marcos" entrelazados serán mostrados
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1215 en duración de tres campos (3/59.94 segundos), resultando en un
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1216 efecto de parpadeo &quot;con salto atrás en el tiempo&quot; lo que hace
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1217 que se vea bastante mal. Si quiere intentarlo,
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1218 <emphasis role="bold">debe</emphasis> usar un filtro de desentrelazado
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1219 como <option>lb</option> o <option>l5</option>.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1220 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1221
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1222 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1223 También puede ser una mala idea para una pantalla progresiva.
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1224 Descartará pares de campos consecutivos entrelazados, resultando
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1225 en una discontinuidad que puede ser más visible que con el segundo
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1226 método, el cual muestra algunos marcos progresivos dos veces. El
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1227 video entrelazado a 29.97 marcos por segundo ya se ve realmente con
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1228 saltitos porque debe ser mostrado a 59.94 campos por segundo, lo que
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1229 hace que los marcos duplicados no estén durante mucho tiempo en pantalla.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1230 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1231
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1232 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1233 En cualquier caso, es mejor considerar su contenido y cómo quiere
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1234 mostrarlo. Si su video es 90% progresivo y no tiene intención de
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1235 mostrarlo en una TV, debería usar una aproximación progresiva. Si
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1236 es solo la mitad progresivo, probablemente querrá codificarlo como
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1237 está si todo está entrelazado.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1238 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1239 </listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1240
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1241 <listitem><para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1242 Trátelo como entrelazado. Algunas características de las partes
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1243 progresivas serán tratadas por duplicado, resultando en una imagen
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1244 a saltos. De nuevo, los filtros de desentrelazado pueden degradar
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1245 ligeramente las partes progresivas.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1246 </para></listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1247
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1248 </itemizedlist>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1249 </sect3>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1250
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1251 </sect2>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1252
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1253 <sect2 id="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1254 <title>Notas a pie de página</title>
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1255 <orderedlist>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1256 <listitem><formalpara>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1257 <title>Acerca del recortado:</title>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1258 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1259 Los datos de video de los DVDs son almacenados en un formato llamado
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1260 YUV 4:2:0. En video YUV, la luminancia (&quot;brillo&quot;) y la
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1261 crominancia (&quot;color&quot;) se almacenan por separado. Debido
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1262 a que el ojo humano es menos sensible al color que al brillo, en una
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1263 imagen YUV 4:2:0 hay solo un pixel de crominancia por cada cuatro de
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1264 luminancia (dos por lado) teniendo el pixel de crominancia común.
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1265 Debe recortar YUV progresivo 4:2:0 a resoluciones pares, e incluso usar
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1266 desplazamientos pares. Por ejemplo, <option>crop=716:380:2:26</option>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1267 es CORRECTO pero <option>crop=716:380:3:26</option> no lo es.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1268 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1269 </formalpara>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1270
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1271 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1272 Cuando esté tratando con YUV 4:2:0 entrelazado, la situación es un
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1273 poco más complicada. En lugar de cada cuatro pixels de luminancia en
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1274 el <emphasis>marco</emphasis> compartiendo uno de crominancia, cada
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1275 cuatro de luminancia en cada <emphasis>campo</emphasis> comparten un
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1276 pixel de crominancia. Cuando los campos son entrelazados para formar
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1277 un marco, cada scanline es un pixel de alta. Ahora, en lugar de cada
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1278 cuatro pixels de luminancia en un cuadrado, hay dos pixels lado-a-lado,
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1279 y los otros dos pixels están lado-a-lado dos scanlines más abajo. Los dos
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1280 pixels de luminancia en la scanline intermedia son del otro campo, y
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1281 por eso comparten un pixel distinto de crominancia con dos pixels de
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1282 luminancia dos scanlines más allá. Toda esta confusión hace necesario
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1283 tener dimensiones y desplazamientos de recorte vertical en múltiplos
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1284 de cuatro. El horizontal puede quedarse igual.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1285 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1286
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1287 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1288 Para video en telecine, recomiendo que se recorte después de hacer
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1289 la inversión del telecine. Una vez que el video es progresivo solo
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1290 necesita recortar con números pares. Si realmente quiere ganar algo
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1291 de velocidad más que lo que el primer recortado puede ofrecer, debe
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1292 recortar verticalmente en múltiplos de cuatro o bien usar el filtro
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1293 de telecine-inverso con los datos apropiados.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1294 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1295
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1296 <para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1297 Para video entrelazado (no telecine), siempre debe recortar
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1298 verticalmente por múltiplos de cuatro a menos que use
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1299 <option>-vf field</option> antes de recortar.
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1300 </para>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1301 </listitem>
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1302
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1303 <listitem><formalpara>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1304 <title>Acerca de los parámetros de codificado y la calidad:</title>
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1305 <para>
20526
d61a365dbe87 convert DOCS/xml/es and help/help_mp-es.h* to UTF-8
kraymer
parents: 17707
diff changeset
1306 Solo porque yo recomiendo <option>mbd=2</option> aquí no significa que
12010
f10cd14214cf Telecined and related sync
nauj27
parents: 11830
diff changeset
1307 deba ser usado siempre. Junto con <option>trell</option>,
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1308 <option>mbd=2</option> es una de las dos opciones de
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1309 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> que pueden
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1310 incrementar la calidad, y siempre debe usar al menos estos dos
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1311 a menos que la pérdida de velocidad sea prohibitiva (e.g. codificación
12010
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1312 en tiempo real). Hay muchas otras opciones para
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1313 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> que incrementan
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1314 la calidad de la codificación (e incrementa la velocidad de la codificación)
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1315 pero eso queda más allá del objeto de este documento.
12010
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1316 </para>
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1317 </formalpara>
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1318 </listitem>
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1319
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1320 </orderedlist>
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1321
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1322 </sect2>
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1323
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1324 </sect1>
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1325
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0c226661c02d New spanish translated DOC file
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1326 </chapter>