annotate DOCS/en/formats.html @ 10615:65226e2ea605

DVB input documentation by Nico <nsabbi@libero.it> with some changes by me.
author diego
date Fri, 15 Aug 2003 12:47:18 +0000
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3
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4 <HEAD>
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5 <TITLE>Formats - MPlayer - The Movie Player for Linux</TITLE>
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../default.css">
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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8 </HEAD>
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9
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10 <BODY>
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11
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12
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13 <H2><A NAME="formats">2.1 Supported formats</A></H2>
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14
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15 <P>It is important to clarify a common mistake. When people see a file with a
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16 <B>.AVI</B> extension, they immediately conclude that it is not an MPEG file.
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17 That is not true. At least not entirely. Contrary to popular belief such a
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18 file <B>can</B> contain MPEG1 video.</P>
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19
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20 <P>You see, a <B>codec</B> is not the same as a <B>file format</B>.<BR>
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21 Examples of video <B>codecs</B> are: MPEG1, MPEG2, DivX, Indeo5, 3ivx.<BR>
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22 Examples of file <B>formats</B> are: MPG, AVI, ASF.</P>
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23
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24 <P>In theory, you can put an OpenDivX video and MP3 audio into an <B>MPG</B>
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25 format file. However, most players will not play it, since they expect MPEG1
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26 video and MP2 audio (unlike <B>AVI</B>, <B>MPG</B> does not have the
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27 necessary fields to describe its video and audio streams). Or you might put
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28 MPEG1 video into an AVI file.
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29 <A HREF="http://ffmpeg.sourceforge.net">FFmpeg</A> and
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30 <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A> can create these files.</P>
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33
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34 <H3><A NAME="video_formats">2.1.1 Video formats</A></H3>
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35
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36
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37 <H4><A NAME="mpeg">2.1.1.1 MPEG files</A></H4>
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38
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39 <P>MPEG files come in different guises:</P>
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40
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41 <UL>
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42 <LI>MPG: This is the most <B>basic</B> form of the MPEG file formats. It
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43 contains MPEG1 video, and MP2 (MPEG-1 layer 2) or rarely MP1 audio.</LI>
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44 <LI>DAT: This is the very same format as MPG with a different extension. It
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45 is used on <B>Video CD</B>s. Due to the way VCDs are created and Linux is
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46 designed, DAT files cannot be played nor copied from VCDs as regular files.
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47 You have to use <CODE>vcd://</CODE> to play a Video CD.</LI>
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48 <LI>VOB: This is the MPEG file format on <B>DVD</B>s. It is the same as MPG,
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49 plus the capability to contain subtitles or non-MPEG (AC3) audio. It
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50 contains encoded MPEG2 video and usually AC3 audio, but DTS, MP2 and
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51 uncompressed LPCM are allowed, too.<BR> <B>Read the <A
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52 HREF="cd-dvd.html#dvd">DVD section</A>!</B></LI>
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53 </UL>
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54
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55 <P>Series of frames form independent groups in MPEG files. This means that you
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56 can cut/join an MPEG file with standard file tools (like <CODE>dd</CODE>,
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57 <CODE>cut</CODE>), and it remains completely functional.</P>
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58
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59 <P>One important feature of MPGs is that they have a field to describe the
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60 aspect ratio of the video stream within. For example SVCDs have 480x480
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61 resolution video, and in the header that field is set to 4:3, so that it is
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62 played at 640x480. AVI files do not have this field, so they have to be
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63 rescaled during encoding or played with the <CODE>-aspect</CODE> option.</P>
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64
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65
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66 <H4><A NAME="avi">2.1.1.2 AVI files</A></H4>
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67
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68 <P>Designed by Microsoft, <B>AVI (Audio Video Interleaved)</B> is a widespread
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69 multipurpose format currently used mostly for DivX and DivX4 video. It has
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70 many known drawbacks and shortcomings (for example in streaming). It
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71 supports one video stream and 0 to 99 audio streams. File size is limited to
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72 2GB, but there exists an extension allowing bigger files called
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73 <B>OpenDML</B>. Microsoft currently strongly discourages its use and
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74 encourages ASF/WMV. Not that anybody cares.</P>
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75
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76 <P>There is a hack that allows AVI files to contain an Ogg Vorbis audio
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77 stream, but makes them incompatible with standard AVI. MPlayer
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78 supports playing these files. Seeking is also implemented but severely
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79 hampered by badly encoded files with confusing headers. Unfortunately the
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80 only encoder currently capable of creating these files, NanDub, has this
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81 problem.</P>
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82
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83 <P><B>Note:</B> DV cameras create raw DV streams that DV grabbing utilities
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84 convert to two different types of AVI files. The AVI will then contain either
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85 separate audio and video streams that MPlayer can play or the raw DV
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86 stream for which support is under development.</P>
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87
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88 <P>There are two kinds of AVI files:</P>
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89 <UL>
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90 <LI><B>Interleaved:</B> Audio and video content is interleaved. This is the
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91 standard usage. Recommended and mostly used. Some tools create
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92 interleaved AVIs with bad sync. MPlayer detects these as
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93 interleaved, and this climaxes in loss of A/V sync, probably at seeking.
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94 These files should be played as non-interleaved (with the <CODE>-ni</CODE>
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95 option).</LI>
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96 <LI><B>Non-interleaved:</B> First comes the whole video stream, then the whole
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97 audio stream. It thus needs a lot of seeking, making playing from network or
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98 CD-Rom difficult.</LI>
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99 </UL>
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100
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101 <P>MPlayer supports two kinds of timings for AVI files:</P>
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102 <UL>
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103 <LI><B>bps-based</B>: It is based on the bitrate/samplerate of the video/audio stream. This
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104 method is used by most players, including <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net">avifile</A>
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105 and Windows Media Player.
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106 Files with broken headers, and files created with VBR audio but not with a
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107 VBR-compliant encoder will result in A/V desync with this method (mostly at
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108 seeking).</LI>
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109 <LI><B>interleaving-based</B>: It does not use the bitrate value of the header, instead
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110 it uses the relative position of interleaved audio and video chunks, making
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111 badly encoded files with VBR audio playable.</LI>
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112 </UL>
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113
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114 <P>Any audio and video codec is allowed, but note that VBR audio is not well
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115 supported by most players. The file format makes it possible to use VBR
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116 audio, but most players expect CBR audio, thus they fail with VBR. VBR is
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117 uncommon and the Microsoft AVI specs only describe CBR audio. Most AVI
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118 encoders/multiplexers create bad files when using VBR audio. There are only
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119 two known exceptions: NanDub and <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A>.</P>
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120
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121
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122 <H4><A NAME="asf">2.1.1.3 ASF/WMV files</A></H4>
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123
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124 <P>ASF (active streaming format) comes from Microsoft. They developed two
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125 variants of ASF, v1.0 and v2.0. v1.0 is used by their media tools (Windows
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126 Media Player and Windows Media Encoder) and is very secret. v2.0 is published
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127 and patented :). Of course they differ, there is no compatibility at all (it
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128 is just another legal game). MPlayer supports only v1.0, as nobody has
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129 ever seen v2.0 files :). Note that ASF files nowadays come with the extension
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130 .WMA or .WMV.</P>
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131
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132
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133 <H4><A NAME="mov">2.1.1.4 QuickTime/MOV files</A></H4>
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134
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135 <P>These formats were designed by Apple and can contain any codec, CBR or VBR.
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136 They usually have a .QT or .MOV extension. Ever since the MPEG4 group chose
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137 QuickTime as the recommended file format for MPEG4, their MOV files come with
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138 an
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139 .MPG or .MP4 extension (Interestingly the video and audio streams in these
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140 files are real MPG and AAC files. You can even extract them with the
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141 <CODE>-dumpvideo</CODE> and <CODE>-dumpaudio</CODE> options.).</P>
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142
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143 <P><B>Note:</B> Most new QuickTime files use <B>Sorenson</B> video and QDesign
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144 Music audio. See our <A HREF="codecs.html#sorenson">Sorenson</A> codec
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145 section.</P>
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146
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147
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148 <H4><A NAME="vivo">2.1.1.5 VIVO files</A></H4>
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149
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150 <P>MPlayer happily demuxes VIVO file formats. The biggest disadvantage
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151 of the format is that it has no index block, nor a fixed packet size or sync
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152 bytes and most files lack even keyframes, so forget seeking!</P>
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153
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154 <P>The video codec of VIVO/1.0 files is standard <B>h.263</B>. The video codec
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155 of VIVO/2.0 files is a modified, nonstandard <B>h.263v2</B>. The audio is the
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156 same, it may be <B>g.723</B> (standard), or <B>Vivo Siren</B>.</P>
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157
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158 <P>See the <A HREF="codecs.html#vivo_video">VIVO video codec</A> and
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159 <A HREF="codecs.html#vivo_audio">VIVO audio codec</A> sections for installation
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160 instructions.</P>
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161
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162
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163 <H4><A NAME="fli">2.1.1.6 FLI files</A></H4>
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164
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165 <P><B>FLI</B> is a very old file format used by Autodesk Animator, but it is a
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166 common file format for short animations on the net. MPlayer demuxes
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167 and decodes FLI movies and is even able to seek within them (useful when
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168 looping with the <CODE>-loop</CODE> option). FLI files do not have keyframes,
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169 so the picture will be messy for a short time after seeking.</P>
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170
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171
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172 <H4><A NAME="real">2.1.1.7 RealMedia (RM) files</A></H4>
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173
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174 <P>Yes, MPlayer can read (demux) RealMedia (.rm) files. Seeking works,
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175 but you have to explicitly specify the <CODE>-forceidx</CODE> option
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176 (the format supports keyframes). Here are the lists of the supported
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177 <A HREF="codecs.html#realvideo">RealVideo</A>
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178 and <A HREF="codecs.html#realaudio">RealAudio</A> codecs.</P>
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179
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180
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181 <H4><A NAME="nuppelvideo">2.1.1.8 NuppelVideo files</A></H4>
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182
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183 <P><A HREF="http://mars.tuwien.ac.at/~roman/nuppelvideo">NuppelVideo</A>
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184 is a TV grabber tool (AFAIK:). MPlayer can read its .NUV files (only
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185 NuppelVideo 5.0). Those files can contain uncompressed YV12, YV12+RTJpeg
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186 compressed, YV12 RTJpeg+lzo compressed, and YV12+lzo compressed frames.
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187 MPlayer decodes them all (and also <B>encodes</B> them with
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188 MEncoder to DivX/etc!). Seeking works.</P>
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189
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190
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191 <H4><A NAME="yuv4mpeg">2.1.1.9 yuv4mpeg files</A></H4>
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192
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193 <P><A HREF="http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net">yuv4mpeg / yuv4mpeg2</A> is a file
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194 format used by the <A HREF="http://mjpeg.sf.net">mjpegtools programs</A>.
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195 You can grab, produce, filter or encode video in this format using these
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196 tools. The file format is really a sequence of uncompressed YUV 4:2:0
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197 images.</P>
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198
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199
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200 <H4><A NAME="film">2.1.1.10 FILM files</A></H4>
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201
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202 <P>This format is used on old Sega Saturn CD-Rom games.</P>
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203
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204
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205 <H4><A NAME="roq">2.1.1.11 RoQ files</A></H4>
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206
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207 <P>RoQ files are multimedia files used in some ID games such as Quake III and
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208 Return to Castle Wolfenstein.</P>
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209
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210
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211 <H4><A NAME="ogg">2.1.1.12 OGG/OGM files</A></H4>
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212
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213 <P>This is a new file format from <A HREF="http://www.xiph.org">Xiphophorus</A>.
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214 It can contain any video or audio codec, CBR or VBR. You will need to
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215 have <CODE>libogg</CODE> and <CODE>libvorbis</CODE> installed
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216 before compiling MPlayer to be able to play it.</P>
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217
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218
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219 <H4><A NAME="sdp">2.1.1.13 SDP files</A></H4>
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220
76940a39405a RTSP/RTP documentation, patch by Ross Finlayson <finlayson@live.com>.
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221 <P><A HREF="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2327.txt">SDP</A>
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222 is an IETF standard format for describing video and/or audio RTP streams.
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223 (The "<A HREF="http://www.live.com/mplayer/">LIVE.COM Streaming Media</A>"
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224 libraries are required.)</P>
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225
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226
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227 <H4><A NAME="pva">2.1.1.14 PVA files</A></H4>
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228
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229 <P>PVA is an MPEG-like format used by DVB TV boards' software (e.g.: MultiDec,
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230 WinTV) under Windows.</P>
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231
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232 <P>The PVA specifications can be downloaded from the following address:
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233 <A HREF="http://www.technotrend.de/download/av_format_v1.pdf">http://www.technotrend.de/download/av_format_v1.pdf</A></P>
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234
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235
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236 <H4><A NAME="gif">2.1.1.15 GIF files</A></H4>
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237
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238 <P>The <B>GIF</B> format is a common format for web graphics. There are two
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239 versions of the GIF spec, GIF87a and GIF89a. The main difference is that
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240 GIF89a allows for animation. MPlayer supports both formats through use
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241 of libungif or another libgif-compatible library. Non-animated GIFs will
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242 be displayed as single frame videos. (Use the <CODE>-loop</CODE> and
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243 <CODE>-fixed-vo</CODE> options to display these longer.)</P>
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244
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245 <P>MPlayer currently does not support seeking in GIF files. GIF files do
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246 not necessarily have a fixed frame size, nor a fixed framerate. Rather,
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247 each frame is of independent size and is supposed to be positioned in a
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248 certain place on a field of fixed-size. The framerate is controlled by
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249 an optional block before each frame that specifies the next frame's delay
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250 in centiseconds.</P>
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251
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252 <P>Standard GIF files contain 24-bit RGB frames with at most an 8-bit
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253 indexed pallete. These frames are usually LZW-compressed, although
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254 some GIF encoders produce uncompressed frames to avoid patent issues
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255 with LZW compression.</P>
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256
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257 <P>If your distribution does not come with libungif, download a copy from the
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258 <A HREF="http://prtr-13.ucsc.edu/~badger/software/libungif/index.shtml">libungif homepage</A>.
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259 For detailed technical information, have a look at the
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260 <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif89a.txt">GIF89a specification</A>.</P>
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261
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262
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263 <H3><A NAME="audio_formats">2.1.2 Audio formats</A></H3>
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264
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265 <P>MPlayer is a <B>Movie</B> and not a <B>Media</B> player, although
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266 it can play some audio file formats (they are listed in the sections below).
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267 This is not a recommended usage of MPlayer, you better use
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268 <A HREF="http://www.xmms.org">xmms</A>.</P>
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269
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270
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271 <H4><A NAME="mp3">2.1.2.1 MP3 files</A></H4>
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272
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273 <P>You may have problems playing certain MP3 files that MPlayer will
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274 misdetect as MPEGs and play incorrectly or not at all. This cannot be fixed
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275 without dropping support for certain broken MPEG files and thus will remain
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276 like this for the foreseeable future. The <CODE>-demuxer</CODE> flag
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277 described in the man page may help you in these cases.</P>
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278
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279
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280 <H4><A NAME="wav">2.1.2.2 WAV files</A></H4>
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281
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282
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283 <H4><A NAME="ogg_vorbis">2.1.2.3 OGG/OGM files (Vorbis)</A></H4>
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284
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285 <P>Requires properly installed <CODE>libogg</CODE> and
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286 <CODE>libvorbis</CODE>.</P>
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287
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288
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289 <H4><A NAME="wma">2.1.2.4 WMA/ASF files</A></H4>
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290
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291
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292 <H4><A NAME="mp4">2.1.2.5 MP4 files</A></H4>
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293
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294
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295 <H4><A NAME="cdda">2.1.2.6 CD audio</A></H4>
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296
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297 <P>MPlayer can use <B>cdparanoia</B> (lib) to play CDDA (Audio CD).
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298 The scope of this section does not contain enumerating cdparanoia's
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299 features.</P>
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300
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301 <P>See the man page's <CODE>-cdda</CODE> option which can be used to
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302 pass options to cdparanoia.</P>
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303
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304
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305 <H4><A NAME="xmms">2.1.2.7 XMMS</A></H4>
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306
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307 <P>MPlayer can use XMMS input plugins to play many file formats. There are
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308 plugins for SNES game tunes, SID tunes (from Commodore 64), many Amiga
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309 formats, .xm, .it, VQF, musepack, Bonk, shorten and many others. You can find
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diego
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310 them at the
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311 <A HREF="http://www.xmms.org/plugins_input.html">XMMS input plugin page</A>.</P>
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312
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313 <P>For this feature you need to have XMMS and compile MPlayer with
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314 <CODE>./configure --enable-xmms</CODE>. If that does not work, you might need
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315 to set the XMMS plugin and library path explicitly by way of the
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316 <CODE>--with-xmmsplugindir</CODE> and <CODE>--withxmmslibdir</CODE>
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317 options.</P>
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318
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62bcea66003e oh my god what have i done...
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319 </BODY>
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320 </HTML>