Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/en/usage.xml @ 16391:7a5d36c0633b
MPlayer advanced audio usage guide by Corey Hickey < bugfood-ml AH fatooh POUM org>
(please make sure the doc builds fine)
Original thread:
Date: Sep 4, 2005 1:26 AM
Subject: [MPlayer-DOCS] [PATCH] mplayer advanced audio usage guide
author | gpoirier |
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date | Sun, 04 Sep 2005 22:29:36 +0000 |
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9675 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
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2 <!-- $Revision$ --> |
9675 | 3 <chapter id="usage"> |
4 <title>Usage</title> | |
5 | |
6 <sect1 id="commandline"> | |
7 <title>Command line</title> | |
8 | |
9 <para> | |
10 <application>MPlayer</application> utilizes a complex playtree. It consists | |
11 of global options written as first, for example | |
12 | |
13 <screen>mplayer -vfm 5</screen> | |
14 | |
15 and options written after filenames, that apply only to the given | |
16 filename/URL/whatever, for example: | |
17 | |
11737 | 18 <screen>mplayer -vfm 5 <replaceable>movie1.avi</replaceable> <replaceable>movie2.avi</replaceable> -vfm 4</screen> |
9675 | 19 </para> |
20 | |
21 <para> | |
22 You can group filenames/URLs together using <literal>{</literal> and | |
23 <literal>}</literal>. It's useful with option <option>-loop</option>: | |
24 | |
10643 | 25 <screen>mplayer { 1.avi -loop 2 2.avi } -loop 3</screen> |
9675 | 26 |
27 The above command will play files in this order: 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2. | |
28 </para> | |
29 | |
30 <para> | |
31 Playing a file: | |
32 <synopsis> | |
33 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
34 --> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
35 --> [<replaceable>path</replaceable>/]<replaceable>filename</replaceable> | |
36 </synopsis> | |
37 </para> | |
38 | |
39 <para> | |
15463 | 40 Another way to play a file: |
41 <synopsis> | |
42 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
43 --> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
44 --> <replaceable>file:///uri-escaped-path</replaceable> | |
45 </synopsis> | |
46 </para> | |
47 | |
48 <para> | |
9675 | 49 Playing more files: |
50 <synopsis> | |
51 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
52 --> [<replaceable>default options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
53 --> [<replaceable>path</replaceable>/]<replaceable>filename1</replaceable><!-- | |
54 --> [<replaceable>options for filename1</replaceable>]<!-- | |
55 --> <replaceable>filename2</replaceable><!-- | |
56 --> [<replaceable>options for filename2</replaceable>] ... | |
57 </synopsis> | |
58 </para> | |
59 | |
60 <para> | |
61 Playing VCD: | |
62 <synopsis> | |
63 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
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64 --> vcd://<replaceable>trackno</replaceable><!-- |
9675 | 65 --> [-cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/cdrom</replaceable>] |
66 </synopsis> | |
67 </para> | |
68 | |
69 <para> | |
70 Playing DVD: | |
71 <synopsis> | |
72 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
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73 --> dvd://<replaceable>titleno</replaceable><!-- |
9675 | 74 --> [-dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/dvd</replaceable>] |
75 </synopsis> | |
76 </para> | |
77 | |
78 <para> | |
79 Playing from the WWW: | |
80 <synopsis> | |
81 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
82 --> http://<replaceable>site.com/file.asf</replaceable> | |
83 </synopsis> | |
84 (playlists can be used, too) | |
85 </para> | |
86 | |
87 <para> | |
88 Playing from RTSP: | |
89 <synopsis> | |
90 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
91 --> rtsp://<replaceable>server.example.com/streamName</replaceable> | |
92 </synopsis> | |
93 </para> | |
94 | |
95 <para> | |
96 Examples: | |
97 <screen> | |
11713 | 98 mplayer -vo x11 <replaceable>/mnt/Films/Contact/contact2.mpg</replaceable> |
12833 | 99 mplayer vcd://<replaceable>2</replaceable> -cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> |
11713 | 100 mplayer -afm 3 <replaceable>/mnt/DVDtrailers/alien4.vob</replaceable> |
101 mplayer dvd://<replaceable>1</replaceable> -dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> | |
102 mplayer -abs 65536 -delay -0.4 -nobps <replaceable>~/movies/test.avi</replaceable><!-- | |
9675 | 103 --></screen> |
104 </para> | |
105 </sect1> | |
106 | |
107 | |
108 <sect1 id="control"> | |
109 <title>Control</title> | |
110 | |
111 <para> | |
112 <application>MPlayer</application> has a fully configurable, command | |
113 driven, control layer which lets you control | |
114 <application>MPlayer</application> with keyboard, mouse, joystick or remote | |
115 control (using LIRC). See the man page for the complete list of keyboard controls. | |
116 </para> | |
117 | |
118 | |
119 <sect2 id="ctrl-cfg"> | |
120 <title>Controls configuration</title> | |
121 | |
122 <para> | |
123 <application>MPlayer</application> allows you bind any key/button to any | |
11540 | 124 <application>MPlayer</application> command using a simple config file. |
125 The syntax consist of a key name followed by a command. The default config file location is | |
9675 | 126 <filename>$HOME/.mplayer/input.conf</filename> but it can be overridden |
127 using the <option>-input <replaceable>conf</replaceable></option> option | |
128 (relative path are relative to <filename>$HOME/.mplayer</filename>). | |
129 </para> | |
130 | |
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131 <para> |
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132 You can get a full list of supported key names by running |
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133 <command>mplayer -input keylist</command> |
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134 and a full list of available commands by running |
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135 <command>mplayer -input cmdlist</command>. |
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136 </para> |
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137 |
9675 | 138 <example> |
139 <title>A simple input control file</title> | |
140 <programlisting> | |
141 ## | |
142 ## MPlayer input control file | |
143 ## | |
144 | |
145 RIGHT seek +10 | |
146 LEFT seek -10 | |
147 - audio_delay 0.100 | |
148 + audio_delay -0.100 | |
149 q quit | |
150 > pt_step 1 | |
151 < pt_step -1 | |
152 ENTER pt_step 1 1<!-- | |
153 --></programlisting> | |
154 </example> | |
155 </sect2> | |
156 | |
157 | |
158 <sect2 id="lirc"> | |
159 <title>Control from LIRC</title> | |
160 | |
161 <para> | |
162 Linux Infrared Remote Control - use an easy to build home-brewn IR-receiver, | |
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163 an (almost) arbitrary remote control and control your Linux box with it! |
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164 More about it on the <ulink url="http://www.lirc.org">LIRC homepage</ulink>. |
9675 | 165 </para> |
166 | |
167 <para> | |
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168 If you have the LIRC package installed, <filename>configure</filename> will |
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169 autodetect it. If everything went fine, <application>MPlayer</application> |
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170 will print "<systemitem>Setting up LIRC support...</systemitem>" |
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171 on startup. If an error occurs it will tell you. If there is no message about |
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172 LIRC there is no support compiled in. That's it :-) |
9675 | 173 </para> |
174 | |
175 <para> | |
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176 The application name for <application>MPlayer</application> is - surprise - |
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177 <filename>mplayer</filename>. You can use any <application>MPlayer</application> |
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178 commands and even pass more than one command by separating them with |
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179 <literal>\n</literal>. |
9675 | 180 Don't forget to enable the repeat flag in <filename>.lircrc</filename> when |
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181 it makes sense (seek, volume, etc). Here's an excerpt from a sample |
9675 | 182 <filename>.lircrc</filename>: |
183 </para> | |
184 | |
185 <programlisting> | |
186 begin | |
187 button = VOLUME_PLUS | |
188 prog = mplayer | |
189 config = volume 1 | |
190 repeat = 1 | |
191 end | |
192 | |
193 begin | |
194 button = VOLUME_MINUS | |
195 prog = mplayer | |
196 config = volume -1 | |
197 repeat = 1 | |
198 end | |
199 | |
200 begin | |
201 button = CD_PLAY | |
202 prog = mplayer | |
203 config = pause | |
204 end | |
205 | |
206 begin | |
207 button = CD_STOP | |
208 prog = mplayer | |
209 config = seek 0 1\npause | |
210 end<!-- | |
211 --></programlisting> | |
212 | |
213 <para> | |
214 If you don't like the standard location for the lirc-config file | |
215 (<filename>~/.lircrc</filename>) use the <option>-lircconf | |
216 <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option> switch to specify another | |
217 file. | |
218 </para> | |
219 </sect2> | |
220 | |
221 | |
222 <sect2 id="slave-mode"> | |
223 <title>Slave mode</title> | |
224 <para> | |
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225 The slave mode allows you to build simple frontends to |
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226 <application>MPlayer</application>. When run with the |
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227 <option>-slave</option> option <application>MPlayer</application> will |
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228 read commands separated by a newline (\n) from stdin. |
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229 The commands are documented in the |
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230 <ulink url="../../tech/slave.txt">slave.txt</ulink> file. |
9675 | 231 </para> |
232 </sect2> | |
233 </sect1> | |
234 | |
235 | |
236 <sect1 id="streaming"> | |
237 <title>Streaming from network or pipes</title> | |
238 | |
239 <para> | |
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240 <application>MPlayer</application> can play files from the network, using the |
10755 | 241 HTTP, FTP, MMS or RTSP/RTP protocol. |
9675 | 242 </para> |
243 | |
244 <para> | |
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245 Playing works simply by passing the URL on the command line. |
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246 <application>MPlayer</application> honors the <envar>http_proxy</envar> |
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247 environment variable, using a proxy if available. Proxies can also be forced: |
11713 | 248 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>http_proxy://proxy.micorsops.com:3128/http://micorsops.com:80/stream.asf</replaceable></screen> |
9675 | 249 </para> |
250 | |
251 <para> | |
252 <application>MPlayer</application> can read from stdin | |
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253 (<emphasis>not</emphasis> named pipes). This can for example be used to |
9675 | 254 play from FTP: |
11713 | 255 <screen>wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer -</screen> |
9675 | 256 </para> |
257 | |
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258 <note><para> |
13903 | 259 It's also recommended to enable <option>-cache</option> when playing |
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260 from the network: |
11713 | 261 <screen>wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer -cache 8192 -</screen> |
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262 </para></note> |
15499 | 263 |
264 <sect2 id="streaming-save"> | |
265 <title>Saving streamed content</title> | |
266 <para> | |
267 Once you succeed in making <application>MPlayer</application> play | |
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268 your favorite internet stream, you can use the option |
15499 | 269 <option>-dumpstream</option> to save the stream into a file. |
270 For example: | |
271 <screen> | |
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272 mplayer <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> -dumpstream -dumpfile <replaceable>stream.asf</replaceable> |
15499 | 273 </screen> |
274 will save the content streamed from | |
275 <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> into | |
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276 <replaceable>stream.asf</replaceable>. |
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277 This works with all protocols supported by |
15499 | 278 <application>MPlayer</application>, like MMS, RSTP, and so forth. |
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279 If you only wish to save audio or video, use <option>-dumpaudio</option> |
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280 or <option>-dumpvideo</option> respectively, but be aware that |
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281 <application>MPlayer</application> will ignore all but the last |
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282 <option>-dump*</option> option given on the command line. |
15499 | 283 </para> |
284 </sect2> | |
285 | |
9675 | 286 </sect1> |
9966 | 287 |
288 <sect1 id="mpst" xreflabel="Remote streams"> | |
289 <title>Remote streams</title> | |
290 | |
291 <para> | |
292 Remote streams allow you to access most <application>MPlayer</application> | |
293 stream type from a remote host. The main purpose of this feature is to make | |
294 it possible to directly use the CD or DVD drive of another computer on the | |
295 network (provided you have the required bandwidth). On the downside some | |
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296 stream type (currently TV and MF) are not usable remotely because they are |
9966 | 297 implemented at the demuxer level. It's sad for MF but TV stream would anyway |
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298 require an insane amount of bandwidth. |
9966 | 299 </para> |
300 | |
301 <sect2 id="compile_mpst_server"> | |
302 <title>Compiling the server</title> | |
303 <para> | |
304 After having compiled <application>MPlayer</application> go to the | |
305 <filename>TOOLS/netstream</filename> directory and enter | |
306 <application>make</application> to build the server binary. | |
307 You can then copy the <application>netstream</application> binary | |
9969 | 308 to the right place on your system (usually |
309 <filename class="directory">/usr/local/bin</filename> on Linux). | |
9966 | 310 </para> |
311 </sect2> | |
312 | |
313 <sect2 id="use_mpst"> | |
314 <title>Using remote streams</title> | |
315 <para> | |
316 First you have to start the server on the computer you intend to remotely | |
317 access. Currently the server is very basic and doesn't have any commands | |
318 line arguments so just enter <filename>netstream</filename>. Now you can | |
319 for example play the second track of a VCD on the server with : | |
320 <screen> | |
11713 | 321 mplayer -cache 5000 <replaceable>mpst://servername/vcd://2</replaceable> |
9966 | 322 </screen> |
323 You can also access files on this server : | |
324 <screen> | |
11713 | 325 mplayer -cache 5000 <replaceable>mpst://servername//usr/local/movies/lol.avi</replaceable> |
9966 | 326 </screen> |
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327 Note that paths which aren't starting with a / will be relative to |
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328 the directory where the server is running. The <option>-cache</option> option is not |
9966 | 329 needed but highly recommended. |
330 </para> | |
331 | |
332 <para> | |
333 Be aware that currently the server is not secure at all. So don't complain | |
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334 about the numerous exploits which are possible through this. Instead send |
9966 | 335 some (good) patch to make it better or start writing your own server. |
336 </para> | |
337 | |
338 </sect2> | |
339 | |
340 </sect1> | |
11786 | 341 |
342 <sect1 id="edl" xreflabel="Edit Decision Lists (EDL)"> | |
343 <title>Edit Decision Lists (EDL)</title> | |
344 | |
345 <para> | |
346 The edit decision list (EDL) system allows you to automatically skip | |
347 or mute sections of videos during playback, based on a movie specific | |
348 EDL configuration file. | |
349 </para> | |
350 | |
351 <para> | |
352 This is useful for those who may want to watch a film in "family-friendly" | |
353 mode. You can cut out any violence, profanity, Jar-Jar Binks .. from a movie | |
354 according to your own personal preferences. Aside from this, there are other | |
355 uses, like automatically skipping over commercials in video files you watch. | |
356 </para> | |
357 | |
358 <para> | |
359 The EDL file format is pretty bare-bones. Once the EDL system has reached a | |
360 certain level of maturity, an XML-based file format will probably be implemented | |
361 (keeping backwards compatibility with previous EDL formats). | |
362 </para> | |
363 | |
364 <sect2 id="edl_using"> | |
365 <title>Using an EDL file</title> | |
366 <para> | |
367 Include the <option>-edl <filename></option> flag when you run | |
368 <application>MPlayer</application>, with the name of the EDL file you | |
369 want applied to the video. | |
370 </para> | |
371 </sect2> | |
372 | |
373 <sect2 id="edl_making"> | |
374 <title>Making an EDL file</title> | |
375 <para> | |
376 The current EDL file format is: | |
377 <programlisting> | |
378 [begin second] [end second] [action] | |
379 </programlisting> | |
380 Where the seconds are floating-point numbers and the action is either | |
381 <literal>0</literal> for skip or <literal>1</literal> for mute. Example: | |
382 <programlisting> | |
383 5.3 7.1 0 | |
384 15 16.7 1 | |
385 420 422 0 | |
386 </programlisting> | |
387 This will skip from second 5.3 to second 7.1 of the video, then mute at | |
388 15 seconds, unmute at 16.7 seconds and skip from second 420 to second 422 | |
389 of the video. These actions will be performed when the playback timer | |
390 reaches the times given in the file. | |
391 </para> | |
392 | |
393 <para> | |
394 To create an EDL file to work from, use the <option>-edlout <filename></option> | |
395 flag. During playback, when you want to mark the previous two seconds to skip over, | |
396 hit <keycap>i</keycap>. A corresponding entry will be written to the file for | |
397 that time. You can then go back and fine-tune the generated EDL file. | |
398 </para> | |
399 </sect2> | |
400 | |
401 </sect1> | |
402 | |
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404 <sect1 id="advaudio" xreflabel="Advanced Audio"> |
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405 <title>Advanced Audio</title> |
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406 |
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407 <sect2 id="advaudio-surround"> |
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408 <title>Surround/Multichannel Playback</title> |
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409 |
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410 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-DVD"> |
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411 <title>DVDs</title> |
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412 <para> |
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413 Most DVDs and many other files include surround sound. |
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414 <application>MPlayer</application> supports surround playback but does not |
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415 enable it by default because stereo equipment is by far more common. To play a |
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416 file that has more than two channels of audio use <option>-channels</option>. |
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417 For example, to play a DVD with 5.1 audio: |
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418 |
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419 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6</screen> |
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420 |
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421 Note that despite the name "5.1" there are actually six discrete channels. |
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422 If you have surround sound equipment it is safe to put the |
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423 <option>channels</option> option in your <application>MPlayer</application> |
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424 configuration file <filename>~/.mplayer/config</filename>. For example, to make |
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425 quadraphonic playback the default, add this line: |
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426 |
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427 <programlisting>channels=4</programlisting> |
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428 |
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429 <application>MPlayer</application> will then output audio in four channels when |
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430 all four channels are available. |
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431 </para> |
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432 </sect3> |
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433 |
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434 |
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435 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-stereoinfour"> |
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436 <title>Playing Stereo Files to Four Speakers</title> |
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437 |
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438 <para> |
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439 <application>MPlayer</application> does not duplicate any channels by default, |
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440 and neither do most audio drivers. If you want to do that manually: |
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441 |
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442 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0</screen> |
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443 |
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444 See the section on |
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445 <link linkend="advaudio-channels-copying">channel copying</link> for an |
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446 explanation. |
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447 </para> |
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448 |
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449 </sect3> |
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450 |
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451 |
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452 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-passthrough"> |
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453 <title>AC3/DTS Passthrough</title> |
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454 |
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455 <para> |
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456 DVDs usually have surround audio encoded in AC3 (Dolby Digital) or DTS |
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457 (Digital Theater System) format. Some modern audio equipment is capable of |
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458 decoding these formats internally. <application>MPlayer</application> can be |
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459 configured to relay the audio data without decoding it. This will only work if |
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460 you have a S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface) jack in your sound card. |
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461 </para> |
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462 |
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463 <para> |
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464 If your audio equipment can decode both AC3 and DTS, you can safely enable |
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465 passthrough for both formats. Otherwise, enable passthrough for only the format |
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466 your equipment supports. |
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467 </para> |
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468 |
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469 <itemizedlist> |
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470 <title>To enable passthrough on the command line:</title> |
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471 <listitem><para> |
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472 For AC3 only, use <option>-ac hwac3</option> |
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473 </para></listitem> |
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474 <listitem><para> |
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475 For DTS only, use <option>-ac hwdts</option> |
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476 </para></listitem> |
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477 <listitem><para> |
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478 For both AC3 and DTS, use <option>-afm hwac3</option> |
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479 </para></listitem> |
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480 </itemizedlist> |
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481 |
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482 <itemizedlist> |
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483 <title>To enable passthrough in the <application>MPlayer</application> |
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484 configuration file: </title> |
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485 <listitem><para> |
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486 For AC3 only, use <option>ac=hwac3,</option> |
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487 </para></listitem> |
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488 <listitem><para> |
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489 For DTS only, use <option>ac=hwdts,</option> |
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490 </para></listitem> |
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491 <listitem><para> |
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492 For both AC3 and DTS, use <option>-afm hwac3</option> |
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493 </para></listitem> |
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494 </itemizedlist> |
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495 |
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496 <para> |
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497 Note that there is a comma ("<keycap>,</keycap>") at the end of |
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498 <option>ac=hwac3,</option> and <option>ac=hwdts,</option>. This will make |
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499 <application>MPlayer</application> fall back to the codecs it normally uses when |
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500 playing a file that doesn't have AC3 or DTS audio. <option>afm=hwac3</option> |
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501 does not need a comma; <application>MPlayer</application> will fall back anyway |
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502 when an audio family is specified. |
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503 </para> |
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504 |
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505 </sect3> |
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506 |
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507 |
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508 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-matrix"> |
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509 <title>Matrix-encoded Audio</title> |
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510 |
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511 <para> |
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512 ***TODO*** |
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513 This section has not be written yet as we would need some matrix-encoded |
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514 samples to test with. |
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515 I someone has such files, or would know how to handle them in detail, |
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516 please contact us though the mailling list adding [matrix-encoded samples] |
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517 to the subject of your mail. |
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518 If no such file can be found, this section will just be dropped. |
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519 </para> |
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520 |
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521 <para> |
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522 Good links: |
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523 <itemizedlist> |
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524 <listitem><para> |
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525 <ulink url="http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm">http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm</ulink> |
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526 </para></listitem> |
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527 <listitem><para> |
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528 <ulink url="http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp">http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp</ulink> |
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529 </para></listitem> |
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530 </itemizedlist> |
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531 </para> |
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532 |
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533 </sect3> |
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534 |
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535 |
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536 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-hrtf"> |
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537 <title>Surround Emulation in Headphones</title> |
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538 |
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539 <para> |
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540 <application>MPlayer</application> includes an HRTF (Head Related Transfer |
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541 Function) filter based on an MIT project wherein measurements were taken from |
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542 microphones mounted on a dummy human head. See the |
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543 <ulink url="http://sound.media.mit.edu/KEMAR.html">project page</ulink> for more |
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544 information. |
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545 </para> |
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546 |
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547 <para> |
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548 Although it is not possible to exactly imitate a surround system, |
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549 <application>MPlayer</application>'s HRTF filter does provide more spatially |
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550 immersive audio in 2-channel headphones. Regular downmixing simply combines all |
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551 the channels into two; besides combining the channels, <option>hrtf</option> |
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552 generates subtle echoes, increases the stereo separation slightly, and alters |
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553 the volume of some frequencies. Whether HRTF sounds better may be dependant on |
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554 the source audio and a matter of personal taste, but it is definitely worth |
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555 trying out. |
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556 </para> |
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557 |
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558 <para> |
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559 To play a DVD with HRTF: |
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560 |
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561 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6 -af hrtf</screen> |
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562 |
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563 </para> |
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564 |
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565 <para> |
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566 <option>hrtf</option> only works well with 5 or 6 channels. Also, |
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567 <option>hrtf</option> requires 48 kHz audio. DVD audio is already 48 kHz, but if |
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568 you have a file with a different sampling rate that you want to play using |
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569 <option>hrtf</option> you must resample it: |
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570 |
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571 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -channels 6 -af resample=48000,hrtf</screen> |
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572 |
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573 </para> |
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574 |
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575 </sect3> |
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576 |
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577 |
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578 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-troubleshooting"> |
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579 <title>Troubleshooting</title> |
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580 |
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581 <para> |
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582 If you don't hear any sound out of your surround channels, check your mixer |
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583 settings with a mixer program such as <application>alsamixer</application>; |
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584 audio outputs are often muted and set to zero volume by default. |
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585 </para> |
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586 |
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587 </sect3> |
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588 |
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589 </sect2> |
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590 |
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591 |
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592 <sect2 id="advaudio-channels"> |
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593 <title>Channel Manipulation</title> |
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594 |
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595 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-general"> |
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596 <title>General Information</title> |
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597 |
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598 <para> |
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599 Unfortunately, there is no standard for how channels are ordered. The orders |
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600 listed below are those of AC3 and are fairly typical; try them and see if your |
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601 source matches. Channels are numbered starting with 0. |
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602 |
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603 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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604 <title>Mono</title> |
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605 <listitem override="0"><simpara>center</simpara></listitem> |
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606 </orderedlist> |
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607 |
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608 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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609 <title>Stereo</title> |
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610 <listitem override="0"><simpara>left</simpara></listitem> |
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611 <listitem><simpara>right</simpara></listitem> |
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612 </orderedlist> |
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613 |
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614 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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615 <title>Quadraphonic</title> |
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616 <listitem override="0"><simpara>left front</simpara></listitem> |
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617 <listitem><simpara>right front</simpara></listitem> |
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618 <listitem><simpara>left rear</simpara></listitem> |
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619 <listitem><simpara>right rear</simpara></listitem> |
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620 </orderedlist> |
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621 |
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622 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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623 <title>Surround 4.0</title> |
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624 <listitem override="0"><simpara>left front</simpara></listitem> |
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625 <listitem><simpara>right front</simpara></listitem> |
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626 <listitem><simpara>center rear</simpara></listitem> |
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627 <listitem><simpara>center front</simpara></listitem> |
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628 </orderedlist> |
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629 |
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630 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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631 <title>Surround 5.0</title> |
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632 <listitem override="0"><simpara>left front</simpara></listitem> |
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633 <listitem><simpara>right front</simpara></listitem> |
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634 <listitem><simpara>left rear</simpara></listitem> |
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635 <listitem><simpara>right rear</simpara></listitem> |
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636 <listitem><simpara>center front</simpara></listitem> |
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637 </orderedlist> |
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638 |
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639 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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640 <title>Surround 5.1</title> |
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641 <listitem override="0"><simpara>left front</simpara></listitem> |
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642 <listitem><simpara>right front</simpara></listitem> |
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643 <listitem><simpara>left rear</simpara></listitem> |
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644 <listitem><simpara>right rear</simpara></listitem> |
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645 <listitem><simpara>center front</simpara></listitem> |
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646 <listitem><simpara>subwoofer</simpara></listitem> |
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647 </orderedlist> |
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648 |
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649 </para> |
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650 |
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651 <para> |
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652 The <option>-channels</option> option is used to request the number of |
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653 channels from the audio decoder. Some audio codecs use the number of specified |
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654 channels to decide if downmixing the source is necessary. Note that this does |
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655 not always affect the number of output channels. For example, using |
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656 <option>-channels 4</option> to play a stereo MP3 file will still result in |
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657 2-channel output since the MP3 codec will not produce the extra channels. |
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658 </para> |
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659 |
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660 <para> |
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661 The <option>channels</option> audio filter can be used to create or remove |
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662 channels and is useful for controlling the number of channels sent to the sound |
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663 card. See the following sections for more information on channel manipulation. |
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664 </para> |
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665 |
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666 </sect3> |
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667 |
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668 |
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669 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-mono"> |
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670 <title>Playing Mono in Two Speakers</title> |
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671 |
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672 <para> |
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673 Mono sounds a lot better when played through two speakers -- especially when |
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674 using headphones. Audio files that truly have 1 channel are automatically played |
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675 in two speakers; unfortunately, most files with mono sound are actually encoded |
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676 as stereo with one channel silent. The easiest and most foolproof way to make |
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677 both speakers output the same audio is with the <option>extrastereo</option> |
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678 filter: |
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679 |
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680 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0</screen> |
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681 |
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682 </para> |
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683 |
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684 <para> |
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685 This averages both channels, resulting in both channels being half as loud as |
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686 the original. The next sections have examples of other ways to do this without a |
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687 volume decrease, but they are more complex and require different options |
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688 depending on which channel to keep. If you really need to maintain the volume, |
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689 it may be easier to experiment with the <option>volume</option> filter and find |
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690 the right value. For example: |
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691 |
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692 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0,volume=5</screen> |
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693 |
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694 </para> |
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695 |
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696 </sect3> |
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697 |
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698 |
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699 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-copying"> |
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700 <title>Channel Copying/Moving</title> |
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701 |
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702 <para> |
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703 The <option>channels</option> filter can move any or all channels. Setting up all |
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704 the suboptions to channels can be complicated and takes a little care. |
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705 |
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706 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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707 <listitem><para> |
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708 Decide how many output channels you need. This is the first suboption. |
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709 </para></listitem> |
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710 <listitem><para> |
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711 Count how many channel moves you will do. This is the second suboption. Each |
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712 channel can be moved to several different channels at the same time, but keep in |
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713 mind that when a channel is moved (even if to only one destination) the source |
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714 channel will be empty unless another channel is moved into it. To copy a |
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715 channel, keeping the source the same, simply move the channel into both the |
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716 destination and the source. For example: |
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717 <programlisting> |
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718 channel 2 --> channel 3 |
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719 channel 2 --> channel 2 |
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720 </programlisting> |
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721 </para></listitem> |
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722 <listitem><para> |
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723 Write out the channel copies as pairs of suboptions. Note that the first channel |
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724 is 0, the second is 1, etc. The order of these suboptions does not matter as |
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725 long as they are properly grouped into |
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726 <replaceable>source:destination</replaceable> pairs. |
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727 </para></listitem> |
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728 </orderedlist> |
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729 |
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730 </para> |
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731 |
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732 |
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733 <bridgehead>Example: one channel in two speakers</bridgehead> |
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734 |
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735 <para> |
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736 Here's an example of another way to play one channel in both speakers. Suppose |
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737 for this example that the left channel should be played and the right channel |
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738 discarded. Following the steps above: |
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739 <orderedlist> |
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740 <listitem><para> |
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741 In order to provide an output channel for each of the two speakers, the first |
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742 suboption must be "2". |
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743 </para></listitem> |
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744 <listitem><para> |
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745 The left channel needs to be moved to the right channel, and also must be moved |
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746 to itself so it won't be empty. This is a total of two moves, making the second |
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747 suboption "2" as well. |
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748 </para></listitem> |
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749 <listitem><para> |
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750 To move the left channel (channel 0) into the right channel (channel 1), the |
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751 suboption pair is "0:1". To move the left channel into itself is "0:0". |
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752 </para></listitem> |
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753 </orderedlist> |
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754 Putting that all together gives: |
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755 |
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756 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0</screen> |
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757 </para> |
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758 |
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759 <para> |
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760 The advantage this example has over <option>extrastereo</option> is that the |
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761 volume of each output channel is the same as the input channel. The disadvantage |
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762 is that the suboptions must be changed to "2:2:1:0:1:1" when the desired audio |
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763 is in the right channel. Also, it's more difficult to remember and type. |
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764 </para> |
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765 |
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766 <bridgehead>Example: left channel in two speakers shortcut</bridgehead> |
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767 |
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768 <para> |
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769 There is actually a much easier way to use the <option>channels</option> filter |
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770 for playing the left channel in both speakers: |
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771 |
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772 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=1</screen> |
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773 |
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774 The second channel is discarded and, with no further suboptions, the single |
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775 remaining channel is left alone. Sound card drivers automatically play |
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776 single-channel audio in both speakers. This only works when the desired channel |
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777 is on the left. |
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778 </para> |
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779 |
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780 <bridgehead>Example: duplicate front channels to the rear</bridgehead> |
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781 <para> |
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782 Another common operation is to duplicate the front channels and play them back |
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783 on the rear speakers of a quadraphonic setup. |
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784 <orderedlist> |
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785 <listitem><para> |
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786 There should be four output channels. The first suboption is "4". |
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787 </para></listitem> |
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788 <listitem><para> |
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789 Each of the two front channels needs to be moved to the corresponding rear |
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790 channel and also to itself. This is four moves, so the second suboption is "4". |
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791 </para></listitem> |
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792 <listitem><para> |
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793 The left front (channel 0) needs to moved to the left rear (channel 2): "0:2". |
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794 The left front also needs to be moved to itself: "0:0". The right front (channel |
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795 1) is moved to the right rear (channel 3): "1:3", and also to itself: "1:1". |
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796 </para></listitem> |
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797 </orderedlist> |
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798 Combine all the suboptions to get: |
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799 |
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800 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=4:4:0:2:0:0:1:3:1:1</screen> |
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801 |
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802 </para> |
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803 |
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804 </sect3> |
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805 |
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806 |
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807 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-mixing"> |
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808 <title>Channel Mixing</title> |
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809 |
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810 <para> |
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811 The <option>pan</option> filter can mix channels in user-specified proportions. |
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812 This allows for everything the <option>channels</option> filter can do and |
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813 more. Unfortunately, the suboptions are much more complicated. |
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814 <orderedlist> |
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815 <listitem><para> |
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816 Decide how many channels to work with. You may need to specify this with |
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817 <option>-channels</option> and/or <option>-af channels</option>. Later examples |
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818 will show when to use which. |
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819 </para></listitem> |
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820 <listitem><para> |
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821 Decide how many channels to feed into <option>pan</option> (further decoded |
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822 channels are discarded). This is the first suboption, and it also controls how |
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823 many channels are output. |
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824 </para></listitem> |
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825 <listitem><para> |
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826 The remaining suboptions specify how much of each channel gets mixed into each |
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827 other channel. This is the complicated part. To break the task down, split the |
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828 suboptions into several sets, one set for each output channel. Each suboption |
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829 within a set corresponds to an input channel. The number you specify will be the |
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830 percentage of the input channel that gets mixed into the output channel. |
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831 </para> |
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832 <para> |
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833 <option>pan</option> accepts values from 0 to 512, yielding 0% to 51200% of the |
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834 original volume. Be careful when using values greater than 1. Not only can this |
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835 give you very high volume, but if you exceed the sample range of your sound card |
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836 you may hear painful pops and clicks. If you want you can follow |
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837 <option>pan</option> with <option>,volume</option> to enable clipping, but it's |
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838 best to keep the values of <option>pan</option> low enough that clipping is not |
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839 necessary. |
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840 </para></listitem> |
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841 </orderedlist> |
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842 </para> |
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843 |
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844 <bridgehead>Example: one channel in two speakers</bridgehead> |
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845 |
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846 <para> |
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847 Here is yet another example for playing the left channel in two speakers. Follow |
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848 the steps above: |
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849 <orderedlist> |
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850 <listitem><para> |
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851 The number of output channels is 2. Since this is the same as the number of |
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852 channels in the input file, neither <option>-channels</option> nor |
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853 <option>-af channels</option> needs to be specified. |
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854 </para></listitem> |
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855 <listitem><para> |
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856 <option>pan</option> should receive and output two channels, so the first |
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857 suboption is "2". |
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858 </para></listitem> |
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859 <listitem><para> |
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860 Since we have two output channels, there will be two sets of suboptions. Since |
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861 there are also two input channels, there will be two suboptions per set. The |
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862 left channel should consist of 100% of itself and 0% of the right channel. So, |
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863 the first set of suboptions is "1:0". The right channel should be 100% of the |
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864 left channel and 0% of itself. This is "1:0" as well. |
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865 </para></listitem> |
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866 </orderedlist> |
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867 Putting those options together gives: |
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868 |
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869 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:0:1:0</screen> |
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870 |
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871 If the right channel is desired instead of the left, the suboptions to |
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872 <option>pan</option> will be "2:0:1:0:1". |
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873 </para> |
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874 |
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875 |
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876 <bridgehead>Example: left channel in two speakers shortcut</bridgehead> |
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877 |
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878 <para> |
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879 As with <option>channels</option>, there is a shortcut that only works with the |
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880 left channel: |
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881 |
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882 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af pan=1:1</screen> |
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883 |
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884 Since <option>pan</option> has only one channel of input (the other channel is |
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885 discarded), there is only one set with one suboption, which specifies that the |
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886 only channel gets 100% of itself. |
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887 </para> |
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888 |
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889 <bridgehead>Example: downmixing 6-channel PCM</bridgehead> |
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890 <para> |
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891 <application>MPlayer</application>'s decoder for 6-channel PCM is not capable of |
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892 downmixing. Here's a way to downmix PCM using <option>pan</option>: |
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893 <orderedlist> |
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894 <listitem><para> |
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895 The number of output channels is 2. Since <option>pan</option> will be handling |
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896 6 channels, it may be necessary to put <option>,channels=2</option> after pan to |
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897 get rid of the extra channels. If your sound card is capable of 6-channel |
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898 playback you can skip this, as the discarded channels will be empty by then anyway. |
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899 </para></listitem> |
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900 <listitem><para> |
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901 <option>Pan</option> must receive all six channels to downmix, so the first |
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902 suboption is "6". |
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903 </para></listitem> |
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904 <listitem><para> |
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905 With six input channels there will be six suboptions per set. Fortunately, |
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906 since we only care about the output of the first two channels, we only need to |
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907 make two sets; the remaining four sets can be omitted. Beware that not all |
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908 multichannel audio files have the same channel order! This example |
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909 demonstrates downmixing a file with the same channels as AC3 5.1: |
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910 <programlisting> |
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911 0 - front left |
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912 1 - front right |
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913 2 - rear left |
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914 3 - rear right |
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915 4 - center front |
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916 5 - subwoofer |
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917 </programlisting> |
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918 The first set of suboptions lists the percentages of the original volume, in |
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919 order, at which each channel listed above should be mixed into the front left |
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920 channel: "1:0:1:0:0.5:1". For the front right channel, this is "0:1:0:1:0.5:1". |
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921 </para></listitem> |
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922 </orderedlist> |
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923 Put all that together, for: |
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924 |
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925 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>6-channel.wav</replaceable> -af pan=6:1:0:1:0:0.5:1:0:1:0:1:0.5:1,channels=2</screen> |
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926 |
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927 The percentages listed above are only a rough example. Feel free to tweak them. |
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928 </para> |
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929 |
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930 <bridgehead>Example: Playing 5.1 audio on big speakers without a subwoofer</bridgehead> |
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931 |
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932 <para> |
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933 If you have a huge pair of front speakers you may not want to waste any money on |
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934 buying a subwoofer for a complete 5.1 sound system. If you use |
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935 <option>-channels 5</option> to request that liba52 decode 5.1 audio in 5.0, |
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936 the subwoofer channel is simply discarded. If you want to distribute the |
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937 subwoofer channel yourself you need to downmix manually with |
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938 <option>pan</option>: |
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939 |
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940 <orderedlist> |
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941 <listitem><para> |
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942 Since <option>pan</option> needs to examine all six channels, specify |
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943 <option>-channels 6</option> so liba52 decodes them all. |
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944 </para></listitem> |
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945 <listitem><para> |
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946 <option>pan</option> needs all the channels, so the first suboption is 6 as |
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947 well. |
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948 </para></listitem> |
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949 <listitem><para> |
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950 Since the subwoofer channel is the last of six, we can specify five sets of |
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951 suboptions and omit the set belonging to the subwoofer channel. Each of those |
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952 five sets needs six suboptions so the list will get pretty long. |
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953 <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
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954 <listitem><simpara> |
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955 The left front channel should have itself and half the subwoofer channel: |
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956 "1:0:0:0:0:0.5" |
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957 </simpara></listitem> |
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958 <listitem><simpara> |
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959 The right front channel should have itself and half the subwoofer channel: |
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960 "0:1:0:0:0:0.5" |
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961 </simpara></listitem> |
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962 <listitem><simpara> |
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963 The left rear channel stays the same: |
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964 "0:0:1:0:0:0" |
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965 </simpara></listitem> |
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966 <listitem><simpara> |
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967 The right rear channel stays the same: |
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968 "0:0:0:1:0:0" |
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969 </simpara></listitem> |
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970 <listitem><simpara> |
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971 The center front channel stays the same: |
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972 "0:0:0:0:1:0" |
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973 </simpara></listitem> |
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974 <listitem><simpara> |
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975 The subwoofer channel is left out and it will be silent. |
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976 </simpara></listitem> |
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977 </itemizedlist> |
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978 </para></listitem> |
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979 </orderedlist> |
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980 Combine all those options to get: |
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981 |
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982 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>dvd://1</replaceable> -channels 6 -af pan=6:1:0:0:0:0:0.5:0:1:0:0:0:0.5:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:0</screen> |
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983 |
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984 </para> |
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985 |
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986 </sect3> |
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987 |
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988 </sect2> |
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989 |
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990 |
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991 <sect2 id="advaudio-volume"> |
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992 <title>Software Volume Adjustment</title> |
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993 |
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994 <para> |
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995 Some audio tracks are too quiet to be heard comfortably without amplification. |
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996 This becomes a problem when your audio equipment cannot amplify the signal for |
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997 you. The <option>-softvol</option> option directs |
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998 <application>MPlayer</application> to use an internal mixer. You can then use |
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999 the volume adjustment keys (by default <keycap>9</keycap> and |
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1000 <keycap>0</keycap>) to reach much higher volume levels. Note that this does not |
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1001 bypass your sound card's mixer; <application>MPlayer</application> only |
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1002 amplifies the signal before sending it to your sound card. |
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1003 |
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1004 The following example is a good start: |
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1005 |
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1006 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>quiet-file</replaceable> -softvol -softvol-max 300</screen> |
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1007 |
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1008 The <option>-softvol-max</option> option specifies the maximum percentage of the |
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1009 original volume. For example, <option>-softvol-max 200</option> would allow the |
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1010 file to be played up to twice as loud. It is safe to specify a large value with |
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1011 <option>-softvol-max</option>; the higher volume will not be used until you |
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1012 use the volume adjustment keys. The only disadvantage of a large value is that, |
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1013 since <application>MPlayer</application> adjusts volume by percentage of the |
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1014 maximum, you will not have as precise control when using the volume adjustment |
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1015 keys. |
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1016 </para> |
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1017 |
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1018 <para> |
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1019 The <option>-softvol</option> option works by controlling the |
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1020 <option>volume</option> audio filter. If you want to play a file at a certain |
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1021 volume from the beginning you can specify <option>volume</option> manually: |
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1022 |
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1023 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>quiet-file</replaceable> -af volume=10</screen> |
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1024 |
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1025 This will play the file with a ten decibel gain. Be careful when using the |
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1026 <option>volume</option> filter - you could easily hurt your ears if you use |
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1027 too high a value. Start low and work your way up gradually until you get a feel |
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1028 for how much adjustment is required. Also, if you specify excessively high |
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1029 values <option>volume</option> may need to clip the signal to avoid sending your |
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1030 sound card data that is outside the allowable range. You will hear distortion |
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1031 when this happens. |
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1032 </para> |
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1033 |
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1034 </sect2> |
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1035 |
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1036 </sect1> |
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1037 |
9675 | 1038 </chapter> |