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annotate DOCS/French/encoding.html @ 8457:829641e90aba

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author nicolas
date Sun, 15 Dec 2002 17:00:56 +0000
parents b230b50b5014
children 3158c0e8e7e1
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3
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4 <HEAD>
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5 <TITLE>Encodage - MEncoder - L'encodeur vidéo pour Linux</TITLE>
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css">
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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8 </HEAD>
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9
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10 <BODY>
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11
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12
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13 <H2><A NAME="encoding">2.4 Encodage avec MEncoder</A></H2>
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14
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15 <P>Pour avoir la liste complète des options disponibles de MEncoder et des exemples,
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16 voir la page de man.</P>
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17
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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18 <H3><A NAME="2pass">2.4.1 Encodage DIVX4 2 ou 3-passes</A></H3>
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19
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20 <P><U><B>Encodage 2-passes:</B></U> le nom vient du fait que cette méthode encode
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21 le fichier <I>deux fois</I>. Le premier encodage (<I>passe</I> doublée)
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22 créé quelques fichiers temporaires (*.log) avec une taille de quelques méga-octets,
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23 ne les détruisez pas tout de suite (vous pouvez effacer l'AVI). Dans la seconde
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24 passe, la fichier de sortie 2-passes est créé, en utilisant les données bitrate des
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25 fichiers temporaires. Le fichier résultant aura une image de bien meilleur qualité.
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26 Si c'est la première fois que vous entendez parler de ça, vous devriez consulter les
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27 guides disponibles sur le Net.</P>
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28
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29 <P>Cet exemple montre comment encoder un DVD en AVI DIVX4 2-passes. Seulement
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30 deux commandes sont requises:<BR>
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31 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - enlevez ce fichier, qui peut
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32 provenir d'un encodage 3-passes précédent (il interfère avec l'actuel)<BR>
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33 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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34 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:plus_d_options -oac copy -o film.avi<BR>
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35 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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36 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:plus_d_options -oac copy -o film.avi</CODE></P>
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37
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38 <P><U><B>Encodage 3-passes:</B></U> c'est une extension de l'encodage 2-passes,
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39 où l'encodage audio prends place dans une passe séparée. Cette méthode permet
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40 l'estimation du bitrate vidéo recommandé de façon à tenir sur un CD. De plus,
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41 l'audio n'est encodé qu'une fois, au contraire du mode 2-passes. Le principe:</P>
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42
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43 <OL>
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44 <LI>Supprimez les fichiers temporaires conflictuels:
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45 <P><CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></P></LI>
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46 <LI>Première passe:
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47 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;fichier/DVD&gt; -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3:more_options -o frameno.avi</CODE></P>
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48 <P>Un fichier avi en lecture seule sera créé, contenant <B>uniquement</B>
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49 le flux audio demandé. N'oubliez pas <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>,
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50 si vous en avez besoin. Si vous encodez un long film, MEncoder
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51 affiche le bitrate recommandé pour les tailles 650Mo, 700Mo, et 800Mo,
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52 après la fin de cette passe.</P></LI>
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53 <LI>Seconde passe:
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54 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;fichier/DVD&gt; -oac copy
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55 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:vbitrate=&lt;bitrate&gt;</CODE></P>
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56 <P>Faites un alias de la première passe de l'encodage DivX4.
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57 Éventuellement spécifiez le bitrate vidéo que MEncoder à affiché à la
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58 fin de la passe précédente.</P></LI>
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59 <LI>Troisième passe:
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60 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;fichier/DVD&gt; -oac copy
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61 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:vbitrate=&lt;bitrate&gt;</CODE></P>
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62 <P>Faites un alias de la seconde passe de l'encodage DivX4.
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63 Éventuellement spécifiez le bitrate vidéo que MEncoder à affiché à la
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64 fin de la passe précédente. Dans cette passe, l'audio de <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE>
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65 sera inséré dans le fichier de destination.. et c'est tout prêt!</P></LI>
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66 </OL>
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67
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68 <H4>Exemple d'encodage 3-passes:</H4>
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69
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70 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - enlevez ce fichier, qui peut
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71 provenir d'un encodage 3-passes précédent (il interfère avec l'actuel)<BR>
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72 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno
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73 -o frameno.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3:plus_d_options<BR>
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74 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc
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75 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:more_options -oac copy -o film.avi<BR>
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76 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc
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77 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:plus_d_options -oac copy -o film.avi</CODE></P>
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78
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79 <H3><A NAME="rescaling">2.4.2 Redimensionnement des films</A></H3>
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80
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81 <P>Souvent le besoin de redimmensionner les images d'un film se fait sentir.
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82 Les raisons peuvent être multiples: diminuer la taille du fichier, la bande-passante
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83 du réseau, etc. La plupart des gens redimmensionnent même en convertissant des
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84 DVDs ou SVCDs en AVI DivX. <B>C'est mauvais.</B> Plutôt que faire ça, lisez la
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85 section <A HREF="#aspect">Préserver l'aspect ratio</A>.</P>
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86
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87 <P>Le processus de zoom est géré par le filtre vidéo <I>'scale'</I>:
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88 <CODE>-vop scale=largeur:hauteur</CODE>. Ca qualité peut être réglée avec l'option
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89 <CODE>-sws</CODE>. Si elle n'est pas spécifiée, MEncoder utilisera 0:
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90 fast bilinear.</P>
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91
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92 <H5>Utilisation:</H5>
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93
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94 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder entree.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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95 vcodec=mpeg4:plus_d_options -vop scale=640:480 -oac copy -o
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96 sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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97
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98
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99 <H3><A NAME="copying">2.4.3 Copie de flux</A></H3>
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100
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101 <P>MEncoder peut gérer les flux entrant de deux façons: les <B>encoder</B>
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102 ou les <B>copier</B>. Cette section parle de la <B>copie</B>.</P>
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103
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104 <UL>
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105 <LI><B>Flux vidéo</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): on peut faire
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106 des choses sympa :)<BR>
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107 Comme, placer (pas convertir) de la vidéo FLI ou VIVO ou MPEG1 dans
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108 un fichier AVI. Bien sûr seul MPlayer peut lire de tels fichiers :) et
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109 ça n'a probablement pas de valeur réelle du tout. Concrètement: copier des
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110 flux vidéo peut être utile par exemple quand seul le flux audio doit être
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111 encodé (comme du PCM non-compressé en MP3).</LI>
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112
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113 <LI><B>Flux audio</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): très simple.
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114 Il est possible de prendre un fichier audio externe (MP3, Vorbis) et de le
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115 muxer dans le flux sortant. Utilisez l'option <CODE>-audiofile &lt;nomfichier&gt;</CODE>
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116 pour cela.</LI>
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117 </UL>
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118
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119
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120 <H3><A NAME="fixing">2.4.4 Réparer les fichiers AVIs ayant un index défectueux</A></H3>
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121
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122 <P>Facile. Nous copions simplement les flux vidéo et audio, et
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123 MEncoder génère l'index. Bien sûr cela ne peut pas réparer les bogues possibles
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124 dans les flux vidéo et/ou audio. Il répare également les fichiers avec un
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125 entrelacement endommagé, ainsi l'option <CODE>-ni</CODE> ne sera plus requise.</P>
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126
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127 <P>Commande: <CODE>mencoder -idx entree.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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128
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129
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130 <H3><A NAME="libavcodec">2.4.5 Encodage avec la famille de codecs libavcodec</A></H3>
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131
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132 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> permet un encodage simple dans plein
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133 formats audio et vidéo intéressants (actuellement ses codecs audio ne sont pas
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134 supportés). Vous pouvez encoder avec les codecs suivants:</P>
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135
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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136 <UL>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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137 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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138 <LI>h263 - H263</LI>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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139 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI>
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140 <LI>mpeg4 - DivX4</LI>
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141 <LI>msmpeg4 - le vieux DivX</LI>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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142 <LI>msmpeg4v2 - Micro$oft MPEG4 V2 (DivX alias le prédecesseur de MP43)</LI>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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143 <LI>rv10 - un vieux codec RealVideo</LI>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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144 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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145 </UL>
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146
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147 <P>La première colonne contient le nom du codec qui devrait être passé après la
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148 config <CODE>vcodec</CODE>, comme: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P>
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149
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150 <P>Un exemple, avec compression MJPEG:<BR>
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151 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -o titre2.avi -ovc lavc
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152 -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -oac copy</CODE></P>
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153
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154
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155 <H3><A NAME="image_files">2.4.6 Encodage à partir de multiples fichiers image (JPEGs, PNGs ou TGAs)</A></H3>
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156
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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157 <P>MEncoder est capable de créer des fichiers à partir de un ou plusieurs fichiers JPEG,
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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158 PNG ou TGA. Avec une simple copie de trame il peut créer des fichiers
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159 MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) ou MTGA (Motion TGA).</P>
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160
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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161 Explication du processus:
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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162
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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163 <OL>
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164 <LI>MEncoder <I>décode</I> le(s) image(s) d'origine avec
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165 <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> (pour encoder des PNGs, il utilisera <B>libpng</B>).</LI>
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166
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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167 <LI>Mencoder envoie alors l'image décodée au compresseur vidéo demandé
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168 (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...). Regardez pour le décodeur PN, car
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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169 actuellement il ne peut sortir qu'au format RGB, ainsi il ne peut être utilisé avec
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170 des codecs qui requièrent de l'YUV en entrée, comme DivX4 ou msmpeg4 de ffmpeg.</LI>
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171 </OL>
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172
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173 <H4>Exemples</H4>
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174
8457
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175 <P>Une explication de l'option <CODE>-mf</CODE> peut être trouvée plus bas dans la section des
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176 <A HREF="#options">options</A> globales et dans la page de man.</P>
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177
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178 <P><I>Créer un fichier DivX4 à partir de tous les fichiers JPEG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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179 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4
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180 -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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181
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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182 <P><I>Créer un fichier DivX4 à partir de quelques fichiers JPEG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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183 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder trame001.jpg,trame002.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25
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184 -ovc divx4 -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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185
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186 <P><I>Créer un fichier Motion JPEG (MJPEG) à partir de tous les fichiers JPEG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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187 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy
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188 -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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189
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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190 <P><I>Créer un fichier non-compressé à partir de tous les fichiers PNG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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191 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw
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192 -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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193
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194 <P><I>Créer un fichier Motion PNG (MPNG) à partir de tous les fichiers PNG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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diego
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195 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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196 -oac copy -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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197
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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198 <P><I>Créer un fichier Motion TGA (MTGA) à partir de tous les fichiers TGA du rép courant:</I><BR>
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199 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.tga -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy
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200 -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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201
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202
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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203 <H3><A NAME="vobsub">2.4.7 Extractaction des sous-titres DVD dans un fichier Vobsub</A></H3>
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204
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205 <P>MEncoder est capable d'extraire les sous-titres d'un DVD dans des fichiers au format
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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206 VobSub. Ils consistent en une paire de fichiers terminant par <CODE>.idx</CODE> et
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
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207 <CODE>.sub</CODE> et sont généralement compressés dans une seule archive <CODE>.rar</CODE>.
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208 Mplayer peut les lire avec les options <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> et <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE>.</P>
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209
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
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210 <P>Vous spécifiez le nom de base (c-a-d sans l'extension <CODE>.idx</CODE> ou
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
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211 <CODE>.sub</CODE>) des fichiers de sortie avec <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE> et
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
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212 l'index pour ces sous-titres dans le fichier final avec <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P>
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213
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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214 <P>Si l'entrée n'est pas un DVD vous pouvez utiliser <CODE>-ifo</CODE> pour
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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215 indiquer le fichier <CODE>.ifo</CODE> requis pour construire le fichier
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
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216 <CODE>.idx</CODE> final.</P>
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217
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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218 <P>Si l'entrée n'est pas un DVD et que vous n'avez pas de fichier <CODE>.ifo</CODE>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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219 vous aurez besoin d'utiliser l'option <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> pour lui permettre
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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220 de savoir quel id langue placer dans le fichier <CODE>.idx</CODE>.</P>
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221
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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222 <P>Chaque étape ajoutera les sous-titres actifs dans les fichiers <CODE>.idx</CODE>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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223 et <CODE>.sub</CODE> dans les fichiers déjà existants. Vous devrez donc les
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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224 enlever avant de commencer.</P>
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225
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
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226 <H4>Exemples</H4>
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227
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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228 <P><I>Copier deux sous-titres d'un DVD pendant l'encodage 3-passes</I><BR>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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229 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm soustitres.idx soustitres.sub</CODE><BR>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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230 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout soustitres -vobsuboutindex 0
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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231 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3</CODE><BR>
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232 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=1</CODE><BR>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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233 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=2 -vobsubout
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234 sous-titres -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P>
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235
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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236 <P><I>Copier les sous-titres français depuis un fichier MPEG</I><BR>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
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237 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm soustitres.idx soustitres.sub</CODE><BR>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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238 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder film.mpg -ifo film.ifo -vobsubout soustitres
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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239 -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P>
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240
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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241
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
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242 <H3><A NAME="aspect">2.4.8 Préserver l'aspect ratio</A></H3>
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243
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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244 <P>Les fichiers des DVDs et des SVCDs (c-a-d MPEG1/2) contiennent une valeur
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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245 d'aspect ratio, qui décrit comment le lecteur devrait dimensionner le flux
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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246 vidéo, pour que les humains n'aient pas des têtes d'oeuf (ex. 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480).
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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247 De toute façon, quand vous encodez un fichier AVI (DivX), vous devez être conscients
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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248 que les entêtes AVI ne stockent pas cette valeur. Redimmensionner le film est
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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249 dégouttant et coûteux en temps, il doit y avoir une meilleur fonction!</P>
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250
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
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251 <P>Il y en a une.</P>
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252
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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253 <P>MPEG4 a une fonction unique: le flux vidéo peut contenir l'aspect ratio requis.
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
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254 Oui, tout comme les fichiers MPEG1/2 (DVD, SVCD). Malheureusement, il n'y a pas
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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parents:
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255 de lecteurs vidéo au dehors qui supportent cet attribut. Excepté Mplayer.</P>
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256
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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257 <P>Cette fonction ne peut être utilisé qu'avec le codec <CODE>mpeg4</CODE>
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258 de <B>libavcodec</B>. Gardez à l'esprit: bien que MPlayer lise correctement
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259 le fichier créé, les autres lecteurs utiliseront un mauvais aspect ratio.</P>
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260
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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261 <P>Vous devriez sérieusement couper les bandes noires au dessus et en dessous de l'image.
8415
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262 Voir la page de man pour l'utilisation des filtres <CODE>cropdetect</CODE> et
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263 <CODE>crop</CODE>.</P></P>
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264
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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265 <H5>Utilisation:</H5>
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266
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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267 <P><CODE>$ mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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268 vcodec=mpeg4:aspect=16.0/9.0 -vop crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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269
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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270 </BODY>
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271 </HTML>