annotate DOCS/xml/pl/tvinput.xml @ 19027:87d755e003e7

- svn sync tag added - massive updates, fixes etc. - more updates soon - hope I'm doing this right - it's my firs time with SVN:)
author boskicinek
date Wed, 12 Jul 2006 14:06:43 +0000
parents ab575679aa48
children 1455679f6bef
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with 1.16 (deprecated CVS)-->
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3 <!-- synced with 17322 (svn) -->
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4 <!-- Opiekun: Cobra -->
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5 <chapter id="tv">
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6 <title>TV</title>
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7
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8 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV input">
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9 <title>Wejście TV</title>
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10
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11 <para>
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12 Sekcja ta opisuje jak <emphasis role="bold">oglądać/nagrywać obraz
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13 za pomocą tunera TV kompatybilnego z V4L</emphasis>. Zajrzyj do strony man
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14 by zobaczyć opis opcji TV i klawiszy sterujących.
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15 </para>
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16
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17
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18 <sect2 id="tv-compilation">
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19 <title>Kompilacja</title>
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20
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21 <procedure>
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22 <step><para>
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23 Najpierw musisz przekompilować. <filename>./configure</filename> wykryje
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24 automatycznie nagłówki jądra związane z V4L i obecność urządzeń
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25 <filename>/dev/video*</filename>. Jeśli istnieją, obsługa TV zostanie
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26 wbudowana (zobacz wynik działania <filename>./configure</filename>).
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27 </para></step>
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28 <step><para>
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29 Upewnij się, że Twój tuner działa z innymi programami do obsługi TV pod
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30 Linuksem, na przykład <application>XawTV</application>.
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31 </para></step>
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32 </procedure>
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33 </sect2>
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34
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35 <sect2 id="tv-tips">
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36 <title>Wskazówki użytkowania</title>
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37 <para>
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38 Kompletna lista opcji dostępna jest na stronie man.
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39 Tu jest tylko kilka wskazówek:
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40 </para>
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41 <itemizedlist>
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42 <listitem>
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43 <para>
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44 Używaj opcji <option>channels</option>. Przykład
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45 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen>
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46 Wyjaśnienie: używając tej opcji, tylko kanały 23 i 26 będą dostępne oraz pojawi
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47 się fajny napis na OSD przy zmianie kanału, wyświetlający jego nazwę.
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48 Odstępy w nazwie kanału muszą zostać zastąpione znakiem &quot;_&quot;.
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49 </para>
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50 </listitem>
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51
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52 <listitem>
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53 <para>
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54 Używaj rozsądnych rozmiarów obrazu. Rozmiary obrazu wynikowego powinny
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55 być podzielne przez 16.
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56 </para>
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57 </listitem>
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58
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59 <listitem>
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60 <para>
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61 Jeśli nagrywasz obraz video o pionowej rozdzielczości większej niż połowa
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62 rozdzielczości pełnej (np. 288 dla PAL lub 240 dla NTSC), wtedy 'ramki'
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63 które otrzymasz będą tak naprawdę parami poprzeplatanych (interleaved) pól.
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64 W zależności od tego, co chcesz zrobić ze strumieniem wideo, możesz go zostawić
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65 w takiej formie, użyć destrukcyjnego usuwania przeplotu (deinterlacing),
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66 albo rozdzielić pary na pojedyncze pola.
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67 </para>
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68 <para>
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69 W przeciwnym wypadku dostaniesz
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70 film, który jest zniekształcony w trakcie scen o dużej dynamice, a wskazana
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71 szybkość transmisji (bitrate) prawdopodobnie nie będzie nawet mogła być
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72 utrzymana przez kontroler szybkości (bitrate controller),
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73 ponieważ artefakty przeplotu tworzą duże ilości szczegółów,
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74 a co za tym idzie, potrzebują dużej przepustowości. Możesz włączyć
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75 usuwanie przeplotu za pomocą opcji <option>-vf pp=TYP_DEINT</option>. Zwykle
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76 <option>pp=lb</option> spisuje się dobrze, ale to kwestia gustu. Poczytaj o
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77 innych algorytmach usuwania przeplotu na stronie man i zacznij eksperymentować.
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78 </para>
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79 </listitem>
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80
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81 <listitem>
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82 <para>
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83 Usuwaj "martwe miejsca". Kiedy nagrywasz video, są pewnie miejsca przy brzegach,
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84 które są zazwyczaj czarne lub zawierają szum. Jak się łatwo domyślić,
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85 niepotrzebnie wymagają większej przepustowości (dokładniej, to nie same czarne
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86 miejsca, lecz ostre przejścia pomiędzy czarnym kolorem i jaśniejszym obrazem
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87 video, ale nie jest to akurat takie ważne). Zanim zaczniesz nagrywać, ustaw
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88 argumenty opcji <option>crop</option> by wszystkie "śmieci" na brzegach zostały
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89 wycięte. Oczywiście nie zapomnij o utrzymaniu prawidłowych wymiarów obrazu.
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90 </para>
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91 </listitem>
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92
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93 <listitem>
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94 <para>
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95 Uważaj na obciążenie CPU. Nie powinno ono przekroczyć granicy 90% przez
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96 większość czasu. Jeśli masz duży bufor nagrywania,
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97 <application>MEncoder</application> może przetrwać przeciążenie przez najwyżej
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98 kilka sekund i nic więcej. Lepiej więc wyłączyć wszystkie trójwymiarowe
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99 wygaszacze OpenGL i inne tego typu bajery.
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100 </para>
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101 </listitem>
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102
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103 <listitem>
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104 <para>
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105 Nie mieszaj z zegarem systemowym. <application>MEncoder</application> korzysta z
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106 niego do synchronizacji A/V. Jeśli zmodyfikujesz zegar systemowy (zwłaszcza
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107 wstecz), <application>MEncoder</application> się pogubi i utraci klatki. Jest to
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108 bardzo ważna sprawa jeśli jesteś podpięty do sieci i używasz do synchronizacji
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109 czasu różnych programów typu NTP. Musisz wyłączyć NTP w trakcie nagrywania,
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110 jeśli chcesz, by było ono przeprowadzone niezawodnie.
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111 </para>
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112 </listitem>
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113
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114 <listitem>
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115 <para>
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116 Nie zmieniaj opcji <option>outfmt</option>, chyba, że wiesz co robisz lub Twoja
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117 karta/sterownik naprawdę nie obsługuje ustawienia domyślnego (przestrzeń
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118 kolorów YV12). W poprzednich wersjach
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119 <application>MPlayera</application>/<application>MEncodera</application>
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120 konieczne było podanie formatu wyjścia.
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121 Ten problem powinien być rozwiązany w aktualnych wydaniach i opcja
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122 <option>outfmt</option> nie jest już wymagana, a ustawienie domyślne powinno
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123 pasować każdemu. Na przykład, jeśli nagrywasz do formatu DivX używając
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124 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> i podasz opcję <option>outfmt=RGB24</option>
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125 aby zwiększyć jakość nagrywanego obrazu, zostanie on i tak później z
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126 powrotem przekonwertowany do YV12, więc jedyne, co osiągniesz, to ogromna
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127 strata mocy obliczeniowej.
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128 </para>
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129 </listitem>
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130
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131 <listitem>
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132 <para>
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133 By użyć przestrzeni kolorów I420 (<option>outfmt=i420</option>), musisz dodać
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134 opcję <option>-vc rawi420</option> z powodu konfliktu fourcc z kodekiem Intel
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135 Indeo.
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136 </para>
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137 </listitem>
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138
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139 <listitem>
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140 <para>
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141 Jest kilka sposobów na nagrywanie audio. Możesz nagrywać dźwięk za pomocą Twojej
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142 karty dźwiękowej korzystając z zewnętrznego kabla pomiędzy kartą video i
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143 wejściem liniowym lub korzystając z wbudowanego w układ bt878 przetwornika ADC.
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144 W tym drugim przypadku musisz załadować sterownik
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145 <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis>. Przeczytaj plik
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146 <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> (w drzewie jądra, a nie
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147 <application>MPlayera</application>) by dowiedzieć się jak korzystać z tego
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148 sterownika.
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149 </para>
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150 </listitem>
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151
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152 <listitem>
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153 <para>
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154 Jeśli <application>MEncoder</application> nie może otworzyć urządzenia
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155 dźwiękowego, upewnij się, że jest ono rzeczywiście dostępne. Zdarzają się
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156 problemy z serwerami dźwięku typu aRts (KDE) lub ESD (GNOME). Jeśli masz
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157 kartę full-duplex (prawie wszystkie przyzwoite karty dostępne obecnie obsługują
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158 tę funkcję) i korzystasz z KDE, spróbuj zaznaczyć opcję "Działanie w pełni
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159 dupleksowe" ("full duplex") w konfiguracji serwera dźwięku.
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160 </para>
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161 </listitem>
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162 </itemizedlist>
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163 </sect2>
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164
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165
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166 <sect2 id="tv-examples">
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167 <title>Przykłady</title>
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168
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169 <informalexample>
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170 <para>
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171 Puste wyjście, do AAlib :)
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172 <screen>
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173 mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://<!--
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174 --></screen>
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175 </para>
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176 </informalexample>
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177
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178 <informalexample>
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179 <para>
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180 Wejście ze standardowego V4L:
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181 <screen>
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182 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv://<!--
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183 --></screen>
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184 </para>
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185 </informalexample>
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186
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187 <informalexample>
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188 <para>
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189 Bardziej skomplikowany przykład. Każe on
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190 <application>MEncoderowi</application> nagrać pełen
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191 obraz PAL, wykadrować go i usunąć przeplot korzystając z algorytmu
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192 liniowego zlewania (linear blend). Audio jest kompresowane ze stałą
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193 szybkością równą 64kbps, korzystając z kodeka LAME. To ustawienie jest
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194 dobre do nagrywania filmów.
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195 <screen>
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196 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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197 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \
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198 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64 \
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199 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>wyjscie.avi</replaceable> tv://
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200 </screen>
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201 </para>
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202 </informalexample>
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203
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204 <informalexample>
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205 <para>
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206 Ten przykład dodatkowo przeskaluje obraz do 384x288 i skompresuje video
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207 z szybkością 350kbps w trybie wysokiej jakości. Opcja <option>vqmax</option>
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208 uwalnia kwantyzator i pozwala kompresorowi video na osiągnięcie tak
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209 niskiej szybkości nawet kosztem jakości obrazu. Może być to używane do
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210 nagrywania długich seriali TV, kiedy jakość obrazu nie jest tak ważna.
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211 <screen>
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212 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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213 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \
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214 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 \
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215 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=lb,scale=384:288 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>wyjscie.avi</replaceable> tv://
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216 </screen>
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217 Jest również możliwe podanie mniejszych wymiarów obrazu w opcji
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218 <option>-tv</option> i pominięcie programowego skalowania, ale to podejście
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219 wykorzystuje maksymalną ilość dostępnych informacji i jest trochę bardziej
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220 odporne na szum. Z powodu ograniczeń sprzętowych Układy bt878 mogą stosować
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221 uśrednianie pikseli jedynie w kierunku poziomym.
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222 </para>
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223 </informalexample>
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224 </sect2>
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225 </sect1>
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226
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227 </chapter>