annotate DOCS/xml/de/mencoder.xml @ 22246:cd659496eafd

Revert r22255 on iive's request.
author reimar
date Sun, 18 Feb 2007 20:19:47 +0000
parents 98fbc2315506
children 156068fd461b
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- in sync with r21465 -->
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3 <chapter id="mencoder">
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4 <title>Allgemeiner Gebrauch von <application>MEncoder</application></title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 Eine komplette Liste der <application>MEncoder</application>-Optionen
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8 und Beispiele findest du in der Manpage. Eine Reihe praktischer Beispiele
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9 und detaillierter Anleitungen zur Anwendung verschiedener Encodier-Parameter
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10 findet du in den
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11 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">Encodier-Tipps (im Moment nur auf englisch)</ulink>,
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12 die aus verschiedenen Mailing-Listen-Threads von MPlayer-Nutzern
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13 zusammengestellt wurden.
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14 Durchsuche die
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15 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">Archive</ulink>
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16 nach einer Fülle von Diskussionen über alle Aspekte und Probleme mit
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17 der Encodierung mittels <application>MEncoder</application>.
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18 </para>
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19
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20 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-codec">
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21 <title>Auswahl der Codecs und Containerformate</title>
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22
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23 <para>
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24 Audio- und Videocodecs für die Encodierung werden mit den Optionen
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25 <option>-oac</option> und <option>-ovc</option> respektive gewählt.
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26 Gib zum Beispiel folgendes ein:
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27 <screen>mencoder -ovc help</screen>
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28 um alle von der <application>MEncoder</application>-Version auf deinem Rechner
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29 unterstützten Video-Codecs aufzulisten.
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30 Die folgenden Wahlmöglichkeiten stehen zur Verfügung:
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31 </para>
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32 <para>
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33 Audiocodecs:
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34
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35 <informaltable frame="all">
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36 <tgroup cols="2">
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37 <thead>
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38 <row><entry>Audiocodecname</entry><entry>Beschreibung</entry></row>
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39 </thead>
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40 <tbody>
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41 <row>
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42 <entry>mp3lame</entry>
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43 <entry>encodiere nach VBR-, ABR- oder CBR-MP3 mittels LAME</entry>
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44 </row>
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45 <row>
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46 <entry>lavc</entry>
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47 <entry>verwende einen der Audiocodecs von
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48 <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-audio-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>
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49 </entry>
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50 </row>
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51 <row>
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52 <entry>faac</entry>
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53 <entry>FAAC AAC Audio-Encoder</entry>
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54 </row>
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55 <row>
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56 <entry>toolame</entry>
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57 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 Encoder</entry>
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58 </row>
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59 <row>
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60 <entry>twolame</entry>
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61 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 Encoder basierend auf tooLAME</entry>
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62 </row>
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63 <row>
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64 <entry>pcm</entry>
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65 <entry>unkomprimiertes PCM-Audio</entry>
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66 </row>
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67 <row>
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68 <entry>copy</entry>
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69 <entry>nicht neu codieren, kopiere einfach nur komprimierte Frames</entry>
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70 </row>
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71 </tbody>
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72 </tgroup>
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73 </informaltable>
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74 </para>
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75
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76 <para>
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77 Video-Codecs:
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78 <informaltable frame="all">
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79 <tgroup cols="2">
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80 <thead>
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81 <row><entry>Videocodecname</entry><entry>Beschreibung</entry></row>
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82 </thead>
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83 <tbody>
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84 <row>
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85 <entry>lavc</entry>
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86 <entry>Verwende einen der Video-Codecs von
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87 <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-video-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>
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88 </entry>
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89 </row>
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90 <row>
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91 <entry>xvid</entry>
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92 <entry>Xvid, MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) Codec</entry>
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93 </row>
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94 <row>
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95 <entry>x264</entry>
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96 <entry>x264, MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), AKA H.264 Codec</entry>
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97 </row>
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98 <row>
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99 <entry>nuv</entry>
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100 <entry>NuppelVideo, von Echtzeit-Anwendungen verwendet</entry>
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101 </row>
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102 <row>
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103 <entry>raw</entry>
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104 <entry>unkomprimierte Video-Frames</entry>
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105 </row>
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106 <row>
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107 <entry>copy</entry>
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108 <entry>nicht neu codieren, kopiere einfach nur komprimierte Frames</entry>
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109 </row>
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110 <row>
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111 <entry>frameno</entry>
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112 <entry>verwendet für 3-pass-Encodierung (nicht empfohlen)</entry>
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113 </row>
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114 </tbody>
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115 </tgroup>
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116 </informaltable>
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117 </para>
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118 <para>
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119 Ausgabe-Containerformate werden mittels der Option <option>-of</option> gewählt.
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120 Gib folgendes ein
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121 <screen>mencoder -of help</screen>
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122 um alle von der <application>MEncoder</application>-Version auf deinem Rechner
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123 unterstützten Videocodecs aufzulisten.
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124 Die folgenden Wahlmöglichkeiten stehen zur Verfügung:
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125 </para>
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126 <para>
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127 Containerformate:
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128 <informaltable frame="all">
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129 <tgroup cols="2">
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130 <thead>
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131 <row><entry>Name des Containerformats</entry><entry>Beschreibung</entry></row>
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132 </thead>
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133 <tbody>
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134 <row>
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135 <entry>lavf</entry>
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136 <entry>einer der von
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137 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>
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138 unterstützten Container</entry>
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139 </row>
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140 <row>
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141 <entry>avi</entry>
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142 <entry>Audio-Video Interleaved</entry>
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143 </row>
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144 <row>
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145 <entry>mpeg</entry>
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146 <entry>MPEG-1 und MPEG-2 PS</entry>
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147 </row>
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148 <row>
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149 <entry>rawvideo</entry>
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150 <entry>raw-Video-Stream (kein Muxen - nur ein Video-Stream)</entry>
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151 </row>
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152 <row>
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153 <entry>rawaudio</entry>
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154 <entry>raw-Audio-Stream (kein Muxen - nur ein Audio-Stream)</entry>
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155 </row>
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156 </tbody>
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157 </tgroup>
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158 </informaltable>
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159 Der AVI-Container ist das ursprüngliche Containerformat für
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160 <application>MEncoder</application>, was bedeutet, dass es der am besten
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161 gehandhabte ist und derjenige, für welchen <application>MEncoder</application>
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162 entworfen wurde.
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163 Wie oben angemerkt können weitere Containerformate verwendet werden, jedoch
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164 kann es bei deren Gebrauch zu Problemen kommen.
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165 </para>
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166
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167 <para>
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168 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>-Container:
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169 </para>
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170 <para>
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171 Wenn du für das Muxen der Ausgabedatei
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172 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> verwendest
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173 (mittels <option>-of lavf</option>),
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174 wird das passende Containerformat entsprechend der Erweiterung der Ausgabedatei
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175 ermittelt.
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176 Du kannst ein bestimmtes Containerformat mit Hilfe der Option
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177 <option>format</option> von <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>
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178 erzwingen.
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179
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180 <informaltable frame="all">
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181 <tgroup cols="2">
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182 <thead>
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183 <row><entry><systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> Containername</entry><entry>Beschreibung</entry></row>
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184 </thead>
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185 <tbody>
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186 <row>
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187 <entry>mpg</entry>
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188 <entry>MPEG-1 und MPEG-2 PS</entry>
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189 </row>
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190 <row>
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191 <entry>asf</entry>
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192 <entry>Advanced Streaming Format</entry>
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193 </row>
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194 <row>
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195 <entry>avi</entry>
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196 <entry>Audio-Video Interleaved</entry>
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197 </row>
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198 <row>
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199 <entry>wav</entry>
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200 <entry>Waveform Audio</entry>
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201 </row>
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202 <row>
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203 <entry>swf</entry>
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204 <entry>Macromedia Flash</entry>
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205 </row>
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206 <row>
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207 <entry>flv</entry>
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208 <entry>Macromedia Flash Video</entry>
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209 </row>
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210 <row>
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211 <entry>rm</entry>
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212 <entry>RealMedia</entry>
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213 </row>
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214 <row>
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215 <entry>au</entry>
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216 <entry>SUN AU</entry>
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217 </row>
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218 <row>
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219 <entry>nut</entry>
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220 <entry>NUT offener Container (experimentell und noch nicht Spec-konform)</entry>
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221 </row>
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222 <row>
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223 <entry>mov</entry>
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224 <entry>QuickTime</entry>
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225 </row>
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226 <row>
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227 <entry>mp4</entry>
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228 <entry>MPEG-4 Format</entry>
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229 </row>
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230 <row>
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231 <entry>dv</entry>
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232 <entry>Sony Digital Video Container</entry>
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233 </row>
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234 </tbody>
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235 </tgroup>
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236 </informaltable>
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237 Wie du siehst, erlaubt <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>
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238 <application>MEncoder</application>, in eine beachtliche Vielfalt an Containern
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239 zu muxen.
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240 Leider solltest du wirklich Paranoia angesichts der resultierenden Datei schieben,
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241 da <application>MEncoder</application> nicht von Anfang an für die Unterstützung
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242 anderer Containerformate als AVI entworfen wurde.
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243
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244 Überprüfe bitte sicherheitshalber, ob die Audio-/Video-Synchronisierung in Ordnung ist
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245 und ob die Datei von anderen Playern als <application>MPlayer</application>
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246 wiedergegeben werden kann.
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247 </para>
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248
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249 <informalexample>
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250 <para>Beispiel:</para>
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251 <para>
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252 Erzeugen eines Macromedia Flash Videos, das in einem Web-Browser mit dem
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253 Macromedia Flash Plugin abgespielt werden kann:
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254 <screen>
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255 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.flv</replaceable> -of lavf \
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256 -oac mp3lame -lameopts abr:br=56 -ovc lavc \
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257 -lavcopts vcodec=flv:vbitrate=500:mbd=2:mv0:trell:v4mv:cbp:last_pred=3 \
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258 -srate 22050
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259 </screen>
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260 </para>
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261 </informalexample>
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262
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263 </sect1>
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264
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265
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266 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-input">
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267 <title>Auswahl von Eingabedatei oder -gerät</title>
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268
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269 <para>
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270 <application>MEncoder</application> kann aus Dateien oder direkt von
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271 einer DVD- oder VCD-Disk encodieren.
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272 Schließe einfach den Dateinamen in der Befehlszeile mit ein, um
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273 von einer Datei zu ecodieren, oder
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274 <option>dvd://</option><replaceable>Titelnummer</replaceable>
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275 bzw. <option>vcd://</option><replaceable>Tracknummer</replaceable> zum
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276 Ecodieren von einem DVD-Titel oder VCD-Track.
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277 Wenn du bereits einmal eine DVD auf deine Festplatte kopiert hast
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278 (du kannst ein Tool wie etwa <application>dvdbackup</application>
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279 verwenden, auf den meisten Systemen verfügbar)
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280 und von der Kopie encodieren willst, solltest du nach wie vor die Syntax
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281 <option>dvd://</option> benutzen, zusammen mit <option>-dvd-device</option>
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282 gefolgt vom Pfad zur kopierten DVD-Root.
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283
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284 Die Optionen <option>-dvd-device</option> und <option>-cdrom-device</option>
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285 können auch dazu genutzt werden, die Pfade zu den Geräte-Nodes zu überschreiben,
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286 um direkt von der Disk zu lesen, falls die Standardoptionen
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287 <filename>/dev/dvd</filename> und <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename> auf
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288 deinem System nicht funktionieren.
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289 </para>
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290 <para>
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291 Wenn du von einer DVD encodierst, ist es oft wünschenswert, ein zu
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292 encodierendes Kapitel oder einen Bereich von Kapiteln auszuwählen.
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293 Du kannst zu diesem Zweck die Option <option>-chapter</option> nutzen.
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294 Zum Beispiel wird <option>-chapter</option> <replaceable>1-4</replaceable>
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295 nur die Kapitel 1 bis 4 der DVD encodieren.
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296 Dies ist besonders nützlich, wenn du eine für zwei CDs bestimmte
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297 Encodierung mit 1400 MB durchführen willst, da du sicherstellen kannst,
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298 dass die Unterbrechung exakt an den Kapitelgrenzen stattfindet, anstatt mitten
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299 in einer Szene.
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300 </para>
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301 <para>
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302 Besitzt du eine unterstützte TV-Capture-Karte, kannst du auch von einem
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303 TV-In-Gerät encodieren.
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304 Verwende <option>tv://</option><replaceable>Kanalnummer</replaceable> als
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305 Dateinamen und <option>-tv</option> zur Konfiguration der zahlreichen
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306 Aufnahmeeinstellungen.
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307 Der DVB-Input funktioniert ähnlich.
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308 </para>
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309 </sect1>
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310
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311 <sect1 id="menc-feat-handheld-psp">
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312 <title>Encodieren ins Sony PSP Video Format</title>
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313
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314 <para>
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315 <application>MEncoder</application> unterstützt das Encodieren in das
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316 Sony PSP Video Format, allerdings gibt es, abhängig von der Version der PSP
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317 Software, unterschiedliche Beschränkungen.
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318 Wer sicher gehen möchte, sollte folgende Beschränkungen beachten:
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319 <itemizedlist>
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320 <listitem><para>
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321 <emphasis role="bold">Bitrate</emphasis>: sollte 1500kbps
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322 nicht überschreiten, frühere Versionen unterstützten allerdings fast jede
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323 beliebige Bitrate, so lange der Header sagte, sie sei nicht zu hoch.
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324 </para></listitem>
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325 <listitem><para>
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326 <emphasis role="bold">Dimensionen</emphasis>: die Breite und Höhe des
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327 PSP videos sollte ein Vielfaches von 16 sein, und das Produkt Breite
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328 * Höhe muss &lt;= 64000 sein.
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329 Unter gewissen Umständen kann es der PSP möglich sein, höhere
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330 Auflösungen abzuspielen.
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331 </para></listitem>
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332 <listitem><para>
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333 <emphasis role="bold">Audio</emphasis>: die Samplerate sollte für
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334 MPEG-4 Videos 24kHz, und für H.264 48kHz betragen.
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335 </para></listitem>
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336 </itemizedlist>
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337 </para>
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338
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339 <example id="encode_for_psp">
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340 <title>Encodierung für PSP</title>
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341 <para>
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342 <screen>
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343 mencoder -ofps 30000/1001 -af lavcresample=24000 -vf harddup -of lavf \
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344 -oac lavc -ovc lavc -lavcopts aglobal=1:vglobal=1:vcodec=mpeg4:acodec=aac \
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345 -lavfopts format=psp:i_certify_that_my_video_stream_does_not_use_b_frames \
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346 <replaceable>input.video</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.psp</replaceable>
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347 </screen>
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348 Der Titel des Videos kann folgendermaßen angepasst werden:
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349 <option>-info name=<replaceable>MovieTitle</replaceable></option>.
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350 </para>
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351 </example>
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352 </sect1>
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353
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354
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355 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4">
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356 <title>Encodieren von 2-pass-MPEG4 (&quot;DivX&quot;)</title>
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357
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358 <para>
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359 Der Name kommt daher, dass diese Methode die Datei <emphasis>zweimal</emphasis>
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360 encodiert.
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361 Die erste Encodierung (synchronisierter Durchgang) erzeugt einige temporäre
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362 Dateien (<filename>*.log</filename>) mit einer Größe von ein paar Megabyte,
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363 lösche diese noch nicht (du kannst dabei die AVI löschen oder vielmehr einfach
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364 kein Video erstellen, indem du sie nach <filename>/dev/null</filename>
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365 umadressierst).
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366 Im zweiten Durchgang wird die 2-pass-Ausgabedatei erzeugt, indem die
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367 Bitraten-Daten der temporären Dateien genutzt werden. Die sich daraus
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368 ergebende Datei wird eine viel bessere Bildqualität besitzen. Wenn du das
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369 erste Mal davon gehört hast, solltest du einige im Netz verfügbare Handbücher
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370 zu Rate ziehen.
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371 </para>
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372
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373 <example id="copy_audio_track">
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374 <title>Kopieren eines Audio-Tracks</title>
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375 <para>
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376 2-pass-Encodierung des zweiten Tracks einer DVD zu einer MPEG4 (&quot;DivX&quot;)
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377 AVI-Datei während des gleichzeitigen Kopierens des Audio-Tracks.
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378 <screen>
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379 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o /dev/null
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380 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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381 </screen>
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382 </para>
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383 </example>
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384
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385 <example id="encode_audio_track">
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386 <title>Encodieren eines Audio-Tracks</title>
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387 <para>
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388 2-pass-Encodierung einer DVD nach einer MPEG4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) AVI-Datei
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389 während des gleichzeitigen Encodierens des Audio-Tracks nach MP3.
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390 Sei bei der Anwendung dieser Methode vorsichtig, da sie in einigen Fällen
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391 zur Audio-/Video-Desynchronisierung führen kann.
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392 <screen>
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393 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o /dev/null
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394 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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395 </screen>
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396 </para>
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397 </example>
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398 </sect1>
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399
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400 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg">
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401 <title>Encodieren ins MPEG-Format</title>
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402 <para>
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403 <application>MEncoder</application> kann Ausgabedateien im Format
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404 MPEG (MPEG-PS) erzeugen.
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405 Gewöhnlich, wenn du MPEG1- oder MPEG2-Videos benutzt, tust du dies, weil
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406 du in ein erzwungenes Format wie SVCD, VCD oder DVD encodierst.
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407 Die spezifischen Anforderungen an diese Formate werden im Abschnitt
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408 <link linkend="menc-feat-vcd-dvd">Verwenden von MEncoder zum Erzeugen
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409 VCD/SVCD/DVD-konformer Dateien</link>
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410 beschrieben.
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411 </para>
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412
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413 <para>
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414 Verwende die Option <option>-of mpeg</option>, um das Format der
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415 Ausgabedatei von <application>MEncoder</application> zu ändern.
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416 </para>
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417
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418 <informalexample>
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419 <para>
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420 Beispiel:
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421 <screen>
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422 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video \
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423 -oac copy <replaceable>other_options</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable>
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424 </screen>
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425 Erzeugen einer für das Abspielen auf Systemen mit minimalem Multimedia-Support
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426 geeigneten MPEG1-Datei, wie etwa auf Standard-Windows-Installationen:
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427 <screen>
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428 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -mpegopts format=mpeg1:tsaf:muxrate=2000 \
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429 -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable> -oac lavc -ovc lavc \
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430 -lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224:vcodec=mpeg1video:vbitrate=1152:keyint=15:mbd=2:aspect=4/3
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431 </screen>
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432 Das gleiche bei Benutzung des MPEG-Muxers von <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>:
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433 <screen>
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434 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>VCD.mpg</replaceable> -ofps 25 -vf scale=352:288,harddup -of lavf \
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435 -lavfopts format=mpg:i_certify_that_my_video_stream_does_not_use_b_frames \
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436 -oac lavc -lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 -ovc lavc \
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437 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video:vrc_buf_size=327:keyint=15:vrc_maxrate=1152:vbitrate=1152:vmax_b_frames=0
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438 </screen>
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439 </para>
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440 </informalexample>
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441
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442 <note><title>Hinweis:</title>
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443 <para>
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444 Wenn dich die Video-Qualität des zweiten Durchgangs aus irgendeinem
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445 Grund nicht zufrieden gestellt hat, kannst du deine Encodierung
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446 mit einer anderen Zielbitrate erneut durchlaufen lassen, vorausgesetzt,
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447 du hast die Statistikdateien des vorherigen Durchgangs gesichert.
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448 Dies ist möglich, weil das Primärziel der Statistikdateien die Aufzeichnung
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449 der Komplexität jedes Frames ist, was nicht allzusehr von der Bitrate
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450 abhängt. Du solltest daher beachten, dass du die besten Ergebnisse bekommst,
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451 wenn alle Durchgänge mit nicht zu sehr voneinander abweichenden
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452 Ziel-Bitraten durchlaufen werden.
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453 </para>
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454 </note>
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455
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456 </sect1>
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457
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458 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale">
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459 <title>Reskalierung von Filmen</title>
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460
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461 <para>
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462 Oft taucht die Notwendigkeit auf, die Größe der Bilder eines Films zu
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463 ändern. Das kann viele Gründe haben: das Anwachsen der Dateigröße,
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464 Netzwerkbandbreite etc. Die meisten Leute reskalieren gerade beim
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465 Konvertieren von DVDs oder SVCDs nach DivX AVI. Wenn du reskalieren willst,
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466 lies den Abschnitt <link linkend="aspect">Beibehalten des Seitenverhältnisses</link>.
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467 </para>
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468
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469 <para>
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470 Der Skalierungsprozess wird vom <literal>scale</literal>-Video-Filter verarbeitet:
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471 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>Breite</replaceable>:<replaceable>Hoehe</replaceable></option>.
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472 Seine Qualität kann mit der Option <option>-sws</option> gesetzt werden.
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473 Ist sie nicht angegeben, wird <application>MEncoder</application> 2: bikubisch
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474 verwenden.
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475 </para>
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476
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477 <para>
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478 Anwendung:
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479 <screen>
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480 mencoder <replaceable>input.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell \
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481 -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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482 </screen>
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483 </para>
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484 </sect1>
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485
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486
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487 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy">
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488 <title>Kopieren von Streams</title>
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489
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490 <para>
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491 <application>MEncoder</application> kann Input-Streams auf zwei Arten verarbeiten:
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492 <emphasis role="bold">Encodiere</emphasis> oder <emphasis role="bold">kopiere</emphasis>
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493 sie. Dieser Abschnitt behandelt das <emphasis role="bold">Kopieren</emphasis>.
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494 </para>
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495
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496 <itemizedlist>
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497 <listitem><para>
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498 <emphasis role="bold">Videostream</emphasis> (Option <option>-ovc copy</option>):
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499 Damit kann man nette Sachen machen :) Wie etwa FLI oder VIVO oder
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500 MPEG1-Video in eine AVI-Datei legen (nicht konvertieren!)! Sicherlich kann
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501 nur <application>MPlayer</application> solche Dateien abspielen :)
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502 Und es hat tatsächlich keine wirkliche Daseinsberechtigung.
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503 Rational: Das Kopieren eines Video-Stream kann zum Beispiel dann
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504 nützlich sein, wenn nur der Audio-Stream encodiert werden muß (wie
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505 unkomprimiertes PCM nach MP3).
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506 </para></listitem>
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507 <listitem><para>
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508 <emphasis role="bold">Audiostream</emphasis> (Option <option>-oac copy</option>):
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509 unkompliziert. Es ist möglich, eine externe Audio-Datei (MP3,
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510 WAV) herzunehmen und sie in einen Ausgabestream zu muxen. Nimm dazu die
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511 Option <option>-audiofile <replaceable>Dateinamename</replaceable></option>.
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512 </para></listitem>
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513 </itemizedlist>
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514
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515 <para>
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516 Das Anwenden von <option>-oac copy</option>, um von einem
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517 Containerformat zum anderen zu kopieren, kann
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518 <option>-fafmttag</option> erfordern, um das Audio-Format-Tag der Originaldatei
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519 beizubehalten.
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520 Wenn du zum Beispiel eine NSV-Datei mit AAC-Audio in einen AVI-Container
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521 konvertierst, wird der Audio-Format-Tag fehlerhaft sein und muss geändert
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522 werden. <filename>codecs.conf</filename> enthält eine Liste von
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523 Audio-Format-Tags.
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524 </para>
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525
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526 <para>
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527 Beispiel:
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528 <screen>
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529 mencoder <replaceable>input.nsv</replaceable> -oac copy -fafmttag 0x706D \
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530 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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531 </screen>
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532 </para>
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533
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534 </sect1>
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535
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536
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537 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images">
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538 <title>Encodieren von mehreren Input-Bilddateien (JPEG, PNG, TGA, etc.)</title>
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539
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540 <para>
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541 <application>MEncoder</application> ist in der Lage, Filme aus einer oder
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542 mehreren JPEG-, PNG-, TGA- oder andere Bilddateien zu erzeugen. Mit einem einfachen
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543 framecopy kann es Dateien wie MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG)
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544 oder MTGA (Motion TGA) generieren.
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545 </para>
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546
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547 <orderedlist>
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548 <title>Erläuterung des Prozesses:</title>
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549 <listitem><para>
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550 <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>decodiert</emphasis> das/die
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551 Input-Bild(er) mittels <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem>
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552 (beim Decodieren von PNGs nimmt er <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>).
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553 </para></listitem>
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554 <listitem><para>
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555 <application>MEncoder</application> führt dann das decodierte Bild dem
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556 gewählten Video-Kompressor zu (DivX4, Xvid, FFmpeg msmpeg4, etc).
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557 </para></listitem>
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558 </orderedlist>
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559
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560 <formalpara>
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561 <title>Beispiele</title>
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562 <para>
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563 Die Erklärung der Option <option>-mf</option> steht in der Manpage.
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564
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565 <informalexample>
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566 <para>
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567 Erzeugen einer MPEG4-Datei aus allen im aktuellen Verzeichnis liegenden
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568 JPEG-Dateien:
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569 <screen>
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570 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc \
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571 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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572 </screen>
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573 </para>
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574 </informalexample>
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575
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576 <informalexample>
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577 <para>
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578 Erzeugen einer MPEG4-Datei aus einigen im aktuellen Verzeichnis liegenden
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579 JPEG-Dateien:
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580 <screen>
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581 mencoder mf://<replaceable>frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg \
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582 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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583 </screen>
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584 </para>
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585 </informalexample>
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586
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587 <informalexample>
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588 <para>
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589 Erzeugen einer MPEG4-Datei aus einer eindeutigen Liste von JPEG-Dateien (list.txt im
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590 aktuellem Verzeichnis enthält die Liste von Dateien, die als Quelle genutzt werden
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591 sollen, eine pro Zeile):
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592 <screen>
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593 mencoder mf://<replaceable>@list.txt</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg \
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594 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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595 </screen>
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596 </para>
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597 </informalexample>
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598
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599 <informalexample>
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600 <para>
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601 Erzeugen einer Motion JPEG (MJPEG) Datei aus allen im aktuellen Verzeichnis liegenden
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602 JPEG-Dateien:
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603 <screen>mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen>
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604 </para>
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605 </informalexample>
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606
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607 <informalexample>
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608 <para>
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609 Erzeugen einer unkomprimierten Datei aus allen PNG-Dateien im aktuellen Verzeichnis:
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610 <screen>mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o<replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen>
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611 </para>
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612 </informalexample>
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613
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614 <note><para>
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615 Die Breite muß ein Vielfaches von 4 sein, dies ist eine Einschränkung des
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616 RAW RGB AVI Formats.
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617 </para></note>
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618
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619 <informalexample>
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620 <para>
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621 Erzeugen einer Motion PNG (MPNG) Datei aus allen PNG-Dateien im aktuellen Verzeichnis:
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622 <screen>mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen>
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623 </para>
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624 </informalexample>
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625
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626 <informalexample>
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627 <para>
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628 Erzeugen einer Motion TGA (MTGA) Datei aus allen TGA-Dateien im aktuellen Verzeichnis:
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629 <screen>mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen>
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630 </para>
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631 </informalexample>
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632
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633 </para>
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634 </formalpara>
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635 </sect1>
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636
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637
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638 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub">
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639 <title>Extrahieren von DVD-Untertiteln in eine VOBsub-Datei</title>
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640
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641 <para>
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642 <application>MEncoder</application> kann Untertitel aus einer DVD
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643 in VOBsub-formatierte Dateien extrahieren. Diese bestehen aus einem
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644 Paar von Dateien mit den Endungen <filename>.idx</filename> und
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645 <filename>.sub</filename> und sind für gewöhnlich in ein einzelnes
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646 <filename>.rar</filename>-Archiv gepackt.
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647 <application>MPlayer</application> kann diese mit den Optionen
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648 <option>-vobsub</option> und <option>-vobsubid</option> abspielen.
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649 </para>
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650
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651 <para>
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652 Du legst den Basisnamen der Ausgabedateien (z.B ohne die Erweiterung
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653 <filename>.idx</filename> oder <filename>.sub</filename>)
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654 mittels <option>-vobsubout</option> fest und den Index für diesen
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655 Untertitel der resultierenden Dateien mit <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>.
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656 </para>
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657
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658 <para>
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659 Stammt der Input nicht von einer DVD, solltest du <option>-ifo</option>
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660 verwenden, um die zur Konstruktion der resultierenden
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661 <filename>.idx</filename>-Datei benötigten <filename>.ifo</filename>-Datei
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662 anzugeben.
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663 </para>
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664
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665 <para>
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666 Stammt der Input nicht von einer DVD und besitzt du die
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667 <filename>.ifo</filename>-Datei nicht, musst du die Option
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668 <option>-vobsubid</option> anwenden, um ihn wissen zu lassen, welche
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669 Sprach-ID in die <filename>.idx</filename>-Datei eingefügt werden soll.
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670 </para>
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671
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672 <para>
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673 Jeder Start wird den laufenden Untertitel anhängen, falls die
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674 <filename>.idx</filename>- und <filename>.sub</filename>-Dateien bereits
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675 existieren. Also solltest du beide vor dem Start entfernen.
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676 </para>
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677
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678 <example id="copying_two_subtitles_from_a_dvd_while_doing_two_pass_encoding">
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679 <title>Kopieren zweier Untertitel aus einer DVD während einer 2-pass-Encodierung</title>
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680 <screen>
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681 rm <replaceable>subtitles.idx</replaceable> <replaceable>subtitles.sub</replaceable>
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682 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 \
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683 -vobsubout <replaceable>subtitles</replaceable> -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2
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684 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 \
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685 -vobsubout <replaceable>subtitles</replaceable> -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!--
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686 --></screen>
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687 </example>
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688
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689 <example id="copying_a_french_subtitle_from_an_mpeg_file">
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690 <title>Kopieren eines französichen Untertitels aus einer MPEG-Datei</title>
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691 <screen>
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692 rm <replaceable>subtitles.idx</replaceable> <replaceable>subtitles.sub</replaceable>
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693 mencoder <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>movie.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout <replaceable>subtitles</replaceable> -vobsuboutindex 0 \
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694 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1 -nosound -ovc copy
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695 </screen>
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696 </example>
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697
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698 </sect1>
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699
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700 <sect1 id="aspect">
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701 <title>Beibehalten des Seitenverhältnisses</title>
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702 <para>
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703 Dateien von DVDs und SVCDs (z.B. MPEG1/2) enthalten einen Wert für das
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704 Seitenverhältnis, welcher beschreibt, wie der Player den Videostream
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705 skalieren soll, damit Menschen keine Eierköpfe kriegen
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706 (Beispiel: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). Beim Encodieren zu AVI-(DivX)-Dateien
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707 musst du dir bewusst sein, dass AVI-Header diesen Wert nicht abspeichern.
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708 Das Reskalieren des Films ist ätzend und zeitaufwändig, da muss es doch
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709 einen besseren Weg geben!
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710 </para>
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711
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712 <para>Es gibt ihn.</para>
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713
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714 <para>
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715 MPEG4 besitzt ein einzigartiges Feature: Der Video-Stream kann sein
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716 benötigtes Seitenverhältnis enthalten. Ja, genau wie MPEG1/2 (DVD, SVCD)
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717 und H.263 Dateien. Bedauerlicherweise gibt es abgesehen von
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718 <application>MPlayer</application> wenige Video-Player, die dieses
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719 MPEG4-Attribut unterstützen.
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720 </para>
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721
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722 <para>
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723 Dieses Feature kann nur mit dem <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem>-Codec von
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724 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>
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725 verwendet werden. Vergiss nicht: Obwohl <application>MPlayer</application>
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726 die erzeugte Datei korrekt abspielen wird, könnten andere Player das verkehrte
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727 Seitenverhältnis benutzen.
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728 </para>
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729
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730 <para>
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731 Du solltest auf jeden Fall die schwarzen Bänder oberhalb und unterhalb des
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732 Filmbildes abschneiden.
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733 In der Manpage steht mehr zur Verwendung der Filter <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem>
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734 und <systemitem>crop</systemitem>.
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735 </para>
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736
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737 <para>
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738 Anwendung:
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739 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>sample-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -ovc lavc \
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740 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:autoaspect -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen>
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741 </para>
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742 </sect1>
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743
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744 </chapter>