annotate DOCS/xml/cs/mencoder.xml @ 16263:e68d2c0432e5

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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-2"?>
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2 <!-- Synced with: 1.87 -->
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3 <chapter id="mencoder">
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4 <title>Základní použití <application>MEncoder</application>u</title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 Úplný seznam dostupných voleb a příkladů pro <application>MEncoder</application>
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8 naleznete v man stránce. Řadu užitečných příkladů a podrobných návodů pro
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9 použití mnoha enkódovacích voleb naleznete v
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10 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">tipech pro enkódování</ulink>, které
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11 byly získány z několika diskusí v konferenci MPlayer-users. Prohledejte
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12 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">archivy</ulink>,
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13 chcete-li bohatost diskusí o všech aspektech a problémech vztažených
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14 k enkódování <application>MEncoder</application>em.
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15 </para>
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16
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17 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4">
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18 <title>Dvouprůchodové enkódování MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;)</title>
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19
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20 <para>
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21 Název vychází z faktu, že soubor je enkódován <emphasis>dvakrát</emphasis>.
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22 První enkódování (dubbed pass) vytvoří dočasné soubory
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23 (<filename>*.log</filename>) velikosti několika megabajtů, které zatím nemažte
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24 (můžete smazat AVI). Ve druhém průchodu je vytvořen dvouprůchodový výstupní
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25 soubor s použitím řízení datového toku z dočasných souborů. Výsledný soubor
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26 bude mít lepší kvalitu obrazu. Pokud jste o tom teď slyšeli poprvé, měli byste
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27 si prostudovat některé návody dostupné na netu.
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28 </para>
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29
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30 <example>
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31 <title>kopírování zvukové stopy</title>
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32 <para>
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33 Dvouprůchodové enkódování DVD do MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) AVI zatímco se zvuk
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34 pouze zkopíruje.
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35 <screen>
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36 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable>
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37 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable>
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38 </screen>
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39 </para>
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40 </example>
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41
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42 <example>
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43 <title>enkódování zvukové stopy</title>
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44 <para>
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45 Dvouprůchodové enkódování DVD do MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) AVI a současně
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46 enkódování zvukové stopy do MP3.
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47 <screen>
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48 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable>
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49 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable>
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50 </screen>
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51 </para>
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52 </example>
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53 </sect1>
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54
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55 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg">
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56 <title>Enkódování do MPEG formátu</title>
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57 <para>
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58 <application>MEncoder</application> umí vytvořit výstupní soubor formátu
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59 MPEG (MPEG-PS).
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60 Pokud používáte MPEG-1 nebo MPEG-2 video, obvykle je to proto, že enkódujete
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61 pro omezený formát jako je SVCD, VCD nebo DVD.
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62 Konkrétní požadavky těchto formátů jsou objasněny v sekci
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63 <link linkend="menc-feat-vcd-dvd">návod pro vytvoření VCD a DVD</link>.
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64 </para>
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65
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66 <para>
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67 Výstupní souborový formát <application>MEncoder</application>u změníte použitím
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68 volby <option>-of mpeg</option>.
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69 </para>
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70
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71 <para>
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72 Example:
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73 <screen>
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74 mencoder -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video -oac copy <replaceable>další_volby</replaceable> <replaceable>media.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>výstup.mpg</replaceable>
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75 </screen>
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76 </para>
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77 </sect1>
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78
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79 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale">
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80 <title>Škálování (změna velikosti) filmů</title>
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81
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82 <para>
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83 Často potřebujeme změnit velikost obrázků ve filmu a to z mnoha důvodů: zmenšení
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84 souboru, zátěže sítě atd. Mnoho lidí dokonce mění velikost při převodu DVD nebo
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85 SVCD do DivX AVI. Pokud si přejete video přeškálovat, přečtěte si sekci
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86 <link linkend="aspect">Zachování poměru stran</link>.
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87 </para>
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88
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89 <para>
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90 Samotný proces škálování je prováděn video filtrem <literal>scale</literal>:
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91 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>šířka</replaceable>:<replaceable>výška</replaceable></option>.
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92 Jeho kvalita může být nastavena volbou <option>-sws</option>.
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93 Pokud ji neuvedete, <application>MEncoder</application> použije 2: bikubickou.
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94 </para>
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95
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96 <para>
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97 Použití:
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98 <screen>
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99 mencoder <replaceable>vstup.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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100 </screen>
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101 </para>
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102 </sect1>
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103
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104
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105 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy">
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106 <title>Proudové kopírování</title>
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107
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108 <para>
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109 <application>MEncoder</application> může zpracovat vstupní datové proudy dvěma
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110 způsoby:
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111 <emphasis role="bold">enkóduje</emphasis> je, nebo je
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112 <emphasis role="bold">kopíruje</emphasis>. Tato část je o
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113 <emphasis role="bold">kopírování</emphasis>.
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114 </para>
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115
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116 <itemizedlist>
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117 <listitem><para>
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118 <emphasis role="bold">Video proud</emphasis> (volba <option>-ovc copy</option>):
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119 můžete dělat pěkné věci :) Jako umístění (nikoli konverze!) FLI nebo VIVO nebo
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120 MPEG-1 videa do AVI souboru! Samozřejmě takové soubory přehraje pouze
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121 <application>MPlayer</application> :) A proto to nejspíš nemá žádnou rozumnou
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122 hodnotu. A teď vážně: kopírování video proudu může být užitečné například
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123 tehdy, když má být enkódován pouze zvuk (např. nekomprimovaný PCM do MP3).
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124 </para></listitem>
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125 <listitem><para>
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126 <emphasis role="bold">Audio proud</emphasis> (volba <option>-oac copy</option>):
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127 jednoduché. Je možné vzít externí zvukový soubor (MP3, WAV) a namultiplexovat
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128 jej do výstupního proudu. K tomu použijte volbu
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129 <option>-audiofile <replaceable>soubor</replaceable></option>.
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130 </para></listitem>
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131 </itemizedlist>
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132 </sect1>
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133
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134
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135 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images">
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136 <title>Enkódování z množství vstupních obrázkových souborů (JPEG, PNG, TGA, SGI)</title>
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137
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138 <para>
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139 <application>MEncoder</application> je schopen vytvořit film z jednoho nebo více
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140 JPEG, PNG nebo TGA souborů. Pomocí jednoduchého snímkového kopírování může
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141 vytvořit MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) nebo MTGA (Motion TGA) soubory.
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142 </para>
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143
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144 <orderedlist>
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145 <title>Vysvětlení procesu:</title>
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146 <listitem><para>
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147 <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>dekóduje</emphasis> vstupní
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148 soubor(y) pomocí knihovny <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem>
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149 (když dekóduje PNG, použije <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>).
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150 </para></listitem>
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151 <listitem><para>
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152 Potom <application>MEncoder</application> nakrmí dekódovaný snímek do
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153 zvoleného video kompresoru (DivX4, XviD, FFmpeg msmpeg4, atd).
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154 </para></listitem>
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155 </orderedlist>
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156
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157 <formalpara>
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158 <title>Příklady</title>
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159 <para>
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160 Vysvětlení volby <option>-mf</option> je v man stránce.
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161
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162 <informalexample>
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163 <para>
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164 Vytvoření MPEG-4 souboru ze všech JPEG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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165 <screen>
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166 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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167 </screen>
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168 </para>
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169 </informalexample>
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170
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171 <informalexample>
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172 <para>
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173 Vytvoření MPEG-4 souboru z některých JPEG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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174 <screen>
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175 mencoder mf://<replaceable>snímek001.jpg,snímek002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4 -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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176 </screen>
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177 </para>
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178 </informalexample>
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179
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180 <informalexample>
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181 <para>
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182 Vytvoření Motion JPEG (MJPEG) souboru ze všech JPEG souborů v aktuálním
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183 adresáři:
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184 <screen>
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185 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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186 </screen>
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187 </para>
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188 </informalexample>
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189
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190 <informalexample>
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191 <para>
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192 Vytvoření nekomprimovaného souboru ze všech PNG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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193 <screen>
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194 mencoder mf:// -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>
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195 </screen>
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196 </para>
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197 </informalexample>
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198
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199 <note><para>
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200 Šířka musí být celé číslo násobek 4, to je dáno omezením RAW RGB AVI formátu.
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201 </para></note>
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202
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203 <informalexample>
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204 <para>
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205 Vytvoření Motion PNG (MPNG) souboru ze všech PNG souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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206 <screen>
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207 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable> <!--
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208 --></screen>
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209 </para>
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210 </informalexample>
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211
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212 <informalexample>
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213 <para>
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214 Vytvoření Motion TGA (MTGA) souboru ze všech TGA souborů v aktuálním adresáři:
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215 <screen>
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216 mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable><!--
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217 --></screen>
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218 </para>
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219 </informalexample>
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220
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221 </para>
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222 </formalpara>
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223 </sect1>
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224
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225
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226 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub">
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227 <title>Extrakce DVD titulků do VOBsub souboru</title>
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228
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229 <para>
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230 <application>MEncoder</application> je schopen vyextrahovat titulky z DVD do
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231 VOBsub formátovaných souborů. Ty sestávají ze dvou souborů zakončených
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232 <filename>.idx</filename> a <filename>.sub</filename> a jsou obvykle zabaleny
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233 v jediném <filename>.rar</filename> archivu.
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234 <application>MPlayer</application> je umí přehrávat s pomocí voleb
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235 <option>-vobsub</option> a <option>-vobsubid</option>.
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236 </para>
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237
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238 <para>
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239 Zadejte základní jméno (čili bez přípony <filename>.idx</filename> nebo
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240 <filename>.sub</filename>) výstupních souborů pomocí volby
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241 <option>-vobsubout</option> a index pro tyto titulky ve zbývajících souborech
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242 pomocí <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>.
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243 </para>
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244
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245 <para>
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246 Pokud není vstup z DVD, měli byste použít <option>-ifo</option> pro indikaci
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247 <filename>.ifo</filename> souboru nutného k vytvoření výsledného
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248 <filename>.idx</filename> souboru.
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249 </para>
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250
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251 <para>
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252 Pokud vstup není z DVD a nemáte <filename>.ifo</filename> soubor, budete muset
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253 použít volbu <option>-vobsubid</option> k nastavení, pro které id jazyka se má
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254 vytvořit <filename>.idx</filename> soubor.
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255 </para>
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256
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257 <para>
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258 Každým spuštěním se přidají běžící titulky pokud soubory <filename>.idx</filename>
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259 a <filename>.sub</filename> již existují. Takže byste je měli všechny odstranit
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260 dříve než začnete.
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261 </para>
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262
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263 <example>
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264 <title>Kopírování dvojích titulků z DVD během dvouprůchodového enkódování</title>
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265 <screen>
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266 rm titulky.idx titulky.sub
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267 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -vobsubout titulky -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2
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268 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -vobsubout titulky -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!--
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269 --></screen>
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270 </example>
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271
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272 <example>
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273 <title>Kopírování francouzských titulků z MPEG souboru</title>
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274 <screen>
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275 rm titulky.idx titulky.sub
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276 mencoder <replaceable>film.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>film.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout titulky -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1 -nosound -ovc copy
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277 </screen>
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278 </example>
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279
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280 </sect1>
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281
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282 <sect1 id="aspect">
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283 <title>Zachování poměru stran</title>
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284 <para>
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285 DVD a SVCD (čili MPEG-1/2) soubory obsahují hodnotu poměru stran,
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286 popisující, jak by měl přehrávač škálovat video proud, takže lidé nebudou mít
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287 šišaté hlavy (př.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). Pokud ovšem enkódujeme do AVI
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288 (DivX) souborů, mějte na paměti, že AVI hlavičky neukládají tuto hodnotu.
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289 Přeškálování videa je odporné a časově náročné, takže musí být lepší způsob!
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290 </para>
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291
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292 <para>A zde jej máte</para>
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293
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294 <para>
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295 MPEG-4 má unikátní vlastnost: video proud může obsahovat svůj požadovaný poměr
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296 stran. Ano, přesně jako MPEG-1/2 (DVD, SVCD) a H.263 soubory. Naneštěstí,
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297 <emphasis role="bold">žádný</emphasis> video přehrávač nepodporuje tento atribut
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298 MPEG-4, s výjimkou <application>MPlayer</application>u.
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299 </para>
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300
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301 <para>
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302 Tato vlastnost může být použita pouze s kodekem <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> z
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303 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>u.
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304 Mějte na paměti: ačkoli
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305 <application>MPlayer</application> korektně přehraje vytvořený soubor, ostatní
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306 přehrávače použijí špatný poměr stran.
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307 </para>
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308
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309 <para>
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310 Opravdu byste měli oříznout černé okraje nad a pod filmem.
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311 Nastudujte si použití filtrů <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem> a
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312 <systemitem>crop</systemitem> v man stránce.
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313 </para>
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314
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315 <para>
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316 Použití
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317 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>vzorové-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:autoaspect -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable></screen>
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318 </para>
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319 </sect1>
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320
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321
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322 </chapter>