annotate DOCS/formats.html @ 6443:ed50937a1321

Recent changes in configure should take care of the Real lib locations. Hint by Atmos on -users.
author diego
date Sun, 16 Jun 2002 02:56:44 +0000
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children 4b7d097a9c69
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3
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4 <HEAD>
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5 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css">
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6 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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7 </HEAD>
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8
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9 <BODY>
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12 <P><B><A NAME=2.1>2.1. Supported formats</A></B></P>
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13
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14 <P>It is important to clarify a common mistake. When people see a file with a
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15 <B>.AVI</B> extension, they immediately conclude that it is not an MPEG file.
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16 That is not true. At least not entirely. Contrary to popular belief such a file
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17 <B>can</B> contain MPEG1 video.</P>
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18
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19 <P>You see, a <B>codec</B> is not the same as a <B>file format</B>.<BR>
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20 Examples of video <B>codecs</B> are: MPEG1, MPEG2, DivX, Indeo5, 3ivx.<BR>
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21 Examples of file <B>formats</B> are: MPG, AVI, ASF.<BR>
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22 </P>
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23
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24 <P>In theory, you can put an OpenDivX video and MP3 audio
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25 into an <B>MPG</B> format file. However, most players will not play it, since
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26 they expect MPEG1 video and MP2 audio (unlike <B>AVI</B>, <B>MPG</B> does not have the
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27 necessary fields to describe its video and audio streams).
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28 Or you might put MPEG1 video into an AVI file. <A HREF="http://ffmpeg.sourceforge.net">FFmpeg</A>
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29 and <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A> can create these files.</P>
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32
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33 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1>2.1.1. Video formats</A></B></P>
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34
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35
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36 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.1>2.1.1.1. MPEG files</A></B></P>
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37
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38 <P>MPEG files come in different guises:</P>
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39
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40 <UL>
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41 <LI>MPG: This is the most <B>basic</B> form of the MPEG file formats. It contains
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42 MPEG1 video, and MP2 (MPEG-1 layer 2) or rarely MP1 audio.</LI>
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43 <LI>DAT: This is the very same format as MPG with a different extension. It is used
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44 on <B>Video CD</B>s. Due to the way VCDs are created and Linux is designed,
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45 the DAT files cannot be played nor copied from VCDs as regular files. You have
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46 to use the <CODE>-vcd</CODE> option to play the Video CD.</LI>
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47 <LI>VOB: This is the MPEG file format on <B>DVD</B>s. It is the same as MPG, plus the
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48 capability to contain subtitles or non-MPEG (AC3) audio. It contains encoded MPEG2
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49 video and usually AC3 audio, but DTS, MP2 and uncompressed LPCM are allowed, too.<BR>
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50 <B>Read the <A HREF="cd-dvd.html#4.2">DVD section</A> !</B></LI>
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51 </UL>
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52
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53 <P>Series of frames form independent groups in MPEG files. This means that you
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54 can cut/join an MPEG file with standard file tools (like dd, cut), and it
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55 remains completely functional.</P>
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56
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57 <P>One important feature of MPGs is that they have a field to describe
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58 the aspect ratio of the video stream within. For example SVCDs have
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59 480x480 resolution video, and in the header that field is set to 4:3, so that
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60 it is played at 640x480. AVI files do not have this field, so they have to be
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61 rescaled during encoding or played with the <CODE>-aspect</CODE> option.</P>
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62
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63
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64 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.2>2.1.1.2. AVI files</A></B></P>
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65
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66 <P>Designed by Micro$oft, <B>AVI (Audio Video Interleaved)</B> is a
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67 widespread multipurpose format currently used mostly for DivX and DivX4
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68 video. It has many known drawbacks and shortcomings (for example in streaming).
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69 It supports one video stream and 0 to 99 audio streams and can be as big as
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70 2GB. There exists an extension allowing bigger files called <B>OpenDMS</B>.
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71 M$ currently strongly discourages its use and encourages ASF/WMV. Not that
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72 anybody cares.<BR>
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73
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74 <P>There is a hack that allows AVI files to contain an Ogg Vorbis audio
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75 stream, but makes them incompatible with standard AVI. <B>MPlayer</B>
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76 supports playing these files. Seeking is also implemented but severely
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77 hampered by badly encoded files with confusing headers. Unfortunately the
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78 only encoder currently capable of creating these files, nandub, has this
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79 problem.</P>
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80
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81 <P><B>NOTE:</B> DV cameras create raw DV streams that DV grabbing utilities
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82 convert to two different types of AVI files. The AVI will then contain either
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83 separate audio and video streams that <B>MPlayer</B> can play or the raw DV
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84 stream for which support is under development.</P>
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85
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86 <P>There are two kinds of AVI files:</P>
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87 <UL>
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88 <LI><B>Interleaved:</B> Audio and video content is interleaved. This is the
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89 standard usage. Recommended and mostly used. Some tools create interleaved
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90 AVIs with bad sync. <B>MPlayer</B> detects these as interleaved, and this
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91 climaxes in loss of A/V sync, probably at seeking. These files should be
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92 played as non-interleaved (with the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option).</LI>
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93 <LI><B>Non-interleaved:</B> First comes the whole video stream, then the whole
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94 audio stream. It thus needs a lot of seeking, making playing from network or
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95 CD-Rom difficult.</LI>
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96 </UL>
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97
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98 <P><B>MPlayer</B> supports two kinds of timings for AVI files:</P>
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99 <UL>
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100 <LI><B>bps-based</B>: It is based on the bitrate/samplerate of the video/audio stream. This
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101 method is used by most players, including <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net">avifile</A>
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102 and windows media player.
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103 Files with broken headers, and files created with VBR audio but not
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104 VBR-compliant encoder will result in A/V desync with this method (mostly at
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105 seeking).</LI>
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106 <LI><B>interleaving-based</B>: It does not use the bitrate value of the header, instead
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107 it uses the relative position of interleaved audio and video chunks, making
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108 badly encoded files with VBR audio playable.</LI>
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109 </UL>
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110
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111 <P>Any audio and video codec is allowed, but note that VBR audio is not well
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112 supported by most players. The file format makes it possible to use VBR
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113 audio, but most players expect CBR audio, thus they fail with VBR. VBR is
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114 uncommon and Microsoft's AVI specs only describe CBR audio. I also noticed that
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115 most AVI encoders/multiplexers create bad files when using VBR audio. There are only
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116 two exceptions (known to me): NaNDub and <A HREF="encoding.html">MEncoder</A>.</P>
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117
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118
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119 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.3>2.1.1.3. ASF/WMV files</A></B></P>
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120
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121 <P>ASF (active streaming format) comes from Microsoft. They developed two
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122 variants of ASF, v1.0 and v2.0. v1.0 is used by their media tools (windows
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123 media player and windows media encoder) and is very secret. v2.0 is published
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124 and patented :). Of course they differ, there is no compatibility at all (it is
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125 just another legal game). <B>MPlayer</B> supports only v1.0, as nobody has ever seen
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126 v2.0 files :). Note that ASF files nowadays come with the extension .WMA or
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127 .WMV.</P>
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128
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129
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130 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.4>2.1.1.4. QuickTime/MOV files</A></B></P>
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131
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132 <P>These formats were designed by Apple. They usually have a .QT or .MOV extension. Note
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133 that since the MPEG4 group chose QuickTime as the recommended file format
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134 for MPEG4, their MOV files come with a .MPG or .MP4 extension (Interestingly
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135 the video and audio streams in these files are real MPG and AAC files. With the
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136 <CODE>-dumpvideo</CODE> and <CODE>-dumpaudio</CODE> options you can even extract them!).</P>
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137
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138 <P><B>Codecs</B>: Any codec is allowed, both CBR and VBR. Note: most new QuickTime files use
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139 <B>Sorensen</B> video and QDesign Music audio. These formats have not been
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140 disclosed and will probably remain so in the future, making Apple's QuickTime
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141 player the only player able to play these files (on Windows/Mac OS only).</P>
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142
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143
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144 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.5>2.1.1.5. VIVO files</A></B></P>
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145
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146 <P><B>MPlayer</B> happily demuxes VIVO file formats. The biggest disadvantage of
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147 the format is that it has no index block, nor a fixed packet size or sync bytes
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148 and most files lack even keyframes, so forget seeking!</P>
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149
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150 <P>The video codec of VIVO/1.0 files is standard <B>h.263</B>. The video codec
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151 of VIVO/2.0 files is a modified, nonstandard <B>h.263v2</B>. The audio is the same,
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152 it may be <B>g.723</B> (standard), or <B>Vivo Siren</B>.</P>
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153
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154 <P>See the <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.1.4">VIVO video codec</A>
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155 and <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.2.4">VIVO audio codec</A> sections for installation
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156 instructions.</P>
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157
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158
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159 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.6>2.1.1.6. FLI files</A></B></P>
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160
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161 <P><B>FLI</B> is a very old file format used by Autodesk Animator, but it is
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162 a common file format for short animations on the net. <B>MPlayer</B> demuxes
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163 and decodes FLI movies and is even able to seek within them (useful when
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164 looping with the <CODE>-loop</CODE> option). FLI files do not have keyframes, so the picture
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165 will be messy for a short time after seeking.</P>
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166
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167
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168 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.7>2.1.1.7. RealMedia (RM) files</A></B></P>
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169
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170 <P>Yes, <B>MPlayer</B> can read (demux) RealMedia (.rm) files. Seeking works,
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171 but you have to explicitly specify the <CODE>-forceidx</CODE> option
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172 (the format supports keyframes). Here are the lists of the supported
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173 <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.1.8">RealVideo</A>
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174 and <A HREF="codecs.html#2.2.2.5">RealAudio</A> codecs.</P>
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175
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176 <P>It's recommended to download and install RealPlayer8 or RealONE, because
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177 <B>MPlayer</B> can use their libraries to decode files with RealVideo 2.0 or
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178 RealVideo 3.0 video!</P>
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179
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180 <P>NOTE: RealPlayer libraries currently <B>can only be used with Linux or FreeBSD
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181 on the x86 platform</B>!</P>
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182
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183
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184 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.8>2.1.1.8. NuppelVideo files</A></B></P>
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185
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186 <P><A HREF="http://mars.tuwien.ac.at/~roman/nuppelvideo">NuppelVideo</A>
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187 is a TV grabber tool (AFAIK:). <B>MPlayer</B> can read its .NUV
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188 files (only NuppelVideo 5.0). Those files can contain uncompressed YV12,
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189 YV12+RTJpeg compressed, YV12 RTJpeg+lzo compressed, and YV12+lzo compressed
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190 frames. <B>MPlayer</B> decodes (and also <B>encodes</B> them with MEncoder to
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191 DivX/etc!) them all. Seeking works.</P>
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192
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193
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194 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.9>2.1.1.9. yuv4mpeg files</A></B></P>
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195
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196 <P><A HREF="http://mjpeg.sourceforge.net">yuv4mpeg / yuv4mpeg2</A> is
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197 a file format used by the <A HREF="http://mjpeg.sf.net">mjpegtools programs</A>.
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198 You can grab, produce, filter or encode video in this format using these.
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199 The file format is really a sequence of uncompressed YUV 4:2:0 images.
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200 </P>
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201
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202
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203 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.10>2.1.1.10. FILM files</A></B></P>
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204
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205 <P>This format is used on old Sega Saturn CD-Rom games.</P>
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206
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207
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208 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.11>2.1.1.11. RoQ files</A></B></P>
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209
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210 <P>RoQ files are multimedia files used in some ID games such as Quake III and
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211 Return to Castle Wolfenstein.</P>
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212
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213
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214 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.1.12>2.1.1.12. OGG files</A></B></P>
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215
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216 <P>This is a new fileformat from Xiphophorus, developed to contain Vorbis
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217 audio. You'll need <CODE>libogg</CODE> and <CODE>libvorbis</CODE> installed
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218 before compiling <B>MPlayer</B> to be able to play it.</P>
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219
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220
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221 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2>2.1.2. Audio formats</A></B></P>
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222
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223 <P><B>MPlayer</B> is a <B>Movie</B> and not a <B>Media</B> player, although
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224 it can play some audio file formats (they are listed in the sections below).
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225 This is not a recommended usage of <B>MPlayer</B>, you better use
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226 <A HREF="http://www.xmms.org">xmms</A>.</P>
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227
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228
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229 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2.1>2.1.2.1. MP3 files</A></B></P>
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230
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231 <P>You may have problems playing certain MP3 files that <B>MPlayer</B> will
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232 misdetect as MPEGs and play incorrectly or not at all. This cannot be fixed
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233 without dropping support for certain broken MPEG files and thus will remain
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234 like this for the foreseeable future. The <CODE>-demuxer</CODE> flag described
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235 in the manpage may help you in these cases.</P>
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236
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237
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238 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2.2>2.1.2.2. WAV files</A></B></P>
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239
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240
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241 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2.3>2.1.2.3. OGG files (Vorbis)</A></B></P>
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242
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243 <P>Requires properly installed <CODE>libogg</CODE> and
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244 <CODE>libvorbis</CODE>.</P>
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245
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246
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247 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2.4>2.1.2.4. WMA/ASF files</A></B></P>
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248
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249
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250 <P><B><A NAME=2.1.2.5>2.1.2.5. MP4 files</A></B></P>
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251
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252 </BODY>
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253 </HTML>