annotate es/intro.tex @ 610:459dc19bdd98

added some details about the translation
author jerojasro@gamma.miginternacional.com
date Fri, 16 Jan 2009 09:34:45 -0500
parents 98fb436b58c1
children 9da096de3c52
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1 \chapter{Introducción}
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2 \label{chap:intro}
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3
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4 \section{Acerca del control de revisiones}
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5
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6 El control de revisiones es el proceso de administrar diferentes
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7 versiones de una pieza de información. En su forma más simple es algo
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8 que la mayoría de gente hace a mano: cada vez que usted modifica un
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9 fichero, lo graba con un nuevo nombre que contiene un número, cada uno
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10 mayor que el anterior.
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11
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12 Administrar manualmente muchas versiones de incluso sólo un fichero es una tarea
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13 propensa a errores, a pesar de que hace bastante tiempo hay
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14 herramientas que ayudan en este proceso. Las primeras herramientas
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15 para automatizar el control de revisiones fueron pensadas para que un
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16 usuario administrara un solo fichero. En las décadas pasadas, el
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17 alcance de las herramientas de control de revisiones ha ido aumentando
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18 considerablemente; ahora manejan muchos ficheros y facilitan el
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19 trabajo en conjunto de varias personas. Las mejores herramientas de
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20 control de revisiones de la actualidad no tienen problema con miles de
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21 personas trabajando en proyectos que consisten de cientos de miles de
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22 ficheros.
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23
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24 \subsection{¿Por qué usar control de revisiones?}
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25
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26 Hay muchas razones por las cuales usted o su equipo desearía usar una
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27 herramienta automática de control de revisiones para un proyecto.
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28 \begin{itemize}
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29 %TODO historia
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30 \item Llevar registro de la historia y la evolución de su proyecto, para
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31 evitar hacer la tarea manualmente. Por cada cambio, tendrá una
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32 bitácora de \emph{quién} lo hizo; \emph{por qué} se hizo;
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33 \emph{cuándo} se hizo; y de \emph{qué} se trataba el cambio.
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34 \item Cuando trabaja con más personas, los programas de control de
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35 revisiones facilitan la colaboración. Por ejemplo, cuando varias
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36 personas hacen cambios potencialmente incompatibles de forma casi
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37 simultánea, el programa le ayudará a identificar y resolver tales
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38 conflictos.
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39 \item Puede ayudarle a recuperarse de equivocaciones. Si aplica un
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40 cambio que posteriormente se evidencia como un error, puede
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41 revertirlo a una versión previa a uno o muchos ficheros. De hecho,
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42 una herramienta \emph{realmente} buena, incluso puede ayudarle
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43 efectivamente a darse cuenta exactamente cuándo se introdujo el
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44 error (para más detalles ver la sección~\ref{sec:undo:bisect}).
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45 \item Le ayudará a trabajar simultáneamente, y a manejar las diferencias
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46 entre múltiples versiones de su proyecto.
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47 \end{itemize}
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48 La mayoría de estas razones son igualmente válidas ---por lo menos en
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49 teoría--- así esté trabajando en un proyecto solo usted, o con mucha gente.
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50
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51 Algo fundamental acerca de lo práctico de un sistema de control de
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52 revisiones en estas dos escalas (``un hacker solitario'' y ``un equipo
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53 gigantesco'') es cómo se comparan los \emph{beneficios} con los
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54 \emph{costos}. Una herramienta de control de revisiones que sea
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55 difícil de entender o usar impondrá un costo alto.
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57 Un proyecto de quinientas personas es muy propenso a colapsar
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58 solamente con su peso inmediatamente sin una herramienta y un proceso
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59 de control de versiones. En este caso, el costo de usar control de
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60 revisiones ni siquiera se tiene en cuenta, puesto que \emph{sin} él,
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61 el fracaso está casi garantizado.
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63 Por otra parte, un ``arreglo rápido'' de una sola persona, excluiría
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64 la necesidad de usar una herramienta de control de revisiones, porque
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65 casi seguramente, el costo de usar una estaría cerca del costo del
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66 proyecto. ¿No es así?
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68 Mercurial soporta \emph{ambas} escalas de de desarrollo de manera
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69 única. Puede aprender lo básico en pocos minutos, y dado su bajo
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70 sobrecosto, puede aplicar el control de revisiones al proyecto más
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71 pequeño con facilidad. Su simplicidad significa que no tendrá que
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72 preocuparse por conceptos obtusos o secuencias de órdenes compitiendo
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73 por espacio mental con lo que sea que \emph{realmente} esté tratando
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74 de hacer. Al mismo tiempo, Mercurial tiene alto desempeño y su
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75 %TODO distribuida? en vez de p2p
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76 naturaleza peer-to-peer le permite escalar indoloramente para manejar
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77 grandes proyectos.
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78
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79 Ninguna herramienta de control de revisiones puede salvar un
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80 proyecto mal administrado, pero la elección de herramientas puede
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81 hacer una gran diferencia en la fluidez con la cual usted puede
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82 trabajar en un proyecto.
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83
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84 \subsection{La cantidad de nombres del control de revisiones}
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85
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86 El control de revisiones es un campo amplio, tan amplio que no hay un
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87 acrónimo o nombre único. A continuación presentamos un listado de
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88 nombres comunes y acrónimos que se podrían encontrar:
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89 \begin{itemize}
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90 \item Control de revisiones (RCS)
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91 \item Manejo de Configuraciones de Programas (SCM), o administracón de
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92 configuraciones
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93 \item Administración de código fuente
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94 \item Control de Código Fuente, o Control de Fuentes
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95 \item Control de Versiones (VCS)
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96 \end{itemize}
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97 Algunas personas aducen que estos términos tienen significados
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98 diversos, pero en la práctica se sobrelapan tanto que no hay una
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99 forma acordada o incluso adecuada de separarlos.
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100
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101 \section{Historia resumida del control de revisiones}
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102
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103 La herramienta de control de revisiones más antigua conocida es SCCS
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104 (Sistema de Control de Código), escrito por Marc Rochkind en Bell
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105 Labs, a comienzos de los setentas (1970s). SCCS operaba sobre ficheros
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106 individuales, y requería que cada persona que trabajara en el proyecto
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107 tuviera acceso a un espacio compartido en un solo sistema. Solamente
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108 una persona podía modificar un fichero en un momento dado; el
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109 arbitramiento del acceso a los ficheros se hacía con candados. Era
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110 común que la gente pusiera los candados a los ficheros, y que
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111 posteriormente olvidara quitarlos, impidiendo que otro pudiera
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112 modificar los ficheros en cuestión sin la intervención del
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113 administrador.
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114
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115 Walter Tichy desarrolló una alternativa gratuita a SCCS a comienzos
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116 de los ochentas (1980s); llamó a su programa RCS (Sistema de Control de
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117 Revisiones). Al igual que SCCS, RCS requería que los desarrolladores
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118 trabajaran en un único espacio compartido y colocaran candados a los
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119 ficheros para evitar que varias personas los modificaran
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120 simultáneamente.
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121
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122 Después en los ochenta, Dick Grune usó RCS como un bloque de
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123 construcción para un conjunto de guiones de línea de comando, que
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124 inicialmente llamó cmt, pero que renombró a CVS (Sistema Concurrente de
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125 Versiones). La gran innovación de CVS era que permitía a los
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126 desarrolladores trabajar simultáneamente de una forma más o menos
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127 independiente en sus propios espacios de trabajo. Los espacios de
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128 trabajo personales impedían que los desarrolladores se pisaran las
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129 mangueras todo el tiempo, situación común con SCCS y RCS. Cada
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130 desarrollador tenía una copia de todos los ficheros del proyecto y podía
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131 modificar sus copias independientemente, Tenían que fusionar sus
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132 ediciones antes de consignar los cambios al repositorio central.
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133
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134 Brian Berliner tomó los scripts originales de Grune y los reescribió
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135 en~C, publicando en 1989 el código sobre el cual se ha
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136 desarrollado la versión moderna de CVS. CVS adquirió posteriormente
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137 la habilidad de operar sobre una conexión de red, dotándolo de una
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138 arquitectura, cliente/servidor. La arquitectura de CVS es
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139 %TODO historia/historial
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140 centralizada; La historia del proyecto está únicamente en el
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141 repositorio central. Los espacios de trabajo de los clientes
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142 contienen únicamente copias recientes de las versiones de los
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143 ficheros, y pocos metadatos para indicar dónde está el servidor. CVS
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144 ha tenido un éxito enorme; Es probablemente el sistema de control de
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145 revisiones más extendido del planeta.
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146
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147 A comienzos de los noventa~(1990s), Sun MicroSystems desarrollo un
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148 temprano sistema distribuido de control de revisiones llamado
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149 TeamWare.
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150 Un espacio de trabajo TeamWare contiene una copia completa de la
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151 historia del proyecto. TeamWare no tiene la noción de repositorio
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152 central. (CVS se basaba en RCS para el almacenamiento de su historia;
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153 TeamWare usaba SCCS.)
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154
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155 A medida que avanzaba la decada de los noventa, se empezó a
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156 evidenciar los problemas de CVS. Almacena cambios simultáneos a muchos
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157 ficheros de forma individual, en lugar de agruparlos como una
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158 operación única y atómica lógicamente. No maneja bien su jerarquía de
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159 ficheros; es fácil desordenar un repositorio al renombrar ficheros
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160 y directorios. Peor aún, su código fuente es difícil de leer y
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161 mantener, lo que hizo que su ``umbral de dolor'' para arreglar sus
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162 problemas arquitecturales fuera algo prohibitivo.
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163
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164 En 2001, Jim Blandy y Karl Fogel, dos desarrolladores que habían
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165 trabajado en CVS, comenzaron un proyecto para reemplazarlo con una
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166 herramienta con mejor arquitectura y código más limpio. El resultado,
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167 Subversion, no se separó del modelo centralizado cliente/servidor de
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168 CVS, pero añadió consignaciones atómicas de varios ficheros, mejor
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169 manejo de espacios de nombres , y otras características que lo hacen
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170 mejor que CVS. Desde su versión inicial, ha ido creciendo en
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171 popularidad rápidamente.
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172
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173 Más o menos en forma simultánea Graydon Hoare comenzó a trabajar en un
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174 ambicioso sistema distribuido de control de versiones que llamó
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175 Monotone. Mientras que Monotone se enfocaba a evitar algunas fallas de
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176 diseño de CVS con una arquitectura peer-to-peer, fue mucho más
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177 allá de las herramientas anteriores (y posteriores) de
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178 control de revisiones en varios aspectos innovadores. Usa hashes
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179 criptográficos como identificadores, y tiene una noción integral de
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180 ``confianza'' para código de diversas fuentes.
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181
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182 Mercurial nació en el 2005. Algunos de sus aspectos de de diseño
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183 fueron influenciados por Monotone, pero Mercurial se enfoca en la
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184 facilidad de uso, gran rendimiento y escalabilidad para proyectos muy
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185 grandes.
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186
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187 \section{Tendencias en el control de revisiones}
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188
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189 Ha habido una tendencia inconfundible en el desarrollo y uso de las herramientas
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190 de control de revisiones en las cuatro décadas pasadas, mientras la
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191 gente se ha hecho familiar con las capacidades de sus herramientas y
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192 se ha visto restringida por sus limitaciones.
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193
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194 La primera generación comenzó administrando ficheros individuales en
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195 computadores por persona. A pesar de que tales herramientas
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196 representaron un avance importante frente al control de revisiones
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197 manual, su modelo de candados y la dependencia a un sólo computador
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198 los limitó a equipos de trabajo pequeños y acoplados.
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199
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200 La segunda generación dejó atrás esas limitaciones moviéndose a
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201 arquitecturas centradas en redes, y administrando proyectos completos
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202 a la vez. A medida que los proyectos crecían, nacieron nuevos
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203 problemas. Con la necesidad de comunicación frecuente con los
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204 servidores, escalar estas máquinas se convirtió en un problema en
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205 proyectos realmente grandes. Las redes con poca estabilidad podrían
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206 impedir que usuarios remotos se conectaran al servidor. A medida que
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207 los
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208 proyectos de código abierto comenzaron a ofrecer acceso de sólo lectura
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209 de forma anónima a cualquiera, la gente sin permiso para consignar
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210 vio que no podían usar tales herramientas para interactuar en un
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211 proyecto de forma natural, puesto que no podían guardar sus cambios.
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212
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213 La generación actual de herramientas de control de revisiones es
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214 peer-to-peer por naturaleza. Todos estos sistemas han eliminado la
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215 dependencia de un único servidor central, y han permitido que la
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216 gente distribuya sus datos de control de revisiones donde realmente se
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217 necesita. La colaboración a través de Internet ha cambiado las
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218 limitantes tecnológicas por la cuestión de elección y consenso. Las
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219 herramientas modernas pueden operar sin conexión indefinidamente y
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220 autónomamente, necesitando una conexión de red solamente para
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221 sincronizar los cambios con otro repositorio.
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222
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223 \section{Algunas ventajas del control distribuido de revisiones}
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224
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225 A pesar de que las herramientas para el control distribuido de
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226 revisiones lleva varios años siendo tan robustas y usables como la
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227 generación previa de sus contrapartes, algunas personas que usan las
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228 herramientas más antiguas no se han percatado de sus ventajas. Hay
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229 gran cantidad
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230 de situaciones en las cuales las herramientas distribuidas brillan
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231 frente a las centralizadas.
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232
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233 Para un desarrollador individual, las herramientas distribuidas casi
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234 siempre son más rápidas que las centralizadas. Por una razón sencilla:
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235 Una herramienta centralizada necesita comunicarse por red para las
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236 operaciones más usuales, debido a que los metadatos se almacenan en
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237 una sola copia en el servidor central. Una herramienta distribuida
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238 almacena todos sus metadatos localmente. Con todo lo demás de la
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239 misma forma, comunicarse por red tiene un sobrecosto en una
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240 herramienta centralizada. No subestime el valor de una herramienta de
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241 respuesta rápida: Usted empleará mucho tiempo interactuando con su
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242 programa de control de revisiones.
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243
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244 Las herramientas distribuidas son indiferentes a los caprichos de su
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245 infraestructura de servidores, de nuevo, debido a la replicación de
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246 metadatos en tantos lugares. Si usa un sistema centralizado y su
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247 servidor explota, ojalá los medios físicos de su copia de seguridad
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248 sean confiables, y que su última copia sea reciente y además
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249 funcione. Con una herramienta distribuida tiene tantas copias de
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250 seguridad disponibles como computadores de contribuidores.
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251
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252 La confiabilidad de su red afectará las herramientas distribuidas de
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253 una forma mucho menor que a las herramientas centralizadas. Usted no puede
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254 siquiera usar una herramienta centralizada sin conexión de red,
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255 excepto por algunas órdenes muy limitadas. Con herramientas
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256 distribuidas, si sus conexión cae mientras usted está trabajando,
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257 podría nisiquiera darse cuenta. Lo único que que no podrá hacer es
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258 comunicarse con repositorios en otros computadores, algo que es
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259 relativamente raro comparado con las operaciones locales. Si tiene
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260 colaboradores remotos en su equipo, puede ser importante.
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261
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262 \subsection{Ventajas para proyectos de código abierto}
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263
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264 Si descubre un proyecto de código abierto y decide que desea comenzar
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265 a trabajar en él, y ese proyecto usa una herramienta de control
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266 distribuido de revisiones, usted es de inmediato un par con la gente que se
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267 considera el ``alma'' del proyecto. Si ellos publican sus
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268 %TODO historia/historial
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269 repositorios, usted puede copiar inmediatamente la historia del proyecto,
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270 hacer cambios y guardar su trabajo, usando las mismas herramientas de
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271 la misma forma que ellos. En contraste, con una herramienta
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272 centralizada, usted debe usar el programa en un modo ``sólo lectura'' a
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273 menos que alguien le otorgue permisos para consignar cambios en el
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274 repositorio central. Hasta entonces, no podrá almacenar sus cambios y
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275 sus modificaciones locales correrán el riesgo de dañarse cuando trate
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276 de actualizar su vista del repositorio.
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277
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278 \subsubsection{Las bifurcaciones (forks) no son un problema}
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279
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280 Se ha mencionado que las herramientas de control distribuido de
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281 versiones albergan un riesgo a los proyectos de código abierto, puesto
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282 que se vuelve muy sencillo hacer una ``bifurcación''\ndt{fork.} del
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283 desarrollo del proyecto. Una bifurcación sucede cuando hay diferencias
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284 de opinión o actitud entre grupos de desarrolladores que desemboca en
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285 la decisión de la imposibilidad de continuar trabajando juntos. Cada
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286 parte toma una copia más o menos completa del código fuente del
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287 proyecto y toma su propio rumbo.
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288
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289 En algunas ocasiones los líderes de las bifurcaciones reconcilian sus
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290 diferencias. Con un sistema centralizado de control de revisiones, el
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291 proceso \emph{técnico} de reconciliarse es doloroso, y se hace de
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292 %TODO historia/historial
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293 forma muy manual. Usted tiene que decidir qué historia de revisiones va a
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294 ``ganar'', e injertar los cambios del otro equipo en el árbol de alguna
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295 %TODO historia/historial
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296 manera. Con esto usualmente se pierde algo o todo del historial de la
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297 revisión de alguna de las partes.
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298
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299 Lo que las herramientas distribuidas hacen con respecto a las
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300 bifurcaciones, es que las bifurcaciones son la \emph{única} forma de
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301 desarrollar un proyecto. Cada cambio que usted hace es potencialmente
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302 un punto de bifurcación. La gran fortaleza de esta aproximación es que
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303 las herramientas distribuidas de control de revisiones tiene que ser
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304 bueno al \emph{fusionar} las bifurcaciones, porque las bifurcaciones
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305 son absolutamente fundamentales: pasan todo el tiempo.
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306
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307 Si todas las porciones de trabajo que todos hacen, todo el tiempo, se
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308 enmarcan en términos de bifurcaciones y fusiones, entonces a aquello a
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309 lo que se refiere en el mundo del código abierto a una ``bifurcación''
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310 se convierte \emph{puramente} en una cuestión social. Lo que hacen las
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311 herramientas distribuidas es \emph{disminuir} la posibilidad de una
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312 bifurcación porque:
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313 \begin{itemize}
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314 \item Eliminan la distinción social que imponen las herramientas
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315 centralizadas: aquélla entre miembros (personas con permiso de
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316 consignar) y forasteros (los que no tienen el permiso).
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317 \item Facilitan la reconciliación después de una bifurcación social,
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318 porque todo lo que concierne al programa de control de revisiones es
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319 una fusión.
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320 \end{itemize}
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321
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322 Algunas personas se resisten a las herramientas distribuidas porque
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323 desean mantener control completo sobre sus proyectos, y creen que las
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324 herramientas centralizadas les dan tal control. En todo caso, si este
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325 es su parecer, y usted publica sus repositorios de CVS o Subversion, hay
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326 muchas herramientas disponibles que pueden obtener la historia
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327 completa (aunque sea lentamente) y recrearla en otro sitio que usted no
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328 controla. Siendo así un control ilusorio, puesto que está impidiendo
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329 la fluidez de colaboración en lugar de prevenir que alguien se sienta
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330 impulsado a obtener una copia y hacer una bifurcación con su historia.
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331
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332 \subsection{Ventajas para proyectos comerciales}
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333
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334 Muchos proyectos comerciales tienen grupos de trabajo distribuidos
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335 alrededor del globo. Quienes contribuyen y están lejos de un
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336 repositorio central verán una ejecución más lenta de los comandos y tal
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337 vez menos confiabilidad. Los sistemas de control de revisión
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338 comerciales intentan amortiguar estos problemas con adiciones de
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339 replicación remota que usualmente son muy costosos y complicados de
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340 administrar. Un sistema distribuido no padece estos problemas. Mejor
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341 aún, puede colocar varios servidores autorizados, por ejemplo, uno por
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342 sitio, de tal forma que no haya comunicación redundante entre
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343 repositorios sobre enlaces de conexión costosos.
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344
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345 Los sistemas de control de revisiones distribuidos tienden a ser poco
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346 escalables. No es inusual que costosos sistemas centralizados caigan
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347 ante la carga combinada de unas cuantas docenas de usuarios
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348 concurrentes. De nuevo, las respuestas típicas de replicación tienden
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349 a ser costosas y complejas de instalar y administrar. Dado que la
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350 carga en un servidor central---si es que tiene uno---es muchas veces
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351 menor con una herramienta distribuida (debido a que los datos están
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352 replicados en todas partes), un solo servidor económico puede tratar
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353 las necesidades de equipos mucho más grandes, y la replicación para
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354 balancear la carga se vuelve cosa de guiones.
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355
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356 Si tiene un empleado en el campo, se beneficiará grandemente de un
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357 sistema distribuido de control de versiones al resolver problemas en
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358 el sitio del cliente. La herramienta le permitirá generar
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359 construcciones a la medida, probar diferentes arreglos de forma
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360 independiente y buscar de forma eficiente las fuentes de fallos en la
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361 historia y regresiones en los ambientes de los clientes, todo sin
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362 necesidad de conectarse al servidor de su compañía.
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363
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364 \section{¿Por qué elegir Mercurial?}
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365
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366 Mercurial cuenta con un conjunto único de propiedades que lo hacen
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367 una elección particularmente buena como sistema de control de
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368 revisiones, puesto que:
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369 \begin{itemize}
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370 \item Es fácil de aprender y usar.
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371 \item Es liviano.
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372 \item Escala de forma excelente.
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373 \item Es fácil de acondicionar.
501
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374 \end{itemize}
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375
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376 Si los sistemas de control de revisiones le son familiares, debería
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377 estar listo para usar Mercurial en menos de cinco minutos. Si no, sólo va a
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378 tomar unos pocos minutos más. Las órdenes de Mercurial y su conjunto
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379 de características son uniformes y consistentes generalmente, y basta
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380 con que siga unas pocas reglas generales en lugar de un montón de
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381 excepciones.
501
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382
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383 En un proyecto pequeño, usted puede comenzar a trabajar con Mercurial en
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384 pocos momentos. Crear nuevos cambios y ramas, transferir cambios (localmente
506
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385 o por la red); y las operaciones relacionadas con el estado y la
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386 historia son rápidas. Mercurial buscar ser ligero y no incomodar en su
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387 camino combinando poca sobrecarga cognitiva con operaciones
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388 asombrosamente rápidas.
501
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389
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390 La utilidad de Mercurial no se limita a proyectos pequeños: está
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391 siendo usado por proyectos con centenas de miles de contribuyentes,
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392 cada uno conteniendo decenas de miles de ficheros y centenas de
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393 megabytes de código fuente
501
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394
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395 Si la funcionalidad básica de Mercurial no es suficiente para usted,
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396 es muy fácil extenderlo. Mercurial se comporta muy bien con tareas de
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397 scripting y su limpieza interna junto con su implementación en Python
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398 permiten añadir características fácilmente en forma de extensiones.
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399 Hay un buen número de extensiones útiles y populares en este momento,
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400 desde ayudar a identificar fallos hasta mejorar su desempeño.
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401
506
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402 \section{Comparación de Mercurial con otras herramientas}
501
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403
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404 Antes de leer, por favor tenga en cuenta que esta sección
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405 necesariamente refleja mis propias experiencias, intereses y (tengo que
506
8b564f6f57f2 Translating Subversion Vs. Mercurial
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406 decirlo) mis preferencias. He usado cada una de las herramientas de
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diff changeset
407 control de versiones listadas a continuación, y en muchos casos por
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diff changeset
408 varios años.
501
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diff changeset
409
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410
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411 \subsection{Subversion}
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412
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413 Subversion es una herramienta de control de revisiones muy popular,
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414 desarrollada para reemplazar a CVS. Tiene una arquitectura
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415 centralizada tipo cliente/servidor.
501
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diff changeset
416
608
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417 Subversion y Mercurial tienen comandos con nombres similares para hacer
506
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418 las mismas operaciones, por lo que si le son familiares en una, será
8b564f6f57f2 Translating Subversion Vs. Mercurial
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diff changeset
419 sencillo aprender a usar la otra. Ambas herramientas son portables en
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diff changeset
420 todos los sistemas operativos populares.
501
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421
506
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422 Antes de la versión 1.5, Subversion no tenía soporte para fusiones. En
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423 el momento de la escritura, sus capcidades para llevar cuenta de las
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diff changeset
424 funciones son nuevas,
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425 \href{http://svnbook.red-bean.com/nightly/en/svn.branchmerge.advanced.html#svn.branchmerge.advanced.finalword}{complicadas
508
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426 y poco estables\ndt{buggy}}.
501
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diff changeset
427
608
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428 Mercurial tiene una ventaja considerable en desempeño sobre
506
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429 Subversion en cualquier operación de control de revisiones que yo haya
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diff changeset
430 medido. He medido sus ventajas con factores desde dos hasta seis veces
507
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diff changeset
431 comparando con almacenamiento de ficheros \emph{ra\_local}
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432 Subversion~1.4.3, el cual es el método de acceso más rápido. En los
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
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diff changeset
433 escenarios más realistas incluyendo almacenamiento con la red de por
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diff changeset
434 medio, Subversion se encuentra en desventaja aún mayor. Dado que casi
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diff changeset
435 todas las órdenes de Subversion deben tratar con el servidor y
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diff changeset
436 Subversion no tiene utilidades de replicación adecuadas, la capacidad
506
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diff changeset
437 del servidor y el ancho de banda se convierten en cuellos de botella
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diff changeset
438 para proyectos modestamente grandes.
501
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diff changeset
439
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
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diff changeset
440 Adicionalmente, Subversion tiene un sobrecosto considerable en
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
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diff changeset
441 almacenamiento para evitar transacciones por red en algunas
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parents: 575
diff changeset
442 operaciones,
609
98fb436b58c1 corrected some typos
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 608
diff changeset
443 tales como encontrar ficheros modificados (\texttt{status}) y desplegar
98fb436b58c1 corrected some typos
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 608
diff changeset
444 información frente a la revisión actual (\texttt{diff}). Como
506
8b564f6f57f2 Translating Subversion Vs. Mercurial
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diff changeset
445 resultado, la copia de trabajo de Subversion termina siendo del mismo
8b564f6f57f2 Translating Subversion Vs. Mercurial
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diff changeset
446 tamaño o más grande que un repositorio de Mercurial y el directorio de
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diff changeset
447 trabajo, a pesar de que el repositorio de Mercurial contiene la
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diff changeset
448 historia completa del proyecto.
501
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diff changeset
449
506
8b564f6f57f2 Translating Subversion Vs. Mercurial
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diff changeset
450 Subversion tiene soporte amplio de otras herramientas. Mercurial por
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diff changeset
451 ahora está bastante atrás en este aspecto. Esta diferencia está
508
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diff changeset
452 disminuyendo, y algunas de las herramientas GUI\ndt{Interfaz de
506
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diff changeset
453 Usuario Gráfica}, eclipsan sus equivalentes de Subversion. Al igual
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diff changeset
454 que Mercurial, Subversion tiene un excelente manual de usuario.
501
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diff changeset
455
507
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diff changeset
456 Dado que Subversion no almacena la historia de revisiones en el
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
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parents: 506
diff changeset
457 cliente, es muy bueno para administrar proyectos que tienen muchos
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parents: 506
diff changeset
458 ficheros binarios grandes y opacos. Si consigna cincuenta revisiones
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parents: 506
diff changeset
459 de un fichero de 10MB que no es comprimible, el esapacio en el cliente
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parents: 506
diff changeset
460 de Subversion se mantendrá constante mientras que el espacio usado por
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parents: 506
diff changeset
461 cualquier Sistema Distribuido de Control de Revisiones crecerá
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
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parents: 506
diff changeset
462 rápidamente en proporción con el número de revisiones, debido a que
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parents: 506
diff changeset
463 las diferencias entre cada revisión es grande.
501
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diff changeset
464
507
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diff changeset
465 Adicionalmente, generalmente es difícil o más bien, imposible mezclar
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parents: 506
diff changeset
466 diferentes versiones de un fichero binario. La habilidad de Subversion
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parents: 506
diff changeset
467 para permitirle al usuario poner una cerradura a un fichero, de modo
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
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parents: 506
diff changeset
468 que tenga un permiso exclusivo para consignar cambios, puede ser una
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
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parents: 506
diff changeset
469 ventaja significativa en un proyecto donde los ficheros binarios sean
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parents: 506
diff changeset
470 usados ampliamente.
501
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diff changeset
471
507
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diff changeset
472 Mercurial puede importar la historia de revisiones de un repositorio
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
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parents: 506
diff changeset
473 de Subversion. También puede exportar historia de revisiones a un
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parents: 506
diff changeset
474 repositorio de Subversion. De esta forma es sencillo ``dar un
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parents: 506
diff changeset
475 vistazo'' y usar Mercurial y Subversion en paralelo antes de decidirse
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
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parents: 506
diff changeset
476 a dar el paso. La conversión de la historia es incremental, de modo
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parents: 506
diff changeset
477 que puede aplicar una conversión inicial, y después conversiones
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
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parents: 506
diff changeset
478 pequeñas y adicionales posteriormente para traer nuevos cambios.
501
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parents: 432
diff changeset
479
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parents: 432
diff changeset
480 \subsection{Git}
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diff changeset
481
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
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diff changeset
482 Git es una herramienta distribuida de control de revisiones
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
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diff changeset
483 desarrollada para administrar el arbol del kernel de Linux. Al igual
507
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parents: 506
diff changeset
484 que Mercurial los principios de su diseño fueron influenciados por
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parents: 506
diff changeset
485 Monotone.
501
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
486
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
487 Git tiene un conjunto de órdenes muy grande; en la versión~1.5.0
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
488 ofrece~139 órdenes individuales. Tiene cierta reputación de ser
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
489 difícil de aprender. Comparado con Git, Mercurial tiene un fuerte
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
490 enfoque hacia la facilidad.
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
491
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
492 En términos de rendimiento, Git es extremadamente rápido. En muchos
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
493 casos, es más rápido que Mercurial, por lo menos en Linux, mientras
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
494 que Mercurial se comporta mejor en otras operaciones. De todas
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
495 maneras en Windows, el desempeño y el nivel general de soporte que
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
496 ofrece Git, al momento de la escritura, está bastante atrás de
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
497 Mercurial.
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
498
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
499 Mientras que el repositorio de Mercurial no requiere mantenimiento, el
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
500 repositorio de Git requiere frecuentes ``reempaquetados'' de sus metadatos.
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
501 Sin estos, el desempeño se degrada y el uso de espacio crece rápidamente. Un
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
502 servidor que contenga repositorios de Git que no sean reempacados
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
503 rigurosa y frecuentemente requerirá trabajo intenso de disco durante
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
504 las copias de seguridad, y ha habido situaciones en copias de
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
505 seguridad diaria que toman más de~24 horas como resultado. Un
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
506 repositorio recién reempacado de Git es un poco más pequeño que un
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
507 repositorio de Mercurial, pero un repositorio sin reempacar es varios
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
508 órdenes de magnitud más grande.
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
509
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
510 El corazón de Git está escrito en C. Muchas órdenes de Git están
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
511 implementadas como guiones de línea de comandos o de Perl y la calidad de esos
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
512 guiones varía ampliamente. He encontrado muchas situaciones en las
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
513 cuales los guiones no tuvieron en cuenta la presencia de errores que
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
514 podrían haber sido fatales.
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
515
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
516 Mercurial puede importar el historial de revisiones de un repositorio
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
517 de Git.
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
518
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
519 \subsection{CVS}
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
520
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
521 CVS es probablemente la herramienta de control de revisiones más
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
522 ampliamente usada en el planeta. Debido a su edad y su poca pulcritud
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
523 interna, ha sido ligeramente mantenida en muchos años.
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
524
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
525 Tiene una arquitectura centralizada cliente/servidor. No agrupa
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
526 cambios relacionados en consignaciones atómicas, pemitiendo que con
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
527 facilidad la gente ``rompa la construcción'': una persona puede
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
528 consignar exitósamente parte del cambio y estar bloqueada por la
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
529 necesidad de una mezcla, forzando a otras personas a ver solamente una
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
530 porción del trabajo que estaban buscando hacer. Esto afecta también
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
531 %TODO historia/historial
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
532 la forma como usted trabaja con la historia del proyecto. Si quiere
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
533 ver todas las modificaciones que alguien hizo como parte de una tarea,
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
534 necesitará inspeccionar manualmente las descripciones y las marcas de
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
535 tiempo de cambio de cada fichero involucrado (esto, si usted saber
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
536 cuáles eran tales ficheros).
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
537
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
538 CVS tiene una noción confusa de etiquetas y ramas que yo no trataría
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
539 incluso de describir. No soporta renombramiento de ficheros o
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
540 directorios adecuadamente, facilitando el corromper un
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
541 repositorio. Casi no tiene chequeo de consistencia interna, por lo
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
542 tanto es casi imposible identificar por que o cómo se corrompió un
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
543 repositorio. Yo no recomendaría un repositorio de CVS para proyecto
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
544 alguno, ni existente ni nuevo.
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
545
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
546 Mercurial puede importar la historia de revisiones de CVS. De todas
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
547 maneras hay ciertas precauciones que aplican; las cuales también son
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
548 necesarias para cualquier herramienta importadora de historial de
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
549 CVS. Debido a la falta de atomicidad de cambios y el no versionamiento
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
550 de la jerarquía del sistema de ficheros, es imposible reconstruir
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
551 completamente la historia de CVS con precisión; hay cierto trabajo de
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
552 conjetura involucrado y los renombramientos tampoco se
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
553 mostrarán. Debido a que gran parte de la administración avanzada de
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
554 CVS tiene que hacerse manualmente y por lo tanto es proclive al error,
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
555 es común que los importadores de CVS encuentren muchos problemas con
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
556 repositorios corruptos (marcas de tiempo totalmente desubicadas y
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
557 ficheros que han permanecido con candados por más de una década son
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
558 dos de los problemas menos interesantes de los que puedo retomar de mi
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
559 experiencia personal).
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
560
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
561 %TODO historia/historial
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
562 Mercurial puede importar la historia de revisiones de un repositorio
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
563 CVS.
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
564
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
565 \subsection{Herramientas comerciales}
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
566
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
567 Perforce tiene una arquitectura centralizada cliente/servidor sin
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
568 almacenamiento de dato alguno de caché en el lado del cliente. A diferencia de
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
569 las herramientas modernas de control de revisiones, Perforce requiere
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
570 que un usuario ejecute un comando para informar al servidor acerca de
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
571 todo fichero que se vaya a editar.
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
572
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
573 El rendimiento de Perforce es muy bueno para equipos pequeños, pero se
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
574 degrada rápidamente cuando el número de usuarios va más allá de pocas
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
575 docenas. Instalaciones modestamente grandes de Perforce requiere la
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
576 organización de proxies para soportar la carga que sus usuarios generan.
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
577
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
578 \subsection{Elegir una herramienta de control de revisiones}
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
579
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
580 Con la excepción de CVS, toda las herramientas que se han listado
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
581 anteriormente tienen fortalezas únicas que las hacen valiosas de acuerdo al
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
582 tipo de trabajo. No hay una única herramienta de control de revisiones
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
583 que sea la mejor en todas las situaciones.
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
584
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
585 Por ejemplo, Subversion es una buena elección para trabajar con
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
586 edición frecuente de ficheros binarios, debido a su naturaleza
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
587 centralizada y soporte para poner candados a ficheros.
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
588
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
589 Personalmente encuentro las propiedades de simplicidad, desempeño, y
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
590 buen soporte de fusiones de Mercurial una combinación llamativa que ha
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
591 dado buenos frutos por varios años.
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
592
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
593
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
594 \section{Migrar de otra herramienta hacia Mercurial}
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
595
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
596 Mercurial viene con una extensión llamada \hgext{convert}, que puede
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
597 importar historiales de revisiones de forma incremental desde varias
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
598 herramientas de control de revisiones. Por ``incremental'', quiero
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
599 decir que puede migrar toda la historia de un proyecto en una primera
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
600 instancia y después volver a ejecutar la migración posteriormente para
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
601 obtener los nuevos cambios que han sucedido después de la migración
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
602 inicial.
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
603
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
604 A continuación presentamos las herramientas de revisiones que soporta
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
605 el comando \hgext{convert}:
501
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
606 \begin{itemize}
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
607 \item Subversion
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
608 \item CVS
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
609 \item Git
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
610 \item Darcs
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
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611 \end{itemize}
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
612
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
613 Adicionalmente, \hgext{convert} puede exportar cambios de Mercurial
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
614 hacia Subversion. Lo que hace posible probar Subversion y Mercurial
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
615 en paralelo antes de lanzarse a un migración total, sin arriesgarse a
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
616 perder trabajo alguno.
501
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parents: 432
diff changeset
617
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
618 El comando \hgxcmd{conver}{convert} es sencillo de usar. Basta con
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
619 apuntarlo hacia la ruta o el URL del repositorio fuente, opcionalmente
507
56914d368af4 Finished translation of intro to spanish
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
620 darle el nombre del nombre del repositorio destino y comenzará a hacer
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 506
diff changeset
621 su trabajo. Después de la conversión inicial, basta con invocar de
608
e98a8c3afcef finished revision of intro.tex. there are some standing issues yet, though
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 575
diff changeset
622 nuevo el comando para importar cambios nuevos.
501
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
623
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
624
b05e35d641e4 Copying the files from en to es and taking intro chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
625 %%% Local Variables:
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 432
diff changeset
626 %%% mode: latex
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parents: 432
diff changeset
627 %%% TeX-master: "00book"
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parents: 432
diff changeset
628 %%% End: