Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/ru/mencoder.xml @ 21729:109590481689
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r21744: Mention that you can use different image formats with mf://
author | voroshil |
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date | Sat, 23 Dec 2006 20:12:49 +0000 |
parents | 68248f4e3027 |
children | 7b4bf230c06c |
rev | line source |
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20514 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> |
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2 <!-- synced with r21744 --> |
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3 <chapter id="mencoder"> |
20514 | 4 <title>Основы использования <application>MEncoder</application></title> |
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5 |
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6 <para> |
20514 | 7 Полный список доступных опций <application>MEncoder</application> и примеры |
8 смотрите на странице руководства man. | |
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9 |
20514 | 10 Ряд наглядных примеров и подробные руководства по использованию отдельных |
11 параметров кодирования, можно узнать прочтя | |
12 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">советы по кодированию</ulink>, которые мы | |
13 собрали из отдельных нитей[threads] рассылки MPlayer-users. В | |
14 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">архивах</ulink> | |
15 найдется множество дискуссий, посвященных всех аспектам и проблемам кодирования | |
16 при помощи <application>MEncoder</application>. | |
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17 </para> |
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18 |
21456 | 19 |
20 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
21 | |
22 | |
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23 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-codec"> |
20514 | 24 <title>Выбор кодеков и формата файлов</title> |
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25 |
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26 <para> |
21456 | 27 Аудио и видео кодеки для кодирования выбираются опциями |
28 <option>-oac</option> и <option>-ovc</option>, соответственно. | |
21700 | 29 Наберите для примера: |
21456 | 30 <screen>mencoder -ovc help</screen> |
31 чтобы получить список всех видео кодеков поддерживаемых | |
32 версией <application>MEncoder</application>, установленной на вашей машине. | |
33 Доступны следующие варианты: | |
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34 </para> |
21456 | 35 |
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36 <para> |
20514 | 37 Аудио кодеки: |
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38 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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39 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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40 <thead> |
21525 | 41 <row> |
42 <entry>Название кодека</entry> | |
43 <entry>Описание</entry></row> | |
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44 </thead> |
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45 <tbody> |
21525 | 46 <row> |
47 <entry>mp3lame</entry> | |
48 <entry>Кодируйте в VBR, ABR или CBR MP3 с LAME</entry> | |
49 </row> | |
50 <row> | |
51 <entry>lavc</entry> | |
52 <entry> | |
53 Используйте один из кодеков библиотеки | |
54 <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-audio-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link> | |
55 </entry> | |
56 </row> | |
57 <row> | |
58 <entry>faac</entry> | |
59 <entry>FAAC AAC аудио кодер</entry> | |
60 </row> | |
61 <row> | |
62 <entry>toolame</entry> | |
63 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 кодер</entry> | |
64 </row> | |
65 <row> | |
66 <entry>twolame</entry> | |
67 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 кодер, основанный на tooLAME</entry> | |
68 </row> | |
69 <row> | |
70 <entry>pcm</entry> | |
71 <entry>Несжатый PCM звук</entry> | |
72 </row> | |
73 <row> | |
74 <entry>copy</entry> | |
75 <entry>Не перекодировать, просто копировать сжатые кадры</entry> | |
76 </row> | |
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77 </tbody> |
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78 </tgroup> |
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79 </informaltable> |
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80 </para> |
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81 |
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82 <para> |
20514 | 83 Видео кодеки: |
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84 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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85 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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86 <thead> |
20514 | 87 <row><entry>Название кодека</entry><entry>Описание</entry></row> |
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88 </thead> |
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89 <tbody> |
21525 | 90 <row> |
91 <entry>lavc</entry> | |
92 <entry> | |
93 Используйте один из кодеков библиотеки <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-video-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link> | |
94 </entry> | |
95 </row> | |
96 <row> | |
97 <entry>xvid</entry> | |
98 <entry>Xvid, MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) кодек</entry> | |
99 </row> | |
100 <row> | |
101 <entry>x264</entry> | |
102 <entry>x264, MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), AKA[он же] H.264 кодек</entry> | |
103 </row> | |
104 <row> | |
105 <entry>nuv</entry> | |
106 <entry>nuppel видео, используемое некоторыми приложениями реального времени</entry> | |
107 </row> | |
108 <row> | |
109 <entry>raw</entry> | |
110 <entry>Несжатые видео кадры</entry> | |
111 </row> | |
112 <row> | |
113 <entry>copy</entry> | |
114 <entry>Не перекодировать, просто скопировать сжатые кадры</entry> | |
115 </row> | |
116 <row> | |
117 <entry>frameno</entry> | |
118 <entry>Использовался для 3-х проходного кодирования (не рекомендуется)</entry> | |
119 </row> | |
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120 </tbody> |
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121 </tgroup> |
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122 </informaltable> |
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123 </para> |
21456 | 124 |
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125 <para> |
21456 | 126 Формат выходных файлов выбирается опцией <option>-of</option>. |
127 Наберите: | |
128 <screen>mencoder -of help</screen> | |
129 чтобы получить список всех форматов, поддерживаемых версией | |
130 <application>MEncoder</application>, установленного на вашей машине. | |
131 Доступны следующие варианты: | |
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132 </para> |
21456 | 133 |
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134 <para> |
20514 | 135 Форматы файлов: |
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136 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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137 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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138 <thead> |
20514 | 139 <row><entry>Название формата</entry><entry>Описание</entry></row> |
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140 </thead> |
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141 <tbody> |
21525 | 142 <row> |
143 <entry>lavf</entry> | |
144 <entry>Один из форматов, поддерживаемых библиотекой | |
145 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem></entry> | |
146 </row> | |
147 <row> | |
148 <entry>avi</entry> | |
149 <entry>'Слоеное' Аудио-Видео</entry> | |
150 </row> | |
151 <row> | |
152 <entry>mpeg</entry> | |
153 <entry>MPEG-1 и MPEG-2 PS</entry> | |
154 </row> | |
155 <row> | |
156 <entry>rawvideo</entry> | |
21700 | 157 <entry>сырой видео поток (без мультиплексирования - только видео поток)</entry> |
21525 | 158 </row> |
159 <row> | |
160 <entry>rawaudio</entry> | |
21700 | 161 <entry>сырой аудио поток (без мультиплексирования - только аудио поток)</entry> |
21525 | 162 </row> |
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163 </tbody> |
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164 </tgroup> |
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165 </informaltable> |
21456 | 166 AVI является родным форматом для <application>MEncoder</application>, |
167 что означает наилучшую его поддержку, | |
168 <application>MEncoder</application> изначально разрабатывался для этого формата. | |
169 Как замечено выше, другие форматы тоже пригодны, но | |
170 вы можете столкнуться с проблемами при их использовании. | |
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171 </para> |
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172 |
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173 <para> |
20514 | 174 форматы файлов библиотеки <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>: |
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175 </para> |
21456 | 176 |
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177 <para> |
21456 | 178 Если вы выбрали <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> для |
21700 | 179 мультиплексирования выходного файла (используя <option>-of lavf</option>), |
21456 | 180 подходящий формат файла будет определен по расширению выходного файла. |
181 Вы можете заставить использовать конкретный формат опцией | |
182 <option>format</option> библиотеки | |
183 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>. | |
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184 |
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185 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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186 <tgroup cols="2"> |
21456 | 187 <thead><row> |
188 <entry>название формата <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem></entry><entry>Описание</entry> | |
189 </row></thead> | |
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190 <tbody> |
21525 | 191 <row> |
192 <entry>mpg</entry> | |
193 <entry>MPEG-1 и MPEG-2 PS</entry> | |
194 </row> | |
195 <row> | |
196 <entry>asf</entry> | |
197 <entry>Advanced Streaming Format</entry> | |
198 </row> | |
199 <row> | |
200 <entry>avi</entry> | |
201 <entry>'Слоеное' Аудио-Видео</entry> | |
202 </row> | |
203 <row> | |
204 <entry>wav</entry> | |
205 <entry>Waveform Аудио</entry> | |
206 </row> | |
207 <row> | |
208 <entry>swf</entry> | |
209 <entry>Macromedia Flash</entry> | |
210 </row> | |
211 <row> | |
212 <entry>flv</entry> | |
213 <entry>Macromedia Flash видео</entry> | |
214 </row> | |
215 <row> | |
216 <entry>rm</entry> | |
217 <entry>RealMedia</entry> | |
218 </row> | |
219 <row> | |
220 <entry>au</entry> | |
221 <entry>SUN AU</entry> | |
222 </row> | |
223 <row> | |
224 <entry>nut</entry> | |
225 <entry> | |
226 открытый формат NUT (экспериментальный и пока не полностью соответствующий спецификации) | |
227 </entry> | |
228 </row> | |
229 <row> | |
230 <entry>mov</entry> | |
231 <entry>QuickTime</entry> | |
232 </row> | |
233 <row> | |
234 <entry>mp4</entry> | |
235 <entry>MPEG-4 формат</entry> | |
236 </row> | |
237 <row> | |
238 <entry>dv</entry> | |
239 <entry>Sony Digital Видео формат</entry> | |
240 </row> | |
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241 </tbody> |
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242 </tgroup> |
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243 </informaltable> |
21456 | 244 Как видите, <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> |
21700 | 245 позволяет <application>MEncoder</application> мультиплексировать во |
21456 | 246 множество форматов. |
247 К сожалению, поскольку <application>MEncoder</application> изначально не разрабатывался | |
248 для поддержки форматов, отличных от AVI, вам следует относиться к результирующему | |
21700 | 249 файлу с определенной долей паранойи. Убедитесь, что в порядке Аудио/видео синхронизация, и |
21456 | 250 файл воспроизводится не только в <application>MPlayer</application>. |
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251 </para> |
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252 |
21525 | 253 <example> |
254 <title>Кодирование в формат Macromedia Flash</title> | |
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255 <para> |
21456 | 256 Создание видео Macromedia Flash, подходящего для воспроизведения в веб браузере плагином |
257 Macromedia Flash: | |
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258 <screen> |
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259 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.flv</replaceable> -of lavf \ |
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260 -oac mp3lame -lameopts abr:br=56 -srate 22050 -ovc lavc \ |
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261 -lavcopts vcodec=flv:vbitrate=500:mbd=2:mv0:trell:v4mv:cbp:last_pred=3 |
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262 </screen> |
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263 </para> |
21525 | 264 </example> |
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265 |
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266 </sect1> |
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267 |
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268 |
21456 | 269 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
270 | |
271 | |
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272 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-input"> |
20514 | 273 <title>Выбор входного файла или устройства</title> |
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274 |
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275 <para> |
21456 | 276 <application>MEncoder</application> может кодировать из файлов или непосредственно |
277 с DVD или VCD диска. | |
278 Просто укажите имя файла в командной строке для кодирования из файла, | |
279 или <option>dvd://</option><replaceable>номер_ролика</replaceable> или | |
21700 | 280 <option>vcd://</option><replaceable>номер_дорожки</replaceable> для кодирования |
21456 | 281 DVD ролика или VCD дорожки. |
282 Если вы уже скопировали DVD на жесткий диск (може воспользоваться утилитой вроде | |
283 <application>dvdbackup</application>, доступной на многих системах), | |
21700 | 284 и желаете кодировать из копии, вледует по-прежнему использовать |
21456 | 285 <option>dvd://</option> синтаксис, вместе с <option>-dvd-device</option> |
286 с последующим путек к корню копии DVD. | |
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287 |
21456 | 288 Опции <option>-dvd-device</option> и <option>-cdrom-device</option> также могут |
21700 | 289 быть использованы для переопределения путей к файлам устройств для |
21456 | 290 чтения прямо с диска, если значения по-умолчанию |
291 <filename>/dev/dvd</filename> и <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename> не подходят для | |
292 вашей системы. | |
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293 </para> |
21456 | 294 |
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295 <para> |
21456 | 296 При кодировании с DVD, часто бывает желательно выбрать раздел или диапазон |
297 разделов для кодирования. для этой цели можно использовать опцию | |
298 <option>-chapter</option>. | |
21700 | 299 Например, <option>-chapter</option> <replaceable>1-4</replaceable> |
300 будет кодировать только разделы DVD с 1-го по 4-й. | |
21456 | 301 Это особенно полезно при кодировании 1400Мб с целью уместить их на 2 CD, |
302 так как вы можете разбить фильм точно на границе раздела, вместо | |
303 середины некоторой сцены. | |
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304 </para> |
21456 | 305 |
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306 <para> |
20514 | 307 Если у вас есть поддерживаемая карта TV захвата, вы также можете |
308 кодировать с TV входа. | |
21700 | 309 Используйте <option>tv://</option><replaceable>номер_канала</replaceable> в качестве |
20514 | 310 имени файла, и опцию <option>-tv</option> для настройки различный параметров захвата. |
311 DVB вход работает аналогично. | |
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312 </para> |
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313 </sect1> |
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314 |
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315 |
21456 | 316 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
317 | |
318 | |
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319 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4"> |
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320 <title>Двухпроходное кодирование MPEG-4 ("DivX")</title> |
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321 |
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322 <para> |
21525 | 323 Название происходит из того факта, что кодирование файла производится |
324 <emphasis>дважды</emphasis>. | |
20514 | 325 Первое кодирование (дублирующий проход) создает несколько временных файлов |
326 (<filename>*.log</filename>) размером в несколько мегабайт, не удаляйте их пока | |
327 (вы можете удалить AVI или вообще не создавать видеофайл, перенаправив его | |
328 в <filename>/dev/null</filename>). На втором проходе, с использованием данных о | |
21700 | 329 битпотоке из временных файлов, формируется готовый выходной. Получившийся файл |
20514 | 330 будет иметь намного лучшее качество картинки. Если слышите об этом в первый раз, |
331 обратитесь к руководствам, которые можно найти в интернет. | |
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332 </para> |
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333 |
20040 | 334 <example id="copy_audio_track"> |
20514 | 335 <title>копирование звуковой дорожки</title> |
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336 <para> |
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337 Кодирование (двухпроходное) второй дорожки DVD в MPEG-4 ("DivX") AVI с |
20514 | 338 копированием звуковой дорожки. |
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339 <screen> |
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340 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o /dev/null |
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341 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 \ |
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342 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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343 </screen> |
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344 </para> |
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345 </example> |
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346 |
20040 | 347 <example id="encode_audio_track"> |
20514 | 348 <title>кодирование звуковой дорожки</title> |
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349 <para> |
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350 Кодирование (в два прохода) DVD в MPEG-4 ("DivX") AVI с кодированием |
20514 | 351 звуковой дорожки в MP3. Будьте аккуратны, используя этот метод, так как в некоторых случаях |
352 это может привести к рассинхронизации аудио/видео. | |
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353 <screen> |
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354 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 \ |
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355 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o /dev/null |
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356 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 \ |
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357 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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358 </screen> |
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359 </para> |
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360 </example> |
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361 </sect1> |
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362 |
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363 |
21456 | 364 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
365 | |
366 | |
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367 <sect1 id="menc-feat-handheld-psp"> |
20514 | 368 <title>Кодирование в Sony PSP видео формат</title> |
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369 |
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370 <para> |
21456 | 371 <application>MEncoder</application> поддерживает кодирование в видео формат |
372 Sony PSP, но, в зависимости от ревизии программного обеспечения PSP, | |
373 с различными ограничениями. Можете не беспокоиться, если не будете | |
374 нарушать следующие ограничения: | |
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375 <itemizedlist> |
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376 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 377 <emphasis role="bold">Битовый поток</emphasis>: не должен превышать 1500кбит/с, |
378 тем не менее, последние версии очень хорошо поддерживали любой битрейт, пока | |
379 заголовок не требовал черезчур большого значения. | |
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380 </para></listitem> |
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381 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 382 <emphasis role="bold">Размеры</emphasis>: ширина и высота PSP видео должна быть |
383 кратна 16, а произведение ширина * высота не должно превышать 64000. | |
384 В некоторых случаях возможно воспроизведение видео большего размера. | |
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385 </para></listitem> |
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386 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 387 <emphasis role="bold">Звук</emphasis>: частота дискретизации должна быть |
388 24кГц для MPEG-4, и 48кГц для H.264. | |
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389 </para></listitem> |
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390 </itemizedlist> |
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391 </para> |
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392 |
20040 | 393 <example id="encode_for_psp"> |
20514 | 394 <title>Кодирование для PSP</title> |
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395 <para> |
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396 <screen> |
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397 mencoder -ofps 30000/1001 -af lavcresample=24000 -vf harddup -of lavf \ |
21456 | 398 -oac lavc -ovc lavc -lavcopts aglobal=1:vglobal=1:vcodec=mpeg4:acodec=aac \ |
399 -lavfopts format=psp:i_certify_that_my_video_stream_does_not_use_b_frames \ | |
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400 <replaceable>input.video</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.psp</replaceable> |
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401 </screen> |
21456 | 402 Заметьте, что можно задать заголовок видео опцией |
403 <option>-info name=<replaceable>Заголовок_Фильма</replaceable></option>. | |
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404 </para> |
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405 </example> |
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406 </sect1> |
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407 |
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408 |
21456 | 409 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
410 | |
411 | |
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412 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg"> |
20514 | 413 <title>Кодирование в MPEG формат</title> |
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414 <para> |
20514 | 415 <application>MEncoder</application> может создавать файлы формата MPEG (MPEG-PS). |
416 MPEG-1 или MPEG-2 обычно используют по причине кодирования в более | |
417 ограниченные форматы, такие как SVCD, VCD или DVD. | |
418 Особые требования для этих форматов описаны в | |
419 <link linkend="menc-feat-vcd-dvd"> руководстве по созданию VCD и DVD</link> | |
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420 section. |
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421 </para> |
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422 |
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423 <para> |
20514 | 424 Чтобы сменить формат выходного файла <application>MEncoder</application>, используйте |
425 опцию <option>-of mpeg</option>. | |
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426 </para> |
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427 |
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428 <informalexample> |
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429 <para> |
20514 | 430 Пример: |
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431 <screen> |
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432 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts |
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433 vcodec=mpeg1video \ |
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434 -oac copy <replaceable>other_options</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable> |
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435 </screen> |
20514 | 436 Создается файл MPEG-1 пригодный для воспроизведения на системах с минимальной поддержкой |
437 мультимедиа, таких как только что установленные Windows: | |
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438 <screen> |
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439 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -mpegopts format=mpeg1:tsaf:muxrate=2000 \ |
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440 -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable> -oac lavc -lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 -ovc lavc \ |
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441 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video:vbitrate=1152:keyint=15:mbd=2:aspect=4/3 |
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442 </screen> |
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443 То же, но используя <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> MPEG |
21440 | 444 мультиплексор: |
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445 <screen> |
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446 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>VCD.mpg</replaceable> -ofps 25 -vf scale=352:288,harddup -of lavf \ |
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447 -lavfopts format=mpg:i_certify_that_my_video_stream_does_not_use_b_frames \ |
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448 -oac lavc -lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 -ovc lavc \ |
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449 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video:vrc_buf_size=327:keyint=15:vrc_maxrate=1152:vbitrate=1152:vmax_b_frames=0 |
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450 </screen> |
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451 </para> |
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452 </informalexample> |
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453 |
20514 | 454 <note><title>Подсказка:</title> |
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455 <para> |
21456 | 456 Если по каким-то причинам видео после второго прохода вас не устраивает, |
457 можно снова запустить кодирование с другими значениями битпотока, при | |
458 условии, что вы сохранили статистику предыдущего прохода. | |
459 Это возможно, потому что основная задача файла со статистикой - записывать | |
460 сложность каждого кадра, которая жестко с битпотоком не связана. | |
461 Следует иметь в виду, что, несмотря на это, лучшее качество получается если | |
462 значения результирующего битпотока всех проходов не сильно отличаются. | |
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463 </para> |
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464 </note> |
21456 | 465 </sect1> |
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466 |
21456 | 467 |
468 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
469 | |
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470 |
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471 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale"> |
20514 | 472 <title>Масштабирование фильмов</title> |
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473 |
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474 <para> |
20514 | 475 Часто возникает потребность изменить размер изображения у фильма. |
476 Причин может быть много: уменьшение размера файла, пропускная способность сети, | |
477 и т.д. Большинство производят масштабирование даже при конвертации DVD или SVCD в AVI. | |
478 Если есть желание провести масштабирование, прочтите раздел | |
479 <link linkend="aspect">Сохранение пропорций</link>. | |
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480 </para> |
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481 |
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482 <para> |
20514 | 483 Процесс масштабирование осуществляется плагином <literal>scale</literal>: |
484 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>ширина</replaceable>:<replaceable>высота</replaceable></option>. | |
485 Качество может быть установлено опцией <option>-sws</option>. | |
486 Если не указано, <application>MEncoder</application> будет использовать 2: бикубическое. | |
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487 </para> |
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488 |
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489 <para> |
20514 | 490 Использование: |
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491 <screen> |
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492 mencoder <replaceable>input.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell \ |
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493 -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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494 </screen> |
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495 </para> |
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496 </sect1> |
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497 |
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498 |
21456 | 499 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
500 | |
501 | |
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502 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy"> |
20514 | 503 <title>копирование потока</title> |
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504 |
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505 <para> |
21700 | 506 <application>MEncoder</application> может обрабатывать входные потоки двумя способами: |
20514 | 507 <emphasis role="bold">кодировать</emphasis> или <emphasis role="bold">копировать</emphasis> |
508 их. Этот раздел о <emphasis role="bold">копировании</emphasis>. | |
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509 </para> |
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510 |
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511 <itemizedlist> |
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512 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 513 <emphasis role="bold">Видео поток</emphasis> (опция <option>-ovc copy</option>): |
514 можно делать классные вещи :) Вроде помещения (не преобразования!) FLI или VIVO или | |
515 MPEG-1 видео в AVI файл! Конечно, проиграть такие файлы сможет только | |
516 <application>MPlayer</application> :) И, возможно, никакого реальной пользы в | |
517 этом нет. Реально: копирование видеопотока может быть полезно, если надо кодировать только | |
518 аудио поток (например, несжатый PCM в MP3). | |
21456 | 519 </para></listitem> |
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520 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 521 <emphasis role="bold">Аудио поток</emphasis> (опция <option>-oac copy</option>): |
522 straightforward. Возможно взять внешний файл (MP3, WAV) и уплотнить[mux] его в выходной | |
523 поток. Воспользуйтесь опцией <option>-audiofile <replaceable>имя_файла</replaceable></option>, | |
524 чтобы сделать это. | |
21456 | 525 </para></listitem> |
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526 </itemizedlist> |
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527 |
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528 <para> |
21456 | 529 Использование <option>-oac copy</option> для копирования из одного формата в другой |
21700 | 530 может потребовать указания <option>-fafmttag</option> для сохранения тэга аудио формата |
21456 | 531 из оригинального файла. Например, если вы преобразовываете NSV файл со звуком AAC |
532 в формат AVI, аудио формат будет неверен и должен быть изменен. Чтобы получить список | |
533 тэгов аудио формата проверьте <filename>codecs.conf</filename>. | |
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534 </para> |
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535 |
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536 <para> |
20514 | 537 Пример: |
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538 <screen> |
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539 mencoder <replaceable>input.nsv</replaceable> -oac copy -fafmttag 0x706D \ |
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540 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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541 </screen> |
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542 </para> |
21456 | 543 </sect1> |
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544 |
21456 | 545 |
546 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
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547 |
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548 |
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549 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images"> |
20514 | 550 <title>Кодирование из нескольких входных файлов изображений (JPEG, PNG, TGA, SGI)</title> |
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551 |
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552 <para> |
20514 | 553 <application>MEncoder</application> может создавать фильмы из одного или более |
21456 | 554 JPEG, PNG, TGA или других файлов изображений. Простым копированием кадров он может создавать MJPEG |
20514 | 555 (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) или MTGA (Motion TGA) файлы. |
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556 </para> |
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557 |
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558 <orderedlist> |
20514 | 559 <title>Разъяснение процесса:</title> |
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560 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 561 <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>декодирует</emphasis> изображение(я) с помощью |
562 <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem> (при декодировании PNG, он будет | |
563 использовать <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>). | |
21456 | 564 </para></listitem> |
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565 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 566 <application>MEncoder</application> затем скармливает декодированное изображение выбранному |
20879 | 567 видео компрессору (DivX4, Xvid, FFmpeg msmpeg4, и .т.д). |
21456 | 568 </para></listitem> |
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569 </orderedlist> |
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570 |
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571 <formalpara> |
20514 | 572 <title>примеры</title> |
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573 <para> |
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574 The explanation of the <option>-mf</option> option is in the man page. |
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575 |
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576 <informalexample> |
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577 <para> |
20514 | 578 Создание файла MPEG-4 из всех JPEG файлов текущего каталога: |
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579 <screen> |
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580 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc \ |
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581 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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582 </screen> |
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583 </para> |
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584 </informalexample> |
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585 |
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586 <informalexample> |
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587 <para> |
20514 | 588 Создание файла MPEG-4 из некоторых JPEG файлов текущего каталога: |
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589 <screen> |
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590 mencoder mf://<replaceable>frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg \ |
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591 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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592 </screen> |
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593 </para> |
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594 </informalexample> |
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595 |
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596 <informalexample> |
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597 <para> |
20514 | 598 Создание файла MPEG-4 из явного списка JPEG файлов (list.txt в текущем каталоге содержит |
599 список файлов, используемых в качестве источника, по одному в строке): | |
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600 <screen> |
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601 mencoder mf://<replaceable>@list.txt</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg \ |
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602 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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603 </screen> |
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604 </para> |
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605 </informalexample> |
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606 |
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607 Вы можете смешивать различные типы изображений независимо от используемого |
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608 метода — отдельные файлы, маска или файл со списком — при условии, |
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609 конечно, что они имеют одинаковое разрешение. |
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610 Так что вы можете, например, взять титульный кадр из PNG файла, а затем |
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611 поместить слайдшоу из JPEG фотографий. |
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612 |
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613 <informalexample> |
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614 <para> |
20514 | 615 Создание файла Motion JPEG (MJPEG) из всех JPEG файлов текущего каталога: |
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616 <screen> |
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617 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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618 </screen> |
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619 </para> |
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620 </informalexample> |
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621 |
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622 <informalexample> |
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623 <para> |
20514 | 624 Создание несжатого файла из всех PNG файлов текущего каталога: |
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625 <screen> |
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626 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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627 </screen> |
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628 </para> |
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629 </informalexample> |
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630 |
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631 <note><para> |
20514 | 632 Ширина должна быть целым числом, кратным 4, это ограничение формата RAW RGB AVI. |
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633 </para></note> |
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634 |
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635 <informalexample> |
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636 <para> |
20514 | 637 Создание файла Motion PNG (MPNG) из всех PNG файлов текущего каталога: |
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638 <screen> |
21456 | 639 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable><!-- |
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640 --></screen> |
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641 </para> |
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642 </informalexample> |
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643 |
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644 <informalexample> |
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645 <para> |
20514 | 646 Создание файла Motion TGA (MTGA) из всех TGA файлов текущего каталога: |
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647 <screen> |
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648 mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable><!-- |
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649 --></screen> |
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650 </para> |
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651 </informalexample> |
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652 </para> |
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653 </formalpara> |
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654 </sect1> |
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655 |
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656 |
21456 | 657 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
658 | |
659 | |
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660 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub"> |
20514 | 661 <title>Извлечение DVD субтитров в файл VOBsub</title> |
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662 |
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663 <para> |
20514 | 664 <application>MEncoder</application> способен извлекать субтитры из DVD в файлы формата |
665 VOBsub. Они состоят из пары файлов, оканчивающихся на | |
666 <filename>.idx</filename> и <filename>.sub</filename> и обычно | |
667 упакованы в один <filename>.rar</filename> архив. | |
668 <application>MPlayer</application> может воспроизводить из при помощи опций | |
669 <option>-vobsub</option> и <option>-vobsubid</option>. | |
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670 </para> |
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671 |
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672 <para> |
20514 | 673 Вы указываете базовое имя (т.е. без расширения <filename>.idx</filename> или |
674 <filename>.sub</filename>) выходных файлов с помощью | |
675 <option>-vobsubout</option> и индекс этих субтитров в результирующем файле | |
676 при помощи <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>. | |
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677 </para> |
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678 |
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679 <para> |
20514 | 680 Если источником является не DVD следует использовать <option>-ifo</option> для |
681 указания указания файла <filename>.ifo</filename>, необходимого для создания | |
682 результирующего <filename>.idx</filename> файла. | |
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683 </para> |
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684 |
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685 <para> |
20514 | 686 Если источником является не DVD и у вас нет <filename>.ifo</filename> файла, |
687 используйте опцию <option>-vobsubid</option> для указания, какой ид языка | |
688 следует записать в <filename>.idx</filename> файл. | |
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689 </para> |
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690 |
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691 <para> |
20514 | 692 При каждом запуске субтитры будут добавляться в конец файлов, если |
693 <filename>.idx</filename> и <filename>.sub</filename> уже существуют. | |
694 Так что вам следует удалять их перед началом. | |
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695 </para> |
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696 |
20040 | 697 <example id="copying_two_subtitles_from_a_dvd_while_doing_two_pass_encoding"> |
20514 | 698 <title>копирование двух субтитров из DVD при выполнении двухпроходного кодирования</title> |
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699 <screen> |
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700 rm <replaceable>subtitles.idx</replaceable> <replaceable>subtitles.sub</replaceable> |
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701 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 \ |
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702 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2 |
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703 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 \ |
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704 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!-- |
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705 --></screen> |
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706 </example> |
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707 |
20040 | 708 <example id="copying_a_french_subtitle_from_an_mpeg_file"> |
20514 | 709 <title>Копирование французских субтитров из MPEG файла</title> |
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710 <screen> |
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711 rm <replaceable>subtitles.idx</replaceable> <replaceable>subtitles.sub</replaceable> |
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712 mencoder <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>movie.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout <replaceable>subtitles</replaceable> -vobsuboutindex 0 \ |
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713 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1 -nosound -ovc copy |
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714 </screen> |
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715 </example> |
21456 | 716 </sect1> |
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717 |
21456 | 718 |
719 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
720 | |
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721 |
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722 <sect1 id="aspect"> |
20514 | 723 <title>Сохранение пропорций</title> |
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724 <para> |
20514 | 725 DVD и SVCD (т.е. MPEG-1/2) файлы содержат информацию о пропорции, которая описывает |
726 как проигрыватель должен масштабировать видео поток, чтобы люди не становились яйцеголовыми. | |
727 (напр.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). Хотя при кодировании в AVI (DivX) файлы вы избавлены от этой | |
728 проблемы, т.к. заголовки AVI не содержат это значение. | |
729 Масштабирование изображения отвратительно и расточительно, есть лучший путь! | |
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730 </para> |
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731 |
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732 <para>There is</para> |
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733 |
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734 <para> |
21700 | 735 MPEG-4 имеет уникальную возможность: видео поток может хранить требуемые ему пропорции. |
20514 | 736 Да, в точности как MPEG-1/2 (DVD, SVCD) и H.263 файлы. К сожалению, немного проигрывателей |
737 кроме <application>MPlayer</application> поддерживают этот MPEG-4 атрибут. | |
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738 </para> |
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739 |
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740 <para> |
20514 | 741 Эта возможность может использоваться только с |
742 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>'овским | |
743 <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> кодеком. Имейте в виду: хотя | |
744 <application>MPlayer</application> корректно воспроизведет файл, другие | |
745 проигрыватели могут использовать неверные пропорции. | |
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746 </para> |
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747 |
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748 <para> |
21700 | 749 Вы серьезно должны обрезать черные полосы выше и ниже изображения. |
20514 | 750 Смотрите страницу руководства man по использованию <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem> и |
751 <systemitem>crop</systemitem> плагинов. | |
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752 </para> |
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753 |
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754 <para> |
20514 | 755 Использование: |
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756 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>sample-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -ovc lavc \ |
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757 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:autoaspect -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen> |
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758 </para> |
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759 </sect1> |
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760 |
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761 </chapter> |