Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/ru/mencoder.xml @ 34678:23f4f2104774
Cosmetic: Adjust indent.
author | ib |
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date | Thu, 23 Feb 2012 12:59:28 +0000 |
parents | 1bd408cc4143 |
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20514 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> |
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2 <!-- synced with r26258 --> |
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3 <chapter id="mencoder"> |
20514 | 4 <title>Основы использования <application>MEncoder</application></title> |
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5 |
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6 <para> |
20514 | 7 Полный список доступных опций <application>MEncoder</application> и примеры |
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8 смотрите на странице руководства man. |
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9 |
20514 | 10 Ряд наглядных примеров и подробные руководства по использованию отдельных |
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11 параметров кодирования, можно узнать прочтя |
20514 | 12 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">советы по кодированию</ulink>, которые мы |
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13 собрали из отдельных нитей[threads] рассылки MPlayer-users. В архивах |
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14 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mencoder-users/">здесь</ulink> |
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15 и, особенно по поводу старых вещей, |
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16 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">здесь</ulink> |
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17 найдется множество дискуссий, посвященных всех аспектам и проблемам кодирования |
20514 | 18 при помощи <application>MEncoder</application>. |
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19 </para> |
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20 |
21456 | 21 |
22 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
23 | |
24 | |
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25 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-codec"> |
20514 | 26 <title>Выбор кодеков и формата файлов</title> |
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27 |
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28 <para> |
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29 Аудио и видео кодеки для кодирования выбираются опциями |
21456 | 30 <option>-oac</option> и <option>-ovc</option>, соответственно. |
21700 | 31 Наберите для примера: |
21456 | 32 <screen>mencoder -ovc help</screen> |
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33 чтобы получить список всех видео кодеков поддерживаемых |
21456 | 34 версией <application>MEncoder</application>, установленной на вашей машине. |
35 Доступны следующие варианты: | |
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36 </para> |
21456 | 37 |
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38 <para> |
20514 | 39 Аудио кодеки: |
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40 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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41 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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42 <thead> |
21525 | 43 <row> |
44 <entry>Название кодека</entry> | |
45 <entry>Описание</entry></row> | |
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46 </thead> |
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47 <tbody> |
21525 | 48 <row> |
49 <entry>mp3lame</entry> | |
50 <entry>Кодируйте в VBR, ABR или CBR MP3 с LAME</entry> | |
51 </row> | |
52 <row> | |
53 <entry>lavc</entry> | |
21745 | 54 <entry>Используйте один из кодеков библиотеки <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-audio-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link></entry> |
21525 | 55 </row> |
56 <row> | |
57 <entry>faac</entry> | |
58 <entry>FAAC AAC аудио кодер</entry> | |
59 </row> | |
60 <row> | |
61 <entry>toolame</entry> | |
62 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 кодер</entry> | |
63 </row> | |
64 <row> | |
65 <entry>twolame</entry> | |
66 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 кодер, основанный на tooLAME</entry> | |
67 </row> | |
68 <row> | |
69 <entry>pcm</entry> | |
70 <entry>Несжатый PCM звук</entry> | |
71 </row> | |
72 <row> | |
73 <entry>copy</entry> | |
74 <entry>Не перекодировать, просто копировать сжатые кадры</entry> | |
75 </row> | |
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76 </tbody> |
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77 </tgroup> |
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78 </informaltable> |
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79 </para> |
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80 |
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81 <para> |
20514 | 82 Видео кодеки: |
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83 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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84 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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85 <thead> |
20514 | 86 <row><entry>Название кодека</entry><entry>Описание</entry></row> |
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87 </thead> |
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88 <tbody> |
21525 | 89 <row> |
90 <entry>lavc</entry> | |
21745 | 91 <entry>Используйте один из кодеков библиотеки <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-video-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link></entry> |
21525 | 92 </row> |
93 <row> | |
94 <entry>xvid</entry> | |
95 <entry>Xvid, MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) кодек</entry> | |
96 </row> | |
97 <row> | |
98 <entry>x264</entry> | |
99 <entry>x264, MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), AKA[он же] H.264 кодек</entry> | |
100 </row> | |
101 <row> | |
102 <entry>nuv</entry> | |
103 <entry>nuppel видео, используемое некоторыми приложениями реального времени</entry> | |
104 </row> | |
105 <row> | |
106 <entry>raw</entry> | |
107 <entry>Несжатые видео кадры</entry> | |
108 </row> | |
109 <row> | |
110 <entry>copy</entry> | |
111 <entry>Не перекодировать, просто скопировать сжатые кадры</entry> | |
112 </row> | |
113 <row> | |
114 <entry>frameno</entry> | |
115 <entry>Использовался для 3-х проходного кодирования (не рекомендуется)</entry> | |
116 </row> | |
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117 </tbody> |
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118 </tgroup> |
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119 </informaltable> |
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120 </para> |
21456 | 121 |
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122 <para> |
21456 | 123 Формат выходных файлов выбирается опцией <option>-of</option>. |
124 Наберите: | |
125 <screen>mencoder -of help</screen> | |
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126 чтобы получить список всех форматов, поддерживаемых версией |
21456 | 127 <application>MEncoder</application>, установленного на вашей машине. |
128 Доступны следующие варианты: | |
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129 </para> |
21456 | 130 |
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131 <para> |
20514 | 132 Форматы файлов: |
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133 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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134 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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135 <thead> |
20514 | 136 <row><entry>Название формата</entry><entry>Описание</entry></row> |
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137 </thead> |
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138 <tbody> |
21525 | 139 <row> |
140 <entry>lavf</entry> | |
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141 <entry>Один из форматов, поддерживаемых библиотекой |
21525 | 142 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem></entry> |
143 </row> | |
144 <row> | |
145 <entry>avi</entry> | |
146 <entry>'Слоеное' Аудио-Видео</entry> | |
147 </row> | |
148 <row> | |
149 <entry>mpeg</entry> | |
150 <entry>MPEG-1 и MPEG-2 PS</entry> | |
151 </row> | |
152 <row> | |
153 <entry>rawvideo</entry> | |
21700 | 154 <entry>сырой видео поток (без мультиплексирования - только видео поток)</entry> |
21525 | 155 </row> |
156 <row> | |
157 <entry>rawaudio</entry> | |
21700 | 158 <entry>сырой аудио поток (без мультиплексирования - только аудио поток)</entry> |
21525 | 159 </row> |
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160 </tbody> |
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161 </tgroup> |
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162 </informaltable> |
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163 AVI является родным форматом для <application>MEncoder</application>, |
21456 | 164 что означает наилучшую его поддержку, |
165 <application>MEncoder</application> изначально разрабатывался для этого формата. | |
166 Как замечено выше, другие форматы тоже пригодны, но | |
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167 вы можете столкнуться с проблемами при их использовании. |
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168 </para> |
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169 |
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170 <para> |
20514 | 171 форматы файлов библиотеки <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>: |
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172 </para> |
21456 | 173 |
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174 <para> |
21456 | 175 Если вы выбрали <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> для |
21700 | 176 мультиплексирования выходного файла (используя <option>-of lavf</option>), |
21456 | 177 подходящий формат файла будет определен по расширению выходного файла. |
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178 Вы можете заставить использовать конкретный формат опцией |
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179 <option>format</option> библиотеки |
21456 | 180 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>. |
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181 |
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182 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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183 <tgroup cols="2"> |
21456 | 184 <thead><row> |
185 <entry>название формата <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem></entry><entry>Описание</entry> | |
186 </row></thead> | |
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187 <tbody> |
21525 | 188 <row> |
189 <entry>mpg</entry> | |
190 <entry>MPEG-1 и MPEG-2 PS</entry> | |
191 </row> | |
192 <row> | |
193 <entry>asf</entry> | |
194 <entry>Advanced Streaming Format</entry> | |
195 </row> | |
196 <row> | |
197 <entry>avi</entry> | |
198 <entry>'Слоеное' Аудио-Видео</entry> | |
199 </row> | |
200 <row> | |
201 <entry>wav</entry> | |
202 <entry>Waveform Аудио</entry> | |
203 </row> | |
204 <row> | |
205 <entry>swf</entry> | |
206 <entry>Macromedia Flash</entry> | |
207 </row> | |
208 <row> | |
209 <entry>flv</entry> | |
210 <entry>Macromedia Flash видео</entry> | |
211 </row> | |
212 <row> | |
213 <entry>rm</entry> | |
214 <entry>RealMedia</entry> | |
215 </row> | |
216 <row> | |
217 <entry>au</entry> | |
218 <entry>SUN AU</entry> | |
219 </row> | |
220 <row> | |
221 <entry>nut</entry> | |
222 <entry> | |
223 открытый формат NUT (экспериментальный и пока не полностью соответствующий спецификации) | |
224 </entry> | |
225 </row> | |
226 <row> | |
227 <entry>mov</entry> | |
228 <entry>QuickTime</entry> | |
229 </row> | |
230 <row> | |
231 <entry>mp4</entry> | |
232 <entry>MPEG-4 формат</entry> | |
233 </row> | |
234 <row> | |
235 <entry>dv</entry> | |
236 <entry>Sony Digital Видео формат</entry> | |
237 </row> | |
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238 <row> |
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239 <entry>mkv</entry> |
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240 <entry>Открытый аудио/видео контейнер Matroska</entry> |
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241 </row> |
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242 </tbody> |
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243 </tgroup> |
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244 </informaltable> |
21456 | 245 Как видите, <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> |
21700 | 246 позволяет <application>MEncoder</application> мультиплексировать во |
21456 | 247 множество форматов. |
248 К сожалению, поскольку <application>MEncoder</application> изначально не разрабатывался | |
249 для поддержки форматов, отличных от AVI, вам следует относиться к результирующему | |
21700 | 250 файлу с определенной долей паранойи. Убедитесь, что в порядке Аудио/видео синхронизация, и |
21456 | 251 файл воспроизводится не только в <application>MPlayer</application>. |
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252 </para> |
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253 |
23329 | 254 <example id="encode_to_macromedia_flash_format"> |
21525 | 255 <title>Кодирование в формат Macromedia Flash</title> |
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256 <para> |
21456 | 257 Создание видео Macromedia Flash, подходящего для воспроизведения в веб браузере плагином |
258 Macromedia Flash: | |
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259 <screen> |
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260 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.flv</replaceable> -of lavf \ |
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261 -oac mp3lame -lameopts abr:br=56 -srate 22050 -ovc lavc \ |
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262 -lavcopts vcodec=flv:vbitrate=500:mbd=2:mv0:trell:v4mv:cbp:last_pred=3 |
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263 </screen> |
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264 </para> |
21525 | 265 </example> |
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266 |
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267 </sect1> |
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268 |
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269 |
21456 | 270 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
271 | |
272 | |
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273 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-input"> |
20514 | 274 <title>Выбор входного файла или устройства</title> |
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275 |
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276 <para> |
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277 <application>MEncoder</application> может кодировать из файлов или непосредственно |
21456 | 278 с DVD или VCD диска. |
279 Просто укажите имя файла в командной строке для кодирования из файла, | |
280 или <option>dvd://</option><replaceable>номер_ролика</replaceable> или | |
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281 <option>vcd://</option><replaceable>номер_дорожки</replaceable> для кодирования |
21456 | 282 DVD ролика или VCD дорожки. |
283 Если вы уже скопировали DVD на жесткий диск (може воспользоваться утилитой вроде | |
284 <application>dvdbackup</application>, доступной на многих системах), | |
21700 | 285 и желаете кодировать из копии, вледует по-прежнему использовать |
21456 | 286 <option>dvd://</option> синтаксис, вместе с <option>-dvd-device</option> |
287 с последующим путек к корню копии DVD. | |
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288 |
21456 | 289 Опции <option>-dvd-device</option> и <option>-cdrom-device</option> также могут |
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290 быть использованы для переопределения путей к файлам устройств для |
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291 чтения прямо с диска, если значения по-умолчанию |
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292 <filename>/dev/dvd</filename> и <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename> не подходят для |
21456 | 293 вашей системы. |
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294 </para> |
21456 | 295 |
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296 <para> |
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297 При кодировании с DVD, часто бывает желательно выбрать раздел или диапазон |
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298 разделов для кодирования. для этой цели можно использовать опцию |
21456 | 299 <option>-chapter</option>. |
21700 | 300 Например, <option>-chapter</option> <replaceable>1-4</replaceable> |
301 будет кодировать только разделы DVD с 1-го по 4-й. | |
21456 | 302 Это особенно полезно при кодировании 1400Мб с целью уместить их на 2 CD, |
303 так как вы можете разбить фильм точно на границе раздела, вместо | |
304 середины некоторой сцены. | |
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305 </para> |
21456 | 306 |
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307 <para> |
20514 | 308 Если у вас есть поддерживаемая карта TV захвата, вы также можете |
309 кодировать с TV входа. | |
21700 | 310 Используйте <option>tv://</option><replaceable>номер_канала</replaceable> в качестве |
20514 | 311 имени файла, и опцию <option>-tv</option> для настройки различный параметров захвата. |
312 DVB вход работает аналогично. | |
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313 </para> |
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314 </sect1> |
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315 |
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316 |
21456 | 317 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
318 | |
319 | |
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320 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4"> |
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321 <title>Двухпроходное кодирование MPEG-4 ("DivX")</title> |
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322 <para> |
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323 Название происходит из того факта, что кодирование файла производится |
21525 | 324 <emphasis>дважды</emphasis>. |
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325 Первое кодирование (дублирующий проход) создает несколько временных файлов |
20514 | 326 (<filename>*.log</filename>) размером в несколько мегабайт, не удаляйте их пока |
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327 (вы можете удалить AVI или вообще не создавать видеофайл, перенаправив его |
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328 в <filename>/dev/null</filename>). На втором проходе, с использованием данных о |
21700 | 329 битпотоке из временных файлов, формируется готовый выходной. Получившийся файл |
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330 будет иметь намного лучшее качество картинки. Если слышите об этом в первый раз, |
20514 | 331 обратитесь к руководствам, которые можно найти в интернет. |
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332 </para> |
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333 |
20040 | 334 <example id="copy_audio_track"> |
20514 | 335 <title>копирование звуковой дорожки</title> |
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336 <para> |
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337 Кодирование (двухпроходное) второй дорожки DVD в MPEG-4 ("DivX") AVI с |
20514 | 338 копированием звуковой дорожки. |
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339 <screen> |
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340 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o /dev/null |
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341 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 \ |
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342 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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343 </screen> |
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344 </para> |
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345 </example> |
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346 |
20040 | 347 <example id="encode_audio_track"> |
20514 | 348 <title>кодирование звуковой дорожки</title> |
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349 <para> |
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350 Кодирование (в два прохода) DVD в MPEG-4 ("DivX") AVI с кодированием |
20514 | 351 звуковой дорожки в MP3. Будьте аккуратны, используя этот метод, так как в некоторых случаях |
352 это может привести к рассинхронизации аудио/видео. | |
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353 <screen> |
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354 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 \ |
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355 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o /dev/null |
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356 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 \ |
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357 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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358 </screen> |
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359 </para> |
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360 </example> |
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361 </sect1> |
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362 |
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363 |
21456 | 364 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
365 | |
366 | |
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367 <sect1 id="menc-feat-handheld-psp"> |
20514 | 368 <title>Кодирование в Sony PSP видео формат</title> |
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369 |
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370 <para> |
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371 <application>MEncoder</application> поддерживает кодирование в видео формат |
21456 | 372 Sony PSP, но, в зависимости от ревизии программного обеспечения PSP, |
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373 с различными ограничениями. Можете не беспокоиться, если не будете |
21456 | 374 нарушать следующие ограничения: |
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375 <itemizedlist> |
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376 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 377 <emphasis role="bold">Битовый поток</emphasis>: не должен превышать 1500кбит/с, |
378 тем не менее, последние версии очень хорошо поддерживали любой битрейт, пока | |
379 заголовок не требовал черезчур большого значения. | |
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380 </para></listitem> |
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381 <listitem><para> |
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382 <emphasis role="bold">Размеры</emphasis>: ширина и высота PSP видео должна быть |
20514 | 383 кратна 16, а произведение ширина * высота не должно превышать 64000. |
384 В некоторых случаях возможно воспроизведение видео большего размера. | |
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385 </para></listitem> |
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386 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 387 <emphasis role="bold">Звук</emphasis>: частота дискретизации должна быть |
388 24кГц для MPEG-4, и 48кГц для H.264. | |
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389 </para></listitem> |
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390 </itemizedlist> |
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391 </para> |
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392 |
20040 | 393 <example id="encode_for_psp"> |
20514 | 394 <title>Кодирование для PSP</title> |
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395 <para> |
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396 <screen> |
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397 mencoder -ofps 30000/1001 -af lavcresample=24000 -vf harddup -oac lavc \ |
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398 -ovc lavc -lavcopts aglobal=1:vglobal=1:vcodec=mpeg4:acodec=libfaac \ |
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399 -of lavf -lavfopts format=psp \ |
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400 <replaceable>input.video</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.psp</replaceable> |
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401 </screen> |
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402 Заметьте, что можно задать заголовок видео опцией |
21456 | 403 <option>-info name=<replaceable>Заголовок_Фильма</replaceable></option>. |
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404 </para> |
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405 </example> |
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406 </sect1> |
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407 |
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408 |
21456 | 409 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
410 | |
411 | |
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412 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg"> |
20514 | 413 <title>Кодирование в MPEG формат</title> |
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414 <para> |
20514 | 415 <application>MEncoder</application> может создавать файлы формата MPEG (MPEG-PS). |
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416 MPEG-1 или MPEG-2 обычно используют по причине кодирования в более |
20514 | 417 ограниченные форматы, такие как SVCD, VCD или DVD. |
418 Особые требования для этих форматов описаны в | |
419 <link linkend="menc-feat-vcd-dvd"> руководстве по созданию VCD и DVD</link> | |
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420 section. |
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421 </para> |
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422 |
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423 <para> |
20514 | 424 Чтобы сменить формат выходного файла <application>MEncoder</application>, используйте |
425 опцию <option>-of mpeg</option>. | |
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426 </para> |
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427 |
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428 <informalexample> |
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429 <para> |
20514 | 430 Пример: |
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431 <screen> |
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432 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts |
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433 vcodec=mpeg1video \ |
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434 -oac copy <replaceable>other_options</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable> |
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435 </screen> |
20514 | 436 Создается файл MPEG-1 пригодный для воспроизведения на системах с минимальной поддержкой |
437 мультимедиа, таких как только что установленные Windows: | |
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438 <screen> |
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439 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -mpegopts format=mpeg1:tsaf:muxrate=2000 \ |
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440 -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable> -oac lavc -lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 -ovc lavc \ |
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441 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video:vbitrate=1152:keyint=15:mbd=2:aspect=4/3 |
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442 </screen> |
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443 То же, но используя <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> MPEG |
21440 | 444 мультиплексор: |
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445 <screen> |
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446 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>VCD.mpg</replaceable> -ofps 25 -vf scale=352:288,harddup -of lavf \ |
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447 -lavfopts format=mpg -oac lavc -lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 -ovc lavc \ |
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448 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video:vrc_buf_size=327:keyint=15:vrc_maxrate=1152:vbitrate=1152:vmax_b_frames=0 |
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449 </screen> |
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450 </para> |
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451 </informalexample> |
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452 |
20514 | 453 <note><title>Подсказка:</title> |
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454 <para> |
21456 | 455 Если по каким-то причинам видео после второго прохода вас не устраивает, |
456 можно снова запустить кодирование с другими значениями битпотока, при | |
457 условии, что вы сохранили статистику предыдущего прохода. | |
458 Это возможно, потому что основная задача файла со статистикой - записывать | |
459 сложность каждого кадра, которая жестко с битпотоком не связана. | |
460 Следует иметь в виду, что, несмотря на это, лучшее качество получается если | |
461 значения результирующего битпотока всех проходов не сильно отличаются. | |
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462 </para> |
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463 </note> |
21456 | 464 </sect1> |
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465 |
21456 | 466 |
467 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
468 | |
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469 |
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470 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale"> |
20514 | 471 <title>Масштабирование фильмов</title> |
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472 |
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473 <para> |
20514 | 474 Часто возникает потребность изменить размер изображения у фильма. |
475 Причин может быть много: уменьшение размера файла, пропускная способность сети, | |
476 и т.д. Большинство производят масштабирование даже при конвертации DVD или SVCD в AVI. | |
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477 Если есть желание провести масштабирование, прочтите раздел |
20514 | 478 <link linkend="aspect">Сохранение пропорций</link>. |
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479 </para> |
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480 |
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481 <para> |
20514 | 482 Процесс масштабирование осуществляется плагином <literal>scale</literal>: |
483 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>ширина</replaceable>:<replaceable>высота</replaceable></option>. | |
484 Качество может быть установлено опцией <option>-sws</option>. | |
485 Если не указано, <application>MEncoder</application> будет использовать 2: бикубическое. | |
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486 </para> |
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487 |
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488 <para> |
20514 | 489 Использование: |
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490 <screen> |
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491 mencoder <replaceable>input.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell \ |
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492 -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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493 </screen> |
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494 </para> |
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495 </sect1> |
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496 |
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497 |
21456 | 498 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
499 | |
500 | |
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501 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy"> |
20514 | 502 <title>копирование потока</title> |
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503 |
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504 <para> |
21700 | 505 <application>MEncoder</application> может обрабатывать входные потоки двумя способами: |
20514 | 506 <emphasis role="bold">кодировать</emphasis> или <emphasis role="bold">копировать</emphasis> |
507 их. Этот раздел о <emphasis role="bold">копировании</emphasis>. | |
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508 </para> |
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509 |
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510 <itemizedlist> |
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511 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 512 <emphasis role="bold">Видео поток</emphasis> (опция <option>-ovc copy</option>): |
513 можно делать классные вещи :) Вроде помещения (не преобразования!) FLI или VIVO или | |
514 MPEG-1 видео в AVI файл! Конечно, проиграть такие файлы сможет только | |
515 <application>MPlayer</application> :) И, возможно, никакого реальной пользы в | |
516 этом нет. Реально: копирование видеопотока может быть полезно, если надо кодировать только | |
517 аудио поток (например, несжатый PCM в MP3). | |
21456 | 518 </para></listitem> |
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519 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 520 <emphasis role="bold">Аудио поток</emphasis> (опция <option>-oac copy</option>): |
521 straightforward. Возможно взять внешний файл (MP3, WAV) и уплотнить[mux] его в выходной | |
522 поток. Воспользуйтесь опцией <option>-audiofile <replaceable>имя_файла</replaceable></option>, | |
523 чтобы сделать это. | |
21456 | 524 </para></listitem> |
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525 </itemizedlist> |
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526 |
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527 <para> |
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528 Использование <option>-oac copy</option> для копирования из одного формата в другой |
21700 | 529 может потребовать указания <option>-fafmttag</option> для сохранения тэга аудио формата |
21456 | 530 из оригинального файла. Например, если вы преобразовываете NSV файл со звуком AAC |
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531 в формат AVI, аудио формат будет неверен и должен быть изменен. Чтобы получить список |
21456 | 532 тэгов аудио формата проверьте <filename>codecs.conf</filename>. |
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533 </para> |
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534 |
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535 <para> |
20514 | 536 Пример: |
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537 <screen> |
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538 mencoder <replaceable>input.nsv</replaceable> -oac copy -fafmttag 0x706D \ |
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539 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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540 </screen> |
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541 </para> |
21456 | 542 </sect1> |
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543 |
21456 | 544 |
545 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
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546 |
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547 |
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548 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images"> |
20514 | 549 <title>Кодирование из нескольких входных файлов изображений (JPEG, PNG, TGA, SGI)</title> |
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550 |
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551 <para> |
20514 | 552 <application>MEncoder</application> может создавать фильмы из одного или более |
21456 | 553 JPEG, PNG, TGA или других файлов изображений. Простым копированием кадров он может создавать MJPEG |
20514 | 554 (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) или MTGA (Motion TGA) файлы. |
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555 </para> |
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556 |
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557 <orderedlist> |
20514 | 558 <title>Разъяснение процесса:</title> |
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559 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 560 <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>декодирует</emphasis> изображение(я) с помощью |
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561 <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem> (при декодировании PNG, он будет |
20514 | 562 использовать <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>). |
21456 | 563 </para></listitem> |
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564 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 565 <application>MEncoder</application> затем скармливает декодированное изображение выбранному |
20879 | 566 видео компрессору (DivX4, Xvid, FFmpeg msmpeg4, и .т.д). |
21456 | 567 </para></listitem> |
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568 </orderedlist> |
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569 |
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570 <formalpara> |
20514 | 571 <title>примеры</title> |
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572 <para> |
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573 The explanation of the <option>-mf</option> option is in the man page. |
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574 |
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575 <informalexample> |
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576 <para> |
20514 | 577 Создание файла MPEG-4 из всех JPEG файлов текущего каталога: |
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578 <screen> |
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579 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc \ |
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580 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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581 </screen> |
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582 </para> |
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583 </informalexample> |
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584 |
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585 <informalexample> |
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586 <para> |
20514 | 587 Создание файла MPEG-4 из некоторых JPEG файлов текущего каталога: |
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588 <screen> |
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589 mencoder mf://<replaceable>frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg \ |
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590 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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591 </screen> |
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592 </para> |
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593 </informalexample> |
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594 |
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595 <informalexample> |
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596 <para> |
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597 Создание файла MPEG-4 из явного списка JPEG файлов (list.txt в текущем каталоге содержит |
20514 | 598 список файлов, используемых в качестве источника, по одному в строке): |
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599 <screen> |
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600 mencoder mf://<replaceable>@list.txt</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg \ |
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601 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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602 </screen> |
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603 </para> |
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604 </informalexample> |
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605 |
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606 Вы можете смешивать различные типы изображений независимо от используемого |
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607 метода — отдельные файлы, маска или файл со списком — при условии, |
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608 конечно, что они имеют одинаковое разрешение. |
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609 Так что вы можете, например, взять титульный кадр из PNG файла, а затем |
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610 поместить слайдшоу из JPEG фотографий. |
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611 |
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612 <informalexample> |
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613 <para> |
20514 | 614 Создание файла Motion JPEG (MJPEG) из всех JPEG файлов текущего каталога: |
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615 <screen> |
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616 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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617 </screen> |
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618 </para> |
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619 </informalexample> |
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620 |
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621 <informalexample> |
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622 <para> |
20514 | 623 Создание несжатого файла из всех PNG файлов текущего каталога: |
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624 <screen> |
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625 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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626 </screen> |
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627 </para> |
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628 </informalexample> |
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629 |
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630 <note><para> |
20514 | 631 Ширина должна быть целым числом, кратным 4, это ограничение формата RAW RGB AVI. |
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632 </para></note> |
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633 |
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634 <informalexample> |
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635 <para> |
20514 | 636 Создание файла Motion PNG (MPNG) из всех PNG файлов текущего каталога: |
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637 <screen> |
21456 | 638 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable><!-- |
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639 --></screen> |
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640 </para> |
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641 </informalexample> |
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642 |
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643 <informalexample> |
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644 <para> |
20514 | 645 Создание файла Motion TGA (MTGA) из всех TGA файлов текущего каталога: |
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646 <screen> |
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647 mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable><!-- |
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648 --></screen> |
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649 </para> |
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650 </informalexample> |
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651 </para> |
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652 </formalpara> |
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653 </sect1> |
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654 |
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655 |
21456 | 656 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
657 | |
658 | |
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659 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub"> |
20514 | 660 <title>Извлечение DVD субтитров в файл VOBsub</title> |
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661 |
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662 <para> |
20514 | 663 <application>MEncoder</application> способен извлекать субтитры из DVD в файлы формата |
664 VOBsub. Они состоят из пары файлов, оканчивающихся на | |
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665 <filename>.idx</filename> и <filename>.sub</filename> и обычно |
20514 | 666 упакованы в один <filename>.rar</filename> архив. |
667 <application>MPlayer</application> может воспроизводить из при помощи опций | |
668 <option>-vobsub</option> и <option>-vobsubid</option>. | |
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669 </para> |
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670 |
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671 <para> |
20514 | 672 Вы указываете базовое имя (т.е. без расширения <filename>.idx</filename> или |
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673 <filename>.sub</filename>) выходных файлов с помощью |
20514 | 674 <option>-vobsubout</option> и индекс этих субтитров в результирующем файле |
675 при помощи <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>. | |
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676 </para> |
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677 |
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678 <para> |
20514 | 679 Если источником является не DVD следует использовать <option>-ifo</option> для |
680 указания указания файла <filename>.ifo</filename>, необходимого для создания | |
681 результирующего <filename>.idx</filename> файла. | |
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682 </para> |
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683 |
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684 <para> |
20514 | 685 Если источником является не DVD и у вас нет <filename>.ifo</filename> файла, |
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686 используйте опцию <option>-vobsubid</option> для указания, какой ид языка |
20514 | 687 следует записать в <filename>.idx</filename> файл. |
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688 </para> |
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689 |
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690 <para> |
20514 | 691 При каждом запуске субтитры будут добавляться в конец файлов, если |
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692 <filename>.idx</filename> и <filename>.sub</filename> уже существуют. |
20514 | 693 Так что вам следует удалять их перед началом. |
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694 </para> |
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695 |
20040 | 696 <example id="copying_two_subtitles_from_a_dvd_while_doing_two_pass_encoding"> |
20514 | 697 <title>копирование двух субтитров из DVD при выполнении двухпроходного кодирования</title> |
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698 <screen> |
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699 rm <replaceable>subtitles.idx</replaceable> <replaceable>subtitles.sub</replaceable> |
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700 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 \ |
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701 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2 |
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702 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 \ |
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703 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!-- |
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704 --></screen> |
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705 </example> |
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706 |
20040 | 707 <example id="copying_a_french_subtitle_from_an_mpeg_file"> |
20514 | 708 <title>Копирование французских субтитров из MPEG файла</title> |
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709 <screen> |
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710 rm <replaceable>subtitles.idx</replaceable> <replaceable>subtitles.sub</replaceable> |
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711 mencoder <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>movie.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout <replaceable>subtitles</replaceable> -vobsuboutindex 0 \ |
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712 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1 -nosound -ovc copy |
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713 </screen> |
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714 </example> |
21456 | 715 </sect1> |
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716 |
21456 | 717 |
718 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
719 | |
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720 |
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721 <sect1 id="aspect"> |
20514 | 722 <title>Сохранение пропорций</title> |
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723 <para> |
20514 | 724 DVD и SVCD (т.е. MPEG-1/2) файлы содержат информацию о пропорции, которая описывает |
725 как проигрыватель должен масштабировать видео поток, чтобы люди не становились яйцеголовыми. | |
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726 (напр.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). Хотя при кодировании в AVI (DivX) файлы вы избавлены от этой |
20514 | 727 проблемы, т.к. заголовки AVI не содержат это значение. |
728 Масштабирование изображения отвратительно и расточительно, есть лучший путь! | |
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729 </para> |
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730 |
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731 <para>There is</para> |
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|
732 |
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733 <para> |
21700 | 734 MPEG-4 имеет уникальную возможность: видео поток может хранить требуемые ему пропорции. |
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735 Да, в точности как MPEG-1/2 (DVD, SVCD) и H.263 файлы. К сожалению, немного проигрывателей |
20514 | 736 кроме <application>MPlayer</application> поддерживают этот MPEG-4 атрибут. |
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737 </para> |
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738 |
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739 <para> |
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740 Эта возможность может использоваться только с |
28481 | 741 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>'овским |
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742 <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> кодеком. Имейте в виду: хотя |
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743 <application>MPlayer</application> корректно воспроизведет файл, другие |
20514 | 744 проигрыватели могут использовать неверные пропорции. |
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745 </para> |
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746 |
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747 <para> |
21700 | 748 Вы серьезно должны обрезать черные полосы выше и ниже изображения. |
20514 | 749 Смотрите страницу руководства man по использованию <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem> и |
750 <systemitem>crop</systemitem> плагинов. | |
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751 </para> |
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752 |
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753 <para> |
20514 | 754 Использование: |
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755 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>sample-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -ovc lavc \ |
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756 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:autoaspect -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen> |
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757 </para> |
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758 </sect1> |
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759 |
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760 </chapter> |