annotate DOCS/xml/it/codecs.xml @ 28214:24d346bac64f

Sync audio.xml removal.
author diego
date Sun, 04 Jan 2009 23:10:47 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with r27852 -->
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3 <chapter id="codecs">
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4 <title>Codec</title>
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5
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6 <para>
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7 La <ulink url="../../codecs-status.html">tabella di stato dei codec</ulink> è
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8 un elenco completo di tutti i codec supportati, aggiornata giornalmente.
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9 Nella <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/design7/dload.html#binary_codecs">sezione download</ulink>
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10 del nostro sito sono disponibili alcuni codec binari da usare con MPlayer.
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11 </para>
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12
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13 <para>
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14 Se hai un codec Win32 che non è ancora supportato, leggi per favore
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15 l'HOWTO sull'<link linkend="codec-importing">importazione codec</link>
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16 ed aiutaci ad aggiungerne il decodificatore relativo.
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17 </para>
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20 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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21
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22
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23 <sect1 id="audio-codecs">
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24 <title>Codec audio</title>
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25
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26
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27 <sect2 id="swac3">
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28 <title>Decodifica software AC-3</title>
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29
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30 <para>
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31 Questo è il decodificatore di default usato per file con audio AC-3.
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32 </para>
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33
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34 <para>
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35 Il decodificatore AC-3 può creare mix audio in uscita per 2, 4, o 6
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36 altoparlanti.
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37 Quando è configurato per 6 altoparlanti, questo decodificatore fornisce uscite
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38 separate di tutti i canali AC-3 verso il driver audio, permettendo un'esperienza
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39 completa "surround sound" senza il decodificatore esterno AC-3 richiesto per
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40 usare il codec hwac3.
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41 </para>
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42
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43 <para>
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44 Usa l'opzione <option>-channels</option> per impostare il numero dei canali di
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45 uscita. Usa <option>-channels 2</option> per un sottomissaggio stereo. Per un
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46 sottomissaggio a 4 canali (uscite Frontale sinistro, Frontale destro, Surround
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47 sinistro, Surround destro), usa <option>-channels 4</option>. In questo caso,
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48 un qualsiasi canale centrale verrà miscelato in parti uguali nei canali
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49 frontali.
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50 <option>-channels 6</option> farà uscire tutti i canali AC-3 così come sono
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51 stati codificati - nell'ordine, sinistro, destro, Surround sinistro, Surround
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52 destro, centrale e LFE.
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53 </para>
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54
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55 <para>
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56 Il numero di default dei canali di uscita è 2.
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57 </para>
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58
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59 <para>
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60 Per usare più di 2 canali, ti servirà OSS, e avere una scheda audio che
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61 supporti l'appropriato numero di canali di uscita attraverso l'ioctl
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62 SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS. Un esempio di un diver utilizzabile è emu10k1
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63 (usato dalle schede Soundblaster Live!) dall'agosto 2001 o dopo (anche il CVS
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64 ALSA si suppone funzioni).
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65 </para>
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66 </sect2>
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67
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68 <!-- ********** -->
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69
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70 <sect2 id="hwac3">
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71 <title>Decodifica hardware AC-3</title>
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72
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73 <para>
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74 Ti serve una scheda audio capace di decodificare AC-3, con uscita digitale
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75 (S/PDIF). Il driver della scheda deve supportare correttamente il formato
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76 AFMT_AC3 (C-Media lo fa). Collega il tuo decodificatore AC-3 all'uscita S/PDIF,
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77 e usa l'opzione <option>-ac hwac3</option>. E' sperimentale ma si sa che
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78 funziona con schede C-Media e driver Soundblaster Live! + ALSA (ma non OSS) e
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79 schede di decodifica MPEG DXR3/Hollywood+.
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80 </para>
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81 </sect2>
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82
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83 <!-- ********** -->
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84
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85 <sect2 id="hwmpa">
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86 <title>Codec hardware audio MPEG</title>
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87
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88 <para>
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89 This codec (selected by <option>-ac hwmpa</option>) passes through MPEG audio
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90 packets to hardware decoders, such as the ones found in full-featured DVB cards
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91 and DXR2 adapters.
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92 Don't use it in combination with any other audio output device
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93 (such as OSS and ALSA) that isn't able to decode it (you will hear
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94 only white noise).
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95 Questo codec (selezionato con <option>-ac hwmpa</option>) trasferisce
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96 direttamente i pacchetti audio MPEG ai decodificatori audio, come quelli che si
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97 trovano nelle schede DVB full-option e negli adattatori DXR2.
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98 Non usarlo in combinazione con alcun altro dispositivo di uscita audio
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99 (come OSS o ALSA) che non sia capace di decodificarlo (sentirai solo rumore
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100 bianco).
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101 </para>
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102 </sect2>
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103
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104
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105 </sect1>
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106
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107 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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108
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109
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110 <sect1 id="codec-importing">
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111 <title>HOWTO sull'importazione dei codec Win32</title>
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112
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113 <!-- TODO: a short paragraph of text would be nice here... -->
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114
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115 <sect2 id="vfw-codecs">
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116 <title>Codec VFW</title>
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117
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118 <para>
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119 VFW (Video for Windows) sono le vecchie API Video per Windows. I loro codec
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120 hanno un'estensione <filename>.DLL</filename> o (raramente)
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121 <filename>.DRV</filename>. Se <application>MPlayer</application> non riesce a
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122 riprodurre il tuo AVI emettendo un messaggio del tipo:
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123 <screen>UNKNOWN video codec: HFYU (0x55594648)</screen>
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124 significa che il tuo AVI è codificato con un codec che ha HFYU come fourcc
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125 (HFYU = HuffYUV codec, DIV3 = DivX Low Motion, etc.). Ora che lo sai, devi
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126 scoprire quale DLL di Windows viene caricata per riprodurre quel file. Nel
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127 nostro caso il <filename>system.ini</filename> contiene questa informazione in
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128 una riga siffatta:
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129 <programlisting>VIDC.HFYU=huffyuv.dll</programlisting>
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130 </para>
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131
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132 <para>
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133 Perciò ti serve il file <filename>huffyuv.dll</filename>. Nota che i codec
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134 audio vengono specificati con il prefisso MSACM:
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135 <programlisting>msacm.l3acm=L3codeca.acm</programlisting>
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136 </para>
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137
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138 <para>
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139 Questo è il codec MP3. Ora che hai tutte le informazioni necessarie
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140 (fourcc, file del codec, AVI di esempio), invia via mail la tua richiesta di
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141 supporto per il codec, e carica questi file sul sito FTP:
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142 <systemitem role="url">ftp://upload.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/incoming/<replaceable>&lt;nomecodec&gt;</replaceable>/</systemitem>
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143 </para>
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144
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145 <note><para>
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146 In Windows NT/2000/XP cerca queste informazioni nel registro,
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147 per es. cerca "VIDC.HFYU". Per scoprire come farlo, guarda il vecchio metodo
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148 per DirectShow più sotto.
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149 </para></note>
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150 </sect2>
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151
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152 <!-- ********** -->
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153
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154 <sect2 id="dshow-codecs">
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155 <title>Codec DirectShow</title>
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156
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157 <para>
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158 DirectShow sono le API Video più recenti, che sono ancora peggio delle
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159 precedenti. Le cose sono più difficili con le DirectShow, dato che
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160 <itemizedlist>
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161 <listitem><para>
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162 <filename>system.ini</filename> non contiene le informazioni che servono,
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163 sono invece scritte nel registro e
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164 </para></listitem>
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165 <listitem><para>
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166 bisogna sapere il GUID del codec.
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167 </para></listitem>
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168 </itemizedlist>
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169 </para>
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170
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171 <procedure>
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172 <title>Nuovo Metodo:</title>
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173 <para>
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174 Usando <application>Microsoft GraphEdit</application> (veloce)
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175 </para>
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176 <step><para>
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177 Ottieni <application>GraphEdit</application> o dall'SDK delle DirectX o da
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178 <ulink url="http://doom9.net">doom9</ulink>.
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179 </para></step>
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180 <step><para>
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181 Avvia <command>graphedit.exe</command>.
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182 </para></step>
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183 <step><para>
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184 Dal menu scegli
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185 <!-- TODO: mettere le vodi del menu dalla versione it di graphedit -->
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186 <menuchoice><guimenu>Graph</guimenu>
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187 <guisubmenu>Insert Filters</guisubmenu></menuchoice>.
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188 </para></step>
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189 <step><para>
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190 Espandi <systemitem>DirectShow Filters</systemitem>.
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191 </para></step>
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192 <step><para>
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193 Seleziona il nome giusto del codec e espandilo.
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194 </para></step>
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195 <step><para>
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196 Nella voce <systemitem>DisplayName</systemitem> guarda il testo tra
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197 parentesi graffe dopo il backslash e segnatelo (cinque blocchi separati da
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198 trattini, il GUID).
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199 </para></step>
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200 <step><para>
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201 Il codec binario è il file specificato nella voce
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202 <systemitem>Filename</systemitem>.
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203 </para></step>
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204 </procedure>
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205
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206 <note><para>
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207 Se non c'è alcun <systemitem>Filename</systemitem> e
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208 <systemitem>DisplayName</systemitem> contiene qualcosa del tipo
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209 <systemitem>device:dmo</systemitem>, allora è un codec DMO.
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210 </para></note>
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211
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212 <procedure>
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213 <title>Vecchio Method:</title>
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214 <para>
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215 Fai un grosso respiro e inizia a cercare nel registro...
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216 </para>
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217 <step><para>
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218 Avvia <command>regedit</command>.
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219 </para></step>
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220 <step><para>
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221 Premi <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>T</keycap></keycombo>, disabilita
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222 le prime due opzioni, e abilita la terza. Scrivi il fourcc del codec (per es.
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223 <userinput>TM20</userinput>).
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224 </para></step>
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225 <step><para>
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226 Dovresti trovare un campo che contiene il percorso e il nome del file
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227 (per es. <filename>C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\TM20DEC.AX</filename>).
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228 </para></step>
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229 <step><para>
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230 Ora che sai il file, ci serve il GUID. Prova a fare di nuovo la ricerca, ma
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231 ora cerca il nome del codec, e non più il fourcc. Il suo nome si può
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232 scoprire quando Media Player sta riproducendo il file, controllando
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233 <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Properties</guisubmenu>
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234 <guimenuitem>Advanced</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
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235 Se non c'è, sei sfortunato. Prova ad indovinarlo (per es. cerca TrueMotion).
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236 </para></step>
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237 <step><para>
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238 Se trovi il GUID, dovresti trovare un campo
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239 "<guilabel>FriendlyName</guilabel>" e un "<guilabel>CLSID</guilabel>".
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240 Segnati il CLSID di 16 caratteri, questo è il GUID che ci serve.
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241 </para></step>
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242 </procedure>
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243
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244 <note><para>
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245 Se la ricerca fallisce, prova ad abilitare tutte le opzioni. Puoi avere dei
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246 falsi positivi, ma potresti essere fortunato...
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247 </para></note>
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248
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249 <para>
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250 Ora che hai tutte le informazioni necessarie (fourcc, GUID, file del codec, AVI
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251 di esempio), invia via mail la tua richiesta di supporto per il codec, e carica
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252 questi file sul sito FTP:
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253 <systemitem role="url">ftp://upload.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/incoming/<replaceable>&lt;nomecodec&gt;</replaceable>/</systemitem>
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254 </para>
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255
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256 <para>
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257 Se ti garba aggiungere un codec per conto tuo, leggi
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258 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/DOCS/tech/codecs.conf.txt">DOCS/tech/codecs.conf.txt</ulink>.
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259 </para>
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260
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261 </sect2>
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262 </sect1>
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263
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264 </chapter>