Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/en/usage.xml @ 19709:2c8c28415e89
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date | Wed, 06 Sep 2006 13:13:24 +0000 |
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9675 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
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2 <!-- $Revision$ --> |
9675 | 3 <chapter id="usage"> |
4 <title>Usage</title> | |
5 | |
6 <sect1 id="commandline"> | |
7 <title>Command line</title> | |
8 | |
9 <para> | |
10 <application>MPlayer</application> utilizes a complex playtree. It consists | |
11 of global options written as first, for example | |
12 | |
13 <screen>mplayer -vfm 5</screen> | |
14 | |
15 and options written after filenames, that apply only to the given | |
16 filename/URL/whatever, for example: | |
17 | |
11737 | 18 <screen>mplayer -vfm 5 <replaceable>movie1.avi</replaceable> <replaceable>movie2.avi</replaceable> -vfm 4</screen> |
9675 | 19 </para> |
20 | |
21 <para> | |
22 You can group filenames/URLs together using <literal>{</literal> and | |
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23 <literal>}</literal>. It is useful with option <option>-loop</option>: |
9675 | 24 |
10643 | 25 <screen>mplayer { 1.avi -loop 2 2.avi } -loop 3</screen> |
9675 | 26 |
27 The above command will play files in this order: 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2. | |
28 </para> | |
29 | |
30 <para> | |
31 Playing a file: | |
32 <synopsis> | |
33 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
34 --> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
35 --> [<replaceable>path</replaceable>/]<replaceable>filename</replaceable> | |
36 </synopsis> | |
37 </para> | |
38 | |
39 <para> | |
15463 | 40 Another way to play a file: |
41 <synopsis> | |
42 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
43 --> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
44 --> <replaceable>file:///uri-escaped-path</replaceable> | |
45 </synopsis> | |
46 </para> | |
47 | |
48 <para> | |
9675 | 49 Playing more files: |
50 <synopsis> | |
51 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
52 --> [<replaceable>default options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
53 --> [<replaceable>path</replaceable>/]<replaceable>filename1</replaceable><!-- | |
54 --> [<replaceable>options for filename1</replaceable>]<!-- | |
55 --> <replaceable>filename2</replaceable><!-- | |
56 --> [<replaceable>options for filename2</replaceable>] ... | |
57 </synopsis> | |
58 </para> | |
59 | |
60 <para> | |
61 Playing VCD: | |
62 <synopsis> | |
63 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
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64 --> vcd://<replaceable>trackno</replaceable><!-- |
9675 | 65 --> [-cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/cdrom</replaceable>] |
66 </synopsis> | |
67 </para> | |
68 | |
69 <para> | |
70 Playing DVD: | |
71 <synopsis> | |
72 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
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73 --> dvd://<replaceable>titleno</replaceable><!-- |
9675 | 74 --> [-dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/dvd</replaceable>] |
75 </synopsis> | |
76 </para> | |
77 | |
78 <para> | |
79 Playing from the WWW: | |
80 <synopsis> | |
81 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
82 --> http://<replaceable>site.com/file.asf</replaceable> | |
83 </synopsis> | |
84 (playlists can be used, too) | |
85 </para> | |
86 | |
87 <para> | |
88 Playing from RTSP: | |
89 <synopsis> | |
90 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
91 --> rtsp://<replaceable>server.example.com/streamName</replaceable> | |
92 </synopsis> | |
93 </para> | |
94 | |
95 <para> | |
96 Examples: | |
97 <screen> | |
11713 | 98 mplayer -vo x11 <replaceable>/mnt/Films/Contact/contact2.mpg</replaceable> |
12833 | 99 mplayer vcd://<replaceable>2</replaceable> -cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> |
11713 | 100 mplayer -afm 3 <replaceable>/mnt/DVDtrailers/alien4.vob</replaceable> |
101 mplayer dvd://<replaceable>1</replaceable> -dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> | |
102 mplayer -abs 65536 -delay -0.4 -nobps <replaceable>~/movies/test.avi</replaceable><!-- | |
9675 | 103 --></screen> |
104 </para> | |
105 </sect1> | |
106 | |
107 | |
108 <sect1 id="control"> | |
109 <title>Control</title> | |
110 | |
111 <para> | |
112 <application>MPlayer</application> has a fully configurable, command | |
113 driven, control layer which lets you control | |
114 <application>MPlayer</application> with keyboard, mouse, joystick or remote | |
115 control (using LIRC). See the man page for the complete list of keyboard controls. | |
116 </para> | |
117 | |
118 | |
119 <sect2 id="ctrl-cfg"> | |
120 <title>Controls configuration</title> | |
121 | |
122 <para> | |
123 <application>MPlayer</application> allows you bind any key/button to any | |
11540 | 124 <application>MPlayer</application> command using a simple config file. |
125 The syntax consist of a key name followed by a command. The default config file location is | |
9675 | 126 <filename>$HOME/.mplayer/input.conf</filename> but it can be overridden |
127 using the <option>-input <replaceable>conf</replaceable></option> option | |
128 (relative path are relative to <filename>$HOME/.mplayer</filename>). | |
129 </para> | |
130 | |
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131 <para> |
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132 You can get a full list of supported key names by running |
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133 <command>mplayer -input keylist</command> |
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134 and a full list of available commands by running |
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135 <command>mplayer -input cmdlist</command>. |
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136 </para> |
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137 |
9675 | 138 <example> |
139 <title>A simple input control file</title> | |
140 <programlisting> | |
141 ## | |
142 ## MPlayer input control file | |
143 ## | |
144 | |
145 RIGHT seek +10 | |
146 LEFT seek -10 | |
147 - audio_delay 0.100 | |
148 + audio_delay -0.100 | |
149 q quit | |
150 > pt_step 1 | |
151 < pt_step -1 | |
152 ENTER pt_step 1 1<!-- | |
153 --></programlisting> | |
154 </example> | |
155 </sect2> | |
156 | |
157 | |
158 <sect2 id="lirc"> | |
159 <title>Control from LIRC</title> | |
160 | |
161 <para> | |
162 Linux Infrared Remote Control - use an easy to build home-brewn IR-receiver, | |
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163 an (almost) arbitrary remote control and control your Linux box with it! |
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164 More about it on the <ulink url="http://www.lirc.org">LIRC homepage</ulink>. |
9675 | 165 </para> |
166 | |
167 <para> | |
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168 If you have the LIRC package installed, <filename>configure</filename> will |
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169 autodetect it. If everything went fine, <application>MPlayer</application> |
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170 will print "<systemitem>Setting up LIRC support...</systemitem>" |
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171 on startup. If an error occurs it will tell you. If there is no message about |
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172 LIRC there is no support compiled in. That's it :-) |
9675 | 173 </para> |
174 | |
175 <para> | |
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176 The application name for <application>MPlayer</application> is - surprise - |
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177 <filename>mplayer</filename>. You can use any <application>MPlayer</application> |
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178 commands and even pass more than one command by separating them with |
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179 <literal>\n</literal>. |
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180 Do not forget to enable the repeat flag in <filename>.lircrc</filename> when |
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181 it makes sense (seek, volume, etc). Here is an excerpt from a sample |
9675 | 182 <filename>.lircrc</filename>: |
183 </para> | |
184 | |
185 <programlisting> | |
186 begin | |
187 button = VOLUME_PLUS | |
188 prog = mplayer | |
189 config = volume 1 | |
190 repeat = 1 | |
191 end | |
192 | |
193 begin | |
194 button = VOLUME_MINUS | |
195 prog = mplayer | |
196 config = volume -1 | |
197 repeat = 1 | |
198 end | |
199 | |
200 begin | |
201 button = CD_PLAY | |
202 prog = mplayer | |
203 config = pause | |
204 end | |
205 | |
206 begin | |
207 button = CD_STOP | |
208 prog = mplayer | |
209 config = seek 0 1\npause | |
210 end<!-- | |
211 --></programlisting> | |
212 | |
213 <para> | |
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214 If you do not like the standard location for the lirc-config file |
9675 | 215 (<filename>~/.lircrc</filename>) use the <option>-lircconf |
216 <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option> switch to specify another | |
217 file. | |
218 </para> | |
219 </sect2> | |
220 | |
221 | |
222 <sect2 id="slave-mode"> | |
223 <title>Slave mode</title> | |
224 <para> | |
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225 The slave mode allows you to build simple frontends to |
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226 <application>MPlayer</application>. When run with the |
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227 <option>-slave</option> option <application>MPlayer</application> will |
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228 read commands separated by a newline (\n) from stdin. |
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229 The commands are documented in the |
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230 <ulink url="../../tech/slave.txt">slave.txt</ulink> file. |
9675 | 231 </para> |
232 </sect2> | |
233 </sect1> | |
234 | |
235 | |
236 <sect1 id="streaming"> | |
237 <title>Streaming from network or pipes</title> | |
238 | |
239 <para> | |
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240 <application>MPlayer</application> can play files from the network, using the |
10755 | 241 HTTP, FTP, MMS or RTSP/RTP protocol. |
9675 | 242 </para> |
243 | |
244 <para> | |
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245 Playing works simply by passing the URL on the command line. |
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246 <application>MPlayer</application> honors the <envar>http_proxy</envar> |
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247 environment variable, using a proxy if available. Proxies can also be forced: |
11713 | 248 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>http_proxy://proxy.micorsops.com:3128/http://micorsops.com:80/stream.asf</replaceable></screen> |
9675 | 249 </para> |
250 | |
251 <para> | |
252 <application>MPlayer</application> can read from stdin | |
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253 (<emphasis>not</emphasis> named pipes). This can for example be used to |
9675 | 254 play from FTP: |
11713 | 255 <screen>wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer -</screen> |
9675 | 256 </para> |
257 | |
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258 <note><para> |
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259 It is also recommended to enable <option>-cache</option> when playing |
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260 from the network: |
11713 | 261 <screen>wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer -cache 8192 -</screen> |
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262 </para></note> |
15499 | 263 |
264 <sect2 id="streaming-save"> | |
265 <title>Saving streamed content</title> | |
266 <para> | |
267 Once you succeed in making <application>MPlayer</application> play | |
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268 your favorite internet stream, you can use the option |
15499 | 269 <option>-dumpstream</option> to save the stream into a file. |
270 For example: | |
271 <screen> | |
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272 mplayer <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> -dumpstream -dumpfile <replaceable>stream.asf</replaceable> |
15499 | 273 </screen> |
274 will save the content streamed from | |
275 <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> into | |
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276 <replaceable>stream.asf</replaceable>. |
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277 This works with all protocols supported by |
15499 | 278 <application>MPlayer</application>, like MMS, RSTP, and so forth. |
279 </para> | |
280 </sect2> | |
281 | |
9675 | 282 </sect1> |
9966 | 283 |
284 <sect1 id="mpst" xreflabel="Remote streams"> | |
285 <title>Remote streams</title> | |
286 | |
287 <para> | |
288 Remote streams allow you to access most <application>MPlayer</application> | |
289 stream type from a remote host. The main purpose of this feature is to make | |
290 it possible to directly use the CD or DVD drive of another computer on the | |
291 network (provided you have the required bandwidth). On the downside some | |
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292 stream type (currently TV and MF) are not usable remotely because they are |
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293 implemented at the demuxer level. It is sad for MF but TV stream would anyway |
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294 require an insane amount of bandwidth. |
9966 | 295 </para> |
296 | |
297 <sect2 id="compile_mpst_server"> | |
298 <title>Compiling the server</title> | |
299 <para> | |
300 After having compiled <application>MPlayer</application> go to the | |
301 <filename>TOOLS/netstream</filename> directory and enter | |
302 <application>make</application> to build the server binary. | |
303 You can then copy the <application>netstream</application> binary | |
9969 | 304 to the right place on your system (usually |
305 <filename class="directory">/usr/local/bin</filename> on Linux). | |
9966 | 306 </para> |
307 </sect2> | |
308 | |
309 <sect2 id="use_mpst"> | |
310 <title>Using remote streams</title> | |
311 <para> | |
312 First you have to start the server on the computer you intend to remotely | |
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313 access. Currently the server is very basic and does not have any commands |
9966 | 314 line arguments so just enter <filename>netstream</filename>. Now you can |
315 for example play the second track of a VCD on the server with : | |
316 <screen> | |
11713 | 317 mplayer -cache 5000 <replaceable>mpst://servername/vcd://2</replaceable> |
9966 | 318 </screen> |
319 You can also access files on this server : | |
320 <screen> | |
11713 | 321 mplayer -cache 5000 <replaceable>mpst://servername//usr/local/movies/lol.avi</replaceable> |
9966 | 322 </screen> |
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323 Note that paths which aren't starting with a / will be relative to |
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324 the directory where the server is running. The <option>-cache</option> option is not |
9966 | 325 needed but highly recommended. |
326 </para> | |
327 | |
328 <para> | |
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329 Be aware that currently the server is not secure at all. So do not complain |
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330 about the numerous exploits which are possible through this. Instead send |
9966 | 331 some (good) patch to make it better or start writing your own server. |
332 </para> | |
333 | |
334 </sect2> | |
335 | |
336 </sect1> | |
11786 | 337 |
338 <sect1 id="edl" xreflabel="Edit Decision Lists (EDL)"> | |
339 <title>Edit Decision Lists (EDL)</title> | |
340 | |
341 <para> | |
342 The edit decision list (EDL) system allows you to automatically skip | |
343 or mute sections of videos during playback, based on a movie specific | |
344 EDL configuration file. | |
345 </para> | |
346 | |
347 <para> | |
348 This is useful for those who may want to watch a film in "family-friendly" | |
349 mode. You can cut out any violence, profanity, Jar-Jar Binks .. from a movie | |
350 according to your own personal preferences. Aside from this, there are other | |
351 uses, like automatically skipping over commercials in video files you watch. | |
352 </para> | |
353 | |
354 <para> | |
18959 | 355 The EDL file format is pretty bare-bones. There is one command per line that |
356 indicates what to do (skip/mute) and when to do it (using pts in seconds). | |
11786 | 357 </para> |
358 | |
359 <sect2 id="edl_using"> | |
360 <title>Using an EDL file</title> | |
361 <para> | |
362 Include the <option>-edl <filename></option> flag when you run | |
363 <application>MPlayer</application>, with the name of the EDL file you | |
364 want applied to the video. | |
365 </para> | |
366 </sect2> | |
367 | |
368 <sect2 id="edl_making"> | |
369 <title>Making an EDL file</title> | |
370 <para> | |
371 The current EDL file format is: | |
372 <programlisting> | |
373 [begin second] [end second] [action] | |
374 </programlisting> | |
375 Where the seconds are floating-point numbers and the action is either | |
376 <literal>0</literal> for skip or <literal>1</literal> for mute. Example: | |
377 <programlisting> | |
378 5.3 7.1 0 | |
379 15 16.7 1 | |
380 420 422 0 | |
381 </programlisting> | |
382 This will skip from second 5.3 to second 7.1 of the video, then mute at | |
383 15 seconds, unmute at 16.7 seconds and skip from second 420 to second 422 | |
384 of the video. These actions will be performed when the playback timer | |
385 reaches the times given in the file. | |
386 </para> | |
387 | |
388 <para> | |
389 To create an EDL file to work from, use the <option>-edlout <filename></option> | |
18912 | 390 flag. During playback, just hit <keycap>i</keycap> to mark the beginning and |
391 end of a skip block. A corresponding entry will be written to the file for | |
392 that time. You can then go back and fine-tune the generated EDL file as well as | |
393 change the default operation which is to skip the block described by each line. | |
11786 | 394 </para> |
395 </sect2> | |
396 | |
397 </sect1> | |
398 | |
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400 <sect1 id="advaudio" xreflabel="Advanced Audio"> |
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401 <title>Advanced audio</title> |
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402 |
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403 <sect2 id="advaudio-surround"> |
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404 <title>Surround/Multichannel playback</title> |
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405 |
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406 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-DVD"> |
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407 <title>DVDs</title> |
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408 <para> |
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409 Most DVDs and many other files include surround sound. |
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410 <application>MPlayer</application> supports surround playback but does not |
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411 enable it by default because stereo equipment is by far more common. To play a |
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412 file that has more than two channels of audio use <option>-channels</option>. |
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413 For example, to play a DVD with 5.1 audio: |
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414 |
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415 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6</screen> |
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416 |
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417 Note that despite the name "5.1" there are actually six discrete channels. |
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418 If you have surround sound equipment it is safe to put the |
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419 <option>channels</option> option in your <application>MPlayer</application> |
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420 configuration file <filename>~/.mplayer/config</filename>. For example, to make |
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421 quadraphonic playback the default, add this line: |
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422 |
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423 <programlisting>channels=4</programlisting> |
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424 |
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425 <application>MPlayer</application> will then output audio in four channels when |
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426 all four channels are available. |
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427 </para> |
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428 </sect3> |
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429 |
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430 |
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431 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-stereoinfour"> |
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432 <title>Playing stereo files to four speakers</title> |
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433 |
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434 <para> |
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435 <application>MPlayer</application> does not duplicate any channels by default, |
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436 and neither do most audio drivers. If you want to do that manually: |
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437 |
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438 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0</screen> |
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439 |
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440 See the section on |
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441 <link linkend="advaudio-channels-copying">channel copying</link> for an |
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442 explanation. |
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443 </para> |
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444 |
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445 </sect3> |
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446 |
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447 |
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448 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-passthrough"> |
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449 <title>AC3/DTS Passthrough</title> |
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450 |
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451 <para> |
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452 DVDs usually have surround audio encoded in AC3 (Dolby Digital) or DTS |
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453 (Digital Theater System) format. Some modern audio equipment is capable of |
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454 decoding these formats internally. <application>MPlayer</application> can be |
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455 configured to relay the audio data without decoding it. This will only work if |
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456 you have a S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface) jack in your sound card. |
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457 </para> |
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458 |
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459 <para> |
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460 If your audio equipment can decode both AC3 and DTS, you can safely enable |
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461 passthrough for both formats. Otherwise, enable passthrough for only the format |
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462 your equipment supports. |
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463 </para> |
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464 |
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465 <itemizedlist> |
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466 <title>To enable passthrough on the command line:</title> |
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467 <listitem><para> |
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468 For AC3 only, use <option>-ac hwac3</option> |
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469 </para></listitem> |
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470 <listitem><para> |
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471 For DTS only, use <option>-ac hwdts</option> |
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472 </para></listitem> |
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473 <listitem><para> |
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474 For both AC3 and DTS, use <option>-afm hwac3</option> |
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475 </para></listitem> |
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476 </itemizedlist> |
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477 |
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478 <itemizedlist> |
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479 <title>To enable passthrough in the <application>MPlayer</application> |
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480 configuration file: </title> |
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481 <listitem><para> |
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482 For AC3 only, use <option>ac=hwac3,</option> |
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483 </para></listitem> |
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484 <listitem><para> |
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485 For DTS only, use <option>ac=hwdts,</option> |
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486 </para></listitem> |
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487 <listitem><para> |
16601 | 488 For both AC3 and DTS, use <option>afm=hwac3</option> |
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489 </para></listitem> |
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490 </itemizedlist> |
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491 |
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492 <para> |
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493 Note that there is a comma (",") at the end of |
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494 <option>ac=hwac3,</option> and <option>ac=hwdts,</option>. This will make |
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495 <application>MPlayer</application> fall back on the codecs it normally uses when |
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496 playing a file that does not have AC3 or DTS audio. <option>afm=hwac3</option> |
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497 does not need a comma; <application>MPlayer</application> will fall back anyway |
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498 when an audio family is specified. |
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499 </para> |
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500 |
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501 </sect3> |
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502 |
17432 | 503 <sect3 id="hwmpa-surround-passthrough"> |
504 <title>MPEG audio Passthrough</title> | |
505 | |
506 <para> | |
507 Digital TV transmissions (such as DVB and ATSC) and some DVDs usually have | |
508 MPEG audio streams (in particular MP2). | |
509 Some MPEG hardware decoders such as full-featured DVB cards and DXR2 | |
510 adapters can natively decode this format. | |
511 <application>MPlayer</application> can be configured to relay the audio data | |
512 without decoding it. | |
513 </para> | |
514 | |
515 <para> | |
516 To use this codec: | |
517 <screen> mplayer -ac hwmpa </screen> | |
518 </para> | |
519 </sect3> | |
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520 |
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521 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-matrix"> |
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522 <title>Matrix-encoded audio</title> |
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523 |
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524 <para> |
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525 <emphasis>***TODO***</emphasis> |
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526 </para> |
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527 <para> |
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528 This section has yet to be written and cannot be completed until somebody |
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529 provides sample files for us to test. If you have any matrix-encoded audio |
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530 files, know where to find some, or have any information that could be helpful, |
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531 please send a message to the |
19709 | 532 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-docs">MPlayer-DOCS</ulink> |
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533 mailing list. Put "[matrix-encoded audio]" in the subject line. |
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534 </para> |
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535 <para> |
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536 If no files or further information are forthcoming this section will be dropped. |
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537 </para> |
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538 |
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539 <para> |
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540 Good links: |
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541 <itemizedlist> |
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542 <listitem><para> |
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543 <ulink url="http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm">http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm</ulink> |
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544 </para></listitem> |
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545 <listitem><para> |
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546 <ulink url="http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp">http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp</ulink> |
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547 </para></listitem> |
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548 </itemizedlist> |
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549 </para> |
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550 |
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551 </sect3> |
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552 |
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553 |
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554 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-hrtf"> |
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555 <title>Surround emulation in headphones</title> |
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556 |
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557 <para> |
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558 <application>MPlayer</application> includes an HRTF (Head Related Transfer |
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559 Function) filter based on an |
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560 <ulink url="http://sound.media.mit.edu/KEMAR.html">MIT project</ulink> |
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561 wherein measurements were taken from microphones mounted on a dummy human head. |
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562 </para> |
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563 |
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564 <para> |
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565 Although it is not possible to exactly imitate a surround system, |
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566 <application>MPlayer</application>'s HRTF filter does provide more spatially |
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567 immersive audio in 2-channel headphones. Regular downmixing simply combines all |
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568 the channels into two; besides combining the channels, <option>hrtf</option> |
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569 generates subtle echoes, increases the stereo separation slightly, and alters |
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570 the volume of some frequencies. Whether HRTF sounds better may be dependent on |
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571 the source audio and a matter of personal taste, but it is definitely worth |
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572 trying out. |
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573 </para> |
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574 |
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575 <para> |
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576 To play a DVD with HRTF: |
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577 |
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578 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6 -af hrtf</screen> |
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579 |
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580 </para> |
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581 |
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582 <para> |
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583 <option>hrtf</option> only works well with 5 or 6 channels. Also, |
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584 <option>hrtf</option> requires 48 kHz audio. DVD audio is already 48 kHz, but if |
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585 you have a file with a different sampling rate that you want to play using |
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586 <option>hrtf</option> you must resample it: |
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587 |
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588 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -channels 6 -af resample=48000,hrtf</screen> |
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589 |
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590 </para> |
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591 |
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592 </sect3> |
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593 |
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594 |
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595 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-troubleshooting"> |
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596 <title>Troubleshooting</title> |
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597 |
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598 <para> |
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599 If you do not hear any sound out of your surround channels, check your mixer |
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600 settings with a mixer program such as <application>alsamixer</application>; |
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601 audio outputs are often muted and set to zero volume by default. |
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602 </para> |
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603 |
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604 </sect3> |
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605 |
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606 </sect2> |
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607 |
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608 |
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609 <sect2 id="advaudio-channels"> |
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610 <title>Channel manipulation</title> |
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611 |
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612 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-general"> |
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613 <title>General information</title> |
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614 |
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615 <para> |
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616 Unfortunately, there is no standard for how channels are ordered. The orders |
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617 listed below are those of AC3 and are fairly typical; try them and see if your |
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618 source matches. Channels are numbered starting with 0. |
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619 |
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620 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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621 <title>mono</title> |
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622 <listitem override="0"><simpara>center</simpara></listitem> |
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623 </orderedlist> |
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624 |
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625 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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626 <title>stereo</title> |
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627 <listitem override="0"><simpara>left</simpara></listitem> |
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628 <listitem><simpara>right</simpara></listitem> |
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629 </orderedlist> |
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630 |
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631 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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632 <title>quadraphonic</title> |
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633 <listitem override="0"><simpara>left front</simpara></listitem> |
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634 <listitem><simpara>right front</simpara></listitem> |
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635 <listitem><simpara>left rear</simpara></listitem> |
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636 <listitem><simpara>right rear</simpara></listitem> |
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637 </orderedlist> |
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638 |
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639 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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640 <title>surround 4.0</title> |
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641 <listitem override="0"><simpara>left front</simpara></listitem> |
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642 <listitem><simpara>right front</simpara></listitem> |
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643 <listitem><simpara>center rear</simpara></listitem> |
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644 <listitem><simpara>center front</simpara></listitem> |
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645 </orderedlist> |
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646 |
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647 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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648 <title>surround 5.0</title> |
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649 <listitem override="0"><simpara>left front</simpara></listitem> |
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650 <listitem><simpara>right front</simpara></listitem> |
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651 <listitem><simpara>left rear</simpara></listitem> |
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652 <listitem><simpara>right rear</simpara></listitem> |
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653 <listitem><simpara>center front</simpara></listitem> |
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654 </orderedlist> |
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655 |
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656 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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657 <title>surround 5.1</title> |
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658 <listitem override="0"><simpara>left front</simpara></listitem> |
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659 <listitem><simpara>right front</simpara></listitem> |
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660 <listitem><simpara>left rear</simpara></listitem> |
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661 <listitem><simpara>right rear</simpara></listitem> |
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662 <listitem><simpara>center front</simpara></listitem> |
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663 <listitem><simpara>subwoofer</simpara></listitem> |
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664 </orderedlist> |
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665 |
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666 </para> |
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667 |
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668 <para> |
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669 The <option>-channels</option> option is used to request the number of |
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670 channels from the audio decoder. Some audio codecs use the number of specified |
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671 channels to decide if downmixing the source is necessary. Note that this does |
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672 not always affect the number of output channels. For example, using |
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673 <option>-channels 4</option> to play a stereo MP3 file will still result in |
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674 2-channel output since the MP3 codec will not produce the extra channels. |
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675 </para> |
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676 |
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677 <para> |
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678 The <option>channels</option> audio filter can be used to create or remove |
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679 channels and is useful for controlling the number of channels sent to the sound |
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680 card. See the following sections for more information on channel manipulation. |
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681 </para> |
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682 |
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683 </sect3> |
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684 |
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685 |
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686 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-mono"> |
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687 <title>Playing mono with two speakers</title> |
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688 |
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689 <para> |
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690 Mono sounds a lot better when played through two speakers - especially when |
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691 using headphones. Audio files that truly have one channel are automatically |
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692 played through two speakers; unfortunately, most files with mono sound are |
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693 actually encoded as stereo with one channel silent. The easiest and most |
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694 foolproof way to make both speakers output the same audio is the |
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695 <option>extrastereo</option> filter: |
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696 |
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697 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0</screen> |
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698 |
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699 </para> |
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700 |
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701 <para> |
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702 This averages both channels, resulting in both channels being half as loud as |
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703 the original. The next sections have examples of other ways to do this without a |
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704 volume decrease, but they are more complex and require different options |
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705 depending on which channel to keep. If you really need to maintain the volume, |
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706 it may be easier to experiment with the <option>volume</option> filter and find |
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707 the right value. For example: |
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708 |
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709 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0,volume=5</screen> |
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710 |
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711 </para> |
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712 |
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713 </sect3> |
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714 |
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715 |
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716 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-copying"> |
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717 <title>Channel copying/moving</title> |
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718 |
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719 <para> |
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720 The <option>channels</option> filter can move any or all channels. |
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721 Setting up all the suboptions for the <option>channels</option> |
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722 filter can be complicated and takes a little care. |
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723 |
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724 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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725 <listitem><para> |
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726 Decide how many output channels you need. This is the first suboption. |
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727 </para></listitem> |
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728 <listitem><para> |
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729 Count how many channel moves you will do. This is the second suboption. Each |
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730 channel can be moved to several different channels at the same time, but keep in |
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731 mind that when a channel is moved (even if to only one destination) the source |
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732 channel will be empty unless another channel is moved into it. To copy a |
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733 channel, keeping the source the same, simply move the channel into both the |
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734 destination and the source. For example: |
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735 <programlisting> |
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736 channel 2 --> channel 3 |
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737 channel 2 --> channel 2 |
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738 </programlisting> |
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739 </para></listitem> |
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740 <listitem><para> |
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741 Write out the channel copies as pairs of suboptions. Note that the first channel |
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742 is 0, the second is 1, etc. The order of these suboptions does not matter as |
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743 long as they are properly grouped into |
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744 <replaceable>source:destination</replaceable> pairs. |
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745 </para></listitem> |
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746 </orderedlist> |
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747 |
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748 </para> |
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749 |
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750 |
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751 <bridgehead>Example: one channel in two speakers</bridgehead> |
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752 |
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753 <para> |
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754 Here is an example of another way to play one channel in both speakers. Suppose |
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755 for this example that the left channel should be played and the right channel |
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756 discarded. Following the steps above: |
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757 <orderedlist> |
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758 <listitem><para> |
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759 In order to provide an output channel for each of the two speakers, the first |
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760 suboption must be "2". |
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761 </para></listitem> |
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762 <listitem><para> |
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763 The left channel needs to be moved to the right channel, and also must be moved |
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764 to itself so it won't be empty. This is a total of two moves, making the second |
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765 suboption "2" as well. |
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766 </para></listitem> |
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767 <listitem><para> |
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768 To move the left channel (channel 0) into the right channel (channel 1), the |
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769 suboption pair is "0:1", "0:0" moves the left channel onto itself. |
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770 </para></listitem> |
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771 </orderedlist> |
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772 Putting that all together gives: |
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773 |
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774 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0</screen> |
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775 </para> |
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776 |
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777 <para> |
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778 The advantage this example has over <option>extrastereo</option> is that the |
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779 volume of each output channel is the same as the input channel. The disadvantage |
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780 is that the suboptions must be changed to "2:2:1:0:1:1" when the desired audio |
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781 is in the right channel. Also, it is more difficult to remember and type. |
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782 </para> |
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783 |
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784 <bridgehead>Example: left channel in two speakers shortcut</bridgehead> |
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785 |
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786 <para> |
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787 There is actually a much easier way to use the <option>channels</option> filter |
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788 for playing the left channel in both speakers: |
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789 |
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790 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=1</screen> |
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791 |
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792 The second channel is discarded and, with no further suboptions, the single |
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793 remaining channel is left alone. Sound card drivers automatically play |
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794 single-channel audio in both speakers. This only works when the desired channel |
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795 is on the left. |
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796 </para> |
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797 |
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798 <bridgehead>Example: duplicate front channels to the rear</bridgehead> |
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799 <para> |
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800 Another common operation is to duplicate the front channels and play them back |
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801 on the rear speakers of a quadraphonic setup. |
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802 <orderedlist> |
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803 <listitem><para> |
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804 There should be four output channels. The first suboption is "4". |
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805 </para></listitem> |
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806 <listitem><para> |
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807 Each of the two front channels needs to be moved to the corresponding rear |
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808 channel and also to itself. This is four moves, so the second suboption is "4". |
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809 </para></listitem> |
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810 <listitem><para> |
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811 The left front (channel 0) needs to moved to the left rear (channel 2): "0:2". |
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812 The left front also needs to be moved to itself: "0:0". The right front (channel |
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813 1) is moved to the right rear (channel 3): "1:3", and also to itself: "1:1". |
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814 </para></listitem> |
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815 </orderedlist> |
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816 Combine all the suboptions to get: |
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817 |
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818 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=4:4:0:2:0:0:1:3:1:1</screen> |
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819 |
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820 </para> |
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821 |
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822 </sect3> |
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823 |
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824 |
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825 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-mixing"> |
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826 <title>Channel mixing</title> |
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827 |
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828 <para> |
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829 The <option>pan</option> filter can mix channels in user-specified proportions. |
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830 This allows for everything the <option>channels</option> filter can do and |
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831 more. Unfortunately, the suboptions are much more complicated. |
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832 <orderedlist> |
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833 <listitem><para> |
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834 Decide how many channels to work with. You may need to specify this with |
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835 <option>-channels</option> and/or <option>-af channels</option>. Later examples |
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836 will show when to use which. |
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837 </para></listitem> |
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838 <listitem><para> |
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839 Decide how many channels to feed into <option>pan</option> (further decoded |
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840 channels are discarded). This is the first suboption, and it also controls how |
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841 many channels to employ for output. |
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842 </para></listitem> |
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843 <listitem><para> |
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844 The remaining suboptions specify how much of each channel gets mixed into each |
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845 other channel. This is the complicated part. To break the task down, split the |
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846 suboptions into several sets, one set for each output channel. Each suboption |
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847 within a set corresponds to an input channel. The number you specify will be the |
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848 percentage of the input channel that gets mixed into the output channel. |
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849 </para> |
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850 <para> |
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851 <option>pan</option> accepts values from 0 to 512, yielding 0% to 51200% of the |
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852 original volume. Be careful when using values greater than 1. Not only can this |
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853 give you very high volume, but if you exceed the sample range of your sound card |
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854 you may hear painful pops and clicks. If you want you can follow |
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855 <option>pan</option> with <option>,volume</option> to enable clipping, but it is |
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856 best to keep the values of <option>pan</option> low enough that clipping is not |
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857 necessary. |
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858 </para></listitem> |
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859 </orderedlist> |
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860 </para> |
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861 |
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862 <bridgehead>Example: one channel in two speakers</bridgehead> |
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863 |
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864 <para> |
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865 Here is yet another example for playing the left channel in two speakers. Follow |
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866 the steps above: |
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867 <orderedlist> |
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868 <listitem><para> |
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869 <option>pan</option> should output two channels, so the first |
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870 suboption is "2". |
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871 </para></listitem> |
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872 <listitem><para> |
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873 Since we have two input channels, there will be two sets of suboptions. |
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874 Since there are also two output channels, |
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875 there will be two suboptions per set. |
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876 The left channel from the file should go with full volume to |
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877 the new left and the right channels. |
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878 Thus the first set of suboptions is "1:1". |
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879 The right channel should be discarded, so the second would be "0:0". |
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880 Any 0 values at the end can be left out, but for ease of |
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881 understanding we will keep them. |
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882 </para></listitem> |
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883 </orderedlist> |
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884 Putting those options together gives: |
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885 |
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886 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:1:0:0</screen> |
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887 |
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888 If the right channel is desired instead of the left, the suboptions to |
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889 <option>pan</option> will be "2:0:0:1:1". |
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890 </para> |
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891 |
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892 |
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893 <bridgehead>Example: left channel in two speakers shortcut</bridgehead> |
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894 |
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895 <para> |
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896 As with <option>channels</option>, there is a shortcut that only works with the |
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897 left channel: |
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898 |
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899 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af pan=1:1</screen> |
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900 |
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901 Since <option>pan</option> has only one channel of input (the other channel is |
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902 discarded), there is only one set with one suboption, which specifies that the |
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903 only channel gets 100% of itself. |
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904 </para> |
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905 |
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906 <bridgehead>Example: downmixing 6-channel PCM</bridgehead> |
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907 <para> |
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908 <application>MPlayer</application>'s decoder for 6-channel PCM is not capable of |
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909 downmixing. Here is a way to downmix PCM using <option>pan</option>: |
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910 <orderedlist> |
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911 <listitem><para> |
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912 The number of output channels is 2, so the first suboption is "2". |
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913 </para></listitem> |
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914 <listitem><para> |
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915 With six input channels there will be six sets of options. Fortunately, |
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916 since we only care about the output of the first two channels, we only need to |
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917 make two sets; the remaining four sets can be omitted. Beware that not all |
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918 multichannel audio files have the same channel order! This example |
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919 demonstrates downmixing a file with the same channels as AC3 5.1: |
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920 <programlisting> |
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921 0 - front left |
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922 1 - front right |
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923 2 - rear left |
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924 3 - rear right |
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925 4 - center front |
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926 5 - subwoofer |
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927 </programlisting> |
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928 The first set of suboptions lists the percentages of the original volume, in |
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929 order, which each output channel should receive from the |
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930 front left channel: "1:0". |
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931 The front right channel should go into the right output: "0:1". |
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932 The same for the rear channels: "1:0" and "0:1". |
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933 The center channel goes into both output channels with half volume: |
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934 "0.5:0.5", and the subwoofer goes into both with full volume: "1:1". |
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935 </para></listitem> |
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936 </orderedlist> |
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937 Put all that together, for: |
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938 |
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939 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>6-channel.wav</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:0:0:1:1:0:0:1:0.5:0.5:1:1</screen> |
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940 |
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941 The percentages listed above are only a rough example. Feel free to tweak them. |
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942 </para> |
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943 |
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944 <bridgehead>Example: Playing 5.1 audio on big speakers without a subwoofer</bridgehead> |
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945 |
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946 <para> |
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947 If you have a huge pair of front speakers you may not want to waste any money on |
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948 buying a subwoofer for a complete 5.1 sound system. If you use |
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949 <option>-channels 5</option> to request that liba52 decode 5.1 audio in 5.0, |
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950 the subwoofer channel is simply discarded. If you want to distribute the |
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951 subwoofer channel yourself you need to downmix manually with |
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952 <option>pan</option>: |
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953 |
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954 <orderedlist> |
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955 <listitem><para> |
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956 Since <option>pan</option> needs to examine all six channels, specify |
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957 <option>-channels 6</option> so liba52 decodes them all. |
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958 </para></listitem> |
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959 <listitem><para> |
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960 <option>pan</option> outputs to only five channels, the first suboption is 5. |
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961 </para></listitem> |
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962 <listitem><para> |
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963 Six input channels and five output channels means six sets of five suboptions. |
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964 <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
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965 <listitem><simpara> |
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966 The left front channel only replicates onto itself: |
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967 "1:0:0:0:0" |
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968 </simpara></listitem> |
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969 <listitem><simpara> |
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970 Same for the right front channel: |
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971 "0:1:0:0:0" |
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972 </simpara></listitem> |
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973 <listitem><simpara> |
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974 Same for the left rear channel: |
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975 "0:0:1:0:0" |
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976 </simpara></listitem> |
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977 <listitem><simpara> |
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978 And also the same for the right rear channel: |
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979 "0:0:0:1:0" |
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980 </simpara></listitem> |
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981 <listitem><simpara> |
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982 Center front, too: |
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983 "0:0:0:0:1" |
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984 </simpara></listitem> |
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985 <listitem><simpara> |
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986 And now we have to decide what to do with the subwoofer, |
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987 e.g. half into front right and front left: |
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988 "0.5:0.5:0:0:0" |
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989 </simpara></listitem> |
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990 </itemizedlist> |
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991 </para></listitem> |
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992 </orderedlist> |
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993 Combine all those options to get: |
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994 |
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995 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>dvd://1</replaceable> -channels 6 -af pan=5:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0.5:0.5:0:0:0</screen> |
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996 |
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997 </para> |
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998 |
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999 </sect3> |
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1000 |
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1001 </sect2> |
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1002 |
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1003 |
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1004 <sect2 id="advaudio-volume"> |
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1005 <title>Software Volume adjustment</title> |
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1006 |
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1007 <para> |
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1008 Some audio tracks are too quiet to be heard comfortably without amplification. |
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1009 This becomes a problem when your audio equipment cannot amplify the signal for |
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1010 you. The <option>-softvol</option> option directs |
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1011 <application>MPlayer</application> to use an internal mixer. You can then use |
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1012 the volume adjustment keys (by default <keycap>9</keycap> and |
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1013 <keycap>0</keycap>) to reach much higher volume levels. Note that this does not |
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1014 bypass your sound card's mixer; <application>MPlayer</application> only |
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1015 amplifies the signal before sending it to your sound card. |
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1016 |
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1017 The following example is a good start: |
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1018 |
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1019 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>quiet-file</replaceable> -softvol -softvol-max 300</screen> |
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1020 |
16406 | 1021 The <option>-softvol-max</option> option specifies the maximum allowable output |
1022 volume as a percentage of the | |
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1023 original volume. For example, <option>-softvol-max 200</option> would allow the |
16406 | 1024 volume to be adjusted up to twice its original level. |
1025 It is safe to specify a large value with | |
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1026 <option>-softvol-max</option>; the higher volume will not be used until you |
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1027 use the volume adjustment keys. The only disadvantage of a large value is that, |
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1028 since <application>MPlayer</application> adjusts volume by a percentage of the |
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1029 maximum, you will not have as precise control when using the volume adjustment |
16406 | 1030 keys. Use a lower value with <option>-softvol-max</option> and/or specify |
1031 <option>-volstep 1</option> if you need higher precision. | |
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1032 </para> |
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1033 |
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1034 <para> |
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1035 The <option>-softvol</option> option works by controlling the |
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1036 <option>volume</option> audio filter. If you want to play a file at a certain |
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1037 volume from the beginning you can specify <option>volume</option> manually: |
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1038 |
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1039 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>quiet-file</replaceable> -af volume=10</screen> |
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1040 |
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1041 This will play the file with a ten decibel gain. Be careful when using the |
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1042 <option>volume</option> filter - you could easily hurt your ears if you use |
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1043 too high a value. Start low and work your way up gradually until you get a feel |
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1044 for how much adjustment is required. Also, if you specify excessively high |
16406 | 1045 values, <option>volume</option> may need to clip the signal to avoid sending your |
16487 | 1046 sound card data that is outside the allowable range; this will result in |
1047 distorted audio. | |
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1048 </para> |
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1049 |
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1050 </sect2> |
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1051 |
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1052 </sect1> |
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1053 |
9675 | 1054 </chapter> |