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annotate DOCS/fr/encoding.html @ 9716:72f795ef6bf3

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author diego
date Sat, 29 Mar 2003 00:44:45 +0000
parents 0fe056bdb135
children 2bc0bd88379b
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3
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4 <HEAD>
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5 <TITLE>Encodage - MEncoder - L'encodeur vidéo pour Linux</TITLE>
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../default.css">
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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8 </HEAD>
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9
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10 <BODY>
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12
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13 <H1><A NAME="encoding">7. Encodage avec MEncoder</A></H1>
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14
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15 <P>Pour avoir la liste complète des options disponibles de MEncoder et des exemples,
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16 voir la page de man. Pour une série d'exemples pratiques et de guides détaillés
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17 sur l'utilisation des nombreux paramètres d'encodage, lisez les
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18 <A HREF="../tech/encoding-tips.txt">encoding-tips</A> (en anglais) qui ont
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19 été collectés sur de nombreuses threads de la liste de diffusion
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20 <A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-users">mplayer-users</A>.
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21 Cherchez dans les <A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">archives</A>
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22 pour trouver les discussions à propos de tous les aspects et problèmes relatif
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23 à l'encodage avec MEncoder.</P>
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24
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25 <H2><A NAME="2pass">7.1 Encodage MPEG-4 (&quot;DivX&quot;) 2 ou 3-passes</A></H2>
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26
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27 <P><U><B>Encodage 2-passes:</B></U> le nom vient du fait que cette méthode encode
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28 le fichier <I>deux fois</I>. Le premier encodage (<I>passe</I> doublée)
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29 créé quelques fichiers temporaires (*.log) avec une taille de quelques méga-octets,
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30 ne les détruisez pas tout de suite (vous pouvez effacer l'AVI). Dans la seconde
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31 passe, la fichier de sortie 2-passes est créé, en utilisant les données bitrate des
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32 fichiers temporaires. Le fichier résultant aura une image de bien meilleur qualité.
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33 Si c'est la première fois que vous entendez parler de ça, vous devriez consulter les
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34 guides disponibles sur le Net.</P>
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35
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36 <P>Cet exemple montre comment encoder un DVD en AVI MPEG-4 (&quot;DIVX&quot;) AVI 2-passes.
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37 Seules deux commandes sont requises:<BR>
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38 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - enlevez ce fichier, qui peut
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39 provenir d'un encodage 3-passes précédent (il interfère avec l'actuel)<BR>
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40 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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41 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o film.avi<BR>
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42 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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43 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o film.avi</CODE></P>
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44
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45 <P><U><B>Encodage 3-passes:</B></U> c'est une extension de l'encodage 2-passes,
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46 où l'encodage audio prends place dans une passe séparée. Cette méthode permet
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47 l'estimation du bitrate vidéo recommandé de façon à tenir sur un CD. De plus,
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48 l'audio n'est encodé qu'une fois, au contraire du mode 2-passes. Le principe:</P>
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49
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50 <OL>
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51 <LI>Supprimez les fichiers temporaires conflictuels:
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52 <P><CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></P></LI>
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53 <LI>Première passe:
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54 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;fichier/DVD&gt; -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3:more_options -o frameno.avi</CODE></P>
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55 <P>Un fichier avi en lecture seule sera créé, contenant <B>uniquement</B>
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56 le flux audio demandé. N'oubliez pas <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>,
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57 si vous en avez besoin. Si vous encodez un long film, MEncoder
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58 affiche le bitrate recommandé pour les tailles 650Mo, 700Mo, et 800Mo,
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59 après la fin de cette passe.</P></LI>
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60 <LI>Seconde passe:
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61 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;fichier/DVD&gt; -oac copy
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62 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:vbitrate=&lt;bitrate&gt;</CODE></P>
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63 <P>Ceci est la première passe de l'encodage vidéo.
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64 Éventuellement spécifiez le bitrate vidéo que MEncoder à affiché à la
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65 fin de la passe précédente.</P></LI>
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66 <LI>Troisième passe:
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67 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;fichier/DVD&gt; -oac copy
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68 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:vbitrate=&lt;bitrate&gt;</CODE></P>
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69 <P>Ceci est la seconde passe de l'encodage vidéo.
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70 Spécifiez le même bitrate vidéo que celui de la passe précédente à moins que vous
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71 ne sachiez réellement ce que vous faites. Dans cette passe, l'audio de <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE>
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72 sera inséré dans le fichier de destination.. et c'est tout prêt!</P></LI>
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73 </OL>
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74
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75 <H4>Exemple d'encodage 3-passes:</H4>
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76
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77 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - enlevez ce fichier, qui peut
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78 provenir d'un encodage 3-passes précédent (il interfère avec l'actuel)<BR>
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79 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno
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80 -o frameno.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3<BR>
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81 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc
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82 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o film.avi<BR>
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83 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc
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84 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o film.avi</CODE></P>
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85
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86
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87 <H2><A NAME="mpeg">7.2 Encodage au format MPEG</A></H2>
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88
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89 <P>MEncoder peut créer des fichier au format MPEG (MPEG-PS). Ceci n'est probablement
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90 utile qu'avec le codec <I>mpeg1video</I> de libavcodec, car les lecteurs
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91 - excepté MPlayer - attendent de la vidéo MPEG1, et de l'audio MPEG1 layer 2 (MP2)
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92 dans les fichiers MPEG.</P>
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93
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94 <P>Cette fonction n'est pas vraiment utile actuellement, car elle a probablement
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95 de nombreux bogues, mais plus important encore parce qu'actuellement MEncoder
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96 ne peut pas encoder l'audio MPEG1 layer 2 (MP2), qui est attendu par tous
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97 les autres lecteurs dans les fichiers MPEG.</P>
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98
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99 <P>Pour changer le format de sortie de MEncoder, utilisez l'option
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100 <CODE>-of mpeg</CODE>.</P>
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101
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102 <P>Exemple:<BR>
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103 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video
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104 -oac copy &lt;other options&gt; media.avi -o sortie.mpg</CODE></P>
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105
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106
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107 <H2><A NAME="rescaling">7.3 Redimensionnement des films</A></H2>
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108
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109 <P>Souvent le besoin de redimensionner les images d'un film se fait sentir.
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110 Les raisons peuvent être multiples: diminuer la taille du fichier, la bande passante
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111 du réseau, etc. La plupart des gens redimensionnement même en convertissant des
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112 DVDs ou SVCDs en AVI DivX. <B>C'est mauvais.</B> Plutôt que faire ça, lisez la
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113 section <A HREF="#aspect">Préserver l'aspect ratio</A>.</P>
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114
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115 <P>Le processus de zoom est géré par le filtre vidéo <I>'scale'</I>:
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116 <CODE>-vf scale=largeur:hauteur</CODE>. Sa qualité peut être réglée avec l'option
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117 <CODE>-sws</CODE>. Si elle n'est pas spécifiée, MEncoder utilisera 0:
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118 fast bilinear.</P>
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119
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120 <H4>Utilisation:</H4>
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121
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122 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder entree.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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123 vcodec=mpeg4 -vf scale=640:480 -oac copy -o
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124 sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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125
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126
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127 <H2><A NAME="copying">7.4 Copie de flux</A></H2>
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128
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129 <P>MEncoder peut gérer les flux entrant de deux façons: les <B>encoder</B>
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130 ou les <B>copier</B>. Cette section parle de la <B>copie</B>.</P>
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131
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132 <UL>
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133 <LI><B>Flux vidéo</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): on peut faire
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134 des choses sympa :)<BR>
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135 Comme, placer (pas convertir) de la vidéo FLI ou VIVO ou MPEG1 dans
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136 un fichier AVI. Bien sûr seul MPlayer peut lire de tels fichiers :) et
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137 ça n'a probablement pas de valeur réelle du tout. Concrètement: copier des
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138 flux vidéo peut être utile par exemple quand seul le flux audio doit être
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139 encodé (comme du PCM non-compressé en MP3).</LI>
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140
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141 <LI><B>Flux audio</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): très simple.
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142 Il est possible de prendre un fichier audio externe (MP3, Vorbis) et de le
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143 muxer dans le flux sortant. Utilisez l'option <CODE>-audiofile &lt;nomfichier&gt;</CODE>
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144 pour cela.</LI>
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145 </UL>
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146
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147
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148 <H2><A NAME="fixing">7.5 Réparer les fichiers AVIs ayant un index défectueux</A></H2>
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149
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150 <P>Facile. Nous copions simplement les flux vidéo et audio, et
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151 MEncoder génère l'index. Bien sûr cela ne peut pas réparer les bogues possibles
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152 dans les flux vidéo et/ou audio. Il répare également les fichiers avec un
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153 entrelacement endommagé, ainsi l'option <CODE>-ni</CODE> ne sera plus requise.</P>
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154
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155 <P>Commande: <CODE>mencoder -idx entree.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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156
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157
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158 <H3><A NAME="appending">7.5.1 Assembler plusieurs fichiers AVI</A></H3>
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159
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160 <P>Un effet secondaire de la fonction de réparation d'AVI permet à MEncoder d'assembler
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161 2 (ou plus) fichiers AVI:</P>
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162
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163 <P>Command: <CODE>cat 1.avi 2.avi | mencoder -noidx -ovc copy -oac copy -o sortie.avi -</CODE></P>
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164
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165 <P><B>Note:</B> Cela suppose que <CODE>1.avi</CODE> et <CODE>2.avi</CODE> utilisent
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166 les même codecs, résolution, débit, etc et qu'au moins 1.avi ne soit pas endommagé.
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167 Vous pouvez avoir besoin de réparer vos fichiers AVI d'entrée d'abord, comme décrit
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168 <A HREF="#fixing">ci-dessus</A>.</P>
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169
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170
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171 <H2><A NAME="libavcodec">7.6 Encodage avec la famille de codecs libavcodec</A></H2>
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172
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173 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> permet un encodage simple dans plein
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174 formats audio et vidéo intéressants (actuellement ses codecs audio ne sont pas
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175 supportés). Vous pouvez encoder avec les codecs suivants:</P>
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176
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177 <UL>
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178 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI>
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179 <LI>h263 - H263</LI>
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180 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI>
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181 <LI>mpeg4 - standard ISO (compatible DivX 4/5, OpenDivX, XVID)</LI>
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182 <LI>msmpeg4 - variante pré-standard de MPEG-4 par MS, v3 (alias DivX3)</LI>
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183 <LI>msmpeg4v2 - MPEG-4 pré-standard de MS, v2 (utilisé dans les anciens fichiers asf)</LI>
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184 <LI>wmv1 - Windows Media Video, version 1 (alias WMV7)</LI>
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185 <LI>rv10 - un vieux codec RealVideo</LI>
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186 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI>
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187 <LI>huffyuv - compression sans perte</LI>
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188 </UL>
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189
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190 <P>La première colonne contient le nom du codec qui devrait être passé après la
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191 config <CODE>vcodec</CODE>, comme: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P>
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192
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193 <P>Un exemple, avec compression MJPEG:<BR>
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194 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -o titre2.avi -ovc lavc
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195 -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -oac copy</CODE></P>
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196
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197
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198 <H2><A NAME="image_files">7.7 Encodage à partir de multiples fichiers image (JPEGs, PNGs ou TGAs)</A></H2>
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199
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200 <P>MEncoder est capable de créer des fichiers à partir de un ou plusieurs fichiers JPEG,
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201 PNG ou TGA. Avec une simple copie de trame il peut créer des fichiers
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202 MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) ou MTGA (Motion TGA).</P>
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203
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204 Explication du processus:
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205
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206 <OL>
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207 <LI>MEncoder <I>décode</I> le(s) image(s) d'origine avec
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208 <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> (pour encoder des PNGs, il utilisera <B>libpng</B>).</LI>
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209
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210 <LI>Mencoder envoie alors l'image décodée au compresseur vidéo choisi
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211 (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...).</LI>
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212 </OL>
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213
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214 <H4>Exemples</H4>
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215
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216 <P>Une explication de l'option <CODE>-mf</CODE> peut être trouvée plus bas dans la section des
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217 <A HREF="#options">options</A> globales et dans la page de man.</P>
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218
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219 <P><I>Créer un fichier DivX4 à partir de tous les fichiers JPEG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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220 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4
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221 -o sortie.avi \*.jpg</CODE></P>
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222
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223 <P><I>Créer un fichier DivX4 à partir de quelques fichiers JPEG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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224 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25
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225 -ovc divx4 -o sortie.avi trame001.jpg,trame002.jpg</CODE></P>
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226
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227 <P><I>Créer un fichier Motion JPEG (MJPEG) à partir de tous les fichiers JPEG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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228 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy
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229 -o sortie.avi \*.jpg</CODE></P>
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230
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231 <P><I>Créer un fichier non-compressé à partir de tous les fichiers PNG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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232 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc rawrgb
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233 -o sortie.avi \*.png</CODE></P>
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234
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235 <P><B>Note:</B> La largeur doit être un entier multiple de 4, c'est une limitation
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236 du format AVI RGB brut.</P>
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237
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238 <P><I>Créer un fichier Motion PNG (MPNG) à partir de tous les fichiers PNG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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239 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy
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240 -oac copy -o sortie.avi \*.png</CODE></P>
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241
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242 <P><I>Créer un fichier Motion TGA (MTGA) à partir de tous les fichiers TGA du rép courant:</I><BR>
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243 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy
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244 -o sortie.avi \*.tga</CODE></P>
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245
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246
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247 <H2><A NAME="vobsub">7.8 Extraction des sous-titres DVD dans un fichier Vobsub</A></H2>
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248
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249 <P>MEncoder est capable d'extraire les sous-titres d'un DVD dans des fichiers au format
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250 VobSub. Ils consistent en une paire de fichiers terminant par <CODE>.idx</CODE> et
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251 <CODE>.sub</CODE> et sont généralement compressés dans une seule archive <CODE>.rar</CODE>.
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252 MPlayer peut les lire avec les options <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> et <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE>.</P>
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253
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254 <P>Vous spécifiez le nom de base (c-a-d sans l'extension <CODE>.idx</CODE> ou
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255 <CODE>.sub</CODE>) des fichiers de sortie avec <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE> et
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256 l'index pour ces sous-titres dans le fichier final avec <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P>
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257
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258 <P>Si l'entrée n'est pas un DVD vous pouvez utiliser <CODE>-ifo</CODE> pour
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259 indiquer le fichier <CODE>.ifo</CODE> requis pour construire le fichier
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260 <CODE>.idx</CODE> final.</P>
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261
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262 <P>Si l'entrée n'est pas un DVD et que vous n'avez pas de fichier <CODE>.ifo</CODE>
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263 vous aurez besoin d'utiliser l'option <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> pour lui permettre
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264 de savoir quel id langue placer dans le fichier <CODE>.idx</CODE>.</P>
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265
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266 <P>Chaque étape ajoutera les sous-titres actifs dans les fichiers <CODE>.idx</CODE>
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267 et <CODE>.sub</CODE> dans les fichiers déjà existants. Vous devrez donc les
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268 enlever avant de commencer.</P>
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269
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270 <H4>Exemples</H4>
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271
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272 <P><I>Copier deux sous-titres d'un DVD pendant l'encodage 3-passes</I><BR>
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273 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm soustitres.idx soustitres.sub</CODE><BR>
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274 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout soustitres -vobsuboutindex 0
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275 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3</CODE><BR>
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276 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=1</CODE><BR>
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277 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=2 -vobsubout
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278 sous-titres -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P>
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279
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280 <P><I>Copier les sous-titres français depuis un fichier MPEG</I><BR>
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281 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm soustitres.idx soustitres.sub</CODE><BR>
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282 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder film.mpg -ifo film.ifo -vobsubout soustitres
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283 -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P>
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284
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285
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286 <H2><A NAME="aspect">7.9 Préserver l'aspect ratio</A></H2>
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287
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288 <P>Les fichiers des DVDs et des SVCDs (c-a-d MPEG1/2) contiennent une valeur
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289 d'aspect ratio, qui décrit comment le lecteur devrait dimensionner le flux
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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290 vidéo, pour que les humains n'aient pas des têtes d'oeuf (ex. 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480).
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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291 De toute façon, quand vous encodez un fichier AVI (DivX), vous devez être conscients
9289
f08b6945e839 patch by Pierre Lombard <p_l@gmx.fr>
nicolas
parents: 9286
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292 que les entêtes AVI ne stockent pas cette valeur. Redimensionner le film est
8381
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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293 dégouttant et coûteux en temps, il doit y avoir une meilleur fonction!</P>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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294
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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295 <P>Il y en a une.</P>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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296
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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297 <P>MPEG4 a une fonction unique: le flux vidéo peut contenir l'aspect ratio requis.
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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298 Oui, tout comme les fichiers MPEG1/2 (DVD, SVCD). Malheureusement, il n'y a pas
9286
nicolas
parents: 9167
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299 de lecteurs vidéo au dehors qui supportent cet attribut. Excepté MPlayer.</P>
8381
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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300
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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301 <P>Cette fonction ne peut être utilisé qu'avec le codec <CODE>mpeg4</CODE>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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302 de <B>libavcodec</B>. Gardez à l'esprit: bien que MPlayer lise correctement
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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303 le fichier créé, les autres lecteurs utiliseront un mauvais aspect ratio.</P>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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304
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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305 <P>Vous devriez sérieusement couper les bandes noires au dessus et en dessous de l'image.
8415
b230b50b5014 French translation synced by Nico Tourmentine <n@tourmentine.com>.
diego
parents: 8381
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306 Voir la page de man pour l'utilisation des filtres <CODE>cropdetect</CODE> et
b230b50b5014 French translation synced by Nico Tourmentine <n@tourmentine.com>.
diego
parents: 8381
diff changeset
307 <CODE>crop</CODE>.</P></P>
8381
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diego
parents:
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308
9363
nicolas
parents: 9332
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309 <H4>Utilisation:</H4>
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diego
parents:
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310
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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311 <P><CODE>$ mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts
9644
0fe056bdb135 vop -> vf change, small fixes. The Polish documentation should be checked for correctness.
jonas
parents: 9512
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312 vcodec=mpeg4:aspect=16.0/9.0 -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
8381
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diego
parents:
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313
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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314 </BODY>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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315 </HTML>