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annotate DOCS/French/encoding.html @ 8904:7f10024bd22d

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author nicolas
date Sat, 11 Jan 2003 23:26:09 +0000
parents bfbf482b01de
children 50ef2de1d9c4
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3
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4 <HEAD>
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5 <TITLE>Encodage - MEncoder - L'encodeur vidéo pour Linux</TITLE>
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css">
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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8 </HEAD>
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9
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10 <BODY>
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11
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12
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13 <H1><A NAME="encoding">7. Encodage avec MEncoder</A></H1>
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14
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15 <P>Pour avoir la liste complète des options disponibles de MEncoder et des exemples,
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16 voir la page de man.</P>
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17
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18 <H2><A NAME="2pass">7.1 Encodage MPEG-4 (&quot;DIVX&quot;) 2 ou 3-passes</A></H2>
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19
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20 <P><U><B>Encodage 2-passes:</B></U> le nom vient du fait que cette méthode encode
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21 le fichier <I>deux fois</I>. Le premier encodage (<I>passe</I> doublée)
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22 créé quelques fichiers temporaires (*.log) avec une taille de quelques méga-octets,
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23 ne les détruisez pas tout de suite (vous pouvez effacer l'AVI). Dans la seconde
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24 passe, la fichier de sortie 2-passes est créé, en utilisant les données bitrate des
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25 fichiers temporaires. Le fichier résultant aura une image de bien meilleur qualité.
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26 Si c'est la première fois que vous entendez parler de ça, vous devriez consulter les
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27 guides disponibles sur le Net.</P>
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28
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29 <P>Cet exemple montre comment encoder un DVD en AVI MPEG-4 (&quot;DIVX&quot;) AVI 2-passes.
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30 Seules deux commandes sont requises:<BR>
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31 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - enlevez ce fichier, qui peut
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32 provenir d'un encodage 3-passes précédent (il interfère avec l'actuel)<BR>
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33 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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34 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o film.avi<BR>
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35 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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36 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o film.avi</CODE></P>
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37
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38 <P><U><B>Encodage 3-passes:</B></U> c'est une extension de l'encodage 2-passes,
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39 où l'encodage audio prends place dans une passe séparée. Cette méthode permet
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40 l'estimation du bitrate vidéo recommandé de façon à tenir sur un CD. De plus,
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41 l'audio n'est encodé qu'une fois, au contraire du mode 2-passes. Le principe:</P>
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42
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43 <OL>
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44 <LI>Supprimez les fichiers temporaires conflictuels:
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45 <P><CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></P></LI>
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46 <LI>Première passe:
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47 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;fichier/DVD&gt; -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3:more_options -o frameno.avi</CODE></P>
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48 <P>Un fichier avi en lecture seule sera créé, contenant <B>uniquement</B>
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49 le flux audio demandé. N'oubliez pas <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>,
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50 si vous en avez besoin. Si vous encodez un long film, MEncoder
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51 affiche le bitrate recommandé pour les tailles 650Mo, 700Mo, et 800Mo,
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52 après la fin de cette passe.</P></LI>
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53 <LI>Seconde passe:
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54 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;fichier/DVD&gt; -oac copy
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55 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:vbitrate=&lt;bitrate&gt;</CODE></P>
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56 <P>Ceci est la première passe de l'encodage vidéo.
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57 Éventuellement spécifiez le bitrate vidéo que MEncoder à affiché à la
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58 fin de la passe précédente.</P></LI>
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59 <LI>Troisième passe:
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60 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;fichier/DVD&gt; -oac copy
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61 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:vbitrate=&lt;bitrate&gt;</CODE></P>
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62 <P>Ceci est la seconde passe de l'encodage vidéo.
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63 Spécifiez le même bitrate vidéo que celui de la passe précédente à moins que vous
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64 ne sachiez réélement ce que vous faites. Dans cette passe, l'audio de <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE>
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65 sera inséré dans le fichier de destination.. et c'est tout prêt!</P></LI>
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66 </OL>
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67
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68 <H4>Exemple d'encodage 3-passes:</H4>
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69
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70 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - enlevez ce fichier, qui peut
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71 provenir d'un encodage 3-passes précédent (il interfère avec l'actuel)<BR>
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72 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno
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73 -o frameno.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3<BR>
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74 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc
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75 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o film.avi<BR>
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76 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc
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77 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o film.avi</CODE></P>
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78
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79
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80 <H2><A NAME="rescaling">7.2 Redimensionnement des films</A></H2>
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81
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82 <P>Souvent le besoin de redimmensionner les images d'un film se fait sentir.
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83 Les raisons peuvent être multiples: diminuer la taille du fichier, la bande-passante
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84 du réseau, etc. La plupart des gens redimmensionnent même en convertissant des
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85 DVDs ou SVCDs en AVI DivX. <B>C'est mauvais.</B> Plutôt que faire ça, lisez la
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86 section <A HREF="#aspect">Préserver l'aspect ratio</A>.</P>
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87
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88 <P>Le processus de zoom est géré par le filtre vidéo <I>'scale'</I>:
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89 <CODE>-vop scale=largeur:hauteur</CODE>. Ca qualité peut être réglée avec l'option
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90 <CODE>-sws</CODE>. Si elle n'est pas spécifiée, MEncoder utilisera 0:
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91 fast bilinear.</P>
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92
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93 <H5>Utilisation:</H5>
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94
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95 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder entree.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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96 vcodec=mpeg4 -vop scale=640:480 -oac copy -o
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97 sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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98
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99
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100 <H2><A NAME="copying">7.3 Copie de flux</A></H2>
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101
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102 <P>MEncoder peut gérer les flux entrant de deux façons: les <B>encoder</B>
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103 ou les <B>copier</B>. Cette section parle de la <B>copie</B>.</P>
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104
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105 <UL>
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106 <LI><B>Flux vidéo</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): on peut faire
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107 des choses sympa :)<BR>
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108 Comme, placer (pas convertir) de la vidéo FLI ou VIVO ou MPEG1 dans
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109 un fichier AVI. Bien sûr seul MPlayer peut lire de tels fichiers :) et
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110 ça n'a probablement pas de valeur réelle du tout. Concrètement: copier des
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111 flux vidéo peut être utile par exemple quand seul le flux audio doit être
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112 encodé (comme du PCM non-compressé en MP3).</LI>
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113
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114 <LI><B>Flux audio</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): très simple.
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115 Il est possible de prendre un fichier audio externe (MP3, Vorbis) et de le
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116 muxer dans le flux sortant. Utilisez l'option <CODE>-audiofile &lt;nomfichier&gt;</CODE>
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117 pour cela.</LI>
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118 </UL>
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119
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120
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121 <H2><A NAME="fixing">7.4 Réparer les fichiers AVIs ayant un index défectueux</A></H2>
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122
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123 <P>Facile. Nous copions simplement les flux vidéo et audio, et
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124 MEncoder génère l'index. Bien sûr cela ne peut pas réparer les bogues possibles
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125 dans les flux vidéo et/ou audio. Il répare également les fichiers avec un
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126 entrelacement endommagé, ainsi l'option <CODE>-ni</CODE> ne sera plus requise.</P>
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127
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128 <P>Commande: <CODE>mencoder -idx entree.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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129
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130
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131 <H2><A NAME="libavcodec">7.5 Encodage avec la famille de codecs libavcodec</A></H2>
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132
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133 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> permet un encodage simple dans plein
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134 formats audio et vidéo intéressants (actuellement ses codecs audio ne sont pas
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135 supportés). Vous pouvez encoder avec les codecs suivants:</P>
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136
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137 <UL>
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138 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI>
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139 <LI>h263 - H263</LI>
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140 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI>
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141 <LI>mpeg4 - standard ISO (compatible DivX 4/5, OpenDivX, XVID)</LI>
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142 <LI>msmpeg4 - variante pré-standard de MPEG-4 par MS, v3 (alias DivX3)</LI>
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143 <LI>msmpeg4v2 - MPEG-4 pré-standard de MS, v2 (utilisé dans les anciens fichiers asf)</LI>
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144 <LI>wmv1 - Windows Media Video, version 1 (alias WMV7)</LI>
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145 <LI>rv10 - un vieux codec RealVideo</LI>
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146 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI>
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147 <LI>huffyuv - compression sans perte</LI>
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148 </UL>
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149
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150 <P>La première colonne contient le nom du codec qui devrait être passé après la
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151 config <CODE>vcodec</CODE>, comme: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P>
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152
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153 <P>Un exemple, avec compression MJPEG:<BR>
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154 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -o titre2.avi -ovc lavc
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155 -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -oac copy</CODE></P>
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156
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157
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158 <H2><A NAME="image_files">7.6 Encodage à partir de multiples fichiers image (JPEGs, PNGs ou TGAs)</A></H2>
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159
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160 <P>MEncoder est capable de créer des fichiers à partir de un ou plusieurs fichiers JPEG,
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161 PNG ou TGA. Avec une simple copie de trame il peut créer des fichiers
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162 MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) ou MTGA (Motion TGA).</P>
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163
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164 Explication du processus:
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165
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166 <OL>
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167 <LI>MEncoder <I>décode</I> le(s) image(s) d'origine avec
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168 <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> (pour encoder des PNGs, il utilisera <B>libpng</B>).</LI>
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169
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170 <LI>Mencoder envoie alors l'image décodée au compresseur vidéo choisi
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171 (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...).</LI>
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172 </OL>
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173
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174 <H4>Exemples</H4>
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175
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176 <P>Une explication de l'option <CODE>-mf</CODE> peut être trouvée plus bas dans la section des
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177 <A HREF="#options">options</A> globales et dans la page de man.</P>
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178
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179 <P><I>Créer un fichier DivX4 à partir de tous les fichiers JPEG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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180 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4
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181 -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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182
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183 <P><I>Créer un fichier DivX4 à partir de quelques fichiers JPEG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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184 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder trame001.jpg,trame002.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25
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185 -ovc divx4 -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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186
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187 <P><I>Créer un fichier Motion JPEG (MJPEG) à partir de tous les fichiers JPEG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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188 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy
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189 -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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190
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191 <P><I>Créer un fichier non-compressé à partir de tous les fichiers PNG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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192 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw
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193 -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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194
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195 <P><I>Créer un fichier Motion PNG (MPNG) à partir de tous les fichiers PNG du rép courant:</I><BR>
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196 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy
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197 -oac copy -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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198
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199 <P><I>Créer un fichier Motion TGA (MTGA) à partir de tous les fichiers TGA du rép courant:</I><BR>
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200 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.tga -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy
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201 -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
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202
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203
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204 <H2><A NAME="vobsub">7.7 Extractaction des sous-titres DVD dans un fichier Vobsub</A></H2>
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205
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206 <P>MEncoder est capable d'extraire les sous-titres d'un DVD dans des fichiers au format
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207 VobSub. Ils consistent en une paire de fichiers terminant par <CODE>.idx</CODE> et
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208 <CODE>.sub</CODE> et sont généralement compressés dans une seule archive <CODE>.rar</CODE>.
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209 Mplayer peut les lire avec les options <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> et <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE>.</P>
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210
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211 <P>Vous spécifiez le nom de base (c-a-d sans l'extension <CODE>.idx</CODE> ou
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212 <CODE>.sub</CODE>) des fichiers de sortie avec <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE> et
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213 l'index pour ces sous-titres dans le fichier final avec <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P>
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214
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215 <P>Si l'entrée n'est pas un DVD vous pouvez utiliser <CODE>-ifo</CODE> pour
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216 indiquer le fichier <CODE>.ifo</CODE> requis pour construire le fichier
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217 <CODE>.idx</CODE> final.</P>
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218
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219 <P>Si l'entrée n'est pas un DVD et que vous n'avez pas de fichier <CODE>.ifo</CODE>
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220 vous aurez besoin d'utiliser l'option <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> pour lui permettre
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221 de savoir quel id langue placer dans le fichier <CODE>.idx</CODE>.</P>
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222
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223 <P>Chaque étape ajoutera les sous-titres actifs dans les fichiers <CODE>.idx</CODE>
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224 et <CODE>.sub</CODE> dans les fichiers déjà existants. Vous devrez donc les
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225 enlever avant de commencer.</P>
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226
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227 <H4>Exemples</H4>
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228
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229 <P><I>Copier deux sous-titres d'un DVD pendant l'encodage 3-passes</I><BR>
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230 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm soustitres.idx soustitres.sub</CODE><BR>
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231 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout soustitres -vobsuboutindex 0
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232 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3</CODE><BR>
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233 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=1</CODE><BR>
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234 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=2 -vobsubout
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235 sous-titres -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P>
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236
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237 <P><I>Copier les sous-titres français depuis un fichier MPEG</I><BR>
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238 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm soustitres.idx soustitres.sub</CODE><BR>
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239 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder film.mpg -ifo film.ifo -vobsubout soustitres
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240 -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P>
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241
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242
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243 <H2><A NAME="aspect">7.8 Préserver l'aspect ratio</A></H2>
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244
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245 <P>Les fichiers des DVDs et des SVCDs (c-a-d MPEG1/2) contiennent une valeur
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246 d'aspect ratio, qui décrit comment le lecteur devrait dimensionner le flux
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247 vidéo, pour que les humains n'aient pas des têtes d'oeuf (ex. 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480).
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248 De toute façon, quand vous encodez un fichier AVI (DivX), vous devez être conscients
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249 que les entêtes AVI ne stockent pas cette valeur. Redimmensionner le film est
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250 dégouttant et coûteux en temps, il doit y avoir une meilleur fonction!</P>
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251
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252 <P>Il y en a une.</P>
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253
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254 <P>MPEG4 a une fonction unique: le flux vidéo peut contenir l'aspect ratio requis.
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255 Oui, tout comme les fichiers MPEG1/2 (DVD, SVCD). Malheureusement, il n'y a pas
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256 de lecteurs vidéo au dehors qui supportent cet attribut. Excepté Mplayer.</P>
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257
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258 <P>Cette fonction ne peut être utilisé qu'avec le codec <CODE>mpeg4</CODE>
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259 de <B>libavcodec</B>. Gardez à l'esprit: bien que MPlayer lise correctement
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260 le fichier créé, les autres lecteurs utiliseront un mauvais aspect ratio.</P>
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261
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262 <P>Vous devriez sérieusement couper les bandes noires au dessus et en dessous de l'image.
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263 Voir la page de man pour l'utilisation des filtres <CODE>cropdetect</CODE> et
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264 <CODE>crop</CODE>.</P></P>
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265
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266 <H5>Utilisation:</H5>
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267
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
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268 <P><CODE>$ mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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269 vcodec=mpeg4:aspect=16.0/9.0 -vop crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o sortie.avi</CODE></P>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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270
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
diego
parents:
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271 </BODY>
212b54e0d10f New shiny French translation by Nicolas Le Gaillart < n@tourmentine.com >.
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parents:
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272 </HTML>