annotate DOCS/xml/ru/tvinput.xml @ 20289:90dfe345a6d6

sync w/ r19738
author gpoirier
date Wed, 18 Oct 2006 12:06:11 +0000
parents a2f302d0f5f7
children bb605f1ccb4d
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
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2 <!-- synced with r17322 -->
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3 <chapter id="tv">
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4 <title>TV</title>
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5
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6 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV вход">
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7 <title>TV вход</title>
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8
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9 <para>
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10 В этой секции описывается, как включить <emphasis role="bold">просмотр/захват
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11 с V4L-совместимого TV тюнера</emphasis>. См. man страницу, для описания TV опций
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12 и кнопок управления.
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13 </para>
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14
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15
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16 <sect2 id="tv-compilation">
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17 <title>Компиляция</title>
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18
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19 <procedure>
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20 <step><para>
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21 Во-первых, Вам нужно перекомпилировать <application>MPlayer</application>,
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22 <filename>./configure</filename> автоматически обнаружит заголовки ядра,
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23 относящиеся к v4l, и наличие <filename>/dev/video*</filename> устройств.
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24 Если они существуют, будет собрана поддержка TV (см. вывод
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25 <filename>./configure</filename>).
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26 </para></step>
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27 <step><para>
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28 Убедитесь, что Ваш тюнер работает с другими TV приложениями под Linux,
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29 например <application>XawTV</application>.
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30 </para></step>
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31 </procedure>
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32 </sect2>
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33
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34 <sect2 id="tv-tips">
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35 <title>Советы по использованию</title>
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36 <para>
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37 Полный список опций доступен на страницах руководства (man).
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38 Вот всего несколько советов:
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39 </para>
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40 <itemizedlist>
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41 <listitem>
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42 <para>
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43 Используйте опцию <option>channels</option>. Пример:
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44 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen>
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45 Объяснение: при использовании такой опции, будут использоваться только каналы 26
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46 и 23, и, кроме того, будет приятный OSD текст при переключении между каналами,
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47 отображающий название канала. Пробелы в названиях каналов должны быть заменены
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48 символом &quot;_&quot;.
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49 </para>
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50 </listitem>
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51
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52 <listitem>
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53 <para>
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54 Выберите разумные размеры изображения. Размеры полученного
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55 изображения должны делиться на 16.
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56 </para>
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57 </listitem>
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58
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59 <listitem>
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60 <para>
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61 Если Вы захватываете видео с вертикальным разрешением выше половины полного
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62 разрешения (т.е. 288 для PAL или 240 для NTSC), то получаемые вами 'кадры'
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63 на самом деле будут чередующимися[interleaved] парами полей. В зависимости от того,
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64 что вы собираетесь делать с видео, можно оставить их в таком виде,
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65 произвести разрушающую (с возможной потерей качества) построчную развёртку,
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66 либо разделить пары обратно в отдельные поля.
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67 </para>
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68
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69 <para>
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70 Иначе Вы получите фильм с сильными искажениями в
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71 сценах с быстрыми движениями, и управление битпотоком, скорее всего, будет даже не
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72 в состоянии поддерживать необходимый уровень битпотока, поскольку артефакты
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73 чересстрочной развёртки создают огромное количество мелких деталей и поэтому
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74 отнимают большую часть полосы пропускания. Вы можете включить преобразование в построчную развёртку,
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75 используя <option>-vf pp=DEINT_TYPE</option>. Обычно <option>pp=lb</option>
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76 работает хорошо, но это уже субъективное мнение. Другие алгоритмы
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77 преобразования в построчную развёртку см. на man-странице и попробуйте их.
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78 </para>
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79 </listitem>
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80
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81 <listitem>
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82 <para>
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83 Обрежьте пустое пространство. Когда вы захватываете видео, зоны по краям, как правило,
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84 черны или содержат просто шум. Это опять съедает часть битпотока.
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85 Точнее, это не сами чёрные зоны, а контрастный переход от чёрного к более
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86 светлому видео, но это сейчас не важно. Прежде чем Вы начнёте захватывать,
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87 подстройте аргументы опции <option>crop</option>, чтобы обрезать весь мусор по
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88 краям. Ещё раз, не забудьте сохранить получившиеся размеры изображения
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89 разумными.
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90 </para>
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91 </listitem>
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92
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93 <listitem>
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94 <para>
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95 Отслеживайте загрузку CPU. Она не должна пересекать 90% границу большую часть
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96 времени. Если у Вас большой размер буфера захвата,
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97 <application>MEncoder</application> переживёт
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98 перегрузку в течение нескольких секунд, но не более того. Лучше отключить 3D
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99 OpenGL, хранители экрана и другую подобную гадость.
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100 </para>
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101 </listitem>
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102
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103 <listitem>
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104 <para>
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105 Не меняйте системные часы. <application>MEncoder</application> использует
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106 системные часы для A/V синхронизации. Если Вы переведёте системные часы
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107 (особенно назад), <application>MEncoder</application> запутается,
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108 и Вы начнёте терять кадры. Это особенно
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109 важный вопрос, если Вы подключены к сети и используете какие-нибудь программы
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110 синхронизации времени, в духе NTP. Вы должны отключить NTP во время захвата,
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111 если Вы действительно хотите сделать хорошую запись.
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112 </para>
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113 </listitem>
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114
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115 <listitem>
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116 <para>
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117 Изменяйте значение <option>outfmt</option> только если Вы знаете, что Вы
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118 делаете, или Ваши карта/драйвер не поддерживают значение по умолчанию
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119 (пространство цветов YV12). В старых версиях <application>MPlayer</application>/
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120 <application>MEncoder</application> было необходимо выставлять нужное значение
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121 формата вывода.
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122 Эта проблема должна быть решена в текущих версиях и опция <option>outfmt</option>
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123 больше не требуется, поскольку значение по умолчанию подходит в
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124 большинстве случаев. Например если Вы будете захватывать в DivX, используя
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125 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> и укажете
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126 <option>outfmt=RGB24</option> для улучшения качества
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127 полученного изображения, то Вы увидите, что в действительности, изображение все
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128 равно будет перекодировано в YV12, поэтому все что Вы получите, это огромная
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129 загрузка CPU.
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130 </para>
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131 </listitem>
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132
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133 <listitem>
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134 <para>
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135 Чтобы использовать пространство цветов I420 (<option>outfmt=i420</option>), Вы
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136 должны указать опцию <option>-vc rawi420</option> в связи с конфликтом fourcc с
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137 видео кодеком Intel Indeo.
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138 </para>
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139 </listitem>
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140
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141 <listitem>
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142 <para>
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143 Есть несколько путей захвата аудио. Вы можете получить звук, либо используя Вашу
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144 звуковую карту и внешний кабель, соединяющий видео карту и линейный вход[line-in],
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145 либо используя встроенный АЦП на чипе bt878. В этом случае, Вы должны
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146 загрузить драйвер <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis>. Читайте файл
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147 <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> (в дереве ядра, не
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148 <application>MPlayer</application>'а) с некоторыми инструкциями по использованию этого драйвера.
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149 </para>
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150 </listitem>
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151
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152 <listitem>
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153 <para>
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154 Если <application>MEncoder</application> не может открыть аудио устройство,
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155 убедитесь, что оно действительно доступно. Возможны некоторые трудности со
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156 звуковыми серверами, например arts (KDE) и esd (GNOME). Если у Вас
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157 полнодуплексная звуковая карта (почти все современные карты это поддерживают),
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158 и Вы используете KDE, попробуйте отметить галочку "full duplex" в меню настроек
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159 звукового сервера.
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160 </para>
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161 </listitem>
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162 </itemizedlist>
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163 </sect2>
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164
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165
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166 <sect2 id="tv-examples">
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167 <title>Примеры</title>
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168
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169 <informalexample>
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170 <para>
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171 Фиктивный вывод, AAlib :)
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172 <screen>
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173 mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aatv://<!--
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174 --></screen>
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175 </para>
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176 </informalexample>
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177
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178 <informalexample>
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179 <para>
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180 Ввод со стандартного V4L:
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181 <screen>
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182 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv://<!--
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183 --></screen>
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184 </para>
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185 </informalexample>
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186
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187 <informalexample>
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188 <para>
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189 Более изощрённый пример. Это заставляет <application>MEncoder</application> захватывать полное PAL
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190 изображение, обрезать края и изменить развёртку картинки на построчную, используя алгоритм
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191 линейного смешивания. Аудио сжимается до постоянного битпотока 64 кБ/с,
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192 используя LAME кодек. Эти установки подходят для захвата фильмов.
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193 <screen>
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194 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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195 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \
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196 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64 \
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197 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> tv://
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198 </screen>
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199 </para>
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200 </informalexample>
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201
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202 <informalexample>
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203 <para>
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204 Здесь, изображение будет дополнительно масштабировано до 384x288 и сжато с
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205 битпотоком 350 кБ/с в режиме высокого качества. Опция vqmax даёт волю
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206 квантайзеру и позволяет компрессору видео действительно достичь столь
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207 низкого битпотока, правда ценой качества. Это может быть полезно для захвата
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208 длинных TV серий, где качество не особенно важно.
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209 <screen>
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210 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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211 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \
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212 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 \
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213 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=lb,scale=384:288 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> tv://
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214 </screen>
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215 Также возможно указать меньшие размеры изображения в опции <option>-tv</option>
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216 и пропустить программное масштабирование, но приведённый подход использует
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217 максимальное доступное количество информации и чуть более устойчив к шуму.
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218 Чипы bt8x8 из-за аппаратных ограничений могут усреднять пиксели только по
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219 горизонтали.
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220 </para>
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221 </informalexample>
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222 </sect2>
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223 </sect1>
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224 </chapter>