Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/ru/mencoder.xml @ 23624:f86b9bcf2d03
Return value of gtk_entry_get_text is const, so declare variables as const as well.
author | reimar |
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date | Sun, 24 Jun 2007 12:43:45 +0000 |
parents | 4d0dd033b167 |
children | 46893ce2458e |
rev | line source |
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20514 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> |
23329 | 2 <!-- synced with r23342 --> |
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3 <chapter id="mencoder"> |
20514 | 4 <title>Основы использования <application>MEncoder</application></title> |
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5 |
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6 <para> |
20514 | 7 Полный список доступных опций <application>MEncoder</application> и примеры |
8 смотрите на странице руководства man. | |
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9 |
20514 | 10 Ряд наглядных примеров и подробные руководства по использованию отдельных |
11 параметров кодирования, можно узнать прочтя | |
12 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">советы по кодированию</ulink>, которые мы | |
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13 собрали из отдельных нитей[threads] рассылки MPlayer-users. В архивах |
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14 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mencoder-users/">здесь</ulink> |
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15 и, особенно по поводу старых вещей, |
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16 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">здесь</ulink> |
20514 | 17 найдется множество дискуссий, посвященных всех аспектам и проблемам кодирования |
18 при помощи <application>MEncoder</application>. | |
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19 </para> |
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20 |
21456 | 21 |
22 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
23 | |
24 | |
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25 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-codec"> |
20514 | 26 <title>Выбор кодеков и формата файлов</title> |
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27 |
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28 <para> |
21456 | 29 Аудио и видео кодеки для кодирования выбираются опциями |
30 <option>-oac</option> и <option>-ovc</option>, соответственно. | |
21700 | 31 Наберите для примера: |
21456 | 32 <screen>mencoder -ovc help</screen> |
33 чтобы получить список всех видео кодеков поддерживаемых | |
34 версией <application>MEncoder</application>, установленной на вашей машине. | |
35 Доступны следующие варианты: | |
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36 </para> |
21456 | 37 |
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38 <para> |
20514 | 39 Аудио кодеки: |
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40 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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41 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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42 <thead> |
21525 | 43 <row> |
44 <entry>Название кодека</entry> | |
45 <entry>Описание</entry></row> | |
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46 </thead> |
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47 <tbody> |
21525 | 48 <row> |
49 <entry>mp3lame</entry> | |
50 <entry>Кодируйте в VBR, ABR или CBR MP3 с LAME</entry> | |
51 </row> | |
52 <row> | |
53 <entry>lavc</entry> | |
21745 | 54 <entry>Используйте один из кодеков библиотеки <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-audio-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link></entry> |
21525 | 55 </row> |
56 <row> | |
57 <entry>faac</entry> | |
58 <entry>FAAC AAC аудио кодер</entry> | |
59 </row> | |
60 <row> | |
61 <entry>toolame</entry> | |
62 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 кодер</entry> | |
63 </row> | |
64 <row> | |
65 <entry>twolame</entry> | |
66 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 кодер, основанный на tooLAME</entry> | |
67 </row> | |
68 <row> | |
69 <entry>pcm</entry> | |
70 <entry>Несжатый PCM звук</entry> | |
71 </row> | |
72 <row> | |
73 <entry>copy</entry> | |
74 <entry>Не перекодировать, просто копировать сжатые кадры</entry> | |
75 </row> | |
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76 </tbody> |
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77 </tgroup> |
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78 </informaltable> |
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79 </para> |
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80 |
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81 <para> |
20514 | 82 Видео кодеки: |
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83 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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84 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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85 <thead> |
20514 | 86 <row><entry>Название кодека</entry><entry>Описание</entry></row> |
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87 </thead> |
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88 <tbody> |
21525 | 89 <row> |
90 <entry>lavc</entry> | |
21745 | 91 <entry>Используйте один из кодеков библиотеки <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-video-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link></entry> |
21525 | 92 </row> |
93 <row> | |
94 <entry>xvid</entry> | |
95 <entry>Xvid, MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) кодек</entry> | |
96 </row> | |
97 <row> | |
98 <entry>x264</entry> | |
99 <entry>x264, MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), AKA[он же] H.264 кодек</entry> | |
100 </row> | |
101 <row> | |
102 <entry>nuv</entry> | |
103 <entry>nuppel видео, используемое некоторыми приложениями реального времени</entry> | |
104 </row> | |
105 <row> | |
106 <entry>raw</entry> | |
107 <entry>Несжатые видео кадры</entry> | |
108 </row> | |
109 <row> | |
110 <entry>copy</entry> | |
111 <entry>Не перекодировать, просто скопировать сжатые кадры</entry> | |
112 </row> | |
113 <row> | |
114 <entry>frameno</entry> | |
115 <entry>Использовался для 3-х проходного кодирования (не рекомендуется)</entry> | |
116 </row> | |
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117 </tbody> |
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118 </tgroup> |
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119 </informaltable> |
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120 </para> |
21456 | 121 |
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122 <para> |
21456 | 123 Формат выходных файлов выбирается опцией <option>-of</option>. |
124 Наберите: | |
125 <screen>mencoder -of help</screen> | |
126 чтобы получить список всех форматов, поддерживаемых версией | |
127 <application>MEncoder</application>, установленного на вашей машине. | |
128 Доступны следующие варианты: | |
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129 </para> |
21456 | 130 |
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131 <para> |
20514 | 132 Форматы файлов: |
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133 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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134 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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135 <thead> |
20514 | 136 <row><entry>Название формата</entry><entry>Описание</entry></row> |
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137 </thead> |
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138 <tbody> |
21525 | 139 <row> |
140 <entry>lavf</entry> | |
141 <entry>Один из форматов, поддерживаемых библиотекой | |
142 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem></entry> | |
143 </row> | |
144 <row> | |
145 <entry>avi</entry> | |
146 <entry>'Слоеное' Аудио-Видео</entry> | |
147 </row> | |
148 <row> | |
149 <entry>mpeg</entry> | |
150 <entry>MPEG-1 и MPEG-2 PS</entry> | |
151 </row> | |
152 <row> | |
153 <entry>rawvideo</entry> | |
21700 | 154 <entry>сырой видео поток (без мультиплексирования - только видео поток)</entry> |
21525 | 155 </row> |
156 <row> | |
157 <entry>rawaudio</entry> | |
21700 | 158 <entry>сырой аудио поток (без мультиплексирования - только аудио поток)</entry> |
21525 | 159 </row> |
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160 </tbody> |
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161 </tgroup> |
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162 </informaltable> |
21456 | 163 AVI является родным форматом для <application>MEncoder</application>, |
164 что означает наилучшую его поддержку, | |
165 <application>MEncoder</application> изначально разрабатывался для этого формата. | |
166 Как замечено выше, другие форматы тоже пригодны, но | |
167 вы можете столкнуться с проблемами при их использовании. | |
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168 </para> |
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169 |
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170 <para> |
20514 | 171 форматы файлов библиотеки <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>: |
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172 </para> |
21456 | 173 |
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174 <para> |
21456 | 175 Если вы выбрали <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> для |
21700 | 176 мультиплексирования выходного файла (используя <option>-of lavf</option>), |
21456 | 177 подходящий формат файла будет определен по расширению выходного файла. |
178 Вы можете заставить использовать конкретный формат опцией | |
179 <option>format</option> библиотеки | |
180 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>. | |
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181 |
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182 <informaltable frame="all"> |
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183 <tgroup cols="2"> |
21456 | 184 <thead><row> |
185 <entry>название формата <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem></entry><entry>Описание</entry> | |
186 </row></thead> | |
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187 <tbody> |
21525 | 188 <row> |
189 <entry>mpg</entry> | |
190 <entry>MPEG-1 и MPEG-2 PS</entry> | |
191 </row> | |
192 <row> | |
193 <entry>asf</entry> | |
194 <entry>Advanced Streaming Format</entry> | |
195 </row> | |
196 <row> | |
197 <entry>avi</entry> | |
198 <entry>'Слоеное' Аудио-Видео</entry> | |
199 </row> | |
200 <row> | |
201 <entry>wav</entry> | |
202 <entry>Waveform Аудио</entry> | |
203 </row> | |
204 <row> | |
205 <entry>swf</entry> | |
206 <entry>Macromedia Flash</entry> | |
207 </row> | |
208 <row> | |
209 <entry>flv</entry> | |
210 <entry>Macromedia Flash видео</entry> | |
211 </row> | |
212 <row> | |
213 <entry>rm</entry> | |
214 <entry>RealMedia</entry> | |
215 </row> | |
216 <row> | |
217 <entry>au</entry> | |
218 <entry>SUN AU</entry> | |
219 </row> | |
220 <row> | |
221 <entry>nut</entry> | |
222 <entry> | |
223 открытый формат NUT (экспериментальный и пока не полностью соответствующий спецификации) | |
224 </entry> | |
225 </row> | |
226 <row> | |
227 <entry>mov</entry> | |
228 <entry>QuickTime</entry> | |
229 </row> | |
230 <row> | |
231 <entry>mp4</entry> | |
232 <entry>MPEG-4 формат</entry> | |
233 </row> | |
234 <row> | |
235 <entry>dv</entry> | |
236 <entry>Sony Digital Видео формат</entry> | |
237 </row> | |
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238 </tbody> |
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239 </tgroup> |
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240 </informaltable> |
21456 | 241 Как видите, <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> |
21700 | 242 позволяет <application>MEncoder</application> мультиплексировать во |
21456 | 243 множество форматов. |
244 К сожалению, поскольку <application>MEncoder</application> изначально не разрабатывался | |
245 для поддержки форматов, отличных от AVI, вам следует относиться к результирующему | |
21700 | 246 файлу с определенной долей паранойи. Убедитесь, что в порядке Аудио/видео синхронизация, и |
21456 | 247 файл воспроизводится не только в <application>MPlayer</application>. |
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248 </para> |
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249 |
23329 | 250 <example id="encode_to_macromedia_flash_format"> |
21525 | 251 <title>Кодирование в формат Macromedia Flash</title> |
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252 <para> |
21456 | 253 Создание видео Macromedia Flash, подходящего для воспроизведения в веб браузере плагином |
254 Macromedia Flash: | |
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255 <screen> |
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256 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.flv</replaceable> -of lavf \ |
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257 -oac mp3lame -lameopts abr:br=56 -srate 22050 -ovc lavc \ |
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258 -lavcopts vcodec=flv:vbitrate=500:mbd=2:mv0:trell:v4mv:cbp:last_pred=3 |
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259 </screen> |
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260 </para> |
21525 | 261 </example> |
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262 |
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263 </sect1> |
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264 |
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265 |
21456 | 266 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
267 | |
268 | |
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269 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-input"> |
20514 | 270 <title>Выбор входного файла или устройства</title> |
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271 |
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272 <para> |
21456 | 273 <application>MEncoder</application> может кодировать из файлов или непосредственно |
274 с DVD или VCD диска. | |
275 Просто укажите имя файла в командной строке для кодирования из файла, | |
276 или <option>dvd://</option><replaceable>номер_ролика</replaceable> или | |
21700 | 277 <option>vcd://</option><replaceable>номер_дорожки</replaceable> для кодирования |
21456 | 278 DVD ролика или VCD дорожки. |
279 Если вы уже скопировали DVD на жесткий диск (може воспользоваться утилитой вроде | |
280 <application>dvdbackup</application>, доступной на многих системах), | |
21700 | 281 и желаете кодировать из копии, вледует по-прежнему использовать |
21456 | 282 <option>dvd://</option> синтаксис, вместе с <option>-dvd-device</option> |
283 с последующим путек к корню копии DVD. | |
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284 |
21456 | 285 Опции <option>-dvd-device</option> и <option>-cdrom-device</option> также могут |
21700 | 286 быть использованы для переопределения путей к файлам устройств для |
21456 | 287 чтения прямо с диска, если значения по-умолчанию |
288 <filename>/dev/dvd</filename> и <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename> не подходят для | |
289 вашей системы. | |
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290 </para> |
21456 | 291 |
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292 <para> |
21456 | 293 При кодировании с DVD, часто бывает желательно выбрать раздел или диапазон |
294 разделов для кодирования. для этой цели можно использовать опцию | |
295 <option>-chapter</option>. | |
21700 | 296 Например, <option>-chapter</option> <replaceable>1-4</replaceable> |
297 будет кодировать только разделы DVD с 1-го по 4-й. | |
21456 | 298 Это особенно полезно при кодировании 1400Мб с целью уместить их на 2 CD, |
299 так как вы можете разбить фильм точно на границе раздела, вместо | |
300 середины некоторой сцены. | |
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301 </para> |
21456 | 302 |
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303 <para> |
20514 | 304 Если у вас есть поддерживаемая карта TV захвата, вы также можете |
305 кодировать с TV входа. | |
21700 | 306 Используйте <option>tv://</option><replaceable>номер_канала</replaceable> в качестве |
20514 | 307 имени файла, и опцию <option>-tv</option> для настройки различный параметров захвата. |
308 DVB вход работает аналогично. | |
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309 </para> |
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310 </sect1> |
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311 |
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312 |
21456 | 313 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
314 | |
315 | |
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316 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4"> |
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317 <title>Двухпроходное кодирование MPEG-4 ("DivX")</title> |
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318 <para> |
21525 | 319 Название происходит из того факта, что кодирование файла производится |
320 <emphasis>дважды</emphasis>. | |
20514 | 321 Первое кодирование (дублирующий проход) создает несколько временных файлов |
322 (<filename>*.log</filename>) размером в несколько мегабайт, не удаляйте их пока | |
323 (вы можете удалить AVI или вообще не создавать видеофайл, перенаправив его | |
324 в <filename>/dev/null</filename>). На втором проходе, с использованием данных о | |
21700 | 325 битпотоке из временных файлов, формируется готовый выходной. Получившийся файл |
20514 | 326 будет иметь намного лучшее качество картинки. Если слышите об этом в первый раз, |
327 обратитесь к руководствам, которые можно найти в интернет. | |
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328 </para> |
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329 |
20040 | 330 <example id="copy_audio_track"> |
20514 | 331 <title>копирование звуковой дорожки</title> |
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332 <para> |
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333 Кодирование (двухпроходное) второй дорожки DVD в MPEG-4 ("DivX") AVI с |
20514 | 334 копированием звуковой дорожки. |
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335 <screen> |
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336 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o /dev/null |
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337 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 \ |
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338 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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339 </screen> |
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340 </para> |
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341 </example> |
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342 |
20040 | 343 <example id="encode_audio_track"> |
20514 | 344 <title>кодирование звуковой дорожки</title> |
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345 <para> |
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346 Кодирование (в два прохода) DVD в MPEG-4 ("DivX") AVI с кодированием |
20514 | 347 звуковой дорожки в MP3. Будьте аккуратны, используя этот метод, так как в некоторых случаях |
348 это может привести к рассинхронизации аудио/видео. | |
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349 <screen> |
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350 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 \ |
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351 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o /dev/null |
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352 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 \ |
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353 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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354 </screen> |
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355 </para> |
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356 </example> |
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357 </sect1> |
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358 |
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359 |
21456 | 360 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
361 | |
362 | |
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363 <sect1 id="menc-feat-handheld-psp"> |
20514 | 364 <title>Кодирование в Sony PSP видео формат</title> |
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365 |
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366 <para> |
21456 | 367 <application>MEncoder</application> поддерживает кодирование в видео формат |
368 Sony PSP, но, в зависимости от ревизии программного обеспечения PSP, | |
369 с различными ограничениями. Можете не беспокоиться, если не будете | |
370 нарушать следующие ограничения: | |
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371 <itemizedlist> |
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372 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 373 <emphasis role="bold">Битовый поток</emphasis>: не должен превышать 1500кбит/с, |
374 тем не менее, последние версии очень хорошо поддерживали любой битрейт, пока | |
375 заголовок не требовал черезчур большого значения. | |
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376 </para></listitem> |
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377 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 378 <emphasis role="bold">Размеры</emphasis>: ширина и высота PSP видео должна быть |
379 кратна 16, а произведение ширина * высота не должно превышать 64000. | |
380 В некоторых случаях возможно воспроизведение видео большего размера. | |
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381 </para></listitem> |
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382 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 383 <emphasis role="bold">Звук</emphasis>: частота дискретизации должна быть |
384 24кГц для MPEG-4, и 48кГц для H.264. | |
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385 </para></listitem> |
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386 </itemizedlist> |
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387 </para> |
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388 |
20040 | 389 <example id="encode_for_psp"> |
20514 | 390 <title>Кодирование для PSP</title> |
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391 <para> |
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392 <screen> |
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393 mencoder -ofps 30000/1001 -af lavcresample=24000 -vf harddup -of lavf \ |
21456 | 394 -oac lavc -ovc lavc -lavcopts aglobal=1:vglobal=1:vcodec=mpeg4:acodec=aac \ |
395 -lavfopts format=psp:i_certify_that_my_video_stream_does_not_use_b_frames \ | |
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396 <replaceable>input.video</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.psp</replaceable> |
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397 </screen> |
21456 | 398 Заметьте, что можно задать заголовок видео опцией |
399 <option>-info name=<replaceable>Заголовок_Фильма</replaceable></option>. | |
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400 </para> |
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401 </example> |
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402 </sect1> |
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403 |
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404 |
21456 | 405 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
406 | |
407 | |
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408 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg"> |
20514 | 409 <title>Кодирование в MPEG формат</title> |
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410 <para> |
20514 | 411 <application>MEncoder</application> может создавать файлы формата MPEG (MPEG-PS). |
412 MPEG-1 или MPEG-2 обычно используют по причине кодирования в более | |
413 ограниченные форматы, такие как SVCD, VCD или DVD. | |
414 Особые требования для этих форматов описаны в | |
415 <link linkend="menc-feat-vcd-dvd"> руководстве по созданию VCD и DVD</link> | |
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416 section. |
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417 </para> |
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418 |
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419 <para> |
20514 | 420 Чтобы сменить формат выходного файла <application>MEncoder</application>, используйте |
421 опцию <option>-of mpeg</option>. | |
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422 </para> |
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423 |
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424 <informalexample> |
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425 <para> |
20514 | 426 Пример: |
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427 <screen> |
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428 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts |
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429 vcodec=mpeg1video \ |
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430 -oac copy <replaceable>other_options</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable> |
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431 </screen> |
20514 | 432 Создается файл MPEG-1 пригодный для воспроизведения на системах с минимальной поддержкой |
433 мультимедиа, таких как только что установленные Windows: | |
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434 <screen> |
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435 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -mpegopts format=mpeg1:tsaf:muxrate=2000 \ |
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436 -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable> -oac lavc -lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 -ovc lavc \ |
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437 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video:vbitrate=1152:keyint=15:mbd=2:aspect=4/3 |
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438 </screen> |
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439 То же, но используя <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> MPEG |
21440 | 440 мультиплексор: |
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441 <screen> |
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442 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>VCD.mpg</replaceable> -ofps 25 -vf scale=352:288,harddup -of lavf \ |
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443 -lavfopts format=mpg:i_certify_that_my_video_stream_does_not_use_b_frames \ |
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444 -oac lavc -lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 -ovc lavc \ |
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445 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video:vrc_buf_size=327:keyint=15:vrc_maxrate=1152:vbitrate=1152:vmax_b_frames=0 |
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446 </screen> |
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447 </para> |
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448 </informalexample> |
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449 |
20514 | 450 <note><title>Подсказка:</title> |
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451 <para> |
21456 | 452 Если по каким-то причинам видео после второго прохода вас не устраивает, |
453 можно снова запустить кодирование с другими значениями битпотока, при | |
454 условии, что вы сохранили статистику предыдущего прохода. | |
455 Это возможно, потому что основная задача файла со статистикой - записывать | |
456 сложность каждого кадра, которая жестко с битпотоком не связана. | |
457 Следует иметь в виду, что, несмотря на это, лучшее качество получается если | |
458 значения результирующего битпотока всех проходов не сильно отличаются. | |
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459 </para> |
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460 </note> |
21456 | 461 </sect1> |
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462 |
21456 | 463 |
464 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
465 | |
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466 |
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467 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale"> |
20514 | 468 <title>Масштабирование фильмов</title> |
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469 |
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470 <para> |
20514 | 471 Часто возникает потребность изменить размер изображения у фильма. |
472 Причин может быть много: уменьшение размера файла, пропускная способность сети, | |
473 и т.д. Большинство производят масштабирование даже при конвертации DVD или SVCD в AVI. | |
474 Если есть желание провести масштабирование, прочтите раздел | |
475 <link linkend="aspect">Сохранение пропорций</link>. | |
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476 </para> |
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477 |
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478 <para> |
20514 | 479 Процесс масштабирование осуществляется плагином <literal>scale</literal>: |
480 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>ширина</replaceable>:<replaceable>высота</replaceable></option>. | |
481 Качество может быть установлено опцией <option>-sws</option>. | |
482 Если не указано, <application>MEncoder</application> будет использовать 2: бикубическое. | |
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483 </para> |
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484 |
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485 <para> |
20514 | 486 Использование: |
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487 <screen> |
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488 mencoder <replaceable>input.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell \ |
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489 -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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490 </screen> |
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491 </para> |
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492 </sect1> |
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493 |
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494 |
21456 | 495 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
496 | |
497 | |
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498 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy"> |
20514 | 499 <title>копирование потока</title> |
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500 |
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501 <para> |
21700 | 502 <application>MEncoder</application> может обрабатывать входные потоки двумя способами: |
20514 | 503 <emphasis role="bold">кодировать</emphasis> или <emphasis role="bold">копировать</emphasis> |
504 их. Этот раздел о <emphasis role="bold">копировании</emphasis>. | |
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505 </para> |
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506 |
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507 <itemizedlist> |
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508 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 509 <emphasis role="bold">Видео поток</emphasis> (опция <option>-ovc copy</option>): |
510 можно делать классные вещи :) Вроде помещения (не преобразования!) FLI или VIVO или | |
511 MPEG-1 видео в AVI файл! Конечно, проиграть такие файлы сможет только | |
512 <application>MPlayer</application> :) И, возможно, никакого реальной пользы в | |
513 этом нет. Реально: копирование видеопотока может быть полезно, если надо кодировать только | |
514 аудио поток (например, несжатый PCM в MP3). | |
21456 | 515 </para></listitem> |
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516 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 517 <emphasis role="bold">Аудио поток</emphasis> (опция <option>-oac copy</option>): |
518 straightforward. Возможно взять внешний файл (MP3, WAV) и уплотнить[mux] его в выходной | |
519 поток. Воспользуйтесь опцией <option>-audiofile <replaceable>имя_файла</replaceable></option>, | |
520 чтобы сделать это. | |
21456 | 521 </para></listitem> |
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522 </itemizedlist> |
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523 |
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524 <para> |
21456 | 525 Использование <option>-oac copy</option> для копирования из одного формата в другой |
21700 | 526 может потребовать указания <option>-fafmttag</option> для сохранения тэга аудио формата |
21456 | 527 из оригинального файла. Например, если вы преобразовываете NSV файл со звуком AAC |
528 в формат AVI, аудио формат будет неверен и должен быть изменен. Чтобы получить список | |
529 тэгов аудио формата проверьте <filename>codecs.conf</filename>. | |
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530 </para> |
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531 |
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532 <para> |
20514 | 533 Пример: |
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534 <screen> |
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535 mencoder <replaceable>input.nsv</replaceable> -oac copy -fafmttag 0x706D \ |
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536 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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537 </screen> |
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538 </para> |
21456 | 539 </sect1> |
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540 |
21456 | 541 |
542 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
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543 |
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544 |
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545 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images"> |
20514 | 546 <title>Кодирование из нескольких входных файлов изображений (JPEG, PNG, TGA, SGI)</title> |
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547 |
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548 <para> |
20514 | 549 <application>MEncoder</application> может создавать фильмы из одного или более |
21456 | 550 JPEG, PNG, TGA или других файлов изображений. Простым копированием кадров он может создавать MJPEG |
20514 | 551 (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG) или MTGA (Motion TGA) файлы. |
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552 </para> |
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553 |
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554 <orderedlist> |
20514 | 555 <title>Разъяснение процесса:</title> |
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556 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 557 <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>декодирует</emphasis> изображение(я) с помощью |
558 <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem> (при декодировании PNG, он будет | |
559 использовать <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>). | |
21456 | 560 </para></listitem> |
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561 <listitem><para> |
20514 | 562 <application>MEncoder</application> затем скармливает декодированное изображение выбранному |
20879 | 563 видео компрессору (DivX4, Xvid, FFmpeg msmpeg4, и .т.д). |
21456 | 564 </para></listitem> |
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565 </orderedlist> |
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566 |
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567 <formalpara> |
20514 | 568 <title>примеры</title> |
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569 <para> |
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570 The explanation of the <option>-mf</option> option is in the man page. |
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571 |
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572 <informalexample> |
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573 <para> |
20514 | 574 Создание файла MPEG-4 из всех JPEG файлов текущего каталога: |
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575 <screen> |
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576 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc \ |
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577 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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578 </screen> |
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579 </para> |
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580 </informalexample> |
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581 |
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582 <informalexample> |
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583 <para> |
20514 | 584 Создание файла MPEG-4 из некоторых JPEG файлов текущего каталога: |
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585 <screen> |
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586 mencoder mf://<replaceable>frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg \ |
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587 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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588 </screen> |
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589 </para> |
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590 </informalexample> |
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591 |
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592 <informalexample> |
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593 <para> |
20514 | 594 Создание файла MPEG-4 из явного списка JPEG файлов (list.txt в текущем каталоге содержит |
595 список файлов, используемых в качестве источника, по одному в строке): | |
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596 <screen> |
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597 mencoder mf://<replaceable>@list.txt</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg \ |
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598 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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599 </screen> |
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600 </para> |
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601 </informalexample> |
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602 |
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603 Вы можете смешивать различные типы изображений независимо от используемого |
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604 метода — отдельные файлы, маска или файл со списком — при условии, |
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605 конечно, что они имеют одинаковое разрешение. |
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606 Так что вы можете, например, взять титульный кадр из PNG файла, а затем |
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607 поместить слайдшоу из JPEG фотографий. |
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608 |
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609 <informalexample> |
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610 <para> |
20514 | 611 Создание файла Motion JPEG (MJPEG) из всех JPEG файлов текущего каталога: |
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612 <screen> |
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613 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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614 </screen> |
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615 </para> |
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616 </informalexample> |
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617 |
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618 <informalexample> |
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619 <para> |
20514 | 620 Создание несжатого файла из всех PNG файлов текущего каталога: |
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621 <screen> |
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622 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable> |
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623 </screen> |
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624 </para> |
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625 </informalexample> |
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626 |
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627 <note><para> |
20514 | 628 Ширина должна быть целым числом, кратным 4, это ограничение формата RAW RGB AVI. |
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629 </para></note> |
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630 |
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631 <informalexample> |
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632 <para> |
20514 | 633 Создание файла Motion PNG (MPNG) из всех PNG файлов текущего каталога: |
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634 <screen> |
21456 | 635 mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable><!-- |
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636 --></screen> |
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637 </para> |
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638 </informalexample> |
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639 |
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640 <informalexample> |
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641 <para> |
20514 | 642 Создание файла Motion TGA (MTGA) из всех TGA файлов текущего каталога: |
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643 <screen> |
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644 mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable><!-- |
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645 --></screen> |
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646 </para> |
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647 </informalexample> |
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648 </para> |
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649 </formalpara> |
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650 </sect1> |
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651 |
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652 |
21456 | 653 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
654 | |
655 | |
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656 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub"> |
20514 | 657 <title>Извлечение DVD субтитров в файл VOBsub</title> |
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658 |
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659 <para> |
20514 | 660 <application>MEncoder</application> способен извлекать субтитры из DVD в файлы формата |
661 VOBsub. Они состоят из пары файлов, оканчивающихся на | |
662 <filename>.idx</filename> и <filename>.sub</filename> и обычно | |
663 упакованы в один <filename>.rar</filename> архив. | |
664 <application>MPlayer</application> может воспроизводить из при помощи опций | |
665 <option>-vobsub</option> и <option>-vobsubid</option>. | |
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666 </para> |
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667 |
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668 <para> |
20514 | 669 Вы указываете базовое имя (т.е. без расширения <filename>.idx</filename> или |
670 <filename>.sub</filename>) выходных файлов с помощью | |
671 <option>-vobsubout</option> и индекс этих субтитров в результирующем файле | |
672 при помощи <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>. | |
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673 </para> |
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674 |
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675 <para> |
20514 | 676 Если источником является не DVD следует использовать <option>-ifo</option> для |
677 указания указания файла <filename>.ifo</filename>, необходимого для создания | |
678 результирующего <filename>.idx</filename> файла. | |
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679 </para> |
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680 |
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681 <para> |
20514 | 682 Если источником является не DVD и у вас нет <filename>.ifo</filename> файла, |
683 используйте опцию <option>-vobsubid</option> для указания, какой ид языка | |
684 следует записать в <filename>.idx</filename> файл. | |
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685 </para> |
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686 |
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687 <para> |
20514 | 688 При каждом запуске субтитры будут добавляться в конец файлов, если |
689 <filename>.idx</filename> и <filename>.sub</filename> уже существуют. | |
690 Так что вам следует удалять их перед началом. | |
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691 </para> |
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692 |
20040 | 693 <example id="copying_two_subtitles_from_a_dvd_while_doing_two_pass_encoding"> |
20514 | 694 <title>копирование двух субтитров из DVD при выполнении двухпроходного кодирования</title> |
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695 <screen> |
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696 rm <replaceable>subtitles.idx</replaceable> <replaceable>subtitles.sub</replaceable> |
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697 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 \ |
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698 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2 |
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699 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 \ |
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700 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!-- |
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701 --></screen> |
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702 </example> |
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703 |
20040 | 704 <example id="copying_a_french_subtitle_from_an_mpeg_file"> |
20514 | 705 <title>Копирование французских субтитров из MPEG файла</title> |
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706 <screen> |
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707 rm <replaceable>subtitles.idx</replaceable> <replaceable>subtitles.sub</replaceable> |
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708 mencoder <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>movie.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout <replaceable>subtitles</replaceable> -vobsuboutindex 0 \ |
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709 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1 -nosound -ovc copy |
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710 </screen> |
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711 </example> |
21456 | 712 </sect1> |
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713 |
21456 | 714 |
715 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
716 | |
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717 |
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718 <sect1 id="aspect"> |
20514 | 719 <title>Сохранение пропорций</title> |
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720 <para> |
20514 | 721 DVD и SVCD (т.е. MPEG-1/2) файлы содержат информацию о пропорции, которая описывает |
722 как проигрыватель должен масштабировать видео поток, чтобы люди не становились яйцеголовыми. | |
723 (напр.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). Хотя при кодировании в AVI (DivX) файлы вы избавлены от этой | |
724 проблемы, т.к. заголовки AVI не содержат это значение. | |
725 Масштабирование изображения отвратительно и расточительно, есть лучший путь! | |
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726 </para> |
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727 |
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728 <para>There is</para> |
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729 |
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730 <para> |
21700 | 731 MPEG-4 имеет уникальную возможность: видео поток может хранить требуемые ему пропорции. |
20514 | 732 Да, в точности как MPEG-1/2 (DVD, SVCD) и H.263 файлы. К сожалению, немного проигрывателей |
733 кроме <application>MPlayer</application> поддерживают этот MPEG-4 атрибут. | |
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734 </para> |
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735 |
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736 <para> |
20514 | 737 Эта возможность может использоваться только с |
738 <link linkend="ffmpeg"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>'овским | |
739 <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem> кодеком. Имейте в виду: хотя | |
740 <application>MPlayer</application> корректно воспроизведет файл, другие | |
741 проигрыватели могут использовать неверные пропорции. | |
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742 </para> |
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743 |
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744 <para> |
21700 | 745 Вы серьезно должны обрезать черные полосы выше и ниже изображения. |
20514 | 746 Смотрите страницу руководства man по использованию <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem> и |
747 <systemitem>crop</systemitem> плагинов. | |
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748 </para> |
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749 |
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750 <para> |
20514 | 751 Использование: |
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752 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>sample-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -ovc lavc \ |
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753 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:autoaspect -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen> |
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754 </para> |
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755 </sect1> |
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756 |
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757 </chapter> |