Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/cd-dvd.html @ 7934:b75cf70d2a7c
DVD authentication, VCD/DVD structure, more...
| author | jonas |
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| date | Sun, 27 Oct 2002 15:36:33 +0000 |
| parents | 988498df1996 |
| children | 643d7fea35c5 |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> |
| 1612 | 2 <HTML> |
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4 <HEAD> |
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5 <TITLE>CD, DVD, VCD - MPlayer - The Movie Player for Linux</TITLE> |
| 6391 | 6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css"> |
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> |
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8 </HEAD> |
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10 <BODY> |
| 1704 | 11 |
| 1612 | 12 |
| 7047 | 13 <H2><A NAME="drives">4.1 CD/DVD drives</A></H2> |
| 1682 | 14 |
| 6877 | 15 <P>Linux documentation excerpt:</P> |
| 1612 | 16 |
| 6878 | 17 <P>Modern CD-ROM drives can attain very high head speeds, yet some CD-ROM drives |
| 18 are capable of running at reduced speeds. There are several reasons that might | |
| 19 make you consider changing the speed of a CD-ROM drive:</P> | |
| 20 | |
| 21 <UL> | |
| 6960 | 22 <LI>There have been reports of read errors at these high speeds, especially |
| 6878 | 23 with badly pressed CD-ROMs. Reducing the speed can prevent data loss under |
| 24 these circumstances.</LI> | |
| 25 <LI>Many CD-ROM drives are annoyingly loud, a lower speed may reduce the | |
| 26 noise.</LI> | |
| 27 </UL> | |
| 1612 | 28 |
| 6877 | 29 <P>You can reduce the drive speed with hdparm or a program called setcd. |
| 30 It works like this:</P> | |
| 31 | |
| 32 <P> <CODE>hdparm -E [speed] [cdrom device]</CODE></P> | |
| 1682 | 33 |
| 34 <P> <CODE>setcd -x [speed] [cdrom device]</CODE></P> | |
| 1612 | 35 |
| 6877 | 36 <P>You can also try</P> |
| 1682 | 37 |
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38 <P> <CODE>echo current_speed:4 > /proc/ide/[cdrom device]/settings</CODE></P> |
| 1682 | 39 |
| 6877 | 40 <P>but you will need root privileges. The following command may also help:</P> |
| 1682 | 41 |
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42 <P> <CODE>echo file_readahead:2000000 > /proc/ide/[cdrom device]/settings</CODE></P> |
| 1612 | 43 |
| 6877 | 44 <P>This sets prefetched file reading to 2MB, which helps with scratched CD-ROMs. |
| 45 It is recommended that you also tune your CD-ROM drive with hdparm:</P> | |
| 1682 | 46 |
| 47 <P> <CODE>hdparm -d1 -a8 -u1 (cdrom device)</CODE></P> | |
| 1612 | 48 |
| 6877 | 49 <P>This enables DMA access, read-ahead, and IRQ unmasking (read the hdparm man |
| 50 page for a detailed explanation).</P> | |
| 1612 | 51 |
| 6877 | 52 <P>Please refer to "<CODE>/proc/ide/[cdrom device]/settings</CODE>" for |
| 53 fine-tuning your CD-ROM.</P> | |
| 1612 | 54 |
| 7795 | 55 <P>FreeBSD:</P> |
| 56 | |
| 57 <P> Speed: <CODE>cdcontrol [-f device] speed [speed]</CODE></P> | |
| 58 <P> DMA: <CODE>sysctl hw.ata.atapi_dma=1</CODE></P> | |
| 59 | |
| 6878 | 60 |
| 7047 | 61 <H2><A NAME="dvd">4.2 DVD playback</A></H2> |
| 1682 | 62 |
| 7934 | 63 <P>For the complete list of available options, please read the man page.</P> |
| 64 | |
| 65 <H4>New-style DVD support (mpdvdkit2)</H4> | |
| 66 | |
| 7814 | 67 <P>MPlayer uses <CODE>libdvdread</CODE> and <CODE>libdvdcss</CODE> for |
| 6877 | 68 DVD decryption and playback. These two libraries are contained in the |
| 7814 | 69 <CODE>libmpdvdkit2/</CODE> subdirectory of the MPlayer source tree, you |
| 6877 | 70 do not have to install them separately. We opted for this solution because |
| 7934 | 71 we had to fix a libdvdread bug, and apply a patch which adds <B>cracked CSS |
| 72 keys caching support</B> to libdvdcss. This results in a large speed increase | |
| 73 because the keys do not have to be cracked every time before playing.</P> | |
| 1612 | 74 |
| 7814 | 75 <P>MPlayer can also use system-wide <CODE>libdvdread</CODE> and |
| 6877 | 76 <CODE>libdvdcss</CODE> libraries, but this solution is <B>not</B> recommended, |
| 77 as it can result in bugs, library incompatibilities, and slower speed.</P> | |
| 78 | |
| 7934 | 79 <H4>DVD Navigation support (dvdnav)</H4> |
| 80 | |
| 81 <P>Support for DVD navigation via <CODE>dvdnav</CODE> was being worked on, but | |
| 82 it was never finished properly and is therefore not recommended.</P> | |
| 4057 | 83 |
| 7047 | 84 <H4>Old-style DVD support - OPTIONAL</H4> |
| 4057 | 85 |
| 7934 | 86 <P>Useful if you want to play encoded VOBs from <B>hard disk</B>. Compile and |
| 7814 | 87 install <B>libcss</B> 0.0.1 (not newer) for this (If MPlayer fails to |
| 7934 | 88 detect it, use the <CODE>-csslib /path/to/libcss.so</CODE> option). You need |
| 89 to be root or use a suid root binary to use it.</P> | |
| 90 | |
| 91 <H4>DVD structure</H4> | |
| 92 | |
| 93 <P>DVD disks use all 2048 b/s sectors with ecc/crc. They usually have an UDF | |
| 94 filesystem on a single track, containing various files (small .IFO and .BUK | |
| 95 files and big (1GB) .VOB files). They are real files and can be copied/played | |
| 96 from a mounted file system of an unencrypted DVD.</P> | |
| 97 | |
| 98 <P>The .IFO files contain the movie navigation informations (chapter/title/angle | |
| 99 map, language table, etc) and is needed to read and interpret the .VOB content | |
| 100 (movie). The .BUK files are backups of them. They use <B>sectors</B> everywhere, | |
| 101 so you need to use raw addressing of sectors of the disc to implement DVD | |
| 102 navigation. It's also needed to decrypt the content.</P> | |
| 103 | |
| 104 <P>The whole old-style DVD support with libcss needs therefore a mounted DVD | |
| 105 filesystem and a raw sector-based access to the device. Unfortunately you must | |
| 106 be root (under Linux) to get the sector address of a file. You got two choices:</P> | |
| 107 | |
| 108 <UL> | |
| 109 <LI>Force the user to be root or use a suid root mplayer binary like | |
| 110 fibmap_mplayer which does the dvd access for the old-style DVD playback | |
| 111 over libcss.</LI> | |
| 112 <LI>Don't use the kernel's filesystem driver at all and re-implement it in | |
| 113 userspace. libdvdread 0.9.x and libmpdvdkit does this (New-style DVD | |
| 114 support). The kernel udf filesystem drivers isn't needed as they already | |
| 115 have their own, built-in udf fs driver. Also the dvd, doesn't needs to be | |
| 116 mounted as only the raw sector-based access is used.</LI> | |
| 117 </UL> | |
| 118 | |
| 119 <P>Sometimes /dev/dvd can't be read by users, so the libdvdread authors | |
| 120 implemented an emulation layer which transfers sector addresses to | |
| 121 filenames+offsets, to emulate raw access on the top of a mounted filesystem | |
| 122 or even on a hard disk.</P> | |
| 123 | |
| 124 <P>libdvdread even accepts the mountpoint instead of the device name for raw | |
| 125 access and checks in <CODE>/proc/mounts</CODE> to get the device name. It was | |
| 126 developed for Solaris, where device names are dynamically allocated.</P> | |
| 127 | |
| 128 <P>The default DVD device is <CODE>/dev/dvd</CODE>. If your setup differs, | |
| 129 make a symlink, or specify the correct device on the command line with the | |
| 130 <CODE>-dvd-device</CODE> option.</P> | |
| 131 | |
| 132 <H4>DVD authentication</H4> | |
| 1612 | 133 |
| 7934 | 134 <P>The authentication and decryption method of the new-style DVD support is done |
| 135 using a patched libdvdcss (see above). The method can be specified over the | |
| 136 environment variable <CODE>DVDCSS_METHOD</CODE> which can be set to | |
| 137 <CODE>key</CODE>, <CODE>disk</CODE> or <CODE>title</CODE>.</P> | |
| 138 | |
| 139 <P>If nothing is specified it tries the following methods | |
| 140 (default: key, title request):</P> | |
| 141 | |
| 142 <OL> | |
| 143 <LI><B>bus key:</B> This key is negotiated during authentication (a long mix | |
| 144 of ioctls and various key exchanges, crypto stuff) and is used to encrypt | |
| 145 the title and disk keys before sending them over the unprotected bus | |
| 146 (to prevent eavesdropping). The bus key is needed to get and predecrypt the | |
| 147 crypted disk key. | |
| 148 <LI><B>cached key:</B> MPlayer looks for eventually already cracked | |
| 149 title keys which are stored in the <CODE>~/.mplayer/DVDKeys</CODE> directory | |
| 150 (fast ;).</LI> | |
| 151 <LI><B>key:</B> If no cached key is available, MPlayer tries to | |
| 152 decrypt the disk key with a set of included player keys. | |
| 153 <LI><B>disk:</B> If the key method fails (e.g. no included player keys), | |
| 154 MPlayer will crack the disk key using a brute force algorithm. | |
| 155 This process is CPU intensive and requires 64 MB of memory (16M 32bit | |
| 156 entries hash table) to store temporary data. This method should always | |
| 157 work (slow).</LI> | |
| 158 <LI><B>title request:</B>With the disk key MPlayer requests the crypted title | |
| 159 keys, which are inside <I>hidden sectors</I> using <CODE>ioctl()</CODE>. | |
| 160 The region protection of RPC-2 drives is performed in this step and may | |
| 161 fail on such drives. If it succeeds, the title keys will be decrypted with | |
| 162 the bus and disk key. | |
| 163 <LI><B>title:</B> This method is used if the title request failed and does | |
| 164 not rely on any key exchange with the DVD drive. It uses a crypto attack to | |
| 165 guess the title key directly (by finding a repeating pattern in the | |
| 166 decrypted VOB content and guessing that that the plain text for first | |
| 167 encrypted bytes are a continuation of that pattern). | |
| 168 The method is also known as "known plaintext attack" or "DeCSSPlus". | |
| 169 In rare cases this may fail because there is not enough encrypted data on | |
| 170 the disk to perform a statistical attack or because the key changes in the | |
| 171 middle of a title. On the other hand it is the only way to decrypt a DVD | |
| 172 stored on a hard disk or a DVD with the wrong region on an RPC2 drive | |
| 173 (slow).</LI> | |
| 174 </OL> | |
| 175 | |
| 176 <P>RPC-1 DVD drives only protect region settings over software DVD players. | |
| 177 RPC-2 drives have a hardware protection that allows 5 changes only. It might | |
| 178 be needed/recommended to upgrade the firmware to RPC-1 if you have a RPC-2 DVD | |
| 179 drive. Firmware upgrades can be found | |
| 180 <A HREF="http://perso.club-internet.fr/farzeno/firmware/">here</A>. If there is | |
| 181 no firmware upgrade available for your device, use the | |
| 182 <A HREF="http://www.linuxtv.org/download/dvd/dvd_disc_20000215.tar.gz">regionset | |
| 183 tool</A> to set the region code of your DVD-drive (under Linux). | |
| 184 <B>Warning:</B> You can only set the region 5 times.</P> | |
| 1612 | 185 |
| 6878 | 186 |
| 7047 | 187 <H2><A NAME="vcd">4.3 VCD playback</A></H2> |
| 6878 | 188 |
| 7934 | 189 <P>For the complete list of available options, please read the man page. |
| 190 The Syntax for a standard Video CD (VCD) is as followed: | |
| 191 <CODE>mplayer -vcd <track> [-cdrom-device <device>]</CODE>.<BR> | |
| 192 Example: <CODE>mplayer -vcd 2 -cdrom-device /dev/hdc</CODE></P> | |
| 6878 | 193 |
| 7934 | 194 <H4>VCD structure</H4> |
| 6878 | 195 |
| 7934 | 196 <P>VCD disks consists of 2 or more track:</P> |
| 197 | |
| 6878 | 198 <UL> |
| 7934 | 199 <LI>The first track is a few MB 2048 bytes/sector data track, with an iso9660 |
| 200 filesystem, usualy containing win32 VCD player programs and maybe other infos | |
| 201 (jpegs, text, etc).</LI> | |
| 202 <LI>The second and other tracks are raw 2324 bytes/sector mpeg tracks, without | |
| 203 any filesystem but raw mpeg ps data, one packet per sector. they contain the | |
| 204 movie(s)... The tracks <B>can't be mounted</B>! It is similar to audio | |
| 205 tracks (e.g. You never mounted an audio cd to play it, or did you? No). | |
| 206 As most movies are inside track too, you should try <CODE>-vcd 2</CODE> | |
| 207 first.</LI> | |
| 208 <LI>There exist VCD disks without the first track too (single track and no | |
| 209 filesystems at all). They are still playable, but can't be mounted.</LI> | |
| 6878 | 210 </UL> |
| 211 | |
| 7934 | 212 <P>About .DAT files:</P> |
| 213 | |
| 214 <P>The ~600 MB file visible on the first track of the mounted vcd isn't a real | |
| 215 track! It's a so called iso gateway, created to allow Windows to handle such | |
| 216 tracks (Windows doesn't allow raw device access to applications at all). | |
| 217 Under linux, you cannot copy or play such files (they contain garbage). | |
| 218 Under Windows it is possible as its iso9660 driver emulates the raw reading of | |
| 219 tracks in this file. | |
| 220 To play a .DAT file you need a kernel driver which can be found on a powerdvd | |
| 221 Linux version. It is a modified iso9660 fs driver, which is able to emulate the | |
| 222 raw tracks through this shadow .DAT file. If you mount the disc using their | |
| 223 driver, you can copy and even play .DAT files with mplayer. But it <B>won't | |
| 224 work</B> with the standard iso9660 driver of the kernel! It is recommended to | |
| 225 use the <CODE>-vcd</CODE> option instead.</P> | |
| 226 | |
| 227 <P>The default VCD device is <CODE>/dev/cdrom</CODE>. If your setup differs, | |
| 228 make a symlink, or specify the correct device on the command line with the | |
| 229 <CODE>-cdrom-device</CODE> option.</P> | |
| 230 | |
| 1612 | 231 </BODY> |
| 232 </HTML> |