Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/en/usage.xml @ 22933:b99c2feda3eb
Move netstream documentation into TOOLS/README.
author | diego |
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date | Mon, 09 Apr 2007 11:54:03 +0000 |
parents | 893e314fff49 |
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20535 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> |
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2 <!-- $Revision$ --> |
9675 | 3 <chapter id="usage"> |
4 <title>Usage</title> | |
5 | |
6 <sect1 id="commandline"> | |
7 <title>Command line</title> | |
8 | |
9 <para> | |
10 <application>MPlayer</application> utilizes a complex playtree. It consists | |
11 of global options written as first, for example | |
12 <screen>mplayer -vfm 5</screen> | |
13 and options written after filenames, that apply only to the given | |
14 filename/URL/whatever, for example: | |
21521 | 15 <screen> |
16 mplayer -vfm 5 <replaceable>movie1.avi</replaceable> <replaceable>movie2.avi</replaceable> -vfm 4 | |
17 </screen> | |
9675 | 18 </para> |
19 | |
20 <para> | |
21 You can group filenames/URLs together using <literal>{</literal> and | |
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22 <literal>}</literal>. It is useful with option <option>-loop</option>: |
10643 | 23 <screen>mplayer { 1.avi -loop 2 2.avi } -loop 3</screen> |
9675 | 24 The above command will play files in this order: 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2. |
25 </para> | |
26 | |
27 <para> | |
28 Playing a file: | |
29 <synopsis> | |
30 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
31 --> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
32 --> [<replaceable>path</replaceable>/]<replaceable>filename</replaceable> | |
33 </synopsis> | |
34 </para> | |
35 | |
36 <para> | |
15463 | 37 Another way to play a file: |
38 <synopsis> | |
39 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
40 --> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
41 --> <replaceable>file:///uri-escaped-path</replaceable> | |
42 </synopsis> | |
43 </para> | |
44 | |
45 <para> | |
9675 | 46 Playing more files: |
47 <synopsis> | |
48 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
49 --> [<replaceable>default options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
50 --> [<replaceable>path</replaceable>/]<replaceable>filename1</replaceable><!-- | |
51 --> [<replaceable>options for filename1</replaceable>]<!-- | |
52 --> <replaceable>filename2</replaceable><!-- | |
53 --> [<replaceable>options for filename2</replaceable>] ... | |
54 </synopsis> | |
55 </para> | |
56 | |
57 <para> | |
58 Playing VCD: | |
59 <synopsis> | |
60 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
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61 --> vcd://<replaceable>trackno</replaceable><!-- |
9675 | 62 --> [-cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/cdrom</replaceable>] |
63 </synopsis> | |
64 </para> | |
65 | |
66 <para> | |
67 Playing DVD: | |
68 <synopsis> | |
69 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
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70 --> dvd://<replaceable>titleno</replaceable><!-- |
9675 | 71 --> [-dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/dvd</replaceable>] |
72 </synopsis> | |
73 </para> | |
74 | |
75 <para> | |
76 Playing from the WWW: | |
77 <synopsis> | |
78 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
79 --> http://<replaceable>site.com/file.asf</replaceable> | |
80 </synopsis> | |
81 (playlists can be used, too) | |
82 </para> | |
83 | |
84 <para> | |
85 Playing from RTSP: | |
86 <synopsis> | |
87 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>options</replaceable>]<!-- | |
88 --> rtsp://<replaceable>server.example.com/streamName</replaceable> | |
89 </synopsis> | |
90 </para> | |
91 | |
92 <para> | |
93 Examples: | |
94 <screen> | |
11713 | 95 mplayer -vo x11 <replaceable>/mnt/Films/Contact/contact2.mpg</replaceable> |
12833 | 96 mplayer vcd://<replaceable>2</replaceable> -cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> |
11713 | 97 mplayer -afm 3 <replaceable>/mnt/DVDtrailers/alien4.vob</replaceable> |
98 mplayer dvd://<replaceable>1</replaceable> -dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> | |
99 mplayer -abs 65536 -delay -0.4 -nobps <replaceable>~/movies/test.avi</replaceable><!-- | |
9675 | 100 --></screen> |
101 </para> | |
102 </sect1> | |
103 | |
104 | |
21521 | 105 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
106 | |
107 | |
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108 <sect1 id="subosd"> |
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109 <title>Subtitles and OSD</title> |
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110 |
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111 <para> |
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112 <application>MPlayer</application> can display subtitles along with movie files. |
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113 Currently the following formats are supported: |
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114 <itemizedlist> |
21521 | 115 <listitem><para>VOBsub</para></listitem> |
116 <listitem><para>OGM</para></listitem> | |
117 <listitem><para>CC (closed caption)</para></listitem> | |
118 <listitem><para>MicroDVD</para></listitem> | |
119 <listitem><para>SubRip</para></listitem> | |
120 <listitem><para>SubViewer</para></listitem> | |
121 <listitem><para>Sami</para></listitem> | |
122 <listitem><para>VPlayer</para></listitem> | |
123 <listitem><para>RT</para></listitem> | |
124 <listitem><para>SSA</para></listitem> | |
125 <listitem><para>PJS (Phoenix Japanimation Society)</para></listitem> | |
126 <listitem><para>MPsub</para></listitem> | |
127 <listitem><para>AQTitle</para></listitem> | |
128 <listitem><para> | |
129 <ulink url="http://unicorn.us.com/jacosub/">JACOsub</ulink> | |
130 </para></listitem> | |
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131 </itemizedlist> |
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132 </para> |
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133 |
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134 <para> |
21521 | 135 <application>MPlayer</application> can dump the previously listed subtitle |
136 formats (<emphasis role="bold">except the three first</emphasis>) into the | |
137 following destination formats, with the given options: | |
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138 <itemizedlist> |
21521 | 139 <listitem><para>MPsub: <option>-dumpmpsub</option></para></listitem> |
140 <listitem><para>SubRip: <option>-dumpsrtsub</option></para></listitem> | |
141 <listitem><para>MicroDVD: <option>-dumpmicrodvdsub</option></para></listitem> | |
142 <listitem><para>JACOsub: <option>-dumpjacosub</option></para></listitem> | |
143 <listitem><para>Sami: <option>-dumpsami</option></para></listitem> | |
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144 </itemizedlist> |
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145 </para> |
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146 |
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147 <para> |
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148 <application>MEncoder</application> can dump DVD subtitles into |
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149 <link linkend="menc-feat-extractsub">VOBsub</link> format. |
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150 </para> |
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151 |
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152 <para> |
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153 The command line options differ slightly for the different formats: |
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154 </para> |
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155 |
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156 <formalpara> |
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157 <title>VOBsub subtitles</title> |
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158 <para> |
21521 | 159 VOBsub subtitles consist of a big (some megabytes) <filename>.SUB</filename> |
160 file, and optional <filename>.IDX</filename> and/or <filename>.IFO</filename> | |
161 files. If you have files like | |
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162 <filename><replaceable>sample.sub</replaceable></filename>, |
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163 <filename><replaceable>sample.ifo</replaceable></filename> (optional), |
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164 <filename><replaceable>sample.idx</replaceable></filename> - you have to pass |
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165 <application>MPlayer</application> the <option>-vobsub sample |
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166 [-vobsubid <replaceable>id</replaceable>]</option> options |
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167 (full path optional). The <option>-vobsubid</option> option is like |
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168 <option>-sid</option> for DVDs, you can choose between subtitle tracks |
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169 (languages) with it. In case that <option>-vobsubid</option> is omitted, |
20433 | 170 <application>MPlayer</application> will try to use the languages given by the |
21521 | 171 <option>-slang</option> option and fall back to the |
172 <systemitem>langidx</systemitem> in the <filename>.IDX</filename> file to set | |
173 the subtitle language. If it fails, there will be no subtitles. | |
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174 </para> |
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175 </formalpara> |
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176 |
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177 <formalpara> |
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178 <title>Other subtitles</title> |
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179 <para> |
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180 The other formats consist of a single text file containing timing, |
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181 placement and text information. Usage: If you have a file like |
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182 <filename><replaceable>sample.txt</replaceable></filename>, |
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183 you have to pass the option <option>-sub |
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184 <replaceable>sample.txt</replaceable></option> (full path optional). |
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185 </para> |
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186 </formalpara> |
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187 |
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188 <variablelist> |
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189 <title>Adjusting subtitle timing and placement:</title> |
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190 <varlistentry> |
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191 <term><option>-subdelay <replaceable>sec</replaceable></option></term> |
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192 <listitem><para> |
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193 Delays subtitles by <option><replaceable>sec</replaceable></option> seconds. |
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194 Can be negative. The value is added to movie's time position counter. |
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195 </para></listitem> |
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196 </varlistentry> |
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197 <varlistentry> |
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198 <term><option>-subfps <replaceable>RATE</replaceable></option></term> |
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199 <listitem><para> |
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200 Specify frame/sec rate of subtitle file (float number). |
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201 </para></listitem> |
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202 </varlistentry> |
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203 <varlistentry> |
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204 <term><option>-subpos <replaceable>0-100</replaceable></option></term> |
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205 <listitem><para> |
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206 Specify the position of subtitles. |
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207 </para></listitem> |
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208 </varlistentry> |
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209 </variablelist> |
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210 |
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211 <para> |
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212 If you experience a growing delay between the movie and the subtitles when |
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213 using a MicroDVD subtitle file, most likely the framerate of the movie and |
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214 the subtitle file are different. Please note that the MicroDVD subtitle |
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215 format uses absolute frame numbers for its timing, but there is no fps |
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216 information in it, and therefore the <option>-subfps</option> option should |
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217 be used with this format. If you like to solve this problem permanently, |
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218 you have to manually convert the subtitle file framerate. |
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219 <application>MPlayer</application> can do this |
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220 conversion for you: |
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221 |
21521 | 222 <screen> |
223 mplayer -dumpmicrodvdsub -fps <replaceable>subtitles_fps</replaceable> -subfps <replaceable>avi_fps</replaceable> \ | |
224 -sub <replaceable>subtitle_filename</replaceable> <replaceable>dummy.avi</replaceable> | |
225 </screen> | |
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226 </para> |
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227 |
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228 <para> |
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229 About DVD subtitles, read the <link linkend="dvd">DVD</link> section. |
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230 </para> |
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231 </sect1> |
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232 |
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233 |
21521 | 234 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
235 | |
236 | |
9675 | 237 <sect1 id="control"> |
238 <title>Control</title> | |
239 | |
240 <para> | |
241 <application>MPlayer</application> has a fully configurable, command | |
242 driven, control layer which lets you control | |
243 <application>MPlayer</application> with keyboard, mouse, joystick or remote | |
244 control (using LIRC). See the man page for the complete list of keyboard controls. | |
245 </para> | |
246 | |
21521 | 247 <!-- ********** --> |
9675 | 248 |
249 <sect2 id="ctrl-cfg"> | |
250 <title>Controls configuration</title> | |
251 | |
252 <para> | |
253 <application>MPlayer</application> allows you bind any key/button to any | |
11540 | 254 <application>MPlayer</application> command using a simple config file. |
255 The syntax consist of a key name followed by a command. The default config file location is | |
9675 | 256 <filename>$HOME/.mplayer/input.conf</filename> but it can be overridden |
257 using the <option>-input <replaceable>conf</replaceable></option> option | |
258 (relative path are relative to <filename>$HOME/.mplayer</filename>). | |
259 </para> | |
260 | |
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261 <para> |
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262 You can get a full list of supported key names by running |
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263 <command>mplayer -input keylist</command> |
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264 and a full list of available commands by running |
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265 <command>mplayer -input cmdlist</command>. |
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266 </para> |
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267 |
20035 | 268 <example id="input_control_file"> |
9675 | 269 <title>A simple input control file</title> |
270 <programlisting> | |
271 ## | |
272 ## MPlayer input control file | |
273 ## | |
274 | |
275 RIGHT seek +10 | |
276 LEFT seek -10 | |
277 - audio_delay 0.100 | |
278 + audio_delay -0.100 | |
279 q quit | |
280 > pt_step 1 | |
281 < pt_step -1 | |
282 ENTER pt_step 1 1<!-- | |
283 --></programlisting> | |
284 </example> | |
285 </sect2> | |
286 | |
21521 | 287 <!-- ********** --> |
9675 | 288 |
289 <sect2 id="lirc"> | |
290 <title>Control from LIRC</title> | |
291 | |
292 <para> | |
293 Linux Infrared Remote Control - use an easy to build home-brewn IR-receiver, | |
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294 an (almost) arbitrary remote control and control your Linux box with it! |
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295 More about it on the <ulink url="http://www.lirc.org">LIRC homepage</ulink>. |
9675 | 296 </para> |
297 | |
298 <para> | |
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299 If you have the LIRC package installed, <filename>configure</filename> will |
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300 autodetect it. If everything went fine, <application>MPlayer</application> |
21596 | 301 will print "<systemitem>Setting up LIRC support...</systemitem>" |
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302 on startup. If an error occurs it will tell you. If there is no message about |
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303 LIRC there is no support compiled in. That's it :-) |
9675 | 304 </para> |
305 | |
306 <para> | |
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307 The application name for <application>MPlayer</application> is - surprise - |
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308 <filename>mplayer</filename>. You can use any <application>MPlayer</application> |
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309 commands and even pass more than one command by separating them with |
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310 <literal>\n</literal>. |
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311 Do not forget to enable the repeat flag in <filename>.lircrc</filename> when |
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312 it makes sense (seek, volume, etc). Here is an excerpt from a sample |
9675 | 313 <filename>.lircrc</filename>: |
314 </para> | |
315 | |
316 <programlisting> | |
317 begin | |
318 button = VOLUME_PLUS | |
319 prog = mplayer | |
320 config = volume 1 | |
321 repeat = 1 | |
322 end | |
323 | |
324 begin | |
325 button = VOLUME_MINUS | |
326 prog = mplayer | |
327 config = volume -1 | |
328 repeat = 1 | |
329 end | |
330 | |
331 begin | |
332 button = CD_PLAY | |
333 prog = mplayer | |
334 config = pause | |
335 end | |
336 | |
337 begin | |
338 button = CD_STOP | |
339 prog = mplayer | |
340 config = seek 0 1\npause | |
341 end<!-- | |
342 --></programlisting> | |
343 | |
344 <para> | |
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345 If you do not like the standard location for the lirc-config file |
9675 | 346 (<filename>~/.lircrc</filename>) use the <option>-lircconf |
347 <replaceable>filename</replaceable></option> switch to specify another | |
348 file. | |
349 </para> | |
350 </sect2> | |
351 | |
21521 | 352 <!-- ********** --> |
9675 | 353 |
354 <sect2 id="slave-mode"> | |
355 <title>Slave mode</title> | |
21521 | 356 |
9675 | 357 <para> |
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358 The slave mode allows you to build simple frontends to |
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359 <application>MPlayer</application>. When run with the |
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360 <option>-slave</option> option <application>MPlayer</application> will |
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361 read commands separated by a newline (\n) from stdin. |
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362 The commands are documented in the |
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363 <ulink url="../../tech/slave.txt">slave.txt</ulink> file. |
9675 | 364 </para> |
365 </sect2> | |
366 </sect1> | |
367 | |
21521 | 368 |
369 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
370 | |
9675 | 371 |
372 <sect1 id="streaming"> | |
373 <title>Streaming from network or pipes</title> | |
374 | |
375 <para> | |
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376 <application>MPlayer</application> can play files from the network, using the |
10755 | 377 HTTP, FTP, MMS or RTSP/RTP protocol. |
9675 | 378 </para> |
379 | |
380 <para> | |
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381 Playing works simply by passing the URL on the command line. |
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382 <application>MPlayer</application> honors the <envar>http_proxy</envar> |
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383 environment variable, using a proxy if available. Proxies can also be forced: |
21732 | 384 <screen> |
385 mplayer <replaceable>http_proxy://proxy.micorsops.com:3128/http://micorsops.com:80/stream.asf</replaceable> | |
386 </screen> | |
9675 | 387 </para> |
388 | |
389 <para> | |
390 <application>MPlayer</application> can read from stdin | |
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391 (<emphasis>not</emphasis> named pipes). This can for example be used to |
9675 | 392 play from FTP: |
21732 | 393 <screen> |
394 wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer - | |
395 </screen> | |
9675 | 396 </para> |
397 | |
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398 <note><para> |
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399 It is also recommended to enable <option>-cache</option> when playing |
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400 from the network: |
21732 | 401 <screen> |
402 wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer -cache 8192 - | |
403 </screen> | |
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404 </para></note> |
15499 | 405 |
21521 | 406 <!-- ********** --> |
407 | |
15499 | 408 <sect2 id="streaming-save"> |
409 <title>Saving streamed content</title> | |
21521 | 410 |
15499 | 411 <para> |
21521 | 412 Once you succeed in making <application>MPlayer</application> play |
413 your favorite internet stream, you can use the option | |
414 <option>-dumpstream</option> to save the stream into a file. | |
415 For example: | |
15499 | 416 <screen> |
21521 | 417 mplayer <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> -dumpstream -dumpfile <replaceable>stream.asf</replaceable> |
15499 | 418 </screen> |
21521 | 419 will save the content streamed from |
420 <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> into | |
421 <replaceable>stream.asf</replaceable>. | |
422 This works with all protocols supported by | |
423 <application>MPlayer</application>, like MMS, RSTP, and so forth. | |
15499 | 424 </para> |
425 </sect2> | |
21521 | 426 </sect1> |
15499 | 427 |
21521 | 428 |
429 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
430 | |
9966 | 431 |
11786 | 432 <sect1 id="edl" xreflabel="Edit Decision Lists (EDL)"> |
433 <title>Edit Decision Lists (EDL)</title> | |
434 | |
435 <para> | |
436 The edit decision list (EDL) system allows you to automatically skip | |
437 or mute sections of videos during playback, based on a movie specific | |
438 EDL configuration file. | |
439 </para> | |
440 | |
441 <para> | |
442 This is useful for those who may want to watch a film in "family-friendly" | |
443 mode. You can cut out any violence, profanity, Jar-Jar Binks .. from a movie | |
444 according to your own personal preferences. Aside from this, there are other | |
445 uses, like automatically skipping over commercials in video files you watch. | |
446 </para> | |
447 | |
448 <para> | |
18959 | 449 The EDL file format is pretty bare-bones. There is one command per line that |
450 indicates what to do (skip/mute) and when to do it (using pts in seconds). | |
11786 | 451 </para> |
452 | |
21521 | 453 <!-- ********** --> |
454 | |
11786 | 455 <sect2 id="edl_using"> |
456 <title>Using an EDL file</title> | |
21521 | 457 |
11786 | 458 <para> |
459 Include the <option>-edl <filename></option> flag when you run | |
460 <application>MPlayer</application>, with the name of the EDL file you | |
461 want applied to the video. | |
462 </para> | |
463 </sect2> | |
464 | |
21521 | 465 <!-- ********** --> |
466 | |
11786 | 467 <sect2 id="edl_making"> |
468 <title>Making an EDL file</title> | |
21521 | 469 |
11786 | 470 <para> |
471 The current EDL file format is: | |
21521 | 472 <programlisting>[begin second] [end second] [action]</programlisting> |
11786 | 473 Where the seconds are floating-point numbers and the action is either |
474 <literal>0</literal> for skip or <literal>1</literal> for mute. Example: | |
475 <programlisting> | |
476 5.3 7.1 0 | |
477 15 16.7 1 | |
478 420 422 0 | |
479 </programlisting> | |
480 This will skip from second 5.3 to second 7.1 of the video, then mute at | |
481 15 seconds, unmute at 16.7 seconds and skip from second 420 to second 422 | |
482 of the video. These actions will be performed when the playback timer | |
483 reaches the times given in the file. | |
484 </para> | |
485 | |
486 <para> | |
21521 | 487 To create an EDL file to work from, use the <option>-edlout |
488 <filename></option> flag. During playback, just hit <keycap>i</keycap> to | |
489 mark the beginning and end of a skip block. | |
490 A corresponding entry will be written to the file for that time. | |
491 You can then go back and fine-tune the generated EDL file as well as | |
18912 | 492 change the default operation which is to skip the block described by each line. |
11786 | 493 </para> |
494 </sect2> | |
21521 | 495 </sect1> |
11786 | 496 |
21521 | 497 |
498 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
11786 | 499 |
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500 |
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501 <sect1 id="advaudio" xreflabel="Advanced Audio"> |
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502 <title>Advanced audio</title> |
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503 |
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504 <sect2 id="advaudio-surround"> |
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505 <title>Surround/Multichannel playback</title> |
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507 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-DVD"> |
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508 <title>DVDs</title> |
21521 | 509 |
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510 <para> |
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511 Most DVDs and many other files include surround sound. |
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512 <application>MPlayer</application> supports surround playback but does not |
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513 enable it by default because stereo equipment is by far more common. To play a |
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514 file that has more than two channels of audio use <option>-channels</option>. |
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515 For example, to play a DVD with 5.1 audio: |
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516 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6</screen> |
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517 Note that despite the name "5.1" there are actually six discrete channels. |
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518 If you have surround sound equipment it is safe to put the |
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519 <option>channels</option> option in your <application>MPlayer</application> |
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520 configuration file <filename>~/.mplayer/config</filename>. For example, to make |
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521 quadraphonic playback the default, add this line: |
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522 <programlisting>channels=4</programlisting> |
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523 <application>MPlayer</application> will then output audio in four channels when |
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524 all four channels are available. |
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525 </para> |
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526 </sect3> |
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527 |
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528 |
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529 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-stereoinfour"> |
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530 <title>Playing stereo files to four speakers</title> |
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531 |
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532 <para> |
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533 <application>MPlayer</application> does not duplicate any channels by default, |
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534 and neither do most audio drivers. If you want to do that manually: |
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535 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0</screen> |
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536 See the section on |
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537 <link linkend="advaudio-channels-copying">channel copying</link> for an |
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538 explanation. |
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539 </para> |
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540 </sect3> |
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541 |
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542 |
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543 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-passthrough"> |
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544 <title>AC3/DTS Passthrough</title> |
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545 |
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546 <para> |
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547 DVDs usually have surround audio encoded in AC3 (Dolby Digital) or DTS |
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548 (Digital Theater System) format. Some modern audio equipment is capable of |
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549 decoding these formats internally. <application>MPlayer</application> can be |
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550 configured to relay the audio data without decoding it. This will only work if |
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551 you have a S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface) jack in your sound card. |
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552 </para> |
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553 |
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554 <para> |
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555 If your audio equipment can decode both AC3 and DTS, you can safely enable |
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556 passthrough for both formats. Otherwise, enable passthrough for only the format |
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557 your equipment supports. |
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558 </para> |
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559 |
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560 <itemizedlist> |
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561 <title>To enable passthrough on the command line:</title> |
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562 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 563 For AC3 only, use <option>-ac hwac3</option> |
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564 </para></listitem> |
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565 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 566 For DTS only, use <option>-ac hwdts</option> |
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567 </para></listitem> |
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568 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 569 For both AC3 and DTS, use <option>-afm hwac3</option> |
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570 </para></listitem> |
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571 </itemizedlist> |
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572 |
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573 <itemizedlist> |
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574 <title>To enable passthrough in the <application>MPlayer</application> |
21732 | 575 configuration file: </title> |
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576 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 577 For AC3 only, use <option>ac=hwac3,</option> |
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578 </para></listitem> |
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579 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 580 For DTS only, use <option>ac=hwdts,</option> |
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581 </para></listitem> |
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582 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 583 For both AC3 and DTS, use <option>afm=hwac3</option> |
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584 </para></listitem> |
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585 </itemizedlist> |
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586 |
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587 <para> |
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588 Note that there is a comma (",") at the end of |
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589 <option>ac=hwac3,</option> and <option>ac=hwdts,</option>. This will make |
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590 <application>MPlayer</application> fall back on the codecs it normally uses when |
21732 | 591 playing a file that does not have AC3 or DTS audio. |
592 <option>afm=hwac3</option> does not need a comma; | |
593 <application>MPlayer</application> will fall back anyway when an audio family | |
594 is specified. | |
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595 </para> |
21521 | 596 </sect3> |
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597 |
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598 |
17432 | 599 <sect3 id="hwmpa-surround-passthrough"> |
600 <title>MPEG audio Passthrough</title> | |
601 | |
602 <para> | |
603 Digital TV transmissions (such as DVB and ATSC) and some DVDs usually have | |
604 MPEG audio streams (in particular MP2). | |
605 Some MPEG hardware decoders such as full-featured DVB cards and DXR2 | |
606 adapters can natively decode this format. | |
607 <application>MPlayer</application> can be configured to relay the audio data | |
608 without decoding it. | |
609 </para> | |
610 | |
611 <para> | |
612 To use this codec: | |
613 <screen> mplayer -ac hwmpa </screen> | |
614 </para> | |
615 </sect3> | |
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616 |
21521 | 617 |
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618 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-matrix"> |
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619 <title>Matrix-encoded audio</title> |
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620 |
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621 <para> |
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622 <emphasis>***TODO***</emphasis> |
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623 </para> |
21521 | 624 |
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625 <para> |
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626 This section has yet to be written and cannot be completed until somebody |
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627 provides sample files for us to test. If you have any matrix-encoded audio |
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628 files, know where to find some, or have any information that could be helpful, |
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629 please send a message to the |
19709 | 630 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-docs">MPlayer-DOCS</ulink> |
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631 mailing list. Put "[matrix-encoded audio]" in the subject line. |
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632 </para> |
21521 | 633 |
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634 <para> |
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635 If no files or further information are forthcoming this section will be dropped. |
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636 </para> |
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637 |
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638 <para> |
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639 Good links: |
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640 <itemizedlist> |
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641 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 642 <ulink url="http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm">http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm</ulink> |
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643 </para></listitem> |
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644 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 645 <ulink url="http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp">http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp</ulink> |
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646 </para></listitem> |
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647 </itemizedlist> |
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648 </para> |
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649 </sect3> |
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650 |
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651 |
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652 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-hrtf"> |
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653 <title>Surround emulation in headphones</title> |
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654 |
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655 <para> |
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656 <application>MPlayer</application> includes an HRTF (Head Related Transfer |
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657 Function) filter based on an |
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658 <ulink url="http://sound.media.mit.edu/KEMAR.html">MIT project</ulink> |
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659 wherein measurements were taken from microphones mounted on a dummy human head. |
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660 </para> |
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661 |
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662 <para> |
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663 Although it is not possible to exactly imitate a surround system, |
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664 <application>MPlayer</application>'s HRTF filter does provide more spatially |
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665 immersive audio in 2-channel headphones. Regular downmixing simply combines all |
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666 the channels into two; besides combining the channels, <option>hrtf</option> |
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667 generates subtle echoes, increases the stereo separation slightly, and alters |
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668 the volume of some frequencies. Whether HRTF sounds better may be dependent on |
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669 the source audio and a matter of personal taste, but it is definitely worth |
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670 trying out. |
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671 </para> |
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672 |
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673 <para> |
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674 To play a DVD with HRTF: |
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675 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6 -af hrtf</screen> |
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676 </para> |
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677 |
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678 <para> |
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679 <option>hrtf</option> only works well with 5 or 6 channels. Also, |
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680 <option>hrtf</option> requires 48 kHz audio. DVD audio is already 48 kHz, but if |
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681 you have a file with a different sampling rate that you want to play using |
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682 <option>hrtf</option> you must resample it: |
21521 | 683 <screen> |
684 mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -channels 6 -af resample=48000,hrtf | |
685 </screen> | |
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686 </para> |
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687 </sect3> |
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688 |
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689 |
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690 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-troubleshooting"> |
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691 <title>Troubleshooting</title> |
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692 |
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693 <para> |
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694 If you do not hear any sound out of your surround channels, check your mixer |
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695 settings with a mixer program such as <application>alsamixer</application>; |
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696 audio outputs are often muted and set to zero volume by default. |
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697 </para> |
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698 </sect3> |
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699 </sect2> |
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700 |
21521 | 701 <!-- ********** --> |
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702 |
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703 <sect2 id="advaudio-channels"> |
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704 <title>Channel manipulation</title> |
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705 |
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706 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-general"> |
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707 <title>General information</title> |
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708 |
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709 <para> |
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710 Unfortunately, there is no standard for how channels are ordered. The orders |
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711 listed below are those of AC3 and are fairly typical; try them and see if your |
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712 source matches. Channels are numbered starting with 0. |
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|
713 |
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714 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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715 <title>mono</title> |
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716 <listitem override="0"><para>center</para></listitem> |
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717 </orderedlist> |
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718 |
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719 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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720 <title>stereo</title> |
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721 <listitem override="0"><para>left</para></listitem> |
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722 <listitem><para>right</para></listitem> |
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723 </orderedlist> |
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724 |
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725 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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726 <title>quadraphonic</title> |
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727 <listitem override="0"><para>left front</para></listitem> |
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728 <listitem><para>right front</para></listitem> |
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729 <listitem><para>left rear</para></listitem> |
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730 <listitem><para>right rear</para></listitem> |
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731 </orderedlist> |
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|
732 |
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|
733 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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734 <title>surround 4.0</title> |
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735 <listitem override="0"><para>left front</para></listitem> |
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736 <listitem><para>right front</para></listitem> |
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737 <listitem><para>center rear</para></listitem> |
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738 <listitem><para>center front</para></listitem> |
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739 </orderedlist> |
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|
740 |
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|
741 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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742 <title>surround 5.0</title> |
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743 <listitem override="0"><para>left front</para></listitem> |
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744 <listitem><para>right front</para></listitem> |
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745 <listitem><para>left rear</para></listitem> |
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746 <listitem><para>right rear</para></listitem> |
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747 <listitem><para>center front</para></listitem> |
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748 </orderedlist> |
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|
749 |
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750 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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751 <title>surround 5.1</title> |
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752 <listitem override="0"><para>left front</para></listitem> |
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753 <listitem><para>right front</para></listitem> |
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754 <listitem><para>left rear</para></listitem> |
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755 <listitem><para>right rear</para></listitem> |
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756 <listitem><para>center front</para></listitem> |
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|
757 <listitem><para>subwoofer</para></listitem> |
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758 </orderedlist> |
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759 </para> |
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|
760 |
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|
761 <para> |
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762 The <option>-channels</option> option is used to request the number of |
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763 channels from the audio decoder. Some audio codecs use the number of specified |
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|
764 channels to decide if downmixing the source is necessary. Note that this does |
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765 not always affect the number of output channels. For example, using |
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766 <option>-channels 4</option> to play a stereo MP3 file will still result in |
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767 2-channel output since the MP3 codec will not produce the extra channels. |
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768 </para> |
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|
769 |
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770 <para> |
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771 The <option>channels</option> audio filter can be used to create or remove |
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772 channels and is useful for controlling the number of channels sent to the sound |
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773 card. See the following sections for more information on channel manipulation. |
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774 </para> |
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775 </sect3> |
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|
776 |
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|
777 |
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|
778 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-mono"> |
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779 <title>Playing mono with two speakers</title> |
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|
780 |
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|
781 <para> |
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782 Mono sounds a lot better when played through two speakers - especially when |
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|
783 using headphones. Audio files that truly have one channel are automatically |
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|
784 played through two speakers; unfortunately, most files with mono sound are |
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|
785 actually encoded as stereo with one channel silent. The easiest and most |
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786 foolproof way to make both speakers output the same audio is the |
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787 <option>extrastereo</option> filter: |
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788 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0</screen> |
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789 </para> |
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790 |
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791 <para> |
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792 This averages both channels, resulting in both channels being half as loud as |
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793 the original. The next sections have examples of other ways to do this without a |
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794 volume decrease, but they are more complex and require different options |
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795 depending on which channel to keep. If you really need to maintain the volume, |
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796 it may be easier to experiment with the <option>volume</option> filter and find |
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797 the right value. For example: |
21521 | 798 <screen> |
799 mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0,volume=5 | |
800 </screen> | |
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801 </para> |
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802 </sect3> |
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803 |
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804 |
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805 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-copying"> |
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806 <title>Channel copying/moving</title> |
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807 |
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808 <para> |
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809 The <option>channels</option> filter can move any or all channels. |
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810 Setting up all the suboptions for the <option>channels</option> |
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811 filter can be complicated and takes a little care. |
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812 |
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813 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
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814 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 815 Decide how many output channels you need. This is the first suboption. |
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816 </para></listitem> |
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817 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 818 Count how many channel moves you will do. This is the second suboption. Each |
819 channel can be moved to several different channels at the same time, but keep | |
820 in mind that when a channel is moved (even if to only one destination) the | |
821 source channel will be empty unless another channel is moved into it. To copy | |
822 a channel, keeping the source the same, simply move the channel into both the | |
823 destination and the source. For example: | |
824 <programlisting> | |
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825 channel 2 --> channel 3 |
21521 | 826 channel 2 --> channel 2<!-- |
827 --></programlisting> | |
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828 </para></listitem> |
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829 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 830 Write out the channel copies as pairs of suboptions. Note that the first |
831 channel is 0, the second is 1, etc. The order of these suboptions does not | |
832 matter as long as they are properly grouped into | |
21732 | 833 <replaceable>source:destination</replaceable> pairs. |
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834 </para></listitem> |
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835 </orderedlist> |
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836 </para> |
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837 |
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838 <bridgehead>Example: one channel in two speakers</bridgehead> |
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839 <para> |
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840 Here is an example of another way to play one channel in both speakers. Suppose |
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841 for this example that the left channel should be played and the right channel |
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842 discarded. Following the steps above: |
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843 <orderedlist> |
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844 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 845 In order to provide an output channel for each of the two speakers, the first |
846 suboption must be "2". | |
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847 </para></listitem> |
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848 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 849 The left channel needs to be moved to the right channel, and also must be |
850 moved to itself so it won't be empty. This is a total of two moves, making | |
851 the second suboption "2" as well. | |
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852 </para></listitem> |
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853 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 854 To move the left channel (channel 0) into the right channel (channel 1), the |
855 suboption pair is "0:1", "0:0" moves the left channel onto itself. | |
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856 </para></listitem> |
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857 </orderedlist> |
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858 Putting that all together gives: |
21521 | 859 <screen> |
860 mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0 | |
861 </screen> | |
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862 </para> |
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863 |
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864 <para> |
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865 The advantage this example has over <option>extrastereo</option> is that the |
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866 volume of each output channel is the same as the input channel. The disadvantage |
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867 is that the suboptions must be changed to "2:2:1:0:1:1" when the desired audio |
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868 is in the right channel. Also, it is more difficult to remember and type. |
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869 </para> |
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870 |
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871 <bridgehead>Example: left channel in two speakers shortcut</bridgehead> |
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872 <para> |
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873 There is actually a much easier way to use the <option>channels</option> filter |
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874 for playing the left channel in both speakers: |
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875 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=1</screen> |
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876 The second channel is discarded and, with no further suboptions, the single |
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877 remaining channel is left alone. Sound card drivers automatically play |
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878 single-channel audio in both speakers. This only works when the desired channel |
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879 is on the left. |
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880 </para> |
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881 |
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882 <bridgehead>Example: duplicate front channels to the rear</bridgehead> |
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883 <para> |
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884 Another common operation is to duplicate the front channels and play them back |
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885 on the rear speakers of a quadraphonic setup. |
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886 <orderedlist> |
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887 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 888 There should be four output channels. The first suboption is "4". |
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889 </para></listitem> |
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890 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 891 Each of the two front channels needs to be moved to the corresponding rear |
892 channel and also to itself. This is four moves, so the second suboption is "4". | |
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893 </para></listitem> |
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894 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 895 The left front (channel 0) needs to moved to the left rear (channel 2): |
896 "0:2". The left front also needs to be moved to itself: "0:0". The right | |
897 front (channel 1) is moved to the right rear (channel 3): "1:3", and also to | |
898 itself: "1:1". | |
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899 </para></listitem> |
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900 </orderedlist> |
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901 Combine all the suboptions to get: |
21521 | 902 <screen> |
903 mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=4:4:0:2:0:0:1:3:1:1 | |
904 </screen> | |
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905 </para> |
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906 </sect3> |
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907 |
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908 |
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909 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-mixing"> |
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910 <title>Channel mixing</title> |
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911 |
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912 <para> |
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913 The <option>pan</option> filter can mix channels in user-specified proportions. |
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914 This allows for everything the <option>channels</option> filter can do and |
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915 more. Unfortunately, the suboptions are much more complicated. |
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916 <orderedlist> |
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917 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 918 Decide how many channels to work with. You may need to specify this with |
919 <option>-channels</option> and/or <option>-af channels</option>. | |
920 Later examples will show when to use which. | |
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921 </para></listitem> |
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922 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 923 Decide how many channels to feed into <option>pan</option> (further decoded |
924 channels are discarded). This is the first suboption, and it also controls how | |
925 many channels to employ for output. | |
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926 </para></listitem> |
21521 | 927 <listitem> |
928 <para> | |
929 The remaining suboptions specify how much of each channel gets mixed into each | |
930 other channel. This is the complicated part. To break the task down, split the | |
931 suboptions into several sets, one set for each output channel. Each suboption | |
932 within a set corresponds to an input channel. The number you specify will be | |
933 the percentage of the input channel that gets mixed into the output channel. | |
934 </para> | |
935 <para> | |
936 <option>pan</option> accepts values from 0 to 512, yielding 0% to 51200% of | |
937 the original volume. Be careful when using values greater than 1. Not only | |
938 can this give you very high volume, but if you exceed the sample range of | |
939 your sound card you may hear painful pops and clicks. If you want you can | |
940 follow <option>pan</option> with <option>,volume</option> to enable clipping, | |
941 but it is best to keep the values of <option>pan</option> low enough that | |
942 clipping is not necessary. | |
943 </para> | |
944 </listitem> | |
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945 </orderedlist> |
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946 </para> |
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947 |
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948 <bridgehead>Example: one channel in two speakers</bridgehead> |
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949 <para> |
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950 Here is yet another example for playing the left channel in two speakers. Follow |
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951 the steps above: |
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952 <orderedlist> |
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953 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 954 <option>pan</option> should output two channels, so the first |
955 suboption is "2". | |
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956 </para></listitem> |
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957 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 958 Since we have two input channels, there will be two sets of suboptions. |
959 Since there are also two output channels, | |
960 there will be two suboptions per set. | |
961 The left channel from the file should go with full volume to | |
962 the new left and the right channels. | |
963 Thus the first set of suboptions is "1:1". | |
964 The right channel should be discarded, so the second would be "0:0". | |
965 Any 0 values at the end can be left out, but for ease of | |
966 understanding we will keep them. | |
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967 </para></listitem> |
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968 </orderedlist> |
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969 Putting those options together gives: |
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970 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:1:0:0</screen> |
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971 If the right channel is desired instead of the left, the suboptions to |
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972 <option>pan</option> will be "2:0:0:1:1". |
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973 </para> |
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974 |
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975 |
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976 <bridgehead>Example: left channel in two speakers shortcut</bridgehead> |
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977 <para> |
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978 As with <option>channels</option>, there is a shortcut that only works with the |
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979 left channel: |
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980 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af pan=1:1</screen> |
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981 Since <option>pan</option> has only one channel of input (the other channel is |
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982 discarded), there is only one set with one suboption, which specifies that the |
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983 only channel gets 100% of itself. |
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984 </para> |
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985 |
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986 <bridgehead>Example: downmixing 6-channel PCM</bridgehead> |
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987 <para> |
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988 <application>MPlayer</application>'s decoder for 6-channel PCM is not capable of |
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989 downmixing. Here is a way to downmix PCM using <option>pan</option>: |
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990 <orderedlist> |
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991 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 992 The number of output channels is 2, so the first suboption is "2". |
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993 </para></listitem> |
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994 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 995 With six input channels there will be six sets of options. Fortunately, |
996 since we only care about the output of the first two channels, we only need to | |
997 make two sets; the remaining four sets can be omitted. Beware that not all | |
998 multichannel audio files have the same channel order! This example | |
999 demonstrates downmixing a file with the same channels as AC3 5.1: | |
1000 <programlisting> | |
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1001 0 - front left |
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1002 1 - front right |
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1003 2 - rear left |
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1004 3 - rear right |
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1005 4 - center front |
21521 | 1006 5 - subwoofer<!-- |
1007 --></programlisting> | |
1008 The first set of suboptions lists the percentages of the original volume, in | |
1009 order, which each output channel should receive from the | |
1010 front left channel: "1:0". | |
1011 The front right channel should go into the right output: "0:1". | |
1012 The same for the rear channels: "1:0" and "0:1". | |
1013 The center channel goes into both output channels with half volume: | |
1014 "0.5:0.5", and the subwoofer goes into both with full volume: "1:1". | |
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1015 </para></listitem> |
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1016 </orderedlist> |
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1017 Put all that together, for: |
21521 | 1018 <screen> |
1019 mplayer <replaceable>6-channel.wav</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:0:0:1:1:0:0:1:0.5:0.5:1:1 | |
1020 </screen> | |
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1021 The percentages listed above are only a rough example. Feel free to tweak them. |
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1022 </para> |
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1023 |
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1024 <bridgehead>Example: Playing 5.1 audio on big speakers without a subwoofer</bridgehead> |
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1025 <para> |
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1026 If you have a huge pair of front speakers you may not want to waste any money on |
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1027 buying a subwoofer for a complete 5.1 sound system. If you use |
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1028 <option>-channels 5</option> to request that liba52 decode 5.1 audio in 5.0, |
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1029 the subwoofer channel is simply discarded. If you want to distribute the |
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1030 subwoofer channel yourself you need to downmix manually with |
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1031 <option>pan</option>: |
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1032 <orderedlist> |
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1033 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1034 Since <option>pan</option> needs to examine all six channels, specify |
1035 <option>-channels 6</option> so liba52 decodes them all. | |
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1036 </para></listitem> |
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1037 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1038 <option>pan</option> outputs to only five channels, the first suboption is 5. |
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1039 </para></listitem> |
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1040 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1041 Six input channels and five output channels means six sets of five suboptions. |
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1042 <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
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1043 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1044 The left front channel only replicates onto itself: |
1045 "1:0:0:0:0" | |
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1046 </para></listitem> |
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1047 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1048 Same for the right front channel: |
1049 "0:1:0:0:0" | |
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1050 </para></listitem> |
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1051 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1052 Same for the left rear channel: |
1053 "0:0:1:0:0" | |
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1054 </para></listitem> |
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1055 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1056 And also the same for the right rear channel: |
1057 "0:0:0:1:0" | |
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1058 </para></listitem> |
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1059 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1060 Center front, too: |
1061 "0:0:0:0:1" | |
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1062 </para></listitem> |
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1063 <listitem><para> |
21521 | 1064 And now we have to decide what to do with the subwoofer, |
1065 e.g. half into front right and front left: | |
1066 "0.5:0.5:0:0:0" | |
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1067 </para></listitem> |
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1068 </itemizedlist> |
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1069 </para></listitem> |
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1070 </orderedlist> |
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1071 Combine all those options to get: |
21521 | 1072 <screen> |
1073 mplayer <replaceable>dvd://1</replaceable> -channels 6 -af pan=5:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0.5:0.5:0:0:0 | |
1074 </screen> | |
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1075 </para> |
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1076 </sect3> |
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1077 </sect2> |
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1078 |
21521 | 1079 <!-- ********** --> |
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1080 |
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1081 <sect2 id="advaudio-volume"> |
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1082 <title>Software Volume adjustment</title> |
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1083 |
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1084 <para> |
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1085 Some audio tracks are too quiet to be heard comfortably without amplification. |
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1086 This becomes a problem when your audio equipment cannot amplify the signal for |
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1087 you. The <option>-softvol</option> option directs |
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1088 <application>MPlayer</application> to use an internal mixer. You can then use |
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1089 the volume adjustment keys (by default <keycap>9</keycap> and |
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1090 <keycap>0</keycap>) to reach much higher volume levels. Note that this does not |
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1091 bypass your sound card's mixer; <application>MPlayer</application> only |
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1092 amplifies the signal before sending it to your sound card. |
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1093 The following example is a good start: |
21521 | 1094 <screen> |
1095 mplayer <replaceable>quiet-file</replaceable> -softvol -softvol-max 300 | |
1096 </screen> | |
16406 | 1097 The <option>-softvol-max</option> option specifies the maximum allowable output |
1098 volume as a percentage of the | |
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1099 original volume. For example, <option>-softvol-max 200</option> would allow the |
16406 | 1100 volume to be adjusted up to twice its original level. |
1101 It is safe to specify a large value with | |
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1102 <option>-softvol-max</option>; the higher volume will not be used until you |
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1103 use the volume adjustment keys. The only disadvantage of a large value is that, |
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1104 since <application>MPlayer</application> adjusts volume by a percentage of the |
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1105 maximum, you will not have as precise control when using the volume adjustment |
16406 | 1106 keys. Use a lower value with <option>-softvol-max</option> and/or specify |
1107 <option>-volstep 1</option> if you need higher precision. | |
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1108 </para> |
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1109 |
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1110 <para> |
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1111 The <option>-softvol</option> option works by controlling the |
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1112 <option>volume</option> audio filter. If you want to play a file at a certain |
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1113 volume from the beginning you can specify <option>volume</option> manually: |
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1114 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>quiet-file</replaceable> -af volume=10</screen> |
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1115 This will play the file with a ten decibel gain. Be careful when using the |
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1116 <option>volume</option> filter - you could easily hurt your ears if you use |
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1117 too high a value. Start low and work your way up gradually until you get a feel |
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1118 for how much adjustment is required. Also, if you specify excessively high |
21521 | 1119 values, <option>volume</option> may need to clip the signal to avoid sending |
1120 your sound card data that is outside the allowable range; this will result in | |
16487 | 1121 distorted audio. |
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1122 </para> |
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1123 </sect2> |
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1124 </sect1> |
9675 | 1125 </chapter> |