annotate DOCS/xml/de/mencoder.xml @ 32822:deebe1cc3729

Remove needless cast.
author ib
date Wed, 16 Feb 2011 15:56:54 +0000
parents 1bd408cc4143
children
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- in sync with r23983 -->
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3 <!-- missing cosmetic commit 21537 -->
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4 <chapter id="mencoder">
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5 <title>Allgemeiner Gebrauch von <application>MEncoder</application></title>
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6
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7 <para>
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8 Eine komplette Liste der <application>MEncoder</application>-Optionen
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9 und Beispiele findest du in der Manpage. Eine Reihe praktischer Beispiele
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10 und detaillierter Anleitungen zur Anwendung verschiedener Encodier-Parameter
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11 findet du in den
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12 <ulink url="../../tech/encoding-tips.txt">Encodier-Tipps (im Moment nur auf englisch)</ulink>,
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13 die aus verschiedenen Mailing-Listen-Threads von MPlayer-Nutzern
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14 zusammengestellt wurden.
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15 Durchsuche die Archive
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16 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mencoder-users/">hier</ulink>
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17 und für ältere Dinge besonders
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18 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">hier</ulink>
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19 nach einer Fülle von Diskussionen über alle Aspekte und Probleme mit
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20 der Encodierung mittels <application>MEncoder</application>.
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21 </para>
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22
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23 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-codec">
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24 <title>Auswahl der Codecs und Containerformate</title>
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25
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26 <para>
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27 Audio- und Videocodecs für die Encodierung werden mit den Optionen
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28 <option>-oac</option> und <option>-ovc</option> respektive gewählt.
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29 Gib zum Beispiel folgendes ein:
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30 <screen>mencoder -ovc help</screen>
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31 um alle von der <application>MEncoder</application>-Version auf deinem Rechner
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32 unterstützten Video-Codecs aufzulisten.
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33 Die folgenden Wahlmöglichkeiten stehen zur Verfügung:
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34 </para>
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35 <para>
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36 Audiocodecs:
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37
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38 <informaltable frame="all">
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39 <tgroup cols="2">
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40 <thead>
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41 <row><entry>Audiocodecname</entry><entry>Beschreibung</entry></row>
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42 </thead>
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43 <tbody>
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44 <row>
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45 <entry>mp3lame</entry>
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46 <entry>encodiere nach VBR-, ABR- oder CBR-MP3 mittels LAME</entry>
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47 </row>
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48 <row>
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49 <entry>lavc</entry>
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50 <entry>verwende einen der Audiocodecs von
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51 <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-audio-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>
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52 </entry>
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53 </row>
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54 <row>
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55 <entry>faac</entry>
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56 <entry>FAAC AAC Audio-Encoder</entry>
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57 </row>
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58 <row>
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59 <entry>toolame</entry>
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60 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 Encoder</entry>
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61 </row>
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62 <row>
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63 <entry>twolame</entry>
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64 <entry>MPEG Audio Layer 2 Encoder basierend auf tooLAME</entry>
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65 </row>
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66 <row>
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67 <entry>pcm</entry>
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68 <entry>unkomprimiertes PCM-Audio</entry>
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69 </row>
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70 <row>
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71 <entry>copy</entry>
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72 <entry>nicht neu codieren, kopiere einfach nur komprimierte Frames</entry>
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73 </row>
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74 </tbody>
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75 </tgroup>
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76 </informaltable>
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77 </para>
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78
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79 <para>
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80 Video-Codecs:
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81 <informaltable frame="all">
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82 <tgroup cols="2">
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83 <thead>
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84 <row><entry>Videocodecname</entry><entry>Beschreibung</entry></row>
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85 </thead>
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86 <tbody>
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87 <row>
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88 <entry>lavc</entry>
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89 <entry>Verwende einen der Video-Codecs von
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90 <link linkend="menc-feat-enc-libavcodec-video-codecs"><systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem></link>
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91 </entry>
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92 </row>
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93 <row>
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94 <entry>xvid</entry>
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95 <entry>Xvid, MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) Codec</entry>
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96 </row>
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97 <row>
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98 <entry>x264</entry>
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99 <entry>x264, MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC), AKA H.264 Codec</entry>
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100 </row>
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101 <row>
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102 <entry>nuv</entry>
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103 <entry>NuppelVideo, von Echtzeit-Anwendungen verwendet</entry>
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104 </row>
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105 <row>
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106 <entry>raw</entry>
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107 <entry>unkomprimierte Video-Frames</entry>
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108 </row>
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109 <row>
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110 <entry>copy</entry>
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111 <entry>nicht neu codieren, kopiere einfach nur komprimierte Frames</entry>
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112 </row>
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113 <row>
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114 <entry>frameno</entry>
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115 <entry>verwendet für 3-pass-Encodierung (nicht empfohlen)</entry>
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116 </row>
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117 </tbody>
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118 </tgroup>
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119 </informaltable>
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120 </para>
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121 <para>
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122 Ausgabe-Containerformate werden mittels der Option <option>-of</option> gewählt.
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123 Gib folgendes ein
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124 <screen>mencoder -of help</screen>
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125 um alle von der <application>MEncoder</application>-Version auf deinem Rechner
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126 unterstützten Videocodecs aufzulisten.
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127 Die folgenden Wahlmöglichkeiten stehen zur Verfügung:
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128 </para>
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129 <para>
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130 Containerformate:
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131 <informaltable frame="all">
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132 <tgroup cols="2">
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133 <thead>
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134 <row><entry>Name des Containerformats</entry><entry>Beschreibung</entry></row>
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135 </thead>
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136 <tbody>
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137 <row>
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138 <entry>lavf</entry>
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139 <entry>einer der von
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140 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>
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141 unterstützten Container</entry>
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142 </row>
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143 <row>
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144 <entry>avi</entry>
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145 <entry>Audio-Video Interleaved</entry>
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146 </row>
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147 <row>
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148 <entry>mpeg</entry>
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149 <entry>MPEG-1 und MPEG-2 PS</entry>
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150 </row>
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151 <row>
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152 <entry>rawvideo</entry>
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153 <entry>raw-Video-Stream (kein Muxen - nur ein Video-Stream)</entry>
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154 </row>
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155 <row>
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156 <entry>rawaudio</entry>
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157 <entry>raw-Audio-Stream (kein Muxen - nur ein Audio-Stream)</entry>
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158 </row>
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159 </tbody>
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160 </tgroup>
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161 </informaltable>
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162 Der AVI-Container ist das ursprüngliche Containerformat für
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163 <application>MEncoder</application>, was bedeutet, dass es der am besten
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164 gehandhabte ist und derjenige, für welchen <application>MEncoder</application>
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165 entworfen wurde.
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166 Wie oben angemerkt können weitere Containerformate verwendet werden, jedoch
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167 kann es bei deren Gebrauch zu Problemen kommen.
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168 </para>
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169
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170 <para>
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171 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>-Container:
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172 </para>
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173 <para>
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174 Wenn du für das Muxen der Ausgabedatei
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175 <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> verwendest
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176 (mittels <option>-of lavf</option>),
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177 wird das passende Containerformat entsprechend der Erweiterung der Ausgabedatei
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178 ermittelt.
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179 Du kannst ein bestimmtes Containerformat mit Hilfe der Option
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180 <option>format</option> von <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>
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181 erzwingen.
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182
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183 <informaltable frame="all">
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184 <tgroup cols="2">
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185 <thead>
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186 <row><entry><systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem> Containername</entry><entry>Beschreibung</entry></row>
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187 </thead>
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188 <tbody>
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189 <row>
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190 <entry>mpg</entry>
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191 <entry>MPEG-1 und MPEG-2 PS</entry>
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192 </row>
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193 <row>
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194 <entry>asf</entry>
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195 <entry>Advanced Streaming Format</entry>
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196 </row>
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197 <row>
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198 <entry>avi</entry>
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199 <entry>Audio-Video Interleaved</entry>
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200 </row>
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201 <row>
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202 <entry>wav</entry>
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203 <entry>Waveform Audio</entry>
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204 </row>
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205 <row>
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206 <entry>swf</entry>
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207 <entry>Macromedia Flash</entry>
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208 </row>
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209 <row>
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210 <entry>flv</entry>
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211 <entry>Macromedia Flash Video</entry>
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212 </row>
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213 <row>
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214 <entry>rm</entry>
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215 <entry>RealMedia</entry>
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216 </row>
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217 <row>
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218 <entry>au</entry>
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219 <entry>SUN AU</entry>
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220 </row>
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221 <row>
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222 <entry>nut</entry>
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223 <entry>NUT offener Container (experimentell und noch nicht Spec-konform)</entry>
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224 </row>
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225 <row>
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226 <entry>mov</entry>
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227 <entry>QuickTime</entry>
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228 </row>
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229 <row>
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230 <entry>mp4</entry>
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231 <entry>MPEG-4 Format</entry>
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232 </row>
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233 <row>
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234 <entry>dv</entry>
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235 <entry>Sony Digital Video Container</entry>
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236 </row>
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237 </tbody>
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238 </tgroup>
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239 </informaltable>
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240 Wie du siehst, erlaubt <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>
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241 <application>MEncoder</application>, in eine beachtliche Vielfalt an Containern
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242 zu muxen.
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243 Leider solltest du wirklich Paranoia angesichts der resultierenden Datei schieben,
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244 da <application>MEncoder</application> nicht von Anfang an für die Unterstützung
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245 anderer Containerformate als AVI entworfen wurde.
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246
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247 Überprüfe bitte sicherheitshalber, ob die Audio-/Video-Synchronisierung in Ordnung ist
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248 und ob die Datei von anderen Playern als <application>MPlayer</application>
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249 wiedergegeben werden kann.
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250 </para>
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251
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252 <example id="encode_to_macromedia_flash_format">
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253 <title>Encodieren in das Macromedia Flash-Format</title>
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254 <para>
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255 Erzeugen eines Macromedia Flash Videos, das in einem Web-Browser mit dem
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256 Macromedia Flash Plugin abgespielt werden kann:
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257 <screen>
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258 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.flv</replaceable> -of lavf \
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259 -oac mp3lame -lameopts abr:br=56 -ovc lavc \
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260 -lavcopts vcodec=flv:vbitrate=500:mbd=2:mv0:trell:v4mv:cbp:last_pred=3 \
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261 -srate 22050
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262 </screen>
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263 </para>
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264 </example>
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265
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266 </sect1>
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267
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268
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269 <sect1 id="menc-feat-selecting-input">
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270 <title>Auswahl von Eingabedatei oder -gerät</title>
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271
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272 <para>
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273 <application>MEncoder</application> kann aus Dateien oder direkt von
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274 einer DVD- oder VCD-Disk encodieren.
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275 Schließe einfach den Dateinamen in der Befehlszeile mit ein, um
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276 von einer Datei zu ecodieren, oder
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277 <option>dvd://</option><replaceable>Titelnummer</replaceable>
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278 bzw. <option>vcd://</option><replaceable>Tracknummer</replaceable> zum
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279 Ecodieren von einem DVD-Titel oder VCD-Track.
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280 Wenn du bereits einmal eine DVD auf deine Festplatte kopiert hast
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281 (du kannst ein Tool wie etwa <application>dvdbackup</application>
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282 verwenden, auf den meisten Systemen verfügbar)
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283 und von der Kopie encodieren willst, solltest du nach wie vor die Syntax
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284 <option>dvd://</option> benutzen, zusammen mit <option>-dvd-device</option>
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285 gefolgt vom Pfad zur kopierten DVD-Root.
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286
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287 Die Optionen <option>-dvd-device</option> und <option>-cdrom-device</option>
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288 können auch dazu genutzt werden, die Pfade zu den Geräte-Nodes zu überschreiben,
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289 um direkt von der Disk zu lesen, falls die Standardoptionen
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290 <filename>/dev/dvd</filename> und <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename> auf
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291 deinem System nicht funktionieren.
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292 </para>
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293 <para>
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294 Wenn du von einer DVD encodierst, ist es oft wünschenswert, ein zu
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295 encodierendes Kapitel oder einen Bereich von Kapiteln auszuwählen.
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296 Du kannst zu diesem Zweck die Option <option>-chapter</option> nutzen.
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297 Zum Beispiel wird <option>-chapter</option> <replaceable>1-4</replaceable>
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298 nur die Kapitel 1 bis 4 der DVD encodieren.
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299 Dies ist besonders nützlich, wenn du eine für zwei CDs bestimmte
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300 Encodierung mit 1400 MB durchführen willst, da du sicherstellen kannst,
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301 dass die Unterbrechung exakt an den Kapitelgrenzen stattfindet, anstatt mitten
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302 in einer Szene.
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303 </para>
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304 <para>
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305 Besitzt du eine unterstützte TV-Capture-Karte, kannst du auch von einem
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306 TV-In-Gerät encodieren.
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307 Verwende <option>tv://</option><replaceable>Kanalnummer</replaceable> als
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308 Dateinamen und <option>-tv</option> zur Konfiguration der zahlreichen
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309 Aufnahmeeinstellungen.
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310 Der DVB-Input funktioniert ähnlich.
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311 </para>
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312 </sect1>
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313
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314 <sect1 id="menc-feat-handheld-psp">
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315 <title>Encodieren ins Sony PSP Video Format</title>
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316
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317 <para>
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318 <application>MEncoder</application> unterstützt das Encodieren in das
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319 Sony PSP Video Format, allerdings gibt es, abhängig von der Version der PSP
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320 Software, unterschiedliche Beschränkungen.
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321 Wer sicher gehen möchte, sollte folgende Beschränkungen beachten:
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322 <itemizedlist>
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323 <listitem><para>
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324 <emphasis role="bold">Bitrate</emphasis>: sollte 1500kbps
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325 nicht überschreiten, frühere Versionen unterstützten allerdings fast jede
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326 beliebige Bitrate, so lange der Header sagte, sie sei nicht zu hoch.
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327 </para></listitem>
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328 <listitem><para>
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329 <emphasis role="bold">Dimensionen</emphasis>: die Breite und Höhe des
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330 PSP videos sollte ein Vielfaches von 16 sein, und das Produkt Breite
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331 * Höhe muss &lt;= 64000 sein.
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332 Unter gewissen Umständen kann es der PSP möglich sein, höhere
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333 Auflösungen abzuspielen.
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334 </para></listitem>
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335 <listitem><para>
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336 <emphasis role="bold">Audio</emphasis>: die Samplerate sollte für
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337 MPEG-4 Videos 24kHz, und für H.264 48kHz betragen.
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338 </para></listitem>
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339 </itemizedlist>
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340 </para>
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341
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342 <example id="encode_for_psp">
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343 <title>Encodierung für PSP</title>
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344 <para>
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345 <screen>
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346 mencoder -ofps 30000/1001 -af lavcresample=24000 -vf harddup -of lavf \
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347 -oac lavc -ovc lavc -lavcopts aglobal=1:vglobal=1:vcodec=mpeg4:acodec=libfaac \
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348 -lavfopts format=psp \
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349 <replaceable>input.video</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.psp</replaceable>
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350 </screen>
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351 Der Titel des Videos kann folgendermaßen angepasst werden:
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352 <option>-info name=<replaceable>MovieTitle</replaceable></option>.
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353 </para>
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354 </example>
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355 </sect1>
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356
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357
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358 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg4">
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359 <title>Encodieren von 2-pass-MPEG4 ("DivX")</title>
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360
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361 <para>
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362 Der Name kommt daher, dass diese Methode die Datei <emphasis>zweimal</emphasis>
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363 encodiert.
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364 Die erste Encodierung (synchronisierter Durchgang) erzeugt einige temporäre
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365 Dateien (<filename>*.log</filename>) mit einer Größe von ein paar Megabyte,
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366 lösche diese noch nicht (du kannst dabei die AVI löschen oder vielmehr einfach
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367 kein Video erstellen, indem du sie nach <filename>/dev/null</filename>
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368 umadressierst).
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369 Im zweiten Durchgang wird die 2-pass-Ausgabedatei erzeugt, indem die
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370 Bitraten-Daten der temporären Dateien genutzt werden. Die sich daraus
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371 ergebende Datei wird eine viel bessere Bildqualität besitzen. Wenn du das
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372 erste Mal davon gehört hast, solltest du einige im Netz verfügbare Handbücher
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373 zu Rate ziehen.
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374 </para>
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375
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376 <example id="copy_audio_track">
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377 <title>Kopieren eines Audio-Tracks</title>
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378 <para>
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379 2-pass-Encodierung des zweiten Tracks einer DVD zu einer MPEG4 ("DivX")
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380 AVI-Datei während des gleichzeitigen Kopierens des Audio-Tracks.
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381 <screen>
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382 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o /dev/null
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383 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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384 </screen>
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385 </para>
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386 </example>
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387
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388 <example id="encode_audio_track">
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389 <title>Encodieren eines Audio-Tracks</title>
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390 <para>
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391 2-pass-Encodierung einer DVD nach einer MPEG4 ("DivX") AVI-Datei
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392 während des gleichzeitigen Encodierens des Audio-Tracks nach MP3.
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393 Sei bei der Anwendung dieser Methode vorsichtig, da sie in einigen Fällen
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394 zur Audio-/Video-Desynchronisierung führen kann.
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395 <screen>
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396 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o /dev/null
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397 mencoder dvd://2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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398 </screen>
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399 </para>
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400 </example>
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401 </sect1>
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402
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403 <sect1 id="menc-feat-mpeg">
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404 <title>Encodieren ins MPEG-Format</title>
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405 <para>
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406 <application>MEncoder</application> kann Ausgabedateien im Format
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407 MPEG (MPEG-PS) erzeugen.
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408 Gewöhnlich, wenn du MPEG1- oder MPEG2-Videos benutzt, tust du dies, weil
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409 du in ein erzwungenes Format wie SVCD, VCD oder DVD encodierst.
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410 Die spezifischen Anforderungen an diese Formate werden im Abschnitt
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411 <link linkend="menc-feat-vcd-dvd">Verwenden von MEncoder zum Erzeugen
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412 VCD/SVCD/DVD-konformer Dateien</link>
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413 beschrieben.
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414 </para>
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415
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416 <para>
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417 Verwende die Option <option>-of mpeg</option>, um das Format der
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418 Ausgabedatei von <application>MEncoder</application> zu ändern.
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419 </para>
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420
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421 <informalexample>
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422 <para>
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423 Beispiel:
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424 <screen>
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425 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video \
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426 -oac copy <replaceable>other_options</replaceable> -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable>
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427 </screen>
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428 Erzeugen einer für das Abspielen auf Systemen mit minimalem Multimedia-Support
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429 geeigneten MPEG1-Datei, wie etwa auf Standard-Windows-Installationen:
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430 <screen>
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431 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -of mpeg -mpegopts format=mpeg1:tsaf:muxrate=2000 \
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432 -o <replaceable>output.mpg</replaceable> -oac lavc -ovc lavc \
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433 -lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224:vcodec=mpeg1video:vbitrate=1152:keyint=15:mbd=2:aspect=4/3
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434 </screen>
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435 Das gleiche bei Benutzung des MPEG-Muxers von <systemitem class="library">libavformat</systemitem>:
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436 <screen>
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437 mencoder <replaceable>input.avi</replaceable> -o <replaceable>VCD.mpg</replaceable> -ofps 25 -vf scale=352:288,harddup -of lavf \
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438 -lavfopts format=mpg -oac lavc -lavcopts acodec=mp2:abitrate=224 -ovc lavc \
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439 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video:vrc_buf_size=327:keyint=15:vrc_maxrate=1152:vbitrate=1152:vmax_b_frames=0
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440 </screen>
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441 </para>
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442 </informalexample>
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443
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444 <note><title>Hinweis:</title>
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445 <para>
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446 Wenn dich die Video-Qualität des zweiten Durchgangs aus irgendeinem
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447 Grund nicht zufrieden gestellt hat, kannst du deine Encodierung
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448 mit einer anderen Zielbitrate erneut durchlaufen lassen, vorausgesetzt,
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449 du hast die Statistikdateien des vorherigen Durchgangs gesichert.
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450 Dies ist möglich, weil das Primärziel der Statistikdateien die Aufzeichnung
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451 der Komplexität jedes Frames ist, was nicht allzusehr von der Bitrate
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452 abhängt. Du solltest daher beachten, dass du die besten Ergebnisse bekommst,
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453 wenn alle Durchgänge mit nicht zu sehr voneinander abweichenden
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454 Ziel-Bitraten durchlaufen werden.
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455 </para>
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456 </note>
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457
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458 </sect1>
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459
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460 <sect1 id="menc-feat-rescale">
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461 <title>Reskalierung von Filmen</title>
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462
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463 <para>
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464 Oft taucht die Notwendigkeit auf, die Größe der Bilder eines Films zu
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465 ändern. Das kann viele Gründe haben: das Anwachsen der Dateigröße,
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466 Netzwerkbandbreite etc. Die meisten Leute reskalieren gerade beim
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467 Konvertieren von DVDs oder SVCDs nach DivX AVI. Wenn du reskalieren willst,
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468 lies den Abschnitt <link linkend="aspect">Beibehalten des Seitenverhältnisses</link>.
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469 </para>
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470
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471 <para>
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472 Der Skalierungsprozess wird vom <literal>scale</literal>-Video-Filter verarbeitet:
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473 <option>-vf scale=<replaceable>Breite</replaceable>:<replaceable>Hoehe</replaceable></option>.
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474 Seine Qualität kann mit der Option <option>-sws</option> gesetzt werden.
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475 Ist sie nicht angegeben, wird <application>MEncoder</application> 2: bikubisch
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476 verwenden.
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477 </para>
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478
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479 <para>
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480 Anwendung:
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481 <screen>
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482 mencoder <replaceable>input.mpg</replaceable> -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell \
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483 -vf scale=640:480 -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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484 </screen>
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485 </para>
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486 </sect1>
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487
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488
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489 <sect1 id="menc-feat-streamcopy">
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490 <title>Kopieren von Streams</title>
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491
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492 <para>
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493 <application>MEncoder</application> kann Input-Streams auf zwei Arten verarbeiten:
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494 <emphasis role="bold">Encodiere</emphasis> oder <emphasis role="bold">kopiere</emphasis>
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495 sie. Dieser Abschnitt behandelt das <emphasis role="bold">Kopieren</emphasis>.
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496 </para>
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497
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498 <itemizedlist>
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499 <listitem><para>
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500 <emphasis role="bold">Videostream</emphasis> (Option <option>-ovc copy</option>):
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501 Damit kann man nette Sachen machen :) Wie etwa FLI oder VIVO oder
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502 MPEG1-Video in eine AVI-Datei legen (nicht konvertieren!)! Sicherlich kann
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503 nur <application>MPlayer</application> solche Dateien abspielen :)
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504 Und es hat tatsächlich keine wirkliche Daseinsberechtigung.
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505 Rational: Das Kopieren eines Video-Stream kann zum Beispiel dann
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506 nützlich sein, wenn nur der Audio-Stream encodiert werden muß (wie
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507 unkomprimiertes PCM nach MP3).
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508 </para></listitem>
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509 <listitem><para>
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510 <emphasis role="bold">Audiostream</emphasis> (Option <option>-oac copy</option>):
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511 unkompliziert. Es ist möglich, eine externe Audio-Datei (MP3,
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512 WAV) herzunehmen und sie in einen Ausgabestream zu muxen. Nimm dazu die
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513 Option <option>-audiofile <replaceable>Dateinamename</replaceable></option>.
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514 </para></listitem>
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515 </itemizedlist>
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516
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517 <para>
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518 Das Anwenden von <option>-oac copy</option>, um von einem
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519 Containerformat zum anderen zu kopieren, kann
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520 <option>-fafmttag</option> erfordern, um das Audio-Format-Tag der Originaldatei
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521 beizubehalten.
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522 Wenn du zum Beispiel eine NSV-Datei mit AAC-Audio in einen AVI-Container
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523 konvertierst, wird der Audio-Format-Tag fehlerhaft sein und muss geändert
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524 werden. <filename>codecs.conf</filename> enthält eine Liste von
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525 Audio-Format-Tags.
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526 </para>
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527
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528 <para>
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529 Beispiel:
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530 <screen>
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531 mencoder <replaceable>input.nsv</replaceable> -oac copy -fafmttag 0x706D \
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532 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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533 </screen>
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534 </para>
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535
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536 </sect1>
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537
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538
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539 <sect1 id="menc-feat-enc-images">
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540 <title>Encodieren von mehreren Input-Bilddateien (JPEG, PNG, TGA, etc.)</title>
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541
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542 <para>
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543 <application>MEncoder</application> ist in der Lage, Filme aus einer oder
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544 mehreren JPEG-, PNG-, TGA- oder andere Bilddateien zu erzeugen. Mit einem einfachen
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545 framecopy kann es Dateien wie MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG (Motion PNG)
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546 oder MTGA (Motion TGA) generieren.
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547 </para>
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548
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549 <orderedlist>
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550 <title>Erläuterung des Prozesses:</title>
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551 <listitem><para>
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552 <application>MEncoder</application> <emphasis>decodiert</emphasis> das/die
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553 Input-Bild(er) mittels <systemitem class="library">libjpeg</systemitem>
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554 (beim Decodieren von PNGs nimmt er <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem>).
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555 </para></listitem>
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556 <listitem><para>
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557 <application>MEncoder</application> führt dann das decodierte Bild dem
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558 gewählten Video-Kompressor zu (DivX4, Xvid, FFmpeg msmpeg4, etc).
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559 </para></listitem>
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560 </orderedlist>
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561
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562 <formalpara>
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563 <title>Beispiele</title>
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564 <para>
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565 Die Erklärung der Option <option>-mf</option> steht in der Manpage.
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566
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567 <informalexample>
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568 <para>
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569 Erzeugen einer MPEG4-Datei aus allen im aktuellen Verzeichnis liegenden
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570 JPEG-Dateien:
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571 <screen>
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572 mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc lavc \
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573 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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574 </screen>
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575 </para>
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576 </informalexample>
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577
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578 <informalexample>
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579 <para>
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580 Erzeugen einer MPEG4-Datei aus einigen im aktuellen Verzeichnis liegenden
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581 JPEG-Dateien:
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582 <screen>
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583 mencoder mf://<replaceable>frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg \
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584 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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585 </screen>
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586 </para>
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587 </informalexample>
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588
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589 <informalexample>
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590 <para>
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591 Erzeugen einer MPEG4-Datei aus einer eindeutigen Liste von JPEG-Dateien (list.txt im
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592 aktuellem Verzeichnis enthält die Liste von Dateien, die als Quelle genutzt werden
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593 sollen, eine pro Zeile):
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594 <screen>
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595 mencoder mf://<replaceable>@list.txt</replaceable> -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg \
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596 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable>
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597 </screen>
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598 </para>
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599 </informalexample>
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600
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601 Du kannst verschiedene Bildtypen mischen, dabei ist egal, welche Methode du verwendest
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602 &mdash; individuelle Dateinamen, Wildcard oder eine Datei mit einer Liste &mdash;
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603 vorausgesetzt natürlich, dass sie dieselben Abmessungen haben.
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604 Du kannst also den Titel von einer PNG-Datei nehmen und daran eine Diashow
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605 aus JPEG-Bildern anhängen.
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606
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607 <informalexample>
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608 <para>
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609 Erzeugen einer Motion JPEG (MJPEG) Datei aus allen im aktuellen Verzeichnis liegenden
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610 JPEG-Dateien:
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611 <screen>mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=jpg -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen>
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612 </para>
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613 </informalexample>
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614
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615 <informalexample>
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616 <para>
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617 Erzeugen einer unkomprimierten Datei aus allen PNG-Dateien im aktuellen Verzeichnis:
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618 <screen>mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -oac copy -o<replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen>
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619 </para>
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620 </informalexample>
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621
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622 <note><para>
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623 Die Breite muß ein Vielfaches von 4 sein, dies ist eine Einschränkung des
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624 RAW RGB AVI Formats.
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625 </para></note>
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626
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627 <informalexample>
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628 <para>
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629 Erzeugen einer Motion PNG (MPNG) Datei aus allen PNG-Dateien im aktuellen Verzeichnis:
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630 <screen>mencoder mf://*.png -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen>
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631 </para>
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632 </informalexample>
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633
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634 <informalexample>
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635 <para>
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636 Erzeugen einer Motion TGA (MTGA) Datei aus allen TGA-Dateien im aktuellen Verzeichnis:
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637 <screen>mencoder mf://*.tga -mf w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy -oac copy -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen>
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638 </para>
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639 </informalexample>
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640
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641 </para>
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642 </formalpara>
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643 </sect1>
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644
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645
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646 <sect1 id="menc-feat-extractsub">
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647 <title>Extrahieren von DVD-Untertiteln in eine VOBsub-Datei</title>
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648
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649 <para>
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650 <application>MEncoder</application> kann Untertitel aus einer DVD
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651 in VOBsub-formatierte Dateien extrahieren. Diese bestehen aus einem
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652 Paar von Dateien mit den Endungen <filename>.idx</filename> und
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653 <filename>.sub</filename> und sind für gewöhnlich in ein einzelnes
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654 <filename>.rar</filename>-Archiv gepackt.
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655 <application>MPlayer</application> kann diese mit den Optionen
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656 <option>-vobsub</option> und <option>-vobsubid</option> abspielen.
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657 </para>
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658
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659 <para>
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660 Du legst den Basisnamen der Ausgabedateien (z.B ohne die Erweiterung
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661 <filename>.idx</filename> oder <filename>.sub</filename>)
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662 mittels <option>-vobsubout</option> fest und den Index für diesen
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663 Untertitel der resultierenden Dateien mit <option>-vobsuboutindex</option>.
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664 </para>
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665
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666 <para>
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667 Stammt der Input nicht von einer DVD, solltest du <option>-ifo</option>
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668 verwenden, um die zur Konstruktion der resultierenden
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669 <filename>.idx</filename>-Datei benötigten <filename>.ifo</filename>-Datei
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670 anzugeben.
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671 </para>
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672
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673 <para>
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674 Stammt der Input nicht von einer DVD und besitzt du die
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675 <filename>.ifo</filename>-Datei nicht, musst du die Option
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676 <option>-vobsubid</option> anwenden, um ihn wissen zu lassen, welche
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677 Sprach-ID in die <filename>.idx</filename>-Datei eingefügt werden soll.
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678 </para>
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679
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680 <para>
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681 Jeder Start wird den laufenden Untertitel anhängen, falls die
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682 <filename>.idx</filename>- und <filename>.sub</filename>-Dateien bereits
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683 existieren. Also solltest du beide vor dem Start entfernen.
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684 </para>
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685
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686 <example id="copying_two_subtitles_from_a_dvd_while_doing_two_pass_encoding">
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687 <title>Kopieren zweier Untertitel aus einer DVD während einer 2-pass-Encodierung</title>
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688 <screen>
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689 rm <replaceable>subtitles.idx</replaceable> <replaceable>subtitles.sub</replaceable>
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690 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 \
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691 -vobsubout <replaceable>subtitles</replaceable> -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid 2
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692 mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:vpass=2 \
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693 -vobsubout <replaceable>subtitles</replaceable> -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5<!--
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694 --></screen>
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695 </example>
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696
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697 <example id="copying_a_french_subtitle_from_an_mpeg_file">
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698 <title>Kopieren eines französichen Untertitels aus einer MPEG-Datei</title>
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699 <screen>
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700 rm <replaceable>subtitles.idx</replaceable> <replaceable>subtitles.sub</replaceable>
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701 mencoder <replaceable>movie.mpg</replaceable> -ifo <replaceable>movie.ifo</replaceable> -vobsubout <replaceable>subtitles</replaceable> -vobsuboutindex 0 \
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702 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1 -nosound -ovc copy
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703 </screen>
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704 </example>
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705
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706 </sect1>
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707
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708 <sect1 id="aspect">
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709 <title>Beibehalten des Seitenverhältnisses</title>
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710 <para>
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711 Dateien von DVDs und SVCDs (z.B. MPEG1/2) enthalten einen Wert für das
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712 Seitenverhältnis, welcher beschreibt, wie der Player den Videostream
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713 skalieren soll, damit Menschen keine Eierköpfe kriegen
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714 (Beispiel: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). Beim Encodieren zu AVI-(DivX)-Dateien
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715 musst du dir bewusst sein, dass AVI-Header diesen Wert nicht abspeichern.
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716 Das Reskalieren des Films ist ätzend und zeitaufwändig, da muss es doch
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717 einen besseren Weg geben!
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718 </para>
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719
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720 <para>Es gibt ihn.</para>
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721
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722 <para>
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723 MPEG4 besitzt ein einzigartiges Feature: Der Video-Stream kann sein
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724 benötigtes Seitenverhältnis enthalten. Ja, genau wie MPEG1/2 (DVD, SVCD)
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725 und H.263 Dateien. Bedauerlicherweise gibt es abgesehen von
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726 <application>MPlayer</application> wenige Video-Player, die dieses
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727 MPEG4-Attribut unterstützen.
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728 </para>
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729
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730 <para>
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731 Dieses Feature kann nur mit dem <systemitem>mpeg4</systemitem>-Codec von
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732 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>
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733 verwendet werden. Vergiss nicht: Obwohl <application>MPlayer</application>
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734 die erzeugte Datei korrekt abspielen wird, könnten andere Player das verkehrte
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735 Seitenverhältnis benutzen.
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736 </para>
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737
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738 <para>
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739 Du solltest auf jeden Fall die schwarzen Bänder oberhalb und unterhalb des
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740 Filmbildes abschneiden.
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741 In der Manpage steht mehr zur Verwendung der Filter <systemitem>cropdetect</systemitem>
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742 und <systemitem>crop</systemitem>.
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743 </para>
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744
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745 <para>
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746 Anwendung:
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747 <screen>mencoder <replaceable>sample-svcd.mpg</replaceable> -vf crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -ovc lavc \
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748 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:mbd=2:trell:autoaspect -o <replaceable>output.avi</replaceable></screen>
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749 </para>
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750 </sect1>
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751
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752 </chapter>