annotate es/undo.tex @ 557:626c16b87174

corrected a typo
author Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
date Sun, 21 Dec 2008 12:03:26 -0500
parents 3e78daaad99b
children 9da096de3c52
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1 \chapter{Encontrar y arreglar sus equivocaciones}
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2 \label{chap:undo}
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3
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4 Errar es humano, pero tratar adecuadamente las consecuencias requiere
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5 un sistema de control de revisiones de primera categoría. En este
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6 capítulo, discutiremos algunas técnicas que puede usar cuando
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7 encuentra que hay un problema enraizado en su proyecto. Mercurial
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8 tiene unas características poderosas que le ayudarán a isolar las
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9 fuentes de los problemas, y a dar cuenta de ellas apropiadamente.
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10
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11 \section{Borrar la historia local}
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12
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13 \subsection{La consignación accidental}
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14
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15 Tengo el problema ocasional, pero persistente de teclear más rápido de
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16 lo que pienso, que aveces resulta en consignar un conjunto de cambios
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17 incompleto o simplemente malo. En mi caso, el conjunto de cambios
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18 incompleto consiste en que creé un nuevo fichero fuente, pero olvidé
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19 hacerle \hgcmd{add}. Un conjunto de cambios``simplemente malo'' no es
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20 tan común, pero sí resulta muy molesto.
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21
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22 \subsection{Hacer rollback una transacción}
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23 \label{sec:undo:rollback}
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24
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25 En la sección~\ref{sec:concepts:txn}, mencioné que Mercurial trata
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26 modificación a un repositorio como una \emph{transacción}. Cada vez
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27 que consigna un conjunto de cambios o lo jala de otro repositorio,
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28 Mercurial recuerda lo que hizo. Puede deshacer, o hacer \emph{roll back}\ndt{El significado igual que en los
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29 ambientes de sistemas manejadores de bases de datos se refiere a
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30 la atomicidad e integridad al devolver un conjunto de acciones que
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31 permitan dejar el repositorio en un estado consistente previo},
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32 exactamente una de tales acciones usando la orden \hgcmd{rollback}.
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33 (Ver en la sección~\ref{sec:undo:rollback-after-push} una anotación
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34 importante acerca del uso de esta orden.)
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35
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36 A continuación una equivocación que me sucede frecuentemente:
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37 consignar un cambio en el cual he creado un nuevo fichero, pero he
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38 olvidado hacerle \hgcmd{add}.
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39 \interaction{rollback.commit}
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40 La salida de \hgcmd{status} después de la consignación confirma
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41 inmediatamente este error.
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42 \interaction{rollback.status}
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43 La consignación capturó los cambios en el fichero \filename{a}, pero
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44 no el nuevo fichero \filename{b}. Si yo publicara este conjunto de
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45 cambios a un repositorio compartido con un colega, es bastante
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46 probable que algo en \filename{a} se refiriera a \filename{b}, el cual
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47 podría no estar presente cuando jalen mis cambios del repositorio. Me
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48 convertiría el sujeto de cierta indignación.
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49
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50 Como sea, la suerte me acompaña---Encontré mi error antes de publicar
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51 el conjunto de cambios. Uso la orden \hgcmd{rollback}, y Mercurial
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52 hace desaparecer el último conjunto de cambios.
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53 \interaction{rollback.rollback}
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54 El conjunto de cambios ya no está en la historia del repositorio, y el
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55 directorio de trabajo cree que el fichero \filename{a} ha sido
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56 modificado. La consignación y el roll back dejaron el directorio de
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57 trabajo exactamente como estaba antes de la consignación; el conjunto
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58 de cambios ha sido eliminado totlamente. Ahora puedo hacer \hgcmd{add}
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59 al fichero \filename{b}, y hacer de nuevo la consignación.
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60 \interaction{rollback.add}
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61
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62 \subsection{Erroneamente jalado}
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63
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64 Mantener ramas de desarrollo separadas de un proyecto en distintos
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65 repositorios es una práctica común con Mercurial. Su equipo de
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66 desarrollo puede tener un repositorio compartido para la versión ``0.9''
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67 y otra con cambios distintos para la versión ``1.0''.
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68
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69 Con este escenario, puede imaginar las consecuencias si tuviera un
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70 repositorio local ``0.9'', y jalara accidentalmente los cambios del
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71 repositorio compartido de la versión ``1.0'' en este. En el peor de
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72 los casos, por falta de atención, es posible que publique tales
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73 cambios en el árbol compartido ``0.9'', confundiendo a todo su equipo
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74 de trabajo(pero no se preocupe, volveremos a este terrorífico
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75 escenario posteriormente). En todo caso, es muy probable que usted se
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76 de cuenta inmediatamente, dado que Mercurial mostrará el URL de donde
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77 está jalando, o que vea jalando una sospechosa gran cantidad de
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78 cambios en el repositorio.
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79
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80 La orden \hgcmd{rollback} excluirá eficientemente los conjuntos de
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81 cambios que haya acabado de jalar. Mercurial agrupa todos los cambios
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82 de un \hgcmd{pull} a una única transacción y bastará con un
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83 \hgcmd{rollback} para deshacer esta equivocación.
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84
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85 \subsection{Después de publicar, un roll back es futil}
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86 \label{sec:undo:rollback-after-push}
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87
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88 El valor de \hgcmd{rollback} se anula cuando ha publicado sus cambios
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89 a otro repositorio. Un cambio desaparece totalmente al hacer roll back,
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90 pero \emph{solamente} en el repositorio en el cual aplica
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91 \hgcmd{rollback}. Debido a que un roll back elimina la historia,
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92 no hay forma de que la desaparición de un cambio se propague entre
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93 repositorios.
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94
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95 Si ha publicado un cambio en otro repositorio---particularmente si es
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96 un repositorio público---esencialmente está ``en terreno agreste,''
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97 y tendrá que reparar la equivocación de un modo distinto. Lo que
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98 pasará si publica un conjunto de cambios en algún sitio, hacer
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99 rollback y después volver a jalar del repositorio del cual había
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100 publicado, es que el conjunto de cambios reaparecerá en su repositorio.
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101
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102 (Si está absolutamente segruro de que el conjunto de cambios al que
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103 desea hacer rollback es el cambio más reciente del repositorio en el
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104 cual publicó, \emph{y} sabe que nadie más pudo haber jalado de tal
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105 repositorio, puede hacer rollback del conjunto de cambios allí, pero
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106 es mejor no confiar en una solución de este estilo. Si lo hace, tarde
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107 o temprano un conjunto de cambios logrará colarse en un repositorio
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108 que usted no controle directamente(o del cual se ha olvidado), y
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109 volverá a hostigarle.)
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110
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111 \subsection{Solamente hay un roll back}
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112
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113 Mercurial almacena exactamente una transacción en su bitácora de
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114 transacciones; tal transacción es la más reciente de las que haya
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115 ocurrido en el repositorio. Esto significa que solamente puede hacer
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116 roll back a una transacción. Si espera poder hacer roll back a una
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117 transacción después al antecesor, observará que no es el
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118 comportamiento que obtendrá.
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119 \interaction{rollback.twice}
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120 Una vez que haya aplicado un rollback en una transacción a un
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121 repositorio, no podrá volver a hacer rollback hasta que haga una
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122 consignación o haya jalado.
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123
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124 \section{Revertir un cambio equivocado}
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125
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126 Si modifica un fichero y se da cuenta que no quería realmente cambiar
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127 tal fichero, y todavía no ha consignado los cambios, la orden
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128 necesaria es \hgcmd{revert}. Observa el conjunto de cambios padre del
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129 directorio y restaura los contenidos del fichero al estado de tal
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130 conjunto de cambios. (Es una forma larga de decirlo, usualmente
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131 deshace sus modificaciones.)
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132
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133 Ilustremos como actúa la orden \hgcmd{revert} con un ejemplo
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134 pequeño. Comenzaremos modificando un fichero al cual Mercurial ya está
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135 siguiendo.
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136 \interaction{daily.revert.modify}
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137 Si no queremos ese cambio, podemos aplicar \hgcmd{revert} al fichero.
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138 \interaction{daily.revert.unmodify}
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139 La orden \hgcmd{revert} nos brinda un grado adicional de seguridad
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140 guardando nuestro fichero modificado con la extensión \filename{.orig}.
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141 \interaction{daily.revert.status}
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142
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143 Este es un resumen de casos en los cuales la orden \hgcmd{revert} es
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144 de utilidad. Describiremos cada uno de ellos con más detalle en la
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145 sección siguiente.
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146 \begin{itemize}
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147 \item Si usted modifica un fichero, lo restaurará a su estado sin
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148 modificación previo.
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149 \item Si usted hace \hgcmd{add} a un fichero, revertirá el estado de
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150 ``adicionado'' del fichero, pero no lo tocará
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151 \item Si borra un fichero sin decirle a Mercurial, restaurará el
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152 fichero con sus contenidos sin modificación.
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153 \item Si usa la orden \hgcmd{remove} para eliminar un fichero, deshará
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154 el estado ``removido'' del fichero, y lo restaurará con sus
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155 contenidos sin modificación.
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156 \end{itemize}
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157
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158 \subsection{Errores al administrar ficheros}
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159 \label{sec:undo:mgmt}
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160
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161 La orden \hgcmd{revert} es útil para más que ficheros modificados. Le
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162 permite reversar los resultados de todas las órdenes de administración
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163 de ficheros que provee Mercurial---\hgcmd{add}, \hgcmd{remove}, y las
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164 demás.
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165
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166 Si usted hace \hgcmd{add} a un fichero, y no deseaba que Mercurial le
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167 diera seguimiento, use \hgcmd{revert} para deshacer la adición. No se
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168 preocupe; Mercurial no modificará de forma alguna el fichero.
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169 Solamente lo ``desmarcará''.
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170 \interaction{daily.revert.add}
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171
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172 De forma similar, Si le solicita a Mercurial hacer \hgcmd{remove} a un
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173 fichero, puede usar \hgcmd{revert} para restarurarlo a los contenidos
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174 que tenía la revisión padre del directorio de trabajo.
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175 \interaction{daily.revert.remove}
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176 Funciona de la misma manera para un fichero que usted haya eliminado
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177 manualmente, sin decirle a Mercurial (recuerde que en la terminología
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178 de Mercurial esta clase de fichero se llama ``faltante'').
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179 \interaction{daily.revert.missing}
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180
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181 Si usted revierte un \hgcmd{copy}, el fichero a donde se copió
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182 permanece en su directorio de trabajo, pero sin seguimiento. Dado que
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183 una copia no afecta el fichero fuente de copiado de ninguna maner,
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184 Mercurial no hace nada con este.
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185 \interaction{daily.revert.copy}
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186
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187 \subsubsection{Un caso ligeramente especial:revertir un renombramiento}
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188
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189 Si hace \hgcmd{rename} a un fichero, hay un detalle que debe tener en
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190 cuenta. Cuando aplica \hgcmd{revert} a un cambio de nombre, no es
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191 suficiente proveer el nombre del fichero destino, como puede verlo en
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192 el siguiente ejemplo.
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193 \interaction{daily.revert.rename}
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194 Como puede ver en la salida de \hgcmd{status}, el fichero con el nuevo
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195 nombre no se identifica más como agregado, pero el fichero con el
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196 nombre-\emph{inicial} se elimna! Esto es contra-intuitivo (por lo
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197 menos para mí), pero por lo menos es fácil arreglarlo.
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198 \interaction{daily.revert.rename-orig}
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199 Por lo tanto, recuerde, para revertir un \hgcmd{rename}, debe proveer
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200 \emph{ambos} nombres, la fuente y el destino.
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201
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202 % TODO: the output doesn't look like it will be removed!
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203
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204 (A propósito, si elimina un fichero, y modifica el fichero con el
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205 nuevo nombre, al revertir ambos componentes del renombramiento, cuando
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206 Mercurial restaure el fichero que fue eliminado como parte del
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207 renombramiento, no será modificado.
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208 Si necesita que las modificaciones en el fichero destino del
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209 renombramiento se muestren, no olvide copiarlas encima.)
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210
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211 Estos aspectos engorrosos al revertir un renombramiento se constituyen
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212 discutiblemente en un fallo de Mercurial.
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213
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214 \section{Tratar cambios consignados}
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215
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216 Considere un caso en el que ha consignado el cambio $a$, y otro cambio
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217 $b$ sobre este; se ha dado cuenta que el cambio $a$ era
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218 incorrecto. Mercurial le permite ``retroceder'' un conjunto de cambios
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219 completo automáticamente, y construir bloques que le permitan revertir
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220 parte de un conjunto de cambios a mano.
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221
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222 Antes de leer esta sección, hay algo para tener en cuenta: la orden
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223 \hgcmd{backout} deshace cambios \emph{adicionando} a la historia, sin
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224 modificar o borrar. Es la herramienta correcta si está arreglando
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225 fallos, pero no si está tratando de deshacer algún cambio que tiene
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226 consecuencias catastróficas. Para tratar con esos, vea la sección~\ref{sec:undo:aaaiiieee}.
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227
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228 \subsection{Retroceder un conjunto de cambios}
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229
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230 La orden \hgcmd{backout} le permite ``deshacer'' los efectos de todo
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231 un conjunto de cambios de forma automatizada. Dado que la historia de
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232 Mercurial es inmutable, esta orden \emph{no} se deshace del conjunto
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233 de cambios que usted desea deshacer. En cambio, crea un nuevo
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234 conjunto de cambios que \emph{reversa} el conjunto de cambios que
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235 usted indique.
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236
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237 La operación de la orden \hgcmd{backout} es un poco intrincada, y lo
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238 ilustraremos con algunos ejemplos. Primero crearemos un repositorio
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239 con algunos cambios sencillos.
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240 \interaction{backout.init}
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241
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242 La orden \hgcmd{backout} toma un ID de conjunto de cambios como su
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243 argumento; el conjunto de cambios a retroceder. Normalmente
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244 \hgcmd{backout} le ofrecerá un editor de texto para escribir el
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245 mensaje de la consignación, para dejar un registro de por qué está
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246 retrocediendo. En este ejemplo, colocamos un mensaje en la
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247 consignación usando la opción \hgopt{backout}{-m} .
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248
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249 \subsection{Retroceder el conjunto de cambios punta}
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250
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251 Comenzamos retrocediendo el último conjunto de cambios que consignamos.
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252 \interaction{backout.simple}
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253 Puede ver que la segunda línea de \filename{myfile} ya no está
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254 presente. La salida de \hgcmd{log} nos da una idea de lo que la orden
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255 \hgcmd{backout} ha hecho.
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256 \interaction{backout.simple.log}
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257 Vea que el nuevo conjunto de cambios que \hgcmd{backout} ha creado es
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258 un hijo del conjunto de cambios que retrocedimos. Es más sencillo de
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259 ver en la figura~\ref{fig:undo:backout}, que presenta una vista
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260 gráfica de la historia de cambios. Como puede ver, la historia es
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261 bonita y lineal.
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262
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263 \begin{figure}[htb]
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264 \centering
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265 \grafix{undo-simple}
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266 \caption{Retroceso de un cambio con la orden \hgcmd{backout}}
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267 \label{fig:undo:backout}
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268 \end{figure}
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269
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270 \subsection{Retroceso de un cambio que no es la punta}
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271
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272 Si desea retrocede un cambio distinto al último que ha consignado, use
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273 la opción \hgopt{backout}{--merge} a la orden \hgcmd{backout}.
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274 \interaction{backout.non-tip.clone}
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275 Que resulta en un retroceso de un conjunto de cambios ``en un sólo
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276 tiro'', una operación que resulta normalmente rápida y sencilla.
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277 \interaction{backout.non-tip.backout}
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278
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279 Si ve los contenidos del fichero \filename{myfile} después de
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280 finalizar el retroceso, verá que el primer y el tercer cambio están
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281 presentes, pero no el segundo.
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282 \interaction{backout.non-tip.cat}
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283
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284 Como lo muestra la historia gráfica en la
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285 figura~\ref{fig:undo:backout-non-tip}, Mercurial realmente consigna
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286 \emph{dos} cambios en estas situaciones (los nodos encerrados en una
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287 caja son aquellos que Mercurial consigna automaticamente). Antes de
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288 que Mercurial comience el proceso de retroceso, primero recuerda cuál
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289 es el padre del directorio de trabajo. Posteriormente hace un
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290 retroceso al conjunto de cambios objetivo y lo consigna como un
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291 conjunto de cambios. Finalmente, fusiona con el padre anterior del
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292 directorio de trabajo, y consigna el resultado de la fusión.
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293
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294 % TODO: to me it looks like mercurial doesn't commit the second merge automatically!
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295
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296 \begin{figure}[htb]
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297 \centering
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298 \grafix{undo-non-tip}
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299 \caption{Retroceso automatizado de un cambio a algo que no es la punta con la orden \hgcmd{backout}}
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300 \label{fig:undo:backout-non-tip}
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301 \end{figure}
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302
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303 El resultado es que usted termina ``donde estaba'', solamente con un
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304 poco de historia adicional que deshace el efecto de un conjunto de
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305 cambios que usted quería evitar.
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306
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307 \subsubsection{Use siempre la opción \hgopt{backout}{--merge}}
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308
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309 De hecho, dado que la opción \hgopt{backout}{--merge} siempre hara lo
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310 ``correcto'' esté o no retrocediendo el conjunto de cambios punta
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311 (p.e.~no tratará de fusionar si está retrocediendo la punta, dado que
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312 no es necesario), usted debería usar \emph{siempre} esta opción cuando
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313 ejecuta la orden \hgcmd{backout}.
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314
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315 \subsection{Más control sobre el proceso de retroceso}
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316
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317 A pesar de que recomiendo usar siempre la opción
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318 \hgopt{backout}{--merge} cuando está retrocediendo un cambio, la orden
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319 \hgcmd{backout} le permite decidir cómo mezclar un retroceso de un
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320 conjunto de cambios. Es muy extraño que usted necestite tomar control
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321 del proceso de retroceso de forma manual, pero puede ser útil entender
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322 lo que la orden \hgcmd{backout} está haciendo automáticamente para
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323 usted. Para ilustrarlo, clonemos nuestro primer repositorio, pero
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324 omitamos el retroceso que contiene.
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325
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326 \interaction{backout.manual.clone}
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327 Como en el ejemplo anterior, consignaremos un tercer cambio, después
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328 haremos retroceso de su padre, y veremos qué pasa.
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329 \interaction{backout.manual.backout}
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330 Nuestro nuevo conjunto de cambios es de nuevo un descendiente del
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331 conjunto de cambio que retrocedimos; es por lo tanto una nueva cabeza,
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332 \emph{no} un descendiente del conjunto de cambios que era la punta. La
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333 orden \hgcmd{backout} fue muy explícita diciéndolo.
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334 \interaction{backout.manual.log}
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335
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336 De nuevo, es más sencillo lo que pasó viendo una gráfica de la
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337 historia de revisiones, en la figura~\ref{fig:undo:backout-manual}.
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338 Esto nos aclara que cuando usamos \hgcmd{backout} para retroceder un
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339 cambio a algo que no sea la punta, Mercurial añade una nueva cabeza al
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340 repositorio (el cambio que consignó está encerrado en una caja).
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341
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342 \begin{figure}[htb]
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343 \centering
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344 \grafix{undo-manual}
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345 \caption{Retroceso usando la orden \hgcmd{backout}}
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346 \label{fig:undo:backout-manual}
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347 \end{figure}
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348
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349 Después de que la orden \hgcmd{backout} ha terminado, deja un nuevo
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350 conjunto de cambios de ``retroceso'' como el padre del directorio de trabajo.
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351 \interaction{backout.manual.parents}
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352 Ahora tenemos dos conjuntos de cambios aislados.
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353 \interaction{backout.manual.heads}
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354
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355 Reflexionemos acerca de lo que esperamos ver como contenidos de
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356 \filename{myfile}. El primer cambio debería estar presente, porque
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357 nunca le hicimos retroceso. El segundo cambio debió desaparecer,
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358 puesto que es el que retrocedimos. Dado que la gráfica de la historia
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359 muestra que el tercer camlio es una cabeza separada, \emph{no}
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360 esperamos ver el tercer cambio presente en \filename{myfile}.
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361 \interaction{backout.manual.cat}
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362 Para que el tercer cambio esté en el fichero, hacemos una fusión usual
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363 de las dos cabezas.
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364 \interaction{backout.manual.merge}
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365 Después de eso, la historia gráfica de nuestro repositorio luce como
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366 la figura~\ref{fig:undo:backout-manual-merge}.
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367
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368 \begin{figure}[htb]
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369 \centering
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370 \grafix{undo-manual-merge}
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371 \caption{Fusión manual de un retroceso}
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372 \label{fig:undo:backout-manual-merge}
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373 \end{figure}
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374
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375 \subsection{Por qué \hgcmd{backout} hace lo que hace}
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376
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377 Esta es una descripción corta de cómo trabaja la orden \hgcmd{backout}.
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378 \begin{enumerate}
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379 \item Se asegura de que el directorio de trabajo es ``limpio'', esto
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380 es, que la salida de \hgcmd{status} debería ser vacía.
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381 \item Recuerda el padre actual del directorio de trabajo. A este
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382 conjunto de cambio lo llamaremos \texttt{orig}
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383 \item Hace el equivalente de un \hgcmd{update} para sincronizar el
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384 directorio de trabajo con el conjunto de cambios que usted quiere
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385 retroceder. Lo llamaremos \texttt{backout}
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386 \item Encuentra el padre del conjunto de cambios. Lo llamaremos
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387 \texttt{parent}.
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388 \item Para cada fichero del conjunto de cambios que el
487
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389 \texttt{retroceso} afecte, hará el equivalente a
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390 \hgcmdargs{revert}{-r parent} sobre ese fichero, para restaurarlo a
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391 los contenidos que tenía antes de que el conjunto de cambios fuera
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392 consignado.
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393 \item Se consigna el resultado como un nuevo conjunto de cambios y
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394 tiene a \texttt{backout} como su padre.
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395 \item Si especifica \hgopt{backout}{--merge} en la línea de comandos,
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396 se fusiona con \texttt{orig}, y se consigna el resultado de la
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397 fusión.
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398 \end{enumerate}
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399
487
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
400 Una vía alternativa de implementar la orden \hgcmd{backout} sería usar
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
401 \hgcmd{export} sobre el conjunto de cambios a retroceder como un diff
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
402 y después usar laa opción \cmdopt{patch}{--reverse} de la orden
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
403 \command{patch} para reversar el efecto del cambio sin molestar el
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
404 directorio de trabajo. Suena mucho más simple, pero no funcionaría
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
405 bien ni de cerca.
442
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parents: 432
diff changeset
406
487
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
407 La razón por la cual \hgcmd{backout} hace una actualización, una
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
408 consignación, una fusión y otra consignación es para dar a la
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
409 maquinaria de fusión la mayor oportunidad de hacer un buen trabajo
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
410 cuando se trata con todos los cambios \emph{entre} el cambio que está
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
411 retrocediendo y la punta actual.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
412
487
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
413 Si está retrocediendo un conjunto de cambios que está a unas ~100
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
414 atrás en su historia del proyecto, las posibilidades de que una orden
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
415 \command{patch} sea capaz de ser aplicada a un diff reverso,
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
416 claramente no son altas, porque los cambios que intervienen podrían
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
417 ``no coincidir con el contexto'' que \command{patch} usa para
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
418 determinar si puede aplicar un parche (si esto suena como cháchara,
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
419 vea una discusión de la orden \command{patch} en \ref{sec:mq:patch}).
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
420 Adicionalmente, la maquinaria de fusión de Mercurial manejará ficheros
9fdb45b994d4 Finished backing out section
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 486
diff changeset
421 y directorios renombrados, cambios de permisos, y modificaciones a
499
f89ee6f63ea2 Archivo to Fichero and update Leame.1st
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 497
diff changeset
422 ficheros binarios, nada de lo cual la orden \command{patch} puede manejar.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
423
488
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
424 \section{Cambios que nunca debieron ocurrir}
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
425 \label{sec:undo:aaaiiieee}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
426
488
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
427 En la mayoría de los casos, la orden \hgcmd{backout} es exactamente lo
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
428 que necesita para deshacer los efectos de un cambio. Deja un registro
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
429 permanente y exacto de lo que usted hizo, cuando se consignó el
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
430 conjunto de cambios original y cuando se hizo la limpieza.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
431
488
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
432 En ocasiones particulares, puede haber consignado un cambio que no
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
433 debería estar de ninguna forma en el repositorio. Por ejemplo, sería
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
434 muy inusual, y considerado como una equivocación, consignar los
499
f89ee6f63ea2 Archivo to Fichero and update Leame.1st
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 497
diff changeset
435 ficheros objeto junto con el código fuente. los ficheros objeto no
488
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
436 tienen valor intrínseco y son \emph{grandes}, por lo tanto aumentan el
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
437 tamaño del repositorio y la cantidad de tiempo que se emplea al clonar
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
438 o jalar cambios.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
439
488
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
440 Antes de discutir las opciones que tiene si consignó cambio del tipo
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
441 ``bolsa de papel deschable'' (el tipo que es tan malo que le gustaría
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
442 colocarse una bolsa de papel desechable en su cabeza), permítame
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
443 discutir primero unas aproximaciones que probablemente no funcionen.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
444
488
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
445 Dado que Mercurial trata de forma acumulativa la historia---cada
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
446 cambio se coloca encima de todos los cambios que leo
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
447 preceden---usualmente usted no puede hacer que unos cambios desastros
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
448 desaparezcan. La única excepción es cuando usted ha acabado de
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
449 consignar un cambio y este no ha sido publicado o jalado en otro
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
450 repositorio. Ahí es cuando puede usar la orden \hgcmd{rollback} con
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
451 seguridad, Como detallé en la sección~\ref{sec:undo:rollback}.
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
452
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
453 Después de que usted haya publicado un cambio en otro repositorio, usted
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
454 \emph{podría} usar la orden \hgcmd{rollback} para hacer que en su copia
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
455 local desaparezca el cambio, pero no tendrá las consecuencias que
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
456 desea. El cambio estará presente en un repositorio remoto, y
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
457 reaparecerá en su repositorio local la próxima vez que jale
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
458
488
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
459 Si una situación como esta se presenta, y usted sabe en qué
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
460 repositorios su mal cambio se ha propagado, puede \emph{intentar}
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
461 deshacerse del conjunto de cambios de \emph{todos} los repositorios en
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
462 los que se pueda encontrar. Esta por supuesto, no es una solución
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
463 satisfactoria: si usted deja de hacerlo en un solo repositorio,
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
464 mientras esté eliminándolo, el cambio todavía estará ``allí afuera'',
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
465 y podría propagarse más tarde.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
466
488
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
467 Si ha consignado uno o más cambios \emph{después} del cambio que desea
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
468 desaparecer, sus opciones son aún más reducidas. Mercurial no provee
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
469 una forma de ``cabar un hueco'' en la historia, dejando los conjuntos
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
470 de cambios intactos.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
471
488
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
472 %Dejamos de traducir lo que viene a continuación, porque será
b7d4d66c3ae5 Aiiiiiee section translated
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 487
diff changeset
473 %modificado por upstream...
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
474
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
475 XXX This needs filling out. The \texttt{hg-replay} script in the
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
476 \texttt{examples} directory works, but doesn't handle merge
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
477 changesets. Kind of an important omission.
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
478
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
479 \subsection{Cómo protegerse de cambios que han ``escapado''}
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
480
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
481 Si ha consignado cambios a su repositorio local y estos han sido
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
482 publicados o jalados en cualquier otro sitio, no es necesariamente un
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
483 desastre. Puede protegerse de antemano de ciertas clases de conjuntos
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
484 de cambios malos. Esto es particularmente sencillo si su equipo de
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
485 trabajo jala cambios de un repositorio central.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
486
557
626c16b87174 corrected a typo
Javier Rojas <jerojasro@devnull.li>
parents: 500
diff changeset
487 Al configurar algunos ganchos en el repositorio central para validar
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
488 conjuntos de cambios(ver capítulo~\ref{chap:hook}), puede prevenir la
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
489 publicación automáticamente de cierta clase de cambios malos. Con tal
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
490 configuración, cierta clase de conjuntos de cambios malos tenderán
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
491 naturalmente a``morir'' debido a que no pueden propagarse al
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
492 repositorio central. Esto sucederá sin necesidad de intervención
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
493 explícita.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
494
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
495 Por ejemplo, un gancho de cambios de entrada que verifique que un
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
496 conjunto de cambios compila, puede prevenir que la gente ``rompa
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
497 la compilación'' inadvertidamente.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
498
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
499 \section{Al encuentro de la fuente de un fallo}
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
500 \label{sec:undo:bisect}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
501
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
502 Aunque es muy bueno poder retroceder el conjunto de cambios que
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
503 originó un fallo, se requiere que usted sepa cual conjunto de cambios
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
504 retroceder. Mercurial brinda una orden invaluable, llamada
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
505 \hgcmd{bisect}, que ayuda a automatizar este proceso y a alcanzarlo
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
506 muy eficientemente.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
507
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
508 La idea tras la orden \hgcmd{bisect} es que el conjunto de cambios que
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
509 ha introducido un cambio de comportamiento pueda identificarse con una
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
510 prueba binaria sencilla. No tiene que saber qué pieza de código
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
511 introdujo el cambio, pero si requiere que sepa cómo probar la
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
512 existencia de un fallo. La orden \hgcmd{bisect} usa su prueba para
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
513 dirigir su búsqueda del conjunto de cambios que introdujo el código
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
514 causante del fallo.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
515
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
516 A continuación un conjunto de escenarios que puede ayudarle a entender
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
517 cómo puede aplicar esta orden.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
518 \begin{itemize}
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
519 \item La versión más reciente de su programa tiene un fallo que usted
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
520 recuerda no estaba hace unas semanas, pero no sabe cuándo fue
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
521 introducido. En este caso, su prueba binaria busca la presencia de
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
522 tal fallo.
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
523 \item Usted arregló un fallo en un apurto, y es hora de dar por
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
524 cerrado el caso en la base de datos de fallos de su equipo de
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
525 trabajo. La base de datos de fallos requiere el ID del conjunto de
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
526 cambios que permita dar por cerrado el caso, pero usted no recuerda
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
527 qué conjunto de cambios arregló tal fallo. De nuevo la prueba
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
528 binaria revisa la presencia del fallo.
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
529 \item Su programa funciona correctamente, pero core ~15\% más lento
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
530 que la última vez que lo midió. Usted desea saber qué conjunto de
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
531 cambios introdujo esta disminución de desempeño. En este caso su
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
532 prueba binaria mide el desempeño de su programa, para ver dónde es
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
533 ``rápido'' y dónde es ``lento''.
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
534 \item Los tamaños de los componentes del proyecto que usted lleva se
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
535 expandieron recientemente, y sospecha que algo cambio en la forma en
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
536 que se construye su proyecto.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
537 \end{itemize}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
538
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
539 Para estos ejemplos debería ser claro que la orden \hgcmd{bisect}
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
540 es útil no solamente para encontrar la fuente de los fallos. Puede
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
541 usarla para encontrar cualquier ``propiedad emergente'' de un
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
542 repositorio(Cualquier cosa que usted no pueda encontrar con una
499
f89ee6f63ea2 Archivo to Fichero and update Leame.1st
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 497
diff changeset
543 búsqueda de texto sencilla sobre los ficheros en el árbol) para la
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
544 cual pueda escribir una prueba binaria.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
545
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
546 A continuación introduciremos algo terminología, para aclarar qué
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
547 partes del proceso de búsqueda son su responsabilidad y cuáles de
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
548 Mercurial. Una \emph{prueba} es algo que \emph{usted} ejecuta cuando
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
549 \hgcmd{bisect} elige un conjunto de cambios. Un \emph{sondeo} es lo que
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
550 \hgcmd{bisect} ejecuta para decidir si una revisión es buena. Finalmente,
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
551 usaremos la palabra ``biseccionar', en frases como ``buscar con la
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
552 orden \hgcmd{bisect}''.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
553
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
554 Una forma sencilla de automatizar el proceso de búsqueda sería probar
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
555 cada conjunto de cambios. Lo cual escala muy poco. Si le tomó diez
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
556 minutos hacer pruebas sobre un conjunto de cambios y tiene 10.000
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
557 conjuntos de cambios en su repositorio, esta aproximación exhaustiva
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
558 tomaría en promedio~35 \emph{días} para encontrar el conjunto de
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
559 cambios que introdujo el fallo. Incluso si supiera que el fallo se
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
560 introdujo en un de los últimos 500 conjuntos de cambios y limitara la
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
561 búsqueda a ellos, estaría tomabdi más de 40 horas para encontrar al
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
562 conjunto de cambios culpable.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
563
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
564 La orden \hgcmd{bisect} usa su conocimiento de la ``forma'' de la
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
565 historia de revisiones de su proyecto para hacer una búsqueda
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
566 proporcional al \emph{logaritmo} del número de conjunto de cambios a
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
567 revisar( el tipo de búsqueda que realiza se llama búsqueda
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
568 binaria). Con esta aproximación, el buscar entre 10.000 conjuntos de
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
569 cambios tomará menos de 3 horas, incluso a diez minutos por prueba(La
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
570 búsqueda requerirá cerca de 14 pruebas). Al limitar la búsqueda a la
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
571 última centena de conjuntos de cambios, tomará a lo sumo una
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
572 hora(Apenas unas 7 pruebas).
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
573
496
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
574 La orden \hgcmd{bisect} tiene en cuenta la naturaleza ``ramificada''
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
575 de la historia de revisiones del proyecto con Mercurial, así que no
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
576 hay problemas al tratar con ramas, fusiones o cabezas múltiples en un
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
577 repositorio. Puede evitar ramas enteras de historia con un solo
b8d9066abcea Translated initial paragraphs regarding bisect command
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 488
diff changeset
578 sondeo.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
579
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
580 \subsection{Uso de la orden \hgcmd{bisect}}
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
581
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
582 A continuación un ejemplo de \hgcmd{bisect} en acción.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
583
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
584 \begin{note}
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
585 En las versiones 0.9.5 y anteriores de Mercurial, \hgcmd{bisect} no
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
586 era una orden incluída en la distribución principal: se ofrecía como
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
587 una extensión de Mercurial. Esta sección describe la orden embebida
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
588 y no la extensión anterior.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
589 \end{note}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
590
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
591 Creamos un repostorio para probar el comando \hgcmd{bisect} de forma
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
592 aislada
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
593 \interaction{bisect.init}
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
594 Simularemos de forma sencilla un proyecto con un fallo: haremos
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
595 cambios triviales en un ciclo, e indicaremos que un cambio específico
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
596 sea el ``fallo''. Este ciclo crea 35 conjuntos de cambios, cada uno
499
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 497
diff changeset
597 añade un único fichero al repositorio. Representaremos nuestro ``fallo''
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
598 con un fichero que contiene el texto ``tengo un gub''.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
599 \interaction{bisect.commits}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
600
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
601 A continuación observaremos cómo usar la orden \hgcmd{bisect}. Podemos
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
602 usar el mecanismo de ayuda embebida que trae Mercurial.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
603 \interaction{bisect.help}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
604
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
605 La orden \hgcmd{bisect} trabaja en etapas, de la siguiente forma:
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
606 \begin{enumerate}
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
607 \item Usted ejecuta una prueba binaria.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
608 \begin{itemize}
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
609 \item Si la prueba es exitosa, usted se lo indicará a \hgcmd{bisect}
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
610 ejecutando la orden \hgcmdargs{bisect}{good}.
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
611 \item Si falla, ejecutará la orden \hgcmdargs{bisect}{--bad}.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
612 \end{itemize}
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
613 \item La orden usa su información para decidir qué conjuntos de
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
614 cambios deben probarse a continuación.
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
615 \item Actualiza el directorio de trabajo a tal conjunto de cambios y
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
616 el proceso se lleva a cabo de nuevo.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
617 \end{enumerate}
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
618 El proceso termina cuando \hgcmd{bisect} identifica un único conjunto
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
619 de cambios que marca el punto donde se encontró la transición de
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
620 ``exitoso'' a ``fallido''.
442
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parents: 432
diff changeset
621
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
622 Para comenzar la búsqueda, es indispensable ejecutar la orden
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
623 \hgcmdargs{bisect}{--reset}.
442
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parents: 432
diff changeset
624 \interaction{bisect.search.init}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
625
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
626 En nuestro caso, la prueba binaria es sencilla: revisamos si el
499
f89ee6f63ea2 Archivo to Fichero and update Leame.1st
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 497
diff changeset
627 fichero en el repositorio contiene la cadena ``tengo un gub''. Si la
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
628 tiene, este conjunto de cambios contiene aquel que ``causó el fallo''.
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
629 Por convención, un conjunto de cambios que tiene la propiedad que
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
630 estamos buscando es ``malo'', mientras que el otro que no la tiene es
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
631 ``bueno''.
442
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parents: 432
diff changeset
632
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
633 En la mayoría de casos, la revisión del directorio actual (usualmente
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
634 la punta) exhibe el problema introducido por el cambio con el fallo,
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parents: 496
diff changeset
635 por lo tanto la marcaremos como ``mala''.
442
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parents: 432
diff changeset
636 \interaction{bisect.search.bad-init}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
637
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
638 Nuestra próxima tarea es nominar al conjunto de cambios que sabemos
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
639 \emph{no} tiene el fallo; la orden \hgcmd{bisect} ``acotará'' su
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
640 búsqueda entre el primer par de conjuntos de cambios buenos y malos.
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
641 En nuestro caso, sabemos que la revisión~10 no tenía el fallo. (Más
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
642 adelante diré un poco más acerca de la elección del conjunto de
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
643 cambios ``bueno''.)
442
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parents: 432
diff changeset
644 \interaction{bisect.search.good-init}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
645
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
646 Note que esta orden mostró algo.
442
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parents: 432
diff changeset
647 \begin{itemize}
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
648 \item Nos dijo cuántos conjuntos de cambios debe considerar antes de
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
649 que pueda identifica aquel que introdujo el fallo, y cuántas pruebas
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
650 se requerirán.
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
651 \item Actualizó el directorio de trabajo al siguiente conjunto de
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parents: 496
diff changeset
652 cambios, y nos dijo qué conjunto de cambios está evaluando.
442
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parents: 432
diff changeset
653 \end{itemize}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
654
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
655 Ahora ejecutamos nuestra prueba en el directorio de trabajo. Usamos la
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
656 orden \command{grep} para ver si nuestro fichero ``malo'' está
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
657 presente en el directorio de trabajo. Si lo está, esta revisión es
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
658 mala; si no esta revisión es buena.
442
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parents: 432
diff changeset
659 \interaction{bisect.search.step1}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
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parents: 432
diff changeset
660
497
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Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
661 Esta prueba luce como candidata perfecta para automatizarse, por lo
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parents: 496
diff changeset
662 tanto la convertimos en una función de interfaz de comandos.
442
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parents: 432
diff changeset
663 \interaction{bisect.search.mytest}
497
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
664 Ahora podemos ejecutar un paso entero de pruebas con un solo comando,
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
665 \texttt{mytest}.
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
666 \interaction{bisect.search.step2}
497
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
667 Unas invocaciones más de nuestra prueba, y hemos terminado.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
668 \interaction{bisect.search.rest}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
669
497
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
670 Aunque teníamos unos~40 conjuntos de cambios en los cuales buscar, la
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
671 orden \hgcmd{bisect} nos permitió encontrar el conjunto de cambios que
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
672 introdujo el ``fallo'' con sólo cinco pruebas. Porque el número de
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
673 pruebas que la orden \hgcmd{bisect} ejecuta crece logarítmicamente con
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
674 la cantidad de conjuntos de cambios a buscar, la ventaja que esto
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
675 tiene frente a la búsqueda por``fuerza bruta'' crece con cada
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
676 conjunto de cambios que usted adicione.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
677
497
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
678 \subsection{Limpieza después de la búsqueda}
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
679
497
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
680 Cuando haya terminado de usar la orden \hgcmd{bisect} en un
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
681 repositorio, puede usar la orden \hgcmdargs{bisect}{reset} para
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
682 deshacerse de la información que se estaba usando para lograr la
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
683 búsqueda. Lar orden no usa mucho espacio, así que no hay problema si
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
684 olvida ejecutar la orden. En todo caso, \hgcmd{bisect} no le
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
685 permitirá comenzar una nueva búsqueda sobre el repositorio hasta que
c368e324eeb2 Finished translating bisect
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 496
diff changeset
686 no aplique \hgcmdargs{bisect}{reset}.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
687 \interaction{bisect.search.reset}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
688
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
689 \section{Consejos para encontrar fallos efectivamente}
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
690
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
691 \subsection{Dar una entrada consistente}
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
692
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
693 La orden \hgcmd{bisect} requiere que usted ofrezca un reporte correcto
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
694 del resultado de cada prueba que aplique. Si usted le dice que una
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
695 prueba falla cuando en realidad era acertada, \emph{podría} detectar
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
696 la inconsistencia. Si puede identificar una inconsistencia en sus
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
697 reportes, le dirá que un conjunto de cambios particular es a la vez
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
698 bueno y malo. Aunque puede no hacerlo; estaría tratando de reportar
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
699 un conjunto de cambios como el responsable de un fallo aunque no lo
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
700 sea.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
701
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
702 \subsection{Automatizar tanto como se pueda}
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
703
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
704 Cuando comencé a usar la orden \hgcmd{bisect}, intenté ejecutar
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
705 algunas veces las pruebas a mano desde la línea de comandos. Es una
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
706 aproximación a la cual no esta acostumbrado. Después de algunos
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
707 intentos, me di cuenta que estaba cometiendo tantas equivocaciones que
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
708 tenía que comenzar de nuevo con mis búsquedas varias veces antes de
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
709 llegar a los resultados deseados.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
710
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
711 Mi problema inicial al dirigir a la orden \hgcmd{bisect} manualmente
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
712 ocurrieron incluso con búsquedas en repositorios pequeños; si el
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
713 problema que está buscando es más sutil, o el número de pruebas que
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
714 \hgcmd{bisect} debe aplicar, la posibilidad de errar es mucho más
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
715 alta. Una vez que comencé a automatizar mis pruebas, obtuve mejores
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
716 resultados.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
717
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
718 La clave para las pruebas automatizadas se puede resumir en:
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
719 \begin{itemize}
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
720 \item pruebe siempre buscando el mismo síntoma y
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
721 \item ofrezca siempre datos consistentes a la orden \hgcmd{bisect}.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
722 \end{itemize}
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
723 En mi tutorial de ejemplo anterior, la orden \command{grep} busca el
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
724 síntoma, y la construcción \texttt{if} toma el resultado de esta
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
725 prueba y verifica que siempre alimentamos con los mismos datos a la
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
726 orden \hgcmd{bisect}. La función \texttt{mytest} los une de una forma
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
727 reproducible, logrando que cada prueba sea uniforme y consistente.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
728
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
729 \subsection{Verificar los resultados}
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
730
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
731 Dado que la salida de la búsqueda de \hgcmd{bisect} es tan buena como
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
732 los datos ofrecidos por usted, no confíe en esto como si fuera la
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
733 verdad absoluta. Una forma sencilla de asegurarse es ejecutar
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
734 manualmente su prueba a cada uno de los siguientes conjuntos de
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
735 cambios:
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
736 \begin{itemize}
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
737 \item El conjunto de cambios que se reportó como la primera versión
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
738 erronea. Su prueba debería dar un reporte de fallo.
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
739 \item El conjunto de cambios padre (cada padre, si es una fusión).
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
740 Su prueba debería reportar este(os) conjunto(s) de cambios como
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
741 bueno(s).
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
742 \item Un hijo del conjunto de cambios. Su prueba debería reportar al
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
743 conjunto de cambios hijo como malo.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
744 \end{itemize}
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
745
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
746 \subsection{Tener en cuenta la interferencia entre fallos}
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
747
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
748 Es posible que su búsqueda de un fallo pueda viciarse por la presencia
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
749 de otro. Por ejemplo, digamos que su programa se revienta en la
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
750 revisión 100, y que funcionó correctamente en la revisión 50. Sin su
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
751 conocimiento, alguien introdujo un fallo con consecuencias grandes en
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
752 la revisión 60, y lo arregló en la revisión 80. Sus resultados
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
753 estarían distorcionados de una o muchas formas.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
754
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
755 Es posible que este fallo ``enmascare'' completamente al suyo, y que
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
756 podría haberse revelado antes de que su propio fallo haya tenido
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
757 oportunidad de manifestarse. Si no puede saltar el otro fallo(por
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
758 ejemplo, este evita que su proyecto se arme o compile), y de esta
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
759 forma no se pueda revisar si su fallo esté presente en un conjunto
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
760 particular de cambios, la orden \hgcmd{bisect} no podrá ayudarle
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
761 directamente. En cambio, puede marcar este conjunto de cambios como
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
762 al ejecutar \hgcmdargs{bisect}{--skip}.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
763
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
764 Un problema distinto podría surgir si su prueba de la presencia de un
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
765 fallo no es suficientemente específica. Si usted busca ``mi programa
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
766 se revienta'', entonces tanto su fallo como el otro fallo sin relación
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
767 que terminan presentando síntomas distintos, podría terminar
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
768 confundiendo a \hgcmd{bisect}.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
769
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
770 Otra situación en la cual sería de mucha utilidad emplear a
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
771 \hgcmdargs{bisect}{--skip} surge cuando usted no puede probar una
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
772 revisión porque su proyecto estaba en una situación de rompimiento y
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
773 por lo tanto en un estado en el cual era imposible hacer la prueba en
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
774 esa revisión, tal vez porque alguien consignó un cambio que hacía
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
775 imposible la construcción del proyecto.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
776
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
777 \subsection{Acotar la búsqueda perezosamente}
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
778
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
779 Elegir los primeros ``buenos'' y ``malos'' conjuntos de cambios que
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
780 marcarán los límites de su búsqueda en general es sencillo, pero vale
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
781 la pena discutirlo. Desde la perspectiva de \hgcmd{bisect}, el
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
782 conjunto de cambios ``más nuevo'' por convención es el ``malo'', y el
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
783 otro conjunto de cambios es el ``bueno''.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
784
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
785 Si no recuerda cuál podría ser el cambio ``bueno'', para informar a
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
786 \hgcmd{bisect}, podría hacer pruebas aleatorias en el peor de los
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
787 casos. Pero recuerde eliminar aquellos conjuntos de cambios que
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
788 podrían no exhibir el fallo(tal vez porque la característica donde se
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
789 presenta el fallo todavía no está presente) y aquellos en los cuales
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
790 otro fallo puede enmascararlo(como se discutió anteriormente).
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
791
500
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
792 Incluso si termina ``muy atrás'' por miles de conjuntos de cambios o
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
793 meses de historia, solamente estaŕa adicionando unas pruebas contadas
3e78daaad99b Finished undo chapter
Igor TAmara <igor@tamarapatino.org>
parents: 499
diff changeset
794 para \hgcmd{bisect}, gracias al comportamiento logarítmico.
442
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
795
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
796 %%% Local Variables:
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
797 %%% mode: latex
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
798 %%% TeX-master: "00book"
2fb78d342e07 changed es/Leame.1st
jerojasro@localhost
parents: 432
diff changeset
799 %%% End: