Mercurial > hgbook
annotate ja/mq.tex @ 329:d520107e32e7
more mq.tex
author | Yoshiki Yazawa <yaz@cc.rim.or.jp> |
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date | Sun, 30 Mar 2008 03:34:33 +0900 |
parents | 8bdd9bc948d4 |
children | cadfd8bf5f15 |
rev | line source |
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1 %\chapter{Managing change with Mercurial Queues} |
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2 \chapter{Mercurial Queues$B$GJQ99$r4IM}$9$k(B} |
1
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3 \label{chap:mq} |
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4 |
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5 %\section{The patch management problem} |
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6 \section{$B%Q%C%A4IM}$NLdBj(B} |
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7 \label{sec:mq:patch-mgmt} |
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8 |
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9 %Here is a common scenario: you need to install a software package from |
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10 %source, but you find a bug that you must fix in the source before you |
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11 %can start using the package. You make your changes, forget about the |
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12 %package for a while, and a few months later you need to upgrade to a |
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13 %newer version of the package. If the newer version of the package |
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14 %still has the bug, you must extract your fix from the older source |
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15 %tree and apply it against the newer version. This is a tedious task, |
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16 %and it's easy to make mistakes. |
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17 |
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18 $B$h$/$"$k%7%J%j%*!'%=!<%9$+$i%=%U%H%&%'%"%Q%C%1!<%8$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$kI,MW(B |
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19 $B$,$"$k!%$7$+$7%Q%C%1!<%8$r;H$&A0$K%=!<%9$+$iD>$9$Y$-%P%0$r8+$D$1$?!%JQ99(B |
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20 $B$r2C$($F!$;C$/%Q%C%1!<%8$N$3$H$OK:$l$F$$$k!%?t%v7n8e!$?7$7$$%P!<%8%g%s$r(B |
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21 $B%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k$3$H$K$J$C$?!%$b$7?7$7$$%P!<%8%g%s$,!$0MA3$H$7$F$=$N%P%0(B |
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22 $B$r;}$C$F$$$?>l9g!$=$@5$r8E$$%=!<%9$+$iCj=P$7$F!$?7$7$$%P!<%8%g%s$KE,MQ$7(B |
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23 $B$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!%$3$l$OB`6~$G$7$+$b4V0c$$$d$9$$;E;v$@!%(B |
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24 |
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25 %This is a simple case of the ``patch management'' problem. You have |
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26 %an ``upstream'' source tree that you can't change; you need to make |
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27 %some local changes on top of the upstream tree; and you'd like to be |
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28 %able to keep those changes separate, so that you can apply them to |
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29 %newer versions of the upstream source. |
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30 |
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31 $B$3$l$,%Q%C%A4IM}LdBj$N%7%s%W%k$JNc$G$"$k!%$b$7$"$J$?$,JQ99$G$-$J$$>eN.$N(B |
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32 $B%=!<%9%D%j!<$,$"$l$P!$%"%C%W%9%H%j!<%`$N%D%j!<$N>e$G%m!<%+%k$JJQ99$r$7$J(B |
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33 $B$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!%$"$J$?$O%"%C%W%9%H%j!<%`%=!<%9$KE,MQ$G$-$k$h$&$K$-$C$H$3(B |
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34 $B$NJQ99$rJ,N%$7$F$*$-$?$$$H;W$&$O$:$@!%(B |
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35 |
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36 %The patch management problem arises in many situations. Probably the |
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37 %most visible is that a user of an open source software project will |
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38 %contribute a bug fix or new feature to the project's maintainers in the |
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39 %form of a patch. |
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40 |
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41 $B%Q%C%A4IM}LdBj$O$$$m$$$m$J>u67$G5/$3$k!%$*$=$i$/:G$bL@$i$+$J$N$O!$%*!<%W(B |
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42 $B%s%=!<%9%=%U%H%&%'%"%W%m%8%'%/%H$N%f!<%6$,!$%W%m%8%'%/%H$N%a%s%F%J$K%P%0(B |
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43 $B%U%#%C%/%9$d?75!G=$r%Q%C%A$N7A$G9W8%$9$k$3$H$G$"$m$&!%(B |
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44 |
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45 %Distributors of operating systems that include open source software |
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46 %often need to make changes to the packages they distribute so that |
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47 %they will build properly in their environments. |
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48 |
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49 $B%*!<%W%s%=%U%H%&%'%"$r4^$`%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$NG[I[<T$O!$G[I[$9$k%Q%C(B |
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50 $B%1!<%8$,H`$i$N4D6-$G@5$7$/%S%k%I$G$-$k$h$&$K%Q%C%1!<%8$XJQ99$r2C$($k$3$H(B |
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51 $B$,B?$$!%(B |
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52 |
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53 When you have few changes to maintain, it is easy to manage a single |
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54 patch using the standard \command{diff} and \command{patch} programs |
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55 (see section~\ref{sec:mq:patch} for a discussion of these tools). |
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56 Once the number of changes grows, it starts to make sense to maintain |
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57 patches as discrete ``chunks of work,'' so that for example a single |
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58 patch will contain only one bug fix (the patch might modify several |
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59 files, but it's doing ``only one thing''), |
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60 |
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61 and you may have a number |
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62 of such patches for different bugs you need fixed and local changes |
328 | 63 you require. |
64 | |
65 | |
66 | |
67 In this situation, if you submit a bug fix patch to the | |
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68 upstream maintainers of a package and they include your fix in a |
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69 subsequent release, you can simply drop that single patch when you're |
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70 updating to the newer release. |
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71 |
328 | 72 $B$b$7%a%s%F%J%s%9$7$F$$$kJQ99$,$4$/$o$:$+$J$i!$I8=`$N(B\command{diff}$B%3%^%s(B |
73 $B%I$H(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$FC10l$N%Q%C%A$r4IM}$9$k$N$,4JC1$@!%!J$3(B | |
74 $B$l$i$N%D!<%k$K$D$$$F$O(B~\ref{sec:mq:patch}$B$N@a$r;2>H!%!K(B | |
75 | |
76 $BJQ99$N?t$,A}$($F$/$k$H!$C10l$N%P%0%U%#%C%/%9$@$1$r4^$`8DJL$N%Q%C%A$r=89g(B | |
77 $B$H$7$F4IM}$9$k$3$H$,8=<BL#$rBS$S$F$/$k!%!J3F!9$N%Q%C%A$OJ#?t$N%U%!%$%k$r(B | |
78 $BJQ99$9$k$+$b$7$l$J$$$,!$L\E*$O(B1$B$D$-$j$G$"$k!%!K(B | |
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79 |
328 | 80 $B=$@5$7$?$$0[$J$k%P%0$HI,MW$J%m!<%+%k$JJQ99$N$?$a$N!$?tB?$/$N$=$N$h$&$J%Q%C(B |
81 $B%A$r;}$D$3$H$K$J$k$+$b$7$l$J$$!%(B | |
82 | |
83 $B$3$N>u67$G$O%"%C%W%9%H%j!<%`$N%a%s%F%J$K%P%0=$@5%Q%C%A$rAw$j!$H`$i$,$"$J(B | |
84 $B$?$N=$@5$r(B | |
85 | |
86 | |
87 | |
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88 |
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89 |
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90 |
329 | 91 %Maintaining a single patch against an upstream tree is a little |
92 %tedious and error-prone, but not difficult. However, the complexity | |
93 %of the problem grows rapidly as the number of patches you have to | |
94 %maintain increases.With more than a tiny number of patches in hand, | |
95 %understanding which ones you have applied and maintaining them moves | |
96 %from messy to overwhelming. | |
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97 |
329 | 98 $BC10l$N%Q%C%A$r%"%C%W%9%H%j!<%`$N%D%j!<$KBP$7$F%a%s%F%J%s%9$9$k$3$H$O$d$d(B |
99 $BLLE]$G!$4V0c$$$N85$K$J$j$,$A$G$"$k$,!$Fq$7$/$O$J$$!%$7$+$7!$%a%s%F%J%s%9(B | |
100 $B$9$k%Q%C%A$N?t$,A}$($k$K=>$C$FLdBj$NJ#;($5$,5^B.$KA}$7$F$$$/!%%Q%C%A$N?t(B | |
101 $B$,$"$kDxEY0J>eB?$/$J$k$H!$$I$N%Q%C%A$rE,MQ$7$?$+!$$I$N%Q%C%A$r4IM}$7$F$$(B | |
102 $B$k$N$+$NM}2r$,!$Lq2p$H$$$&>uBV$+$i05E]$5$l$k$F$$$k>uBV$K$J$k!%(B | |
103 | |
104 %Fortunately, Mercurial includes a powerful extension, Mercurial Queues | |
105 %(or simply ``MQ''), that massively simplifies the patch management | |
106 %problem. | |
107 | |
108 $B9,$$$K$b!$(BMercurial$B$O(BMercurial Queues$B!J$"$k$$$OC1$K(BMQ$B!K$H$$$&6/NO$J%(%/%9(B | |
109 $B%F%s%7%g%s$r$b$C$F$*$j!$%Q%C%A4IM}$NLdBj$rBgI}$KC1=c2=$9$k!%(B | |
110 | |
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111 |
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112 %\section{The prehistory of Mercurial Queues} |
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113 \section{Mercurial Queues$BA0;K(B} |
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114 \label{sec:mq:history} |
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115 |
323 | 116 %During the late 1990s, several Linux kernel developers started to |
117 %maintain ``patch series'' that modified the behaviour of the Linux | |
118 %kernel. Some of these series were focused on stability, some on | |
119 %feature coverage, and others were more speculative. | |
120 | |
121 1990$BG/Be$N=*$o$j:"!$(BLinux$B%+!<%M%k$N3+H/<TC#$O!$(BLinux$B%+!<%M%k$r2~A1$9$k0l(B | |
122 $BO"$N%Q%C%A$N4IM}$r;O$a$?!%$=$l$i$N$&$A!$$"$k$b$N$O0BDj@-$K!$JL$N$b$N$OFC(B | |
123 $BDj$N5!G=$K!$$^$?JL$N$b$N$OLn?4E*$JFbMF$KFC2=$7$F$$$?!%(B | |
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323 | 125 %The sizes of these patch series grew rapidly. In 2002, Andrew Morton |
126 %published some shell scripts he had been using to automate the task of | |
127 %managing his patch queues. Andrew was successfully using these | |
128 %scripts to manage hundreds (sometimes thousands) of patches on top of | |
129 %the Linux kernel. | |
130 | |
131 $B$3$l$i$N%Q%C%A%7%j!<%:$N%5%$%:$O$O$9$0$KKD$l>e$,$C$?!%(B2002$BG/$K(BAndrew | |
132 Morton$B$OH`$N%Q%C%A%-%e!<$N4IM}$r<+F02=$9$k$$$/$D$+$N%7%'%k%9%/%j%W%H$r8x(B | |
133 $BI=$7$?!%(BAndrew$B$O?tI4$+$i?t@i$N(BLinux$B%+!<%M%k%Q%C%A$r$3$l$i$N%9%/%j%W%H$G(B | |
134 $B4IM}$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$F$$$?!%(B | |
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135 |
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136 %\subsection{A patchwork quilt} |
323 | 137 \subsection{patchwork quilt} |
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138 \label{sec:mq:quilt} |
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139 |
323 | 140 %In early 2003, Andreas Gruenbacher and Martin Quinson borrowed the |
141 %approach of Andrew's scripts and published a tool called ``patchwork | |
142 %quilt''~\cite{web:quilt}, or simply ``quilt'' | |
143 %(see~\cite{gruenbacher:2005} for a paper describing it). Because | |
144 %quilt substantially automated patch management, it rapidly gained a | |
145 %large following among open source software developers. | |
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146 |
323 | 147 2003$BG/$N;O$a!$(BAndreas Gruenbacher$B$H(BMartin Quinson$B$O(BAndrew$B$N%9%/%j%W%H$N$d(B |
148 $B$jJ}$r??;w$F!$(B``patchwork quilt''~\cite{web:quilt}$B$"$k$$$OC1$K(B``quilt''$B$H(B | |
149 $B8F$P$l$k%D!<%k$r%j%j!<%9$7$?!%!J>\$7$/$OO@J8(B~\cite{gruenbacher:2005}$B$r;2(B | |
150 $B>H$N$3$H!%!K(Bquilt$B$O==J,$K<+F02=$5$l$?%Q%C%A4IM}$rDs6!$7$F$$$?$N$G!$%=%U%H(B | |
151 $B%&%'%"3+H/<T$NBg$-$J;Y;}$r5^B.$K3MF@$7$F$$$C$?!%(B | |
152 | |
153 %Quilt manages a \emph{stack of patches} on top of a directory tree. | |
154 %To begin, you tell quilt to manage a directory tree, and tell it which | |
155 %files you want to manage; it stores away the names and contents of | |
156 %those files. To fix a bug, you create a new patch (using a single | |
157 %command), edit the files you need to fix, then ``refresh'' the patch. | |
158 | |
159 quilt$B$O%G%#%l%/%H%j%D%j!<>e$G(B\emph{$B%Q%C%A$N%9%?%C%/(B}$B$r4IM}$9$k!%%Q%C%A$N(B | |
160 $B4IM}$r;O$a$k$K$O!$(Bquilt$B$K4IM}$9$Y$-%G%#%l%/%H%j%D%j!<$H!$4IM}BP>]$N%U%!%$(B | |
161 $B%k$r;XDj$9$k!%(Bquilt$B$O$3$l$i$N%U%!%$%k$NL>A0$HCf?H$rJ]B8$9$k!%%P%0$r=$@5(B | |
162 $B$9$k>l9g$O!$$^$:?7$7$$%Q%C%A$r!J%3%^%s%I(B1$B$D$G!K:n@.$7!$I,MW$J%U%!%$%k$K(B | |
163 $B=$@5$r2C$($?8e!$%Q%C%A$r(B``$B%j%U%l%C%7%e(B''$B$9$l$P$h$$!%(B | |
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164 |
323 | 165 %The refresh step causes quilt to scan the directory tree; it updates |
166 %the patch with all of the changes you have made. You can create | |
167 %another patch on top of the first, which will track the changes | |
168 %required to modify the tree from ``tree with one patch applied'' to | |
169 %``tree with two patches applied''. | |
170 | |
171 $B%j%U%l%C%7%e$G$O!$(Bquilt$B$O%G%#%l%/%H%j%D%j!<$r%9%-%c%s$7!$JQ99A4$F$rH?1G$5(B | |
172 $B$;$F%Q%C%A$r99?7$9$k!%(B``$B$"$k%Q%C%A$,E,MQ$5$l$?>uBV$N%D%j!<(B''$B$+$i(B``2$B$D$N%Q%C(B | |
173 $B%A$,E,MQ$5$l$?%D%j!<(B''$B$X99?7$9$k$N$KI,MW$JJQ99$rDI@W$7!$JL$N%Q%C%A$r:n$k(B | |
174 $B$3$H$b$G$-$k!%(B | |
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175 |
323 | 176 %You can \emph{change} which patches are applied to the tree. If you |
177 %``pop'' a patch, the changes made by that patch will vanish from the | |
178 %directory tree. Quilt remembers which patches you have popped, | |
179 %though, so you can ``push'' a popped patch again, and the directory | |
180 %tree will be restored to contain the modifications in the patch.Most | |
181 %importantly, you can run the ``refresh'' command at any time, and the | |
182 %topmost applied patch will be updated. This means that you can, at | |
183 %any time, change both which patches are applied and what | |
184 %modifications those patches make. | |
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185 |
323 | 186 $B%f!<%6$O$I$N%Q%C%A$,%D%j!<$KE,MQ$5$l$k$+$r(B\emph{$BJQ99(B}$B$G$-$k!%$"$k%Q%C%A$r(B |
187 $B%]%C%W$9$k$H!$$3$N%Q%C%A$K$h$kJQ99$O%D%j!<$+$i>CLG$9$k!%(Bquilt$B$O$I$N%Q%C%A(B | |
188 $B$r%]%C%W$7$?$+5-21$7$F$*$j!$0lEY%]%C%W$7$?%U%!%$%k$r:F$S%W%C%7%e$7!$%G%#(B | |
189 $B%l%/%H%j%D%j!<$r%Q%C%A$K$h$kJQ99$,$J$5$l$?>uBV$KLa$9$3$H$,$G$-$k!%:G$b=E(B | |
190 $BMW$J$3$H$O!$$$$D$G$b(B``refresh''$B%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$7$F0lHV?7$7$/E,MQ$5$l$?%Q%C(B | |
191 $B%A$r99?7$G$-$k$3$H$G$"$k!%$3$l$O$9$J$o$A!$%Q%C%A$NE,MQ$5$l$?>uBV$H!$%Q%C(B | |
192 $B%A$=$l<+BN$r$$$D$G$b99?7$G$-$k$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k!%(B | |
193 | |
194 %Quilt knows nothing about revision control tools, so it works equally | |
195 %well on top of an unpacked tarball or a Subversion working copy. | |
196 | |
197 quilt$B$O%j%S%8%g%s4IM}%D!<%k$K$D$$$F$OA4$/4XCN$7$J$$$?$a!$E83+$5$l$?(Btar$B%\!<(B | |
198 $B%k>e$G$b!$(BSubversion$B$N%o!<%-%s%0%3%T!<>e$G$bF1MM$KF0:n$9$k!%(B | |
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199 |
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200 %\subsection{From patchwork quilt to Mercurial Queues} |
323 | 201 \subsection{patchwork quilt$B$+$i(BMercurial Queues$B$X(B} |
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202 \label{sec:mq:quilt-mq} |
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203 |
324 | 204 %In mid-2005, Chris Mason took the features of quilt and wrote an |
205 %extension that he called Mercurial Queues, which added quilt-like | |
206 %behaviour to Mercurial. | |
207 | |
208 2005$BG/$NCf:"(BChris Mason$B$O!$(Bquilt$B$N5!G=$r<h$jF~$l$F!$(BMercurial$B$K(Bquilt$B$N$h(B | |
209 $B$&$JF0:n$rDI2C$9$k(BMercurial Queues$B$H$$$&%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$r=q$$$?!%(B | |
210 | |
211 %The key difference between quilt and MQ is that quilt knows nothing | |
212 %about revision control systems, while MQ is \emph{integrated} into | |
213 %Mercurial. Each patch that you push is represented as a Mercurial | |
214 %changeset. Pop a patch, and the changeset goes away. | |
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215 |
324 | 216 quilt$B$H(BMQ$B$N0c$$$O!$(Bquilt$B$O%j%S%8%g%s4IM}%7%9%F%`$K$D$$$F2?$b4XCN$7$J$$$N(B |
217 $B$KBP$7$F!$(BMQ$B$O(BMercurial$B$KE}9g$5$l$F$$$k$3$H$G$"$k!%%W%C%7%e$7$?8D!9$N%Q%C(B | |
218 $B%A$O(BMercurial$B$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$H$7$FI=8=$5$l$k!%%Q%C%A$r%]%C%W$9$k$H!$%A%'(B | |
219 $B%s%8%;%C%H$O>C$($F$J$/$J$k!%(B | |
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220 |
324 | 221 %Because quilt does not care about revision control tools, it is still |
222 %a tremendously useful piece of software to know about for situations | |
223 %where you cannot use Mercurial and MQ. | |
224 | |
225 quilt$B$O%j%S%8%g%s4IM}%D!<%k$HL54X78$KMxMQ2DG=$J$?$a!$(BMercurial$B$H(BMQ$B$,;H$((B | |
226 $B$J$$>u67$G$O0MA3$H$7$FHs>o$KM-1W$J%D!<%k$G$"$k$3$H$O5-21$KN1$a$F$*$/$Y$-(B | |
227 $B$G$"$k!%(B | |
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228 |
322
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229 %\section{The huge advantage of MQ} |
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230 \section{MQ$B$NBg$-$JMxE@(B} |
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231 |
324 | 232 %I cannot overstate the value that MQ offers through the unification of |
233 %patches and revision control. | |
234 | |
235 MQ$B$,%Q%C%A$H%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k$NE}9g$K$h$C$F$b$?$i$92ACM$r8XD%$9$k$o(B | |
236 $B$1$K$O$$$+$J$$!%(B | |
237 | |
238 %A major reason that patches have persisted in the free software and | |
239 %open source world---in spite of the availability of increasingly | |
240 %capable revision control tools over the years---is the \emph{agility} | |
241 %they offer. | |
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242 |
324 | 243 $B;~$rDI$&Kh$K%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$NMxMQ$,9-$,$C$F$$$k$K$b$+$+$o$i(B |
244 $B$:!$%U%j!<%=%U%H$H%*!<%W%s%=!<%9$N@$3&$K%Q%C%A$,B8:_$9$kBg$-$JM}M3$O$=$N(B | |
245 \emph{$B5!IR$5(B}$B$K$"$k!%(B | |
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246 |
324 | 247 %Traditional revision control tools make a permanent, irreversible |
248 %record of everything that you do. While this has great value, it's | |
249 %also somewhat stifling. If you want to perform a wild-eyed | |
250 %experiment, you have to be careful in how you go about it, or you risk | |
251 %leaving unneeded---or worse, misleading or destabilising---traces of | |
252 %your missteps and errors in the permanent revision record. | |
253 | |
254 $BEAE}E*$J%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$O!$9T$J$C$?A`:n$N1J5WE*$GIT2D5UE*$J(B | |
255 $B5-O?$r;D$9!%$3$l$K$OBg$-$J2ACM$,$"$k0lJ}$G!$5g6~$K46$8$k$3$H$b$"$k!%$b$7(B | |
256 $B2a7c$J<B83$r$9$k$N$G$"$l$P!$$I$N$h$&$K?J$a$k$+?5=E$K$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%$5$b(B | |
257 $B$J$1$l$P!$ITMW$J!$$"$k$$$O8m2r$r>7$$$?$j!$0BDj@-$rB;$J$&%H%l!<%9$H%(%i!<(B | |
258 $B$r1J5WE*$J%j%S%8%g%sMzNr$K;D$9$3$H$K$J$k!%(B | |
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259 |
324 | 260 %By contrast, MQ's marriage of distributed revision control with |
261 %patches makes it much easier to isolate your work. Your patches live | |
262 %on top of normal revision history, and you can make them disappear or | |
263 %reappear at will. If you don't like a patch, you can drop it. If a | |
264 %patch isn't quite as you want it to be, simply fix it---as many times | |
265 %as you need to, until you have refined it into the form you desire. | |
266 | |
267 $BBP>NE*$K!$(BMQ$B$K$h$kJ,;6%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k$H%Q%C%A$N7k9g$O!$:n6H$r3VN%(B | |
268 $B$9$k$3$H$rMZ$+$KMF0W$K$9$k!%%Q%C%A$ODL>o$N%j%S%8%g%sMzNr$N>e$K>h$C$F$*$j!$(B | |
269 $BK>$`$h$&$K>CLG$5$;$?$j:F8=$5$;$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%%Q%C%A$r5$$KF~$i$J$1$l$P!$(B | |
270 $B$3$l$r4~5Q$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$k!%%Q%C%A$,$"$J$?$NK>$`$h$&$J$b$N$G$J$1$l$P!$4u(B | |
271 $BK>DL$j$K$J$k$^$G2?EY$G$b4JC1$K=$@5$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B | |
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272 |
324 | 273 %As an example, the integration of patches with revision control makes |
274 %understanding patches and debugging their effects---and their | |
275 %interplay with the code they're based on---\emph{enormously} easier. | |
276 %Since every applied patch has an associated changeset, you can use | |
277 %\hgcmdargs{log}{\emph{filename}} to see which changesets and patches | |
278 %affected a file. You can use the \hgext{bisect} command to | |
279 %binary-search through all changesets and applied patches to see where | |
280 %a bug got introduced or fixed. You can use the \hgcmd{annotate} | |
281 %command to see which changeset or patch modified a particular line of | |
282 %a source file. And so on. | |
283 | |
284 $BNc$($P!$%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k$X$N%Q%C%A$NE}9g$O!$%Q%C%A$rM}2r$7!$$=$N1F(B | |
285 $B6A!$0M$C$FN)$D%Y!<%9%3!<%I$H$NAj8_:nMQ$r%G%P%C%0$9$k$3$H$r2DG=$K$9$k!%E,(B | |
286 $BMQ$5$l$?%Q%C%A$O!$4XO"$E$1$i$l$?%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r;}$D$?$a!$(B | |
287 \hgcmdargs{log}{\emph{filename}}$B$K$h$C$F$I$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$H%Q%C%A$,%U%!(B | |
288 $B%$%k$K1F6A$rM?$($F$$$k$+D4$Y$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B\hgext{bisect}$B%3%^%s%I$GA4$F(B | |
289 $B$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$HE,MQ$5$l$?%Q%C%A$KBP$7$F%P%$%J%j%5!<%A$r9T$J$$!$$I$3$G(B | |
290 $B%P%0$,:.F~$7$?$+!$$"$k$$$O=$@5$5$l$?$+$rD4$Y$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B | |
291 \hgcmd{annotate}$B%3%^%s%I$G$I$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$+%Q%C%A$,%=!<%9%U%!%$%k$NFC(B | |
292 $BDj$N9T$rJQ99$7$?$+8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B | |
293 | |
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294 |
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295 %\section{Understanding patches} |
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296 \section{$B%Q%C%A$H$O2?$+(B} |
26 | 297 \label{sec:mq:patch} |
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298 |
325 | 299 %Because MQ doesn't hide its patch-oriented nature, it is helpful to |
300 %understand what patches are, and a little about the tools that work | |
301 %with them. | |
302 | |
303 MQ$B$O%Q%C%A;X8~$G$"$k@-<A$r1#JC$7$F$$$J$$$N$G!$%Q%C%A$,2?$G$"$k$+!$%D!<%k(B | |
304 $B$,%Q%C%A$r$I$&07$&$+$rM}2r$9$k$N$O$?$d$9$$!%(B | |
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305 |
325 | 306 %The traditional Unix \command{diff} command compares two files, and |
307 %prints a list of differences between them. The \command{patch} command | |
308 %understands these differences as \emph{modifications} to make to a | |
309 %file. Take a look at figure~\ref{ex:mq:diff} for a simple example of | |
310 %these commands in action. | |
311 | |
312 Unix$B$NEAE}E*$J(B\command{diff}$B%3%^%s%I$O(B2$B$D$N%U%!%$%k$rHf3S$7!$:9J,$N%j%9(B | |
313 $B%H$r=PNO$9$k!%(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$O$3$N:9J,$rJQ99$H2r<a$7!$%U%!%$%k(B | |
314 $B$K5Z$\$9!%?^(B~\ref{ex:mq:diff}$B$K$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$NF0:n$r<($9!%(B | |
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315 |
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316 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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317 \interaction{mq.dodiff.diff} |
325 | 318 % \caption{Simple uses of the \command{diff} and \command{patch} |
319 % commands} | |
320 \caption{\command{diff}$B%3%^%s%I$H(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$NC1=c$J;HMQNc(B} | |
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321 \label{ex:mq:diff} |
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322 \end{figure} |
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323 |
329 | 324 %The type of file that \command{diff} generates (and \command{patch} |
325 %takes as input) is called a ``patch'' or a ``diff''; there is no | |
326 %difference between a patch and a diff. (We'll use the term ``patch'', | |
327 %since it's more commonly used.) | |
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328 |
329 | 329 \command{diff}$B$,@8@.$9$k!J$^$?(B\command{patch}$B$,F~NO$K<h$k!K%U%!%$%k$N<o(B |
330 $BN`$O(B``patch''$B$^$?$O(B``diff''$B$H8F$P$l!$$3$l$i$N4V$K$O0c$$$O$J$$!%!J0J2<$G(B | |
331 $B$O!$$h$jB?$/;H$o$l$F$$$k(B``patch''$B$H$$$&8@MU$r;H$&$3$H$K$9$k!%!K(B | |
325 | 332 |
329 | 333 %A patch file can start with arbitrary text; the \command{patch} |
334 %command ignores this text, but MQ uses it as the commit message when | |
335 %creating changesets. To find the beginning of the patch content, | |
336 %\command{patch} searches for the first line that starts with the | |
337 %string ``\texttt{diff~-}''. | |
325 | 338 |
329 | 339 $B%Q%C%A%U%!%$%k$OG$0U$N%F%-%9%H$G;O$^$k!%(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$O$3$N%F(B |
340 $B%-%9%H$rL5;k$9$k$,!$(BMQ$B$O%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r:n$k:]$N%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8$H$7$F(B | |
341 $BMxMQ$9$k!%%Q%C%AFbMF$N@hF,$r8+$D$1$k$?$a$K(B\command{patch}$B$O(B | |
342 ``\texttt{diff~-}''$B$G;O$^$k:G=i$N9T$r%5!<%A$9$k!%(B | |
325 | 343 |
329 | 344 %MQ works with \emph{unified} diffs (\command{patch} can accept several |
345 %other diff formats, but MQ doesn't). A unified diff contains two | |
346 %kinds of header. The \emph{file header} describes the file being | |
347 %modified; it contains the name of the file to modify. When | |
348 %\command{patch} sees a new file header, it looks for a file with that | |
349 %name to start modifying. | |
350 | |
351 MQ\emph{unified} diffs$B7A<0$r;H$&!%!J(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$O$3$l0J30$K2?(B | |
352 $B<oN`$+$N(Bdiff$B%U%)!<%^%C%H$r<u$1IU$1$k$,!$(BMQ$B$G$OMxMQ$G$-$J$$!%!K(Bunified | |
353 diff$B$O(B2$B<oN`$N%X%C%@$r;}$D!%(B\emph{file $B%X%C%@(B}$B$OJQ99$5$l$F$$$k%U%!%$%k$r5-(B | |
354 $B=R$9$k!%(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$O!$?7$7$$%U%!%$%k%X%C%@$r8+$D$1$k$H!$$=$3(B | |
355 $B$K5-=R$5$l$F$$$k%U%!%$%kL>$r;}$D%U%!%$%k$rC5$9!%(B | |
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356 |
329 | 357 %After the file header comes a series of \emph{hunks}. Each hunk starts |
358 %with a header; this identifies the range of line numbers within the file | |
359 %that the hunk should modify. Following the header, a hunk starts and | |
360 %ends with a few (usually three) lines of text from the unmodified file; | |
361 %these are called the \emph{context} for the hunk.If | |
362 %there's only a small amount of context between successive hunks, | |
363 %\command{diff} doesn't print a new hunk header; it just runs the hunks | |
364 %together, with a few lines of context between modifications. | |
365 | |
366 $B%U%!%$%k%X%C%@$N8e$K$O0lO"$N(B\emph{hunks}$B$,B3$/!%3F!9$N(Bhunk$B$O%X%C%@$G;O$^(B | |
367 $B$k!%$3$N%X%C%@$O%U%!%$%kFb$G(Bhunk$B$,2~JQ$9$Y$-9THV9f$NHO0O$r<1JL$9$k$N$K;H(B | |
368 $B$o$l$k!%%X%C%@$KB3$-!$(Bhunk$B$O?t9T!JDL>o(B3$B!K$N2~JQ$5$l$F$$$J$$%U%!%$%k$+$i$N(B | |
369 $B9T$,$"$k!%$3$l$i$O(Bhunk$B$N(B\emph{$B%3%s%F%-%9%H(B}$B$H8F$P$l$k!%$b$7O"B3$9$k(Bhunk$B$N(B | |
370 $B4V$K%3%s%F%-%9%H$,>/$7$7$+$J$1$l$P!$(B\command{diff}$B$O?7$?$J(Bhunk$B%X%C%@$r=P(B | |
371 $BNO$;$:!$3F!9$N(Bhunk$B$H4V$N%3%s%F%-%9%H$r9g$o$;$F=PNO$9$k!%(B | |
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372 |
329 | 373 %Each line of context begins with a space character. Within the hunk, |
374 %a line that begins with ``\texttt{-}'' means ``remove this line,'' | |
375 %while a line that begins with ``\texttt{+}'' means ``insert this | |
376 %line.'' For example, a line that is modified is represented by one | |
377 %deletion and one insertion. | |
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378 |
329 | 379 $B%3%s%F%-%9%H$N3F9T$O!$6uGrJ8;z$G;O$^$k!%(Bhunk$BFb$G$O9T$O(B``\texttt{-}''$B$G;O(B |
380 $B$^$k!%$3$l$O(B``$B$3$N9T$r:o=|$;$h(B''$B$r0UL#$9$k!%(B | |
381 $B0lJ}!$(B``\texttt{+}''$B$G;O$^$k9T$O!$(B``$B$3$N9T$rA^F~$;$h(B''$B$r0UL#$9$k!%Nc$r5s(B | |
382 $B$2$k$H!$JQ99$5$l$?9T$O(B1$B$D$N:o=|$H(B1$B$D$NA^F~$GI=$5$l$k!%(B | |
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383 |
329 | 384 %We will return to some of the more subtle aspects of patches later (in |
385 %section~\ref{sec:mq:adv-patch}), but you should have enough information | |
386 %now to use MQ. | |
387 | |
388 $B%Q%C%A$N:3:Y$JE@$K$D$$$F$O8e$G!J(B~\ref{sec:mq:adv-patch}$B!K$^$??($l$k$,!$(B | |
389 $B$3$l$^$G$G!$(BMQ$B$r;H$&$N$K==J,$J>pJs$O=R$Y$?!%(B | |
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390 |
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391 %\section{Getting started with Mercurial Queues} |
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392 \section{Mercurial Queues$B$r;H$C$F$_$k(B} |
2 | 393 \label{sec:mq:start} |
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394 |
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395 Because MQ is implemented as an extension, you must explicitly enable |
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396 before you can use it. (You don't need to download anything; MQ ships |
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397 with the standard Mercurial distribution.) To enable MQ, edit your |
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398 \tildefile{.hgrc} file, and add the lines in figure~\ref{ex:mq:config}. |
2 | 399 |
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400 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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401 \begin{codesample4} |
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402 [extensions] |
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403 hgext.mq = |
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404 \end{codesample4} |
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405 \label{ex:mq:config} |
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406 \caption{Contents to add to \tildefile{.hgrc} to enable the MQ extension} |
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407 \end{figure} |
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408 |
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409 Once the extension is enabled, it will make a number of new commands |
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410 available. To verify that the extension is working, you can use |
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411 \hgcmd{help} to see if the \hgxcmd{mq}{qinit} command is now available; see |
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412 the example in figure~\ref{ex:mq:enabled}. |
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413 |
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414 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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415 \interaction{mq.qinit-help.help} |
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416 \caption{How to verify that MQ is enabled} |
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417 \label{ex:mq:enabled} |
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418 \end{figure} |
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419 |
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420 You can use MQ with \emph{any} Mercurial repository, and its commands |
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421 only operate within that repository. To get started, simply prepare |
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422 the repository using the \hgxcmd{mq}{qinit} command (see |
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423 figure~\ref{ex:mq:qinit}). This command creates an empty directory |
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424 called \sdirname{.hg/patches}, where MQ will keep its metadata. As |
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425 with many Mercurial commands, the \hgxcmd{mq}{qinit} command prints nothing |
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426 if it succeeds. |
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427 |
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428 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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429 \interaction{mq.tutorial.qinit} |
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430 \caption{Preparing a repository for use with MQ} |
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431 \label{ex:mq:qinit} |
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432 \end{figure} |
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433 |
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434 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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435 \interaction{mq.tutorial.qnew} |
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436 \caption{Creating a new patch} |
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437 \label{ex:mq:qnew} |
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438 \end{figure} |
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439 |
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440 %\subsection{Creating a new patch} |
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441 \subsection{$B?7$7$$%Q%C%A$N:n@.(B} |
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442 |
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443 To begin work on a new patch, use the \hgxcmd{mq}{qnew} command. This |
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444 command takes one argument, the name of the patch to create. MQ will |
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445 use this as the name of an actual file in the \sdirname{.hg/patches} |
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446 directory, as you can see in figure~\ref{ex:mq:qnew}. |
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447 |
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448 Also newly present in the \sdirname{.hg/patches} directory are two |
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449 other files, \sfilename{series} and \sfilename{status}. The |
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450 \sfilename{series} file lists all of the patches that MQ knows about |
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451 for this repository, with one patch per line. Mercurial uses the |
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452 \sfilename{status} file for internal book-keeping; it tracks all of the |
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453 patches that MQ has \emph{applied} in this repository. |
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454 |
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455 \begin{note} |
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456 You may sometimes want to edit the \sfilename{series} file by hand; |
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457 for example, to change the sequence in which some patches are |
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458 applied. However, manually editing the \sfilename{status} file is |
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459 almost always a bad idea, as it's easy to corrupt MQ's idea of what |
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460 is happening. |
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461 \end{note} |
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462 |
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463 Once you have created your new patch, you can edit files in the |
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464 working directory as you usually would. All of the normal Mercurial |
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465 commands, such as \hgcmd{diff} and \hgcmd{annotate}, work exactly as |
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466 they did before. |
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467 |
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468 %\subsection{Refreshing a patch} |
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469 \subsection{$B%Q%C%A$N:F@8(B} |
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470 |
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471 When you reach a point where you want to save your work, use the |
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472 \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} command (figure~\ref{ex:mq:qnew}) to update the patch |
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473 you are working on. This command folds the changes you have made in |
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474 the working directory into your patch, and updates its corresponding |
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475 changeset to contain those changes. |
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476 |
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477 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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478 \interaction{mq.tutorial.qrefresh} |
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479 \caption{Refreshing a patch} |
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480 \label{ex:mq:qrefresh} |
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481 \end{figure} |
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482 |
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483 You can run \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} as often as you like, so it's a good way |
13 | 484 to ``checkpoint'' your work. Refresh your patch at an opportune |
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485 time; try an experiment; and if the experiment doesn't work out, |
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486 \hgcmd{revert} your modifications back to the last time you refreshed. |
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487 |
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488 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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489 \interaction{mq.tutorial.qrefresh2} |
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490 \caption{Refresh a patch many times to accumulate changes} |
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491 \label{ex:mq:qrefresh2} |
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492 \end{figure} |
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493 |
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494 %\subsection{Stacking and tracking patches} |
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495 \subsection{$B%Q%C%A$N=8@Q$HDI@W(B} |
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496 |
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497 Once you have finished working on a patch, or need to work on another, |
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498 you can use the \hgxcmd{mq}{qnew} command again to create a new patch. |
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499 Mercurial will apply this patch on top of your existing patch. See |
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500 figure~\ref{ex:mq:qnew2} for an example. Notice that the patch |
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501 contains the changes in our prior patch as part of its context (you |
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502 can see this more clearly in the output of \hgcmd{annotate}). |
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503 |
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504 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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505 \interaction{mq.tutorial.qnew2} |
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506 \caption{Stacking a second patch on top of the first} |
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507 \label{ex:mq:qnew2} |
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508 \end{figure} |
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509 |
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510 So far, with the exception of \hgxcmd{mq}{qnew} and \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}, we've |
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511 been careful to only use regular Mercurial commands. However, MQ |
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512 provides many commands that are easier to use when you are thinking |
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513 about patches, as illustrated in figure~\ref{ex:mq:qseries}: |
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514 |
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515 \begin{itemize} |
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516 \item The \hgxcmd{mq}{qseries} command lists every patch that MQ knows |
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517 about in this repository, from oldest to newest (most recently |
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518 \emph{created}). |
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519 \item The \hgxcmd{mq}{qapplied} command lists every patch that MQ has |
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520 \emph{applied} in this repository, again from oldest to newest (most |
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521 recently applied). |
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522 \end{itemize} |
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523 |
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524 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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525 \interaction{mq.tutorial.qseries} |
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526 \caption{Understanding the patch stack with \hgxcmd{mq}{qseries} and |
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527 \hgxcmd{mq}{qapplied}} |
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528 \label{ex:mq:qseries} |
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529 \end{figure} |
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530 |
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531 %\subsection{Manipulating the patch stack} |
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532 \subsection{$B%Q%C%A%9%?%C%/$NA`:n(B} |
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533 |
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534 The previous discussion implied that there must be a difference |
11 | 535 between ``known'' and ``applied'' patches, and there is. MQ can |
536 manage a patch without it being applied in the repository. | |
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537 |
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538 An \emph{applied} patch has a corresponding changeset in the |
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539 repository, and the effects of the patch and changeset are visible in |
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540 the working directory. You can undo the application of a patch using |
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541 the \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} command. MQ still \emph{knows about}, or manages, a |
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542 popped patch, but the patch no longer has a corresponding changeset in |
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543 the repository, and the working directory does not contain the changes |
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544 made by the patch. Figure~\ref{fig:mq:stack} illustrates the |
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545 difference between applied and tracked patches. |
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546 |
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547 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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548 \centering |
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549 \grafix{mq-stack} |
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550 \caption{Applied and unapplied patches in the MQ patch stack} |
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551 \label{fig:mq:stack} |
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552 \end{figure} |
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553 |
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554 You can reapply an unapplied, or popped, patch using the \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} |
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555 command. This creates a new changeset to correspond to the patch, and |
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556 the patch's changes once again become present in the working |
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557 directory. See figure~\ref{ex:mq:qpop} for examples of \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} |
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558 and \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} in action. Notice that once we have popped a patch |
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559 or two patches, the output of \hgxcmd{mq}{qseries} remains the same, while |
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560 that of \hgxcmd{mq}{qapplied} has changed. |
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561 |
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562 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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563 \interaction{mq.tutorial.qpop} |
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564 \caption{Modifying the stack of applied patches} |
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565 \label{ex:mq:qpop} |
11 | 566 \end{figure} |
567 | |
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568 %\subsection{Pushing and popping many patches} |
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569 \subsection{$B%Q%C%A$N%W%C%7%e$H%]%C%W(B} |
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570 |
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571 While \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} and \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} each operate on a single patch at |
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572 a time by default, you can push and pop many patches in one go. The |
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573 \hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-a} option to \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} causes it to push all |
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574 unapplied patches, while the \hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a} option to \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} |
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575 causes it to pop all applied patches. (For some more ways to push and |
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576 pop many patches, see section~\ref{sec:mq:perf} below.) |
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577 |
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578 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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579 \interaction{mq.tutorial.qpush-a} |
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580 \caption{Pushing all unapplied patches} |
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581 \label{ex:mq:qpush-a} |
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582 \end{figure} |
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583 |
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584 %\subsection{Safety checks, and overriding them} |
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585 \subsection{$B0BA4@-%A%'%C%/$H%*!<%P%i%$%I(B} |
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586 |
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587 Several MQ commands check the working directory before they do |
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588 anything, and fail if they find any modifications. They do this to |
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589 ensure that you won't lose any changes that you have made, but not yet |
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590 incorporated into a patch. Figure~\ref{ex:mq:add} illustrates this; |
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591 the \hgxcmd{mq}{qnew} command will not create a new patch if there are |
27
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592 outstanding changes, caused in this case by the \hgcmd{add} of |
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593 \filename{file3}. |
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594 |
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595 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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596 \interaction{mq.tutorial.add} |
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597 \caption{Forcibly creating a patch} |
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598 \label{ex:mq:add} |
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599 \end{figure} |
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600 |
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601 Commands that check the working directory all take an ``I know what |
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602 I'm doing'' option, which is always named \option{-f}. The exact |
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603 meaning of \option{-f} depends on the command. For example, |
234
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604 \hgcmdargs{qnew}{\hgxopt{mq}{qnew}{-f}} will incorporate any outstanding |
27
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605 changes into the new patch it creates, but |
234
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606 \hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-f}} will revert modifications to any |
27
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607 files affected by the patch that it is popping. Be sure to read the |
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608 documentation for a command's \option{-f} option before you use it! |
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609 |
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610 %\subsection{Working on several patches at once} |
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611 \subsection{$BJ#?t$N%Q%C%A$r0lEY$K07$&(B} |
13 | 612 |
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613 The \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} command always refreshes the \emph{topmost} |
13 | 614 applied patch. This means that you can suspend work on one patch (by |
615 refreshing it), pop or push to make a different patch the top, and | |
616 work on \emph{that} patch for a while. | |
617 | |
618 Here's an example that illustrates how you can use this ability. | |
619 Let's say you're developing a new feature as two patches. The first | |
18
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620 is a change to the core of your software, and the second---layered on |
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621 top of the first---changes the user interface to use the code you just |
13 | 622 added to the core. If you notice a bug in the core while you're |
623 working on the UI patch, it's easy to fix the core. Simply | |
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624 \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} the UI patch to save your in-progress changes, and |
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625 \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} down to the core patch. Fix the core bug, |
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626 \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} the core patch, and \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} back to the UI |
13 | 627 patch to continue where you left off. |
628 | |
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629 %\section{More about patches} |
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630 \section{$B$5$i$K%Q%C%A$K$D$$$F(B} |
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631 \label{sec:mq:adv-patch} |
14
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632 |
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633 MQ uses the GNU \command{patch} command to apply patches, so it's |
26 | 634 helpful to know a few more detailed aspects of how \command{patch} |
635 works, and about patches themselves. | |
636 | |
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637 %\subsection{The strip count} |
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638 \subsection{$B%9%H%j%C%W%+%&%s%H(B} |
26 | 639 |
640 If you look at the file headers in a patch, you will notice that the | |
641 pathnames usually have an extra component on the front that isn't | |
642 present in the actual path name. This is a holdover from the way that | |
643 people used to generate patches (people still do this, but it's | |
644 somewhat rare with modern revision control tools). | |
645 | |
646 Alice would unpack a tarball, edit her files, then decide that she | |
647 wanted to create a patch. So she'd rename her working directory, | |
648 unpack the tarball again (hence the need for the rename), and use the | |
649 \cmdopt{diff}{-r} and \cmdopt{diff}{-N} options to \command{diff} to | |
650 recursively generate a patch between the unmodified directory and the | |
651 modified one. The result would be that the name of the unmodified | |
652 directory would be at the front of the left-hand path in every file | |
653 header, and the name of the modified directory would be at the front | |
654 of the right-hand path. | |
655 | |
656 Since someone receiving a patch from the Alices of the net would be | |
657 unlikely to have unmodified and modified directories with exactly the | |
658 same names, the \command{patch} command has a \cmdopt{patch}{-p} | |
659 option that indicates the number of leading path name components to | |
660 strip when trying to apply a patch. This number is called the | |
661 \emph{strip count}. | |
662 | |
663 An option of ``\texttt{-p1}'' means ``use a strip count of one''. If | |
664 \command{patch} sees a file name \filename{foo/bar/baz} in a file | |
665 header, it will strip \filename{foo} and try to patch a file named | |
666 \filename{bar/baz}. (Strictly speaking, the strip count refers to the | |
667 number of \emph{path separators} (and the components that go with them | |
668 ) to strip. A strip count of one will turn \filename{foo/bar} into | |
669 \filename{bar}, but \filename{/foo/bar} (notice the extra leading | |
670 slash) into \filename{foo/bar}.) | |
671 | |
672 The ``standard'' strip count for patches is one; almost all patches | |
673 contain one leading path name component that needs to be stripped. | |
674 Mercurial's \hgcmd{diff} command generates path names in this form, | |
675 and the \hgcmd{import} command and MQ expect patches to have a strip | |
676 count of one. | |
677 | |
678 If you receive a patch from someone that you want to add to your patch | |
679 queue, and the patch needs a strip count other than one, you cannot | |
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680 just \hgxcmd{mq}{qimport} the patch, because \hgxcmd{mq}{qimport} does not yet |
26 | 681 have a \texttt{-p} option (see~\bug{311}). Your best bet is to |
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682 \hgxcmd{mq}{qnew} a patch of your own, then use \cmdargs{patch}{-p\emph{N}} |
26 | 683 to apply their patch, followed by \hgcmd{addremove} to pick up any |
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684 files added or removed by the patch, followed by \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}. |
26 | 685 This complexity may become unnecessary; see~\bug{311} for details. |
322
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686 |
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687 %\subsection{Strategies for applying a patch} |
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688 \subsection{$B%Q%C%AE,MQ$N$?$a$N@oN,(B} |
14
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689 |
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690 When \command{patch} applies a hunk, it tries a handful of |
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691 successively less accurate strategies to try to make the hunk apply. |
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692 This falling-back technique often makes it possible to take a patch |
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693 that was generated against an old version of a file, and apply it |
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694 against a newer version of that file. |
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695 |
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696 First, \command{patch} tries an exact match, where the line numbers, |
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697 the context, and the text to be modified must apply exactly. If it |
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698 cannot make an exact match, it tries to find an exact match for the |
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699 context, without honouring the line numbering information. If this |
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700 succeeds, it prints a line of output saying that the hunk was applied, |
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701 but at some \emph{offset} from the original line number. |
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702 |
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703 If a context-only match fails, \command{patch} removes the first and |
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704 last lines of the context, and tries a \emph{reduced} context-only |
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705 match. If the hunk with reduced context succeeds, it prints a message |
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706 saying that it applied the hunk with a \emph{fuzz factor} (the number |
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707 after the fuzz factor indicates how many lines of context |
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708 \command{patch} had to trim before the patch applied). |
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709 |
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710 When neither of these techniques works, \command{patch} prints a |
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711 message saying that the hunk in question was rejected. It saves |
17
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712 rejected hunks (also simply called ``rejects'') to a file with the |
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713 same name, and an added \sfilename{.rej} extension. It also saves an |
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714 unmodified copy of the file with a \sfilename{.orig} extension; the |
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715 copy of the file without any extensions will contain any changes made |
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716 by hunks that \emph{did} apply cleanly. If you have a patch that |
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|
717 modifies \filename{foo} with six hunks, and one of them fails to |
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718 apply, you will have: an unmodified \filename{foo.orig}, a |
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|
719 \filename{foo.rej} containing one hunk, and \filename{foo}, containing |
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720 the changes made by the five successful five hunks. |
14
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721 |
322
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722 %\subsection{Some quirks of patch representation} |
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723 \subsection{$B%Q%C%AI=8=$N4qL/$JE@(B} |
25
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|
724 |
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|
725 There are a few useful things to know about how \command{patch} works |
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|
726 with files. |
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|
727 \begin{itemize} |
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|
728 \item This should already be obvious, but \command{patch} cannot |
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|
729 handle binary files. |
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|
730 \item Neither does it care about the executable bit; it creates new |
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|
731 files as readable, but not executable. |
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|
732 \item \command{patch} treats the removal of a file as a diff between |
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|
733 the file to be removed and the empty file. So your idea of ``I |
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|
734 deleted this file'' looks like ``every line of this file was |
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|
735 deleted'' in a patch. |
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|
736 \item It treats the addition of a file as a diff between the empty |
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|
737 file and the file to be added. So in a patch, your idea of ``I |
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|
738 added this file'' looks like ``every line of this file was added''. |
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|
739 \item It treats a renamed file as the removal of the old name, and the |
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|
740 addition of the new name. This means that renamed files have a big |
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|
741 footprint in patches. (Note also that Mercurial does not currently |
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|
742 try to infer when files have been renamed or copied in a patch.) |
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
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743 \item \command{patch} cannot represent empty files, so you cannot use |
9d5b6d303ef5
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|
744 a patch to represent the notion ``I added this empty file to the |
9d5b6d303ef5
Make it 2/3 through documenting MQ commands.
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19
diff
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|
745 tree''. |
9d5b6d303ef5
Make it 2/3 through documenting MQ commands.
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|
746 \end{itemize} |
322
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747 |
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748 %\subsection{Beware the fuzz} |
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749 \subsection{$B[#Kf$JE@$K$D$$$F(B} |
14
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parents:
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|
750 |
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13
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|
751 While applying a hunk at an offset, or with a fuzz factor, will often |
e2aa527bafa0
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parents:
13
diff
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|
752 be completely successful, these inexact techniques naturally leave |
e2aa527bafa0
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parents:
13
diff
changeset
|
753 open the possibility of corrupting the patched file. The most common |
e2aa527bafa0
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|
754 cases typically involve applying a patch twice, or at an incorrect |
233
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755 location in the file. If \command{patch} or \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} ever |
14
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13
diff
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|
756 mentions an offset or fuzz factor, you should make sure that the |
e2aa527bafa0
Describe unified diffs
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
13
diff
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|
757 modified files are correct afterwards. |
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parents:
13
diff
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|
758 |
e2aa527bafa0
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
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diff
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|
759 It's often a good idea to refresh a patch that has applied with an |
e2aa527bafa0
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parents:
13
diff
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|
760 offset or fuzz factor; refreshing the patch generates new context |
e2aa527bafa0
Describe unified diffs
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
13
diff
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|
761 information that will make it apply cleanly. I say ``often,'' not |
e2aa527bafa0
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parents:
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changeset
|
762 ``always,'' because sometimes refreshing a patch will make it fail to |
e2aa527bafa0
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parents:
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|
763 apply against a different revision of the underlying files. In some |
e2aa527bafa0
Describe unified diffs
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
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diff
changeset
|
764 cases, such as when you're maintaining a patch that must sit on top of |
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Describe unified diffs
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
13
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|
765 multiple versions of a source tree, it's acceptable to have a patch |
e2aa527bafa0
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parents:
13
diff
changeset
|
766 apply with some fuzz, provided you've verified the results of the |
e2aa527bafa0
Describe unified diffs
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
13
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changeset
|
767 patching process in such cases. |
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|
768 |
322
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769 %\subsection{Handling rejection} |
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|
770 \subsection{$B%j%8%'%/%H$N<h$j07$$(B} |
15
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|
771 |
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772 If \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} fails to apply a patch, it will print an error |
16
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|
773 message and exit. If it has left \sfilename{.rej} files behind, it is |
15
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|
774 usually best to fix up the rejected hunks before you push more patches |
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parents:
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|
775 or do any further work. |
b8ac9f312a47
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
14
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|
776 |
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|
777 If your patch \emph{used to} apply cleanly, and no longer does because |
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Document wiggle and rej
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|
778 you've changed the underlying code that your patches are based on, |
17
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|
779 Mercurial Queues can help; see section~\ref{sec:mq:merge} for details. |
15
b8ac9f312a47
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|
780 |
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parents:
14
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|
781 Unfortunately, there aren't any great techniques for dealing with |
16
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|
782 rejected hunks. Most often, you'll need to view the \sfilename{.rej} |
15
b8ac9f312a47
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
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14
diff
changeset
|
783 file and edit the target file, applying the rejected hunks by hand. |
b8ac9f312a47
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
14
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|
784 |
16
81454425eee9
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
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15
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changeset
|
785 If you're feeling adventurous, Neil Brown, a Linux kernel hacker, |
81454425eee9
Progress on a few fronts, mainly indexing and MQ chapter content
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
15
diff
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|
786 wrote a tool called \command{wiggle}~\cite{web:wiggle}, which is more |
81454425eee9
Progress on a few fronts, mainly indexing and MQ chapter content
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parents:
15
diff
changeset
|
787 vigorous than \command{patch} in its attempts to make a patch apply. |
15
b8ac9f312a47
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
14
diff
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|
788 |
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
14
diff
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|
789 Another Linux kernel hacker, Chris Mason (the author of Mercurial |
254
7301e64c362e
Chris Mason's "rej" tool has been superseded by "mpatch", per David Rushby.
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|
790 Queues), wrote a similar tool called |
7301e64c362e
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|
791 \command{mpatch}~\cite{web:mpatch}, which takes a simple approach to |
7301e64c362e
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
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|
792 automating the application of hunks rejected by \command{patch}. The |
7301e64c362e
Chris Mason's "rej" tool has been superseded by "mpatch", per David Rushby.
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diff
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|
793 \command{mpatch} command can help with four common reasons that a hunk |
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diff
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|
794 may be rejected: |
15
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
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14
diff
changeset
|
795 |
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Document wiggle and rej
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
14
diff
changeset
|
796 \begin{itemize} |
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Document wiggle and rej
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
14
diff
changeset
|
797 \item The context in the middle of a hunk has changed. |
b8ac9f312a47
Document wiggle and rej
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
14
diff
changeset
|
798 \item A hunk is missing some context at the beginning or end. |
18
e6f4088ebe52
Generate a PDF file with a feedback link on each paragraph.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
17
diff
changeset
|
799 \item A large hunk might apply better---either entirely or in |
e6f4088ebe52
Generate a PDF file with a feedback link on each paragraph.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
17
diff
changeset
|
800 part---if it was broken up into smaller hunks. |
15
b8ac9f312a47
Document wiggle and rej
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
14
diff
changeset
|
801 \item A hunk removes lines with slightly different content than those |
b8ac9f312a47
Document wiggle and rej
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
14
diff
changeset
|
802 currently present in the file. |
b8ac9f312a47
Document wiggle and rej
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
14
diff
changeset
|
803 \end{itemize} |
b8ac9f312a47
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
14
diff
changeset
|
804 |
254
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parents:
241
diff
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|
805 If you use \command{wiggle} or \command{mpatch}, you should be doubly |
55 | 806 careful to check your results when you're done. In fact, |
254
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
241
diff
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|
807 \command{mpatch} enforces this method of double-checking the tool's |
55 | 808 output, by automatically dropping you into a merge program when it has |
809 done its job, so that you can verify its work and finish off any | |
810 remaining merges. | |
15
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14
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changeset
|
811 |
322
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parents:
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diff
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|
812 %\section{Getting the best performance out of MQ} |
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|
813 \section{MQ$B$r:GBg8B$K3hMQ$9$k(B} |
27
535e87792eb1
More MQ content and examples.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
26
diff
changeset
|
814 \label{sec:mq:perf} |
17
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parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
815 |
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MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
816 MQ is very efficient at handling a large number of patches. I ran |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
817 some performance experiments in mid-2006 for a talk that I gave at the |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
818 2006 EuroPython conference~\cite{web:europython}. I used as my data |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
819 set the Linux 2.6.17-mm1 patch series, which consists of 1,738 |
66 | 820 patches. I applied these on top of a Linux kernel repository |
17
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
821 containing all 27,472 revisions between Linux 2.6.12-rc2 and Linux |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
822 2.6.17. |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
823 |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
824 On my old, slow laptop, I was able to |
234
30e97616d808
Tag all MQ command options as belonging to the mq extension.
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parents:
233
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|
825 \hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-a}} all 1,738 patches in 3.5 minutes, |
30e97616d808
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diff
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|
826 and \hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}} them all in 30 seconds. (On a |
50
8b0d389cf6e0
Update MQ chapter to match recent bug fixes.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
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46
diff
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|
827 newer laptop, the time to push all patches dropped to two minutes.) I |
233
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|
828 could \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} one of the biggest patches (which made 22,779 |
17
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MQ: write up patch rebasing.
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parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
829 lines of changes to 287 files) in 6.6 seconds. |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
830 |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
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parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
831 Clearly, MQ is well suited to working in large trees, but there are a |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
832 few tricks you can use to get the best performance of it. |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
833 |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
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|
834 First of all, try to ``batch'' operations together. Every time you |
233
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|
835 run \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} or \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}, these commands scan the working |
17
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|
836 directory once to make sure you haven't made some changes and then |
233
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|
837 forgotten to run \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}. On a small tree, the time that |
17
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MQ: write up patch rebasing.
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parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
838 this scan takes is unnoticeable. However, on a medium-sized tree |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
839 (containing tens of thousands of files), it can take a second or more. |
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MQ: write up patch rebasing.
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|
840 |
233
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|
841 The \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} and \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} commands allow you to push and pop |
17
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parents:
16
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changeset
|
842 multiple patches at a time. You can identify the ``destination |
233
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|
843 patch'' that you want to end up at. When you \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} with a |
17
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MQ: write up patch rebasing.
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16
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|
844 destination specified, it will push patches until that patch is at the |
233
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|
845 top of the applied stack. When you \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} to a destination, MQ |
50
8b0d389cf6e0
Update MQ chapter to match recent bug fixes.
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parents:
46
diff
changeset
|
846 will pop patches until the destination patch is at the top. |
17
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
847 |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
848 You can identify a destination patch using either the name of the |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
849 patch, or by number. If you use numeric addressing, patches are |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
850 counted from zero; this means that the first patch is zero, the second |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
851 is one, and so on. |
2668e15c76e9
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
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|
852 |
322
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|
853 %\section{Updating your patches when the underlying code changes} |
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|
854 \section{$B2<0L%3!<%I$NJQ2=$K9g$o$;$F%Q%C%A$r99?7$9$k(B} |
15
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parents:
14
diff
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|
855 \label{sec:mq:merge} |
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Document wiggle and rej
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parents:
14
diff
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|
856 |
17
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16
diff
changeset
|
857 It's common to have a stack of patches on top of an underlying |
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858 repository that you don't modify directly. If you're working on |
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|
859 changes to third-party code, or on a feature that is taking longer to |
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860 develop than the rate of change of the code beneath, you will often |
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861 need to sync up with the underlying code, and fix up any hunks in your |
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862 patches that no longer apply. This is called \emph{rebasing} your |
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16
diff
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|
863 patch series. |
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864 |
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865 The simplest way to do this is to \hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}} |
17
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866 your patches, then \hgcmd{pull} changes into the underlying |
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867 repository, and finally \hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}} your |
17
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|
868 patches again. MQ will stop pushing any time it runs across a patch |
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869 that fails to apply during conflicts, allowing you to fix your |
233
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870 conflicts, \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} the affected patch, and continue pushing |
17
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|
871 until you have fixed your entire stack. |
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|
872 |
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diff
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|
873 This approach is easy to use and works well if you don't expect |
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|
874 changes to the underlying code to affect how well your patches apply. |
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|
875 If your patch stack touches code that is modified frequently or |
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16
diff
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|
876 invasively in the underlying repository, however, fixing up rejected |
2668e15c76e9
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|
877 hunks by hand quickly becomes tiresome. |
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16
diff
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|
878 |
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|
879 It's possible to partially automate the rebasing process. If your |
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|
880 patches apply cleanly against some revision of the underlying repo, MQ |
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16
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|
881 can use this information to help you to resolve conflicts between your |
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16
diff
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|
882 patches and a different revision. |
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16
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|
883 |
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|
884 The process is a little involved. |
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|
885 \begin{enumerate} |
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|
886 \item To begin, \hgcmdargs{qpush}{-a} all of your patches on top of |
2668e15c76e9
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|
887 the revision where you know that they apply cleanly. |
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|
888 \item Save a backup copy of your patch directory using |
234
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889 \hgcmdargs{qsave}{\hgxopt{mq}{qsave}{-e} \hgxopt{mq}{qsave}{-c}}. This prints |
17
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|
890 the name of the directory that it has saved the patches in. It will |
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|
891 save the patches to a directory called |
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|
892 \sdirname{.hg/patches.\emph{N}}, where \texttt{\emph{N}} is a small |
2668e15c76e9
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
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diff
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|
893 integer. It also commits a ``save changeset'' on top of your |
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16
diff
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|
894 applied patches; this is for internal book-keeping, and records the |
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16
diff
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|
895 states of the \sfilename{series} and \sfilename{status} files. |
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|
896 \item Use \hgcmd{pull} to bring new changes into the underlying |
2668e15c76e9
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|
897 repository. (Don't run \hgcmdargs{pull}{-u}; see below for why.) |
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|
898 \item Update to the new tip revision, using |
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16
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|
899 \hgcmdargs{update}{\hgopt{update}{-C}} to override the patches you |
2668e15c76e9
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900 have pushed. |
234
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901 \item Merge all patches using \hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-m} |
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902 \hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-a}}. The \hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-m} option to \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} |
17
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|
903 tells MQ to perform a three-way merge if the patch fails to apply. |
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16
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|
904 \end{enumerate} |
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|
905 |
234
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906 During the \hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-m}}, each patch in the |
17
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|
907 \sfilename{series} file is applied normally. If a patch applies with |
233
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|
908 fuzz or rejects, MQ looks at the queue you \hgxcmd{mq}{qsave}d, and |
17
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|
909 performs a three-way merge with the corresponding changeset. This |
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16
diff
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|
910 merge uses Mercurial's normal merge machinery, so it may pop up a GUI |
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16
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|
911 merge tool to help you to resolve problems. |
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
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16
diff
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|
912 |
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
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|
913 When you finish resolving the effects of a patch, MQ refreshes your |
2668e15c76e9
MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
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16
diff
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|
914 patch based on the result of the merge. |
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16
diff
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|
915 |
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Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
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|
916 At the end of this process, your repository will have one extra head |
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MQ: write up patch rebasing.
Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
parents:
16
diff
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|
917 from the old patch queue, and a copy of the old patch queue will be in |
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16
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|
918 \sdirname{.hg/patches.\emph{N}}. You can remove the extra head using |
234
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919 \hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a} \hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-n} patches.\emph{N}} |
17
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16
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|
920 or \hgcmd{strip}. You can delete \sdirname{.hg/patches.\emph{N}} once |
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|
921 you are sure that you no longer need it as a backup. |
13 | 922 |
322
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Yoshiki Yazawa <yaz@cc.rim.or.jp>
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|
923 %\section{Identifying patches} |
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|
924 \section{$B%Q%C%A$N<1JL(B} |
50
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|
925 |
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926 MQ commands that work with patches let you refer to a patch either by |
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927 using its name or by a number. By name is obvious enough; pass the |
233
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928 name \filename{foo.patch} to \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}, for example, and it will |
55 | 929 push patches until \filename{foo.patch} is applied. |
930 | |
931 As a shortcut, you can refer to a patch using both a name and a | |
932 numeric offset; \texttt{foo.patch-2} means ``two patches before | |
933 \texttt{foo.patch}'', while \texttt{bar.patch+4} means ``four patches | |
934 after \texttt{bar.patch}''. | |
50
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|
935 |
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936 Referring to a patch by index isn't much different. The first patch |
233
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|
937 printed in the output of \hgxcmd{mq}{qseries} is patch zero (yes, it's one |
50
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|
938 of those start-at-zero counting systems); the second is patch one; and |
8b0d389cf6e0
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46
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|
939 so on |
8b0d389cf6e0
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|
940 |
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|
941 MQ also makes it easy to work with patches when you are using normal |
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|
942 Mercurial commands. Every command that accepts a changeset ID will |
8b0d389cf6e0
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|
943 also accept the name of an applied patch. MQ augments the tags |
8b0d389cf6e0
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|
944 normally in the repository with an eponymous one for each applied |
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|
945 patch. In addition, the special tags \index{tags!special tag |
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|
946 names!\texttt{qbase}}\texttt{qbase} and \index{tags!special tag |
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|
947 names!\texttt{qtip}}\texttt{qtip} identify the ``bottom-most'' and |
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|
948 topmost applied patches, respectively. |
8b0d389cf6e0
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|
949 |
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|
950 These additions to Mercurial's normal tagging capabilities make |
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|
951 dealing with patches even more of a breeze. |
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|
952 \begin{itemize} |
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|
953 \item Want to patchbomb a mailing list with your latest series of |
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|
954 changes? |
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|
955 \begin{codesample4} |
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|
956 hg email qbase:qtip |
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|
957 \end{codesample4} |
231
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|
958 (Don't know what ``patchbombing'' is? See |
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|
959 section~\ref{sec:hgext:patchbomb}.) |
50
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960 \item Need to see all of the patches since \texttt{foo.patch} that |
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|
961 have touched files in a subdirectory of your tree? |
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|
962 \begin{codesample4} |
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963 hg log -r foo.patch:qtip \emph{subdir} |
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|
964 \end{codesample4} |
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|
965 \end{itemize} |
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|
966 |
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|
967 Because MQ makes the names of patches available to the rest of |
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|
968 Mercurial through its normal internal tag machinery, you don't need to |
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|
969 type in the entire name of a patch when you want to identify it by |
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|
970 name. |
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|
971 |
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|
972 \begin{figure}[ht] |
155
914babdc99c8
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|
973 \interaction{mq.id.output} |
50
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974 \caption{Using MQ's tag features to work with patches} |
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975 \label{ex:mq:id} |
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976 \end{figure} |
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977 |
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978 Another nice consequence of representing patch names as tags is that |
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979 when you run the \hgcmd{log} command, it will display a patch's name |
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980 as a tag, simply as part of its normal output. This makes it easy to |
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981 visually distinguish applied patches from underlying ``normal'' |
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982 revisions. Figure~\ref{ex:mq:id} shows a few normal Mercurial |
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983 commands in use with applied patches. |
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984 |
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985 %\section{Useful things to know about} |
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986 \section{$BCN$C$F$*$/$Y$-$$$/$D$+$NE@(B} |
26 | 987 |
988 There are a number of aspects of MQ usage that don't fit tidily into | |
989 sections of their own, but that are good to know. Here they are, in | |
990 one place. | |
991 | |
992 \begin{itemize} | |
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993 \item Normally, when you \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} a patch and \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} it |
26 | 994 again, the changeset that represents the patch after the pop/push |
995 will have a \emph{different identity} than the changeset that | |
224
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996 represented the hash beforehand. See |
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997 section~\ref{sec:mqref:cmd:qpush} for information as to why this is. |
26 | 998 \item It's not a good idea to \hgcmd{merge} changes from another |
999 branch with a patch changeset, at least if you want to maintain the | |
1000 ``patchiness'' of that changeset and changesets below it on the | |
1001 patch stack. If you try to do this, it will appear to succeed, but | |
1002 MQ will become confused. | |
1003 \end{itemize} | |
50
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1004 |
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1005 %\section{Managing patches in a repository} |
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1006 \section{$B%j%]%8%H%jFb$G$N%Q%C%A$N4IM}(B} |
106
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1007 \label{sec:mq:repo} |
16
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1008 |
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1009 Because MQ's \sdirname{.hg/patches} directory resides outside a |
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1010 Mercurial repository's working directory, the ``underlying'' Mercurial |
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1011 repository knows nothing about the management or presence of patches. |
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1012 |
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1013 This presents the interesting possibility of managing the contents of |
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1014 the patch directory as a Mercurial repository in its own right. This |
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1015 can be a useful way to work. For example, you can work on a patch for |
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1016 a while, \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} it, then \hgcmd{commit} the current state of |
16
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1017 the patch. This lets you ``roll back'' to that version of the patch |
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1018 later on. |
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1019 |
26 | 1020 You can then share different versions of the same patch stack among |
1021 multiple underlying repositories. I use this when I am developing a | |
1022 Linux kernel feature. I have a pristine copy of my kernel sources for | |
1023 each of several CPU architectures, and a cloned repository under each | |
1024 that contains the patches I am working on. When I want to test a | |
1025 change on a different architecture, I push my current patches to the | |
1026 patch repository associated with that kernel tree, pop and push all of | |
1027 my patches, and build and test that kernel. | |
16
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1028 |
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1029 Managing patches in a repository makes it possible for multiple |
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1030 developers to work on the same patch series without colliding with |
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1031 each other, all on top of an underlying source base that they may or |
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1032 may not control. |
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1033 |
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1034 %\subsection{MQ support for patch repositories} |
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1035 \subsection{MQ$B$K$h$k%Q%C%A%j%]%8%H%j%5%]!<%H(B} |
16
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1036 |
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1037 MQ helps you to work with the \sdirname{.hg/patches} directory as a |
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1038 repository; when you prepare a repository for working with patches |
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1039 using \hgxcmd{mq}{qinit}, you can pass the \hgxopt{mq}{qinit}{-c} option to |
16
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1040 create the \sdirname{.hg/patches} directory as a Mercurial repository. |
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1041 |
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1042 \begin{note} |
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1043 If you forget to use the \hgxopt{mq}{qinit}{-c} option, you can simply go |
16
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1044 into the \sdirname{.hg/patches} directory at any time and run |
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1045 \hgcmd{init}. Don't forget to add an entry for the |
17
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1046 \sfilename{status} file to the \sfilename{.hgignore} file, though |
104
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1047 |
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1048 (\hgcmdargs{qinit}{\hgxopt{mq}{qinit}{-c}} does this for you |
17
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1049 automatically); you \emph{really} don't want to manage the |
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1050 \sfilename{status} file. |
16
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1051 \end{note} |
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1052 |
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1053 As a convenience, if MQ notices that the \dirname{.hg/patches} |
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1054 directory is a repository, it will automatically \hgcmd{add} every |
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1055 patch that you create and import. |
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1056 |
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1057 MQ provides a shortcut command, \hgxcmd{mq}{qcommit}, that runs |
16
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1058 \hgcmd{commit} in the \sdirname{.hg/patches} directory. This saves |
283
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1059 some bothersome typing. |
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1060 |
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1061 Finally, as a convenience to manage the patch directory, you can |
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1062 define the alias \command{mq} on Unix systems. For example, on Linux |
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1063 systems using the \command{bash} shell, you can include the following |
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1064 snippet in your \tildefile{.bashrc}. |
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1065 |
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1066 \begin{codesample2} |
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1067 alias mq=`hg -R \$(hg root)/.hg/patches' |
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1068 \end{codesample2} |
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1069 |
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1070 You can then issue commands of the form \cmdargs{mq}{pull} from |
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1071 the main repository. |
16
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1072 |
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1073 %\subsection{A few things to watch out for} |
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1074 \subsection{$B4F;k$7$F$*$/$Y$-$$$/$D$+$NE@(B} |
16
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1075 |
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1076 MQ's support for working with a repository full of patches is limited |
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1077 in a few small respects. |
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1078 |
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1079 MQ cannot automatically detect changes that you make to the patch |
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1080 directory. If you \hgcmd{pull}, manually edit, or \hgcmd{update} |
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1081 changes to patches or the \sfilename{series} file, you will have to |
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1082 \hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}} and then |
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1083 \hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-a}} in the underlying repository to |
17
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1084 see those changes show up there. If you forget to do this, you can |
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1085 confuse MQ's idea of which patches are applied. |
16
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1086 |
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1087 %\section{Third party tools for working with patches} |
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1088 \section{$B%Q%C%A8~$1%5!<%I%Q!<%F%#%D!<%k(B} |
19
187702df428b
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1089 \label{sec:mq:tools} |
16
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1090 |
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1091 Once you've been working with patches for a while, you'll find |
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1092 yourself hungry for tools that will help you to understand and |
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1093 manipulate the patches you're dealing with. |
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1094 |
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1095 The \command{diffstat} command~\cite{web:diffstat} generates a |
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1096 histogram of the modifications made to each file in a patch. It |
18
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1097 provides a good way to ``get a sense of'' a patch---which files it |
16
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1098 affects, and how much change it introduces to each file and as a |
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1099 whole. (I find that it's a good idea to use \command{diffstat}'s |
241
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1100 \cmdopt{diffstat}{-p} option as a matter of course, as otherwise it |
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1101 will try to do clever things with prefixes of file names that |
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1102 inevitably confuse at least me.) |
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1103 |
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1104 \begin{figure}[ht] |
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1105 \interaction{mq.tools.tools} |
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1106 \caption{The \command{diffstat}, \command{filterdiff}, and \command{lsdiff} commands} |
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1107 \label{ex:mq:tools} |
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1108 \end{figure} |
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1109 |
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1110 The \package{patchutils} package~\cite{web:patchutils} is invaluable. |
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1111 It provides a set of small utilities that follow the ``Unix |
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1112 philosophy;'' each does one useful thing with a patch. The |
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1113 \package{patchutils} command I use most is \command{filterdiff}, which |
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1114 extracts subsets from a patch file. For example, given a patch that |
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1115 modifies hundreds of files across dozens of directories, a single |
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1116 invocation of \command{filterdiff} can generate a smaller patch that |
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1117 only touches files whose names match a particular glob pattern. See |
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1118 section~\ref{mq-collab:tips:interdiff} for another example. |
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1119 |
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1120 %\section{Good ways to work with patches} |
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1121 \section{$B9%$^$7$$%Q%C%A<h$j07$$J}K!(B} |
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1122 |
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1123 Whether you are working on a patch series to submit to a free software |
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1124 or open source project, or a series that you intend to treat as a |
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1125 sequence of regular changesets when you're done, you can use some |
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1126 simple techniques to keep your work well organised. |
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1127 |
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1128 Give your patches descriptive names. A good name for a patch might be |
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1129 \filename{rework-device-alloc.patch}, because it will immediately give |
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1130 you a hint what the purpose of the patch is. Long names shouldn't be |
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1131 a problem; you won't be typing the names often, but you \emph{will} be |
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1132 running commands like \hgxcmd{mq}{qapplied} and \hgxcmd{mq}{qtop} over and over. |
19
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1133 Good naming becomes especially important when you have a number of |
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1134 patches to work with, or if you are juggling a number of different |
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1135 tasks and your patches only get a fraction of your attention. |
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1136 |
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1137 Be aware of what patch you're working on. Use the \hgxcmd{mq}{qtop} |
19
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1138 command and skim over the text of your patches frequently---for |
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1139 example, using \hgcmdargs{tip}{\hgopt{tip}{-p}})---to be sure of where |
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1140 you stand. I have several times worked on and \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}ed a |
19
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1141 patch other than the one I intended, and it's often tricky to migrate |
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1142 changes into the right patch after making them in the wrong one. |
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1143 |
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1144 For this reason, it is very much worth investing a little time to |
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1145 learn how to use some of the third-party tools I described in |
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1146 section~\ref{sec:mq:tools}, particularly \command{diffstat} and |
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1147 \command{filterdiff}. The former will give you a quick idea of what |
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1148 changes your patch is making, while the latter makes it easy to splice |
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1149 hunks selectively out of one patch and into another. |
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1150 |
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1151 %\section{MQ cookbook} |
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1152 \section{MQ$B%/%C%/%V%C%/(B} |
19
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1153 |
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1154 %\subsection{Manage ``trivial'' patches} |
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1155 \subsection{``$B%H%j%S%"%k(B''$B$J%Q%C%A$N4IM}(B} |
19
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1156 |
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1157 Because the overhead of dropping files into a new Mercurial repository |
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1158 is so low, it makes a lot of sense to manage patches this way even if |
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1159 you simply want to make a few changes to a source tarball that you |
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1160 downloaded. |
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1161 |
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1162 Begin by downloading and unpacking the source tarball, |
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1163 and turning it into a Mercurial repository. |
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1164 \interaction{mq.tarball.download} |
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1165 |
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1166 Continue by creating a patch stack and making your changes. |
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1167 \interaction{mq.tarball.qinit} |
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1168 |
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1169 Let's say a few weeks or months pass, and your package author releases |
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1170 a new version. First, bring their changes into the repository. |
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1171 \interaction{mq.tarball.newsource} |
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1172 The pipeline starting with \hgcmd{locate} above deletes all files in |
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1173 the working directory, so that \hgcmd{commit}'s |
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1174 \hgopt{commit}{--addremove} option can actually tell which files have |
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1175 really been removed in the newer version of the source. |
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1176 |
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1177 Finally, you can apply your patches on top of the new tree. |
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1178 \interaction{mq.tarball.repush} |
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1179 |
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1180 %\subsection{Combining entire patches} |
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1181 \subsection{$B%Q%C%AF1;N$r7k9g$9$k(B} |
19
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1182 \label{sec:mq:combine} |
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1183 |
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1184 MQ provides a command, \hgxcmd{mq}{qfold} that lets you combine entire |
55 | 1185 patches. This ``folds'' the patches you name, in the order you name |
1186 them, into the topmost applied patch, and concatenates their | |
1187 descriptions onto the end of its description. The patches that you | |
1188 fold must be unapplied before you fold them. | |
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1189 |
55 | 1190 The order in which you fold patches matters. If your topmost applied |
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1191 patch is \texttt{foo}, and you \hgxcmd{mq}{qfold} \texttt{bar} and |
55 | 1192 \texttt{quux} into it, you will end up with a patch that has the same |
1193 effect as if you applied first \texttt{foo}, then \texttt{bar}, | |
1194 followed by \texttt{quux}. | |
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1195 |
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1196 %\subsection{Merging part of one patch into another} |
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1197 \subsection{$B%Q%C%A$N0lItJ,$rJL$N%Q%C%A$X%^!<%8$9$k(B} |
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1198 |
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1199 Merging \emph{part} of one patch into another is more difficult than |
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1200 combining entire patches. |
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1201 |
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1202 If you want to move changes to entire files, you can use |
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1203 \command{filterdiff}'s \cmdopt{filterdiff}{-i} and |
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1204 \cmdopt{filterdiff}{-x} options to choose the modifications to snip |
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1205 out of one patch, concatenating its output onto the end of the patch |
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1206 you want to merge into. You usually won't need to modify the patch |
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1207 you've merged the changes from. Instead, MQ will report some rejected |
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1208 hunks when you \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} it (from the hunks you moved into the |
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1209 other patch), and you can simply \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} the patch to drop |
19
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1210 the duplicate hunks. |
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1211 |
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1212 If you have a patch that has multiple hunks modifying a file, and you |
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1213 only want to move a few of those hunks, the job becomes more messy, |
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1214 but you can still partly automate it. Use \cmdargs{lsdiff}{-nvv} to |
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1215 print some metadata about the patch. |
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1216 \interaction{mq.tools.lsdiff} |
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1217 |
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1218 This command prints three different kinds of number: |
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1219 \begin{itemize} |
26 | 1220 \item (in the first column) a \emph{file number} to identify each file |
1221 modified in the patch; | |
1222 \item (on the next line, indented) the line number within a modified | |
1223 file where a hunk starts; and | |
1224 \item (on the same line) a \emph{hunk number} to identify that hunk. | |
19
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1225 \end{itemize} |
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1226 |
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1227 You'll have to use some visual inspection, and reading of the patch, |
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1228 to identify the file and hunk numbers you'll want, but you can then |
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1229 pass them to to \command{filterdiff}'s \cmdopt{filterdiff}{--files} |
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1230 and \cmdopt{filterdiff}{--hunks} options, to select exactly the file |
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1231 and hunk you want to extract. |
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1232 |
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1233 Once you have this hunk, you can concatenate it onto the end of your |
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1234 destination patch and continue with the remainder of |
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1235 section~\ref{sec:mq:combine}. |
26 | 1236 |
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1237 %\section{Differences between quilt and MQ} |
325 | 1238 \section{quilt$B$H(BMQ$B$N0c$$(B} |
26 | 1239 |
325 | 1240 %If you are already familiar with quilt, MQ provides a similar command |
1241 %set. There are a few differences in the way that it works. | |
1242 | |
1243 $B$9$G$K(Bquilt$B$KFk@w$s$G$$$k%f!<%6$N$?$a$K!$(BMQ$B$OF1MM$N%3%^%s%I%;%C%H$rMQ0U(B | |
1244 $B$7$F$$$k!%%3%^%s%I$N5sF0$K$O2?E@$+0c$$$,$"$k!%(B | |
26 | 1245 |
325 | 1246 %You will already have noticed that most quilt commands have MQ |
1247 %counterparts that simply begin with a ``\texttt{q}''. The exceptions | |
1248 %are quilt's \texttt{add} and \texttt{remove} commands, the | |
1249 %counterparts for which are the normal Mercurial \hgcmd{add} and | |
1250 %\hgcmd{remove} commands. There is no MQ equivalent of the quilt | |
1251 %\texttt{edit} command. | |
1252 | |
1253 $B$9$G$K$[$H$s$I$N(Bquilt$B%3%^%s%I$K$O!$BP1~$9$k(B``\texttt{q}''$B$G;O$^$k(BMQ$B%3%^%s(B | |
1254 $B%I$,$"$k$3$H$K5$$E$$$F$$$k$3$H$H;W$&!%Nc30$O!$(Bquilt$B$N(B\texttt{add}$B%3%^%s%I(B | |
1255 $B$H(B\texttt{remove}$B%3%^%s%I$G!$$3$l$i$K$O$=$l$>$lDL>o$N(BMercurial$B%3%^%s%I$N(B | |
1256 \hgcmd{add}$B$H(B\hgcmd{remove}$B$,BP1~$9$k!%$^$?!$(Bquilt$B$N(B\texttt{edit}$B%3%^%s%I(B | |
1257 $B$KBP1~$9$k(BMQ$B%3%^%s%I$O$J$$!%(B | |
1258 | |
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1259 |
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1260 %%% Local Variables: |
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1261 %%% mode: yatex |
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1262 %%% TeX-master: "00book" |
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1263 %%% End: |