Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/encoding.html @ 8310:171c99ff2649
.depend should be ignored.
author | diego |
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date | Thu, 28 Nov 2002 23:14:48 +0000 |
parents | 352b654c7787 |
children | 3f6029569733 |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> |
2674 | 2 <HTML> |
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3 |
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4 <HEAD> |
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5 <TITLE>Encoding - MEncoder - The Movie Encoder for Linux</TITLE> |
6391 | 6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css"> |
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> |
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8 </HEAD> |
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9 |
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10 <BODY> |
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12 | |
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13 <H2><A NAME="encoding">2.4 Encoding with MEncoder</A></H2> |
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15 <P>For the complete list of available MEncoder options and examples, please see |
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16 the man page.</P> |
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18 <H3><A NAME="2pass">2.4.1 Encoding 2 or 3-pass DivX4</A></H3> |
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19 |
6960 | 20 <P><U><B>2-pass encoding:</B></U> the name comes from the fact that this method |
21 encodes the file <I>twice</I>. The first encoding (dubbed <I>pass</I>) | |
22 creates some temporary files (*.log) with a size of few megabytes, do not | |
23 delete them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the 2-pass | |
24 output file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The | |
25 resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first time | |
26 you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the | |
27 Net.</P> | |
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28 |
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29 <P>This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass DivX4 AVI. Just two |
6960 | 30 commands are needed:<BR> |
31 <CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, which | |
32 can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current | |
33 one)<BR> | |
7640 | 34 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts |
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35 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi<BR> |
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36 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts |
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37 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi</CODE></P> |
4397 | 38 |
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39 <P><U><B>3-pass encoding:</B></U> this is an extension of 2-pass encoding, |
4397 | 40 where the audio encoding takes place in a separate pass. This method enables |
41 estimation of recommended video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the | |
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42 audio is encoded only once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics:</P> |
4397 | 43 |
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44 <OL> |
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45 <LI>Remove conflicting temporary file: |
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46 <P><CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></P></LI> |
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47 <LI>First pass: |
7640 | 48 <P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3:more_options -o frameno.avi</CODE></P> |
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49 <P>An audio-only avi file will be created, containing |
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50 <B>only</B> the requested audio stream. Don't forget <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>, |
7814 | 51 if you need to set it. If you were encoding a long movie, MEncoder |
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52 prints the recommended bitrate values for 650Mb, 700Mb, and 800Mb |
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53 destination sizes, after this pass finishes.</P></LI> |
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54 <LI>Second pass: |
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55 <P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy |
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56 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:vbitrate=<bitrate></CODE></P> |
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57 <P>Alias the first pass of DivX4 video encoding. |
7814 | 58 Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of |
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59 the previous pass.</P></LI> |
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60 <LI>Third pass: |
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61 <P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy |
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62 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:vbitrate=<bitrate></CODE></P> |
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63 <P>Alias the second pass of DivX4 video encoding. |
7814 | 64 Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of |
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65 the previous pass. In this pass, audio from <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE> will |
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66 be inserted into the destination file.. and it's all ready!</P></LI> |
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67 </OL> |
4397 | 68 |
7047 | 69 <H4>Example for 3-pass encoding:</H4> |
4397 | 70 |
71 <P><CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, | |
72 which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current | |
73 one)<BR> | |
6960 | 74 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno |
7640 | 75 -o frameno.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3:more_options<BR> |
76 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc | |
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77 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi<BR> |
7640 | 78 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc |
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79 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi</CODE></P> |
4397 | 80 |
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81 <P><U><B>2 or 3-pass encoding using internal libavcodec controller:</B></U> |
6960 | 82 Optionally you can use libavcodec's internal 2 or 3-pass mode, it may give |
83 you better final rate accuracy than using the external, DivX4-inspired 2-pass | |
84 rate controler with libavcodec.</P> | |
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85 |
5811 | 86 <UL> |
6960 | 87 <LI><B>2-pass encoding:</B><BR> |
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88 <CODE> |
6960 | 89 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 (audio-options) -o |
90 movie.avi<BR> | |
91 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 (audio-options) -o | |
92 movie.avi</CODE></LI> | |
93 <LI><B>3-pass encoding:</B><BR> | |
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94 <CODE>rm -f frameno.avi<BR> |
6960 | 95 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno (audio-options) -o frameno.avi<BR> |
96 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o | |
97 movie.avi<BR> | |
98 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o | |
99 movie.avi</CODE></LI> | |
5811 | 100 </UL> |
2868 | 101 |
6974 | 102 |
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103 <H3><A NAME="rescaling">2.4.2 Rescaling movies</A></H3> |
3438 | 104 |
8260 | 105 <P>Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be |
106 many: decreasing file size, network bandwidth, etc. Most people | |
107 even do rescaling when converting DVDs or SVCDs to DivX AVI. <B>This is bad.</B> | |
108 Instead of even you doing so, read the <A HREF="#aspect">Preserving | |
109 aspect ratio</A> section.</P> | |
3438 | 110 |
5968 | 111 <P>The scaling process is handled by the <I>'scale'</I> video filter: |
8260 | 112 <CODE>-vop scale=widht:height</CODE>. Its quality can be set with the |
7814 | 113 <CODE>-sws</CODE> option. If it's not specified, MEncoder will use 0: |
5968 | 114 fast bilinear.</P> |
3438 | 115 |
8260 | 116 <H5>Usage:</H5> |
117 | |
118 <P><CODE> mencoder input.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts | |
119 vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -vop scale=640:480 -oac copy -o | |
120 output.avi</CODE></P> | |
3438 | 121 |
4680 | 122 |
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123 <H3><A NAME="copying">2.4.3 Stream copying</A></H3> |
2868 | 124 |
7814 | 125 <P>MEncoder can handle input streams in two ways: <B>encode</B> or |
3438 | 126 <B>copy</B> them. This section is about <B>copying</B>.</P> |
2868 | 127 |
3438 | 128 <UL> |
6960 | 129 <LI><B>Video stream</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): nice stuff can be |
130 done :)<BR> | |
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131 Like, putting (not converting) FLI or VIVO or MPEG1 video into |
7814 | 132 an AVI file. Of course only MPlayer can play such files :) And it |
6960 | 133 probably has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying |
134 can be useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded | |
135 (like, uncompressed PCM to MP3).</LI> | |
3438 | 136 |
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137 <LI><B>Audio stream</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): straightforward. |
6960 | 138 It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, Vorbis) and mux it |
139 into the output stream. Use the <CODE>-audiofile <filename></CODE> | |
140 option for this.</LI> | |
3438 | 141 </UL> |
142 | |
4680 | 143 |
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144 <H3><A NAME="fixing">2.4.4 Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</A></H3> |
3583 | 145 |
146 <P>Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and | |
7814 | 147 MEncoder generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs |
6960 | 148 in the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken |
149 interleaving, thus the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option won't be needed for them | |
150 anymore.</P> | |
3583 | 151 |
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152 <P>Command: <CODE>mencoder -idx input.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
3583 | 153 |
3721 | 154 |
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155 <H3><A NAME="libavcodec">2.4.5 Encoding with the libavcodec codec family</A></H3> |
3721 | 156 |
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157 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> provides simple encoding to a |
6960 | 158 lot of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are |
159 unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs:</P> | |
3721 | 160 |
161 <UL> | |
162 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI> | |
3774 | 163 <LI>h263 - H263</LI> |
3721 | 164 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI> |
165 <LI>mpeg4 - DivX4</LI> | |
166 <LI>msmpeg4 - the old DivX</LI> | |
5973 | 167 <LI>msmpeg4v2 - Micro$oft MPEG4 V2 (DivX alias MP43 predecessor)</LI> |
3721 | 168 <LI>rv10 - an old RealVideo codec</LI> |
169 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI> | |
170 </UL> | |
171 | |
172 <P>The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the | |
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173 <CODE>vcodec</CODE> config, like: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P> |
3721 | 174 |
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175 <P>An example, with MJPEG compression:<BR> |
6960 | 176 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc |
7640 | 177 -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -oac copy</CODE></P> |
3912 | 178 |
4680 | 179 |
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180 <H3><A NAME="image_files">2.4.6 Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs, PNGs or TGAs)</A></H3> |
4919 | 181 |
7814 | 182 <P>MEncoder is capable of creating movies from one or more JPEG, PNG or TGA |
7366 | 183 files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG |
184 (Motion PNG) or MTGA (Motion TGA) files.</P> | |
4919 | 185 |
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186 Explanation of the process: |
4919 | 187 |
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188 <OL> |
7814 | 189 <LI>MEncoder <I>decodes</I> the input image(s) with |
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190 <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> (when decoding PNGs, it will use <B>libpng</B>).</LI> |
4919 | 191 |
7814 | 192 <LI>MEncoder then feeds the decoded image to the chosen video compressor |
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193 (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...). Watch for the PNG decoder, as |
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194 currently it can output only to RGB formats, thus can't be used with codecs |
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195 that require YUV as input, like DivX4 or ffmpeg's msmpeg4.</LI> |
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196 </OL> |
4919 | 197 |
7047 | 198 <H4>Examples</H4> |
4919 | 199 |
200 <P>The explanation of the <CODE>-mf</CODE> option can be found below in the | |
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201 global <A HREF="#options">Options</A> section and in the man page.</P> |
4919 | 202 |
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203 <P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
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204 <CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 |
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205 -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
4919 | 206 |
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207 <P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from some JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
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208 <CODE>mencoder frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 |
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209 -ovc divx4 -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
5378 | 210 |
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211 <P><I>Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
4919 | 212 <CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy |
7640 | 213 -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
4919 | 214 |
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215 <P><I>Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
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216 <CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw |
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217 -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
4919 | 218 |
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219 <P><I>Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
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220 <CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy |
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221 -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
4919 | 222 |
7366 | 223 <P><I>Creating a Motion TGA (MTGA) file from all the TGA files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
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224 <CODE>mencoder \*.tga -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy |
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225 -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
7366 | 226 |
4919 | 227 |
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228 <H3><A NAME="vobsub">2.4.7 Extracting DVD subtitles to a Vobsub file</A></H3> |
6711 | 229 |
7814 | 230 <P>MEncoder is capable of extracting subtitles from a DVD into |
6960 | 231 Vobsub fomat files. They consist of a pair of files ending in |
232 <CODE>.idx</CODE> and <CODE>.sub</CODE> and are usually packaged in a single | |
7814 | 233 <CODE>.rar</CODE> archive. MPlayer can play these with the |
6960 | 234 <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> and <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> options.</P> |
6711 | 235 |
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236 <P>You specify the basename (i.e without the <CODE>.idx</CODE> or |
6960 | 237 <CODE>.sub</CODE> extension) of the output files with <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE> |
238 and the index for this subtitle in the resulting files with | |
239 <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P> | |
6711 | 240 |
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241 <P>If the input is not from a DVD you should use <CODE>-ifo</CODE> to |
6960 | 242 indicate the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> file needed to construct the resulting |
243 <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P> | |
6711 | 244 |
6960 | 245 <P>If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> |
246 file you will need to use the <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> option to let it know | |
247 what language id to put in the <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P> | |
6711 | 248 |
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249 <P>Each run will append the running subtitle if the <CODE>.idx</CODE> and |
6960 | 250 <CODE>.sub</CODE> files already exist. So you should remove any before |
251 starting.</P> | |
6711 | 252 |
7047 | 253 <H4>Examples</H4> |
6711 | 254 |
255 <P><I>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing 3-pass encoding</I><BR> | |
6960 | 256 <CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR> |
257 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 | |
7640 | 258 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3</CODE><BR> |
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259 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=1</CODE><BR> |
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260 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=2 -vobsubout |
6960 | 261 subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P> |
6711 | 262 |
263 <P><I>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</I><BR> | |
6960 | 264 <CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR> |
265 <CODE>mencoder movie.mpg -ifo movie.ifo -vobsubout subtitles | |
266 -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P> | |
6711 | 267 |
7047 | 268 |
8260 | 269 <H3><A NAME="aspect">2.4.8 Preserving aspect ratio</A></H3> |
270 | |
271 <P>DVDs and SVCDs (i.e. MPEG1/2) files contain an aspect ratio value, | |
272 which describes how should the player scale the video stream, so humans | |
273 won't have egg heads (ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding | |
274 to AVI (DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers don't store this | |
275 value. Rescaling the movie is disgusting and time consuming, there | |
276 must be a better feature!</P> | |
277 | |
278 <P>There is.</P> | |
279 | |
280 <P>MPEG4 has an unique feature: the video stream can contain | |
281 its needed aspect ratio. Yes, just like MPEG1/2 files (DVD, SVCD). | |
282 Regretfully, there are <U>no</U> video players outside which support this | |
283 attribute. Except MPlayer.</P> | |
284 | |
285 <P>This feature can be used only with <B>libavcodec</B>'s <CODE>mpeg4</CODE> | |
286 codec. Keep in mind: although MPlayer will correctly play the created file, | |
287 other players will use the wrong aspect ratio.</P> | |
288 | |
289 <P>You seriously should crop the black bands over and below the movie image. | |
290 See TODO.</P> | |
291 | |
292 <H5>Usage:</H5> | |
293 | |
294 <P><CODE>$ mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts | |
295 vcodec=mpeg4:aspect=16.0/9.0 -vop crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> | |
296 | |
2674 | 297 </BODY> |
298 </HTML> |