Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/encoding.html @ 7047:4f87cd0f642f
Converted the docs to use proper headings tags.
Headings start at <H1> for sections and decrease one size for each level in
the section hierarchy, thus 2.3.4 is <H3>. Headings without numbering are
<H4> unless they are in a <H5> section, then <H5> also.
| author | diego |
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| date | Tue, 20 Aug 2002 00:33:04 +0000 |
| parents | ba9c212ed577 |
| children | c214aa9110d0 |
| rev | line source |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> |
| 2674 | 2 <HTML> |
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3 |
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4 <HEAD> |
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5 <TITLE>Encoding - MEncoder - The Movie Encoder for Linux</TITLE> |
| 6391 | 6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css"> |
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> |
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8 </HEAD> |
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9 |
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10 <BODY> |
| 2674 | 11 |
| 12 | |
| 7047 | 13 <<H2>><A NAME="encoding">2.4 Encoding with MEncoder</A></<H2>> |
| 2674 | 14 |
| 6974 | 15 |
| 7047 | 16 <H3><A NAME="overview">2.4.1 Overview</A></H3> |
| 3721 | 17 |
| 2674 | 18 <P><B>MEncoder</B> (<B>MPlayer</B>'s Movie Encoder) is a simple movie encoder, |
| 6960 | 19 designed to encode MPlayer-playable movies |
| 20 (<B>AVI/ASF/OGG/DVD/VCD/VOB/MPG/MOV/VIV/FLI/RM/NUV/NET</B>) to other | |
| 21 MPlayer-playable formats (see below). It can encode with various codecs, like | |
| 22 <B>DivX4</B> (1 or 2 passes), libavcodec, | |
| 23 <B>PCM</B>/<B>MP3</B>/<B>VBR MP3</B> audio. Also has powerful plugin system | |
| 24 for video manipulation.</P> | |
| 2674 | 25 |
| 6974 | 26 |
| 7047 | 27 <H3><A NAME="compilation">2.4.2 Compilation</A></H3> |
| 3721 | 28 |
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29 <UL> |
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30 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - read <B>MPlayer</B>'s compilation instruction.</LI> |
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31 <LI><B>OPTIONAL (LINUX ONLY)</B> - download the newest <B>DivX4linux</B> libs |
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32 from <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/download.htm">avifile.sourceforge.net</A>, |
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33 and have them PROPERLY installed. You need them if you want DivX4 |
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34 (1/2 pass) encoding.</LI> |
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35 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <A HREF="codecs.html#xvid">download and install |
| 6583 | 36 <B>XViD</B></A>. Not very useful, libavcodec's <I>mpeg4</I> codec |
| 37 can encode with much better speed AND quality than XViD or DivX4/5.</LI> | |
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38 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - for libavcodec support, install libavcodec as |
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39 described in the <A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec section</A>.</LI> |
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40 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - download and compile <B>libmp3lame</B> (from lame 3.89beta or lame CVS).<BR> |
| 6575 | 41 <B>WARNING: DO NOT COMPILE LAME < 3.90 WITH <U>GCC 2.96</U>! It won't |
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42 work properly!</B><BR> |
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43 This |
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44 is needed for CBR/VBR MP3 audio encoding ability. Note that a single |
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45 <CODE>lame</CODE> binary isn't sufficient. BTW: the less optimization |
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46 you use for lame, the better the quality will be. You can test |
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47 quality by running <CODE>make test</CODE> after lame's compiling process |
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48 is over. The resulting number should be less than <B>30</B>. Don't |
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49 panic if it's <B>400</B> or so, you shouldn't heard any audible |
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50 quality decrease. Oh, and if your compiler doesn't even run <CODE>make test</CODE> ... |
| 6575 | 51 Well, delete that <B>GCC 2.96</B> or upgrade lame to at least <B>3.90</B>.</LI> |
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52 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> and <CODE>libpng</CODE> - |
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53 as described in the <A HREF="documentation.html#installation">Installation</A> |
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54 section</LI> |
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55 </UL> |
| 2674 | 56 |
| 57 <P>You are ready. As you probably know, other encoding tools need the | |
| 6960 | 58 <I>avifile</I> library installed. <B>MEncoder</B> doesn't need it at all.</P> |
| 2674 | 59 |
| 6974 | 60 |
| 7047 | 61 <H3><A NAME="features">2.4.3 MEncoder features</A></H3> |
| 3721 | 62 |
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63 <UL> |
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64 <LI>encoding from the wide range of fileformats and decoders of <B>MPlayer</B></LI> |
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65 <LI>encoding to all the codecs of ffmpeg's |
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66 <A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A></LI> |
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67 <LI>video encoding from <B>V4L compatible TV tuners</B></LI> |
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68 <LI>encoding/multiplexing to interleaved AVI files with proper index</LI> |
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69 <LI>creating files from external audio stream</LI> |
| 7001 | 70 <LI>1, 2 or 3 pass encoding</LI> |
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71 <LI><B>VBR</B> MP3 audio - <B>IMPORTANT NOTE:</B> VBR MP3 audio doesn't |
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72 always play nicely on windows players! On the other hand, currently |
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73 <B>MEncoder</B>'s CBR encoding is totally broken on win32 players :)</LI> |
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74 <LI>PCM audio</LI> |
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75 <LI>stream copying</LI> |
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76 <LI>input A/V synchronizing (PTS-based, can be disabled with -mc 0 option)</LI> |
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77 <LI>FPS correction with <CODE>-ofps</CODE> option (useful when encoding |
| 6960 | 78 29.97fps VOB to 24fps AVI)</LI> |
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79 <LI>using our very powerful plugin system (crop, expand, flip, postprocess, |
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80 rotate, scale, rgb/yuv conversion)</LI> |
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81 <LI>can encode DVD/VOBsub <B>AND</B> text subtitles into the output file</LI> |
| 6711 | 82 <LI>can rip DVD subtitles to Vobsub format</LI> |
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83 </UL> |
| 2674 | 84 |
| 7047 | 85 <H4>Planned features:</H4> |
| 86 | |
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87 <UL> |
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88 <LI>even wider variety of available en/decoding formats/codecs |
| 6960 | 89 (creating VOB files with DivX4/Indeo5/VIVO streams :)</LI> |
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90 <LI>audio encoding from v4l (DONE for FreeBSD ?)</LI> |
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91 </UL> |
| 2674 | 92 |
| 6974 | 93 |
| 7047 | 94 <H4><A NAME="2pass">2.4.3.1 Encoding 2 or 3-pass DivX4</A></H4> |
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95 |
| 6960 | 96 <P><U><B>2-pass encoding:</B></U> the name comes from the fact that this method |
| 97 encodes the file <I>twice</I>. The first encoding (dubbed <I>pass</I>) | |
| 98 creates some temporary files (*.log) with a size of few megabytes, do not | |
| 99 delete them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the 2-pass | |
| 100 output file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The | |
| 101 resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first time | |
| 102 you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the | |
| 103 Net.</P> | |
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104 |
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105 <P>This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass DivX4 AVI. Just two |
| 6960 | 106 commands are needed:<BR> |
| 107 <CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, which | |
| 108 can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current | |
| 109 one)<BR> | |
| 110 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts | |
| 111 -vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR> | |
| 112 mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options | |
| 113 -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P> | |
| 4397 | 114 |
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115 <P><U><B>3-pass encoding:</B></U> this is an extension of 2-pass encoding, |
| 4397 | 116 where the audio encoding takes place in a separate pass. This method enables |
| 117 estimation of recommended video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the | |
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118 audio is encoded only once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics:</P> |
| 4397 | 119 |
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120 <TABLE> |
| 6974 | 121 <TR> |
| 122 <TD><CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></TD> | |
| 123 <TD><B>remove conflicting temporary file</B></TD> | |
| 124 </TR> | |
| 125 <TR> | |
| 126 <TD><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -ovc frameno -o | |
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127 frameno.avi</CODE></TD> |
| 6974 | 128 <TD><B><U>First pass:</U> an audio-only avi file will be created, containing |
| 129 ONLY the requested audio stream. Don't forget <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>, if | |
| 130 you need to set it. If you were encoding a long movie, MEncoder prints | |
| 131 the recommended bitrate values for 650Mb, 700Mb, and 800Mb destination | |
| 132 sizes, after this pass finishes.</B></TD> | |
| 133 </TR> | |
| 134 <TR> | |
| 135 <TD><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy -pass 1 | |
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136 -ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=<bitrate></CODE></TD> |
| 6974 | 137 <TD><B><U>Second pass:</U> alias the first pass of DivX4 video encoding. |
| 138 Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of the | |
| 139 previous pass.</B></TD> | |
| 140 </TR> | |
| 141 <TR> | |
| 142 <TD><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy -pass 2 | |
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143 -ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=<bitrate></CODE></TD> |
| 6974 | 144 <TD><B><U>Third pass:</U> alias the second pass of DivX4 video encoding. |
| 145 Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of the | |
| 146 previous pass. In this pass, audio from <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE> will be | |
| 147 inserted into the destination file.. and it's all ready!</B></TD> | |
| 148 </TR> | |
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149 </TABLE> |
| 4397 | 150 |
| 7047 | 151 <H4>Example for 3-pass encoding:</H4> |
| 4397 | 152 |
| 153 <P><CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, | |
| 154 which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current | |
| 155 one)<BR> | |
| 6960 | 156 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno |
| 157 -o frameno.avi<BR> | |
| 158 mencoder -dvd 2 | |
| 159 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR> | |
| 160 mencoder -dvd 2 | |
| 6974 | 161 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P> |
| 4397 | 162 |
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163 <P><U><B>2 or 3-pass encoding using internal libavcodec controller:</B></U> |
| 6960 | 164 Optionally you can use libavcodec's internal 2 or 3-pass mode, it may give |
| 165 you better final rate accuracy than using the external, DivX4-inspired 2-pass | |
| 166 rate controler with libavcodec.</P> | |
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167 |
| 5811 | 168 <UL> |
| 6960 | 169 <LI><B>2-pass encoding:</B><BR> |
| 170 <CODE>rm -f lavc_stats.txt<BR> | |
| 171 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 (audio-options) -o | |
| 172 movie.avi<BR> | |
| 173 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 (audio-options) -o | |
| 174 movie.avi</CODE></LI> | |
| 175 <LI><B>3-pass encoding:</B><BR> | |
| 176 <CODE>rm -f frameno.avi lavc_stats.txt<BR> | |
| 177 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno (audio-options) -o frameno.avi<BR> | |
| 178 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o | |
| 179 movie.avi<BR> | |
| 180 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o | |
| 181 movie.avi</CODE></LI> | |
| 5811 | 182 </UL> |
| 2868 | 183 |
| 6974 | 184 |
| 7047 | 185 <H4><A NAME="rescaling">2.4.3.2 Rescaling movies</A></H4> |
| 3438 | 186 |
| 187 <P>Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be many, | |
| 188 examples are decreasing output file size, encoding SVCDs to DivX. Ripped DVDs | |
| 189 are mostly rescaled, for example a 4:3 DVD should be 640x480, especially | |
| 190 when you want it to fit to 1 CD, and have good quality at the same time. | |
| 191 SVCDs have 480x480 size, and their header contains the aspect ratio the | |
| 192 player should use (Ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding to | |
| 193 AVI (DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers don't store this | |
| 194 value. Thus, the only solution is rescaling.</P> | |
| 195 | |
| 5968 | 196 <P>The scaling process is handled by the <I>'scale'</I> video filter: |
| 197 <CODE>-vop scale=X:Y</CODE>. Its quality can be set with the | |
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198 <CODE>-sws</CODE> option. If it's not specified, <B>MEncoder</B> will use 0: |
| 5968 | 199 fast bilinear.</P> |
| 3438 | 200 |
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201 <P>Usage:<BR> |
| 6960 | 202 <CODE> mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -lavcopts |
| 203 vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -vop scale=640:480 -sws 2 -o | |
| 204 output.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 3438 | 205 |
| 4680 | 206 |
| 7047 | 207 <H4><A NAME="copying">2.4.3.3 Stream copying</A></H4> |
| 2868 | 208 |
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209 <P><B>MEncoder</B> can handle input streams in two ways: <B>encode</B> or |
| 3438 | 210 <B>copy</B> them. This section is about <B>copying</B>.</P> |
| 2868 | 211 |
| 3438 | 212 <UL> |
| 6960 | 213 <LI><B>Video stream</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): nice stuff can be |
| 214 done :)<BR> | |
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215 Like, putting (not converting) FLI or VIVO or MPEG1 video into |
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216 an AVI file. Of course only <B>MPlayer</B> can play such files :) And it |
| 6960 | 217 probably has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying |
| 218 can be useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded | |
| 219 (like, uncompressed PCM to MP3).</LI> | |
| 3438 | 220 |
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221 <LI><B>Audio stream</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): straightforward. |
| 6960 | 222 It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, Vorbis) and mux it |
| 223 into the output stream. Use the <CODE>-audiofile <filename></CODE> | |
| 224 option for this.</LI> | |
| 3438 | 225 </UL> |
| 226 | |
| 4680 | 227 |
| 7047 | 228 <H4><A NAME="fixing">2.4.3.4 Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</A></H4> |
| 3583 | 229 |
| 230 <P>Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and | |
| 6960 | 231 <B>MEncoder</B> generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs |
| 232 in the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken | |
| 233 interleaving, thus the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option won't be needed for them | |
| 234 anymore.</P> | |
| 3583 | 235 |
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236 <P>Command: <CODE>mencoder -idx input.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
| 3583 | 237 |
| 3721 | 238 |
| 7047 | 239 <H4><A NAME="libavcodec">2.4.3.5 Encoding with the libavcodec codec family</A></H4> |
| 3721 | 240 |
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241 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> provides simple encoding to a |
| 6960 | 242 lot of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are |
| 243 unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs:</P> | |
| 3721 | 244 |
| 245 <UL> | |
| 246 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI> | |
| 3774 | 247 <LI>h263 - H263</LI> |
| 3721 | 248 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI> |
| 249 <LI>mpeg4 - DivX4</LI> | |
| 250 <LI>msmpeg4 - the old DivX</LI> | |
| 5973 | 251 <LI>msmpeg4v2 - Micro$oft MPEG4 V2 (DivX alias MP43 predecessor)</LI> |
| 3721 | 252 <LI>rv10 - an old RealVideo codec</LI> |
| 253 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI> | |
| 254 </UL> | |
| 255 | |
| 256 <P>The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the | |
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257 <CODE>vcodec</CODE> config, like: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P> |
| 3721 | 258 |
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259 <P>An example, with MJPEG compression:<BR> |
| 6960 | 260 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc |
| 261 -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg</CODE></P> | |
| 3912 | 262 |
| 4680 | 263 |
| 7047 | 264 <H4><A NAME="image_files">2.4.3.6 Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs or PNGs)</A></H4> |
| 4919 | 265 |
| 266 <P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of creating movies from one or more JPEG or PNG | |
| 267 files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG (Motion JPEG) or MPNG | |
| 268 (Motion PNG) files.</P> | |
| 269 | |
| 7047 | 270 <H4>Explanation of the process</H4> |
| 4919 | 271 |
| 5066 | 272 <P><B>MEncoder</B> <I>decodes</I> the input image(s) with <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> |
| 6974 | 273 (when decoding PNGs, it will use <B>libpng</B>).</P> |
| 4919 | 274 |
| 275 <P><B>MEncoder</B> then feeds the decoded image to the chosen video compressor | |
| 276 (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...). Watch for the PNG decoder, as | |
| 277 currently it can output only to RGB formats, thus can't be used with codecs | |
| 278 that require YUV as input, like DivX4 or ffmpeg's msmpeg4.</P> | |
| 279 | |
| 7047 | 280 <H4>Examples</H4> |
| 4919 | 281 |
| 282 <P>The explanation of the <CODE>-mf</CODE> option can be found below in the | |
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283 global <A HREF="#options">Options</A> section and in the man page.</P> |
| 4919 | 284 |
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285 <P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
| 6154 | 286 <CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o |
| 4919 | 287 output.avi</CODE></P> |
| 288 | |
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289 <P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from some JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
| 5378 | 290 <CODE>mencoder frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o |
| 291 output.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 292 | |
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293 <P><I>Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
| 4919 | 294 <CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy |
| 295 -o output.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 296 | |
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297 <P><I>Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
| 4919 | 298 <CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -o |
| 299 output.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 300 | |
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301 <P><I>Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
| 4919 | 302 <CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy |
| 303 -o output.avi</CODE></P> | |
| 304 | |
| 305 | |
| 7047 | 306 <H4><A NAME="vobsub">2.4.3.7 Extracting DVD subtitles to Vobsub file</A></H4> |
| 6711 | 307 |
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308 <P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of extracting subtitles from a DVD into |
| 6960 | 309 Vobsub fomat files. They consist of a pair of files ending in |
| 310 <CODE>.idx</CODE> and <CODE>.sub</CODE> and are usually packaged in a single | |
| 311 <CODE>.rar</CODE> archive. <B>MPlayer</B> can play these with the | |
| 312 <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> and <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> options.</P> | |
| 6711 | 313 |
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314 <P>You specify the basename (i.e without the <CODE>.idx</CODE> or |
| 6960 | 315 <CODE>.sub</CODE> extension) of the output files with <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE> |
| 316 and the index for this subtitle in the resulting files with | |
| 317 <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P> | |
| 6711 | 318 |
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319 <P>If the input is not from a DVD you should use <CODE>-ifo</CODE> to |
| 6960 | 320 indicate the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> file needed to construct the resulting |
| 321 <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P> | |
| 6711 | 322 |
| 6960 | 323 <P>If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> |
| 324 file you will need to use the <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> option to let it know | |
| 325 what language id to put in the <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P> | |
| 6711 | 326 |
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327 <P>Each run will append the running subtitle if the <CODE>.idx</CODE> and |
| 6960 | 328 <CODE>.sub</CODE> files already exist. So you should remove any before |
| 329 starting.</P> | |
| 6711 | 330 |
| 7047 | 331 <H4>Examples</H4> |
| 6711 | 332 |
| 333 <P><I>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing 3-pass encoding</I><BR> | |
| 6960 | 334 <CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR> |
| 335 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 | |
| 336 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno</CODE><BR> | |
| 337 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 1</CODE><BR> | |
| 338 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 2 -vobsubout | |
| 339 subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P> | |
| 6711 | 340 |
| 341 <P><I>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</I><BR> | |
| 6960 | 342 <CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR> |
| 343 <CODE>mencoder movie.mpg -ifo movie.ifo -vobsubout subtitles | |
| 344 -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P> | |
| 6711 | 345 |
| 7047 | 346 |
| 347 <H3><A NAME="options">2.4.4 Options</A></H3> | |
| 4680 | 348 |
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349 <P>For the complete list of available MEncoder options and examples, please |
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350 see the manpage.</P> |
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351 |
| 2674 | 352 </BODY> |
| 353 </HTML> |