annotate DOCS/encoding.html @ 7609:2ac457fb9c8c

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author arpi
date Sun, 06 Oct 2002 01:08:04 +0000
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3
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4 <HEAD>
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5 <TITLE>Encoding - MEncoder - The Movie Encoder for Linux</TITLE>
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css">
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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8 </HEAD>
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9
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10 <BODY>
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12
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13 <H2><A NAME="encoding">2.4 Encoding with MEncoder</A></H2>
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14
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15 <P><B>MEncoder</B> (<B>MPlayer</B>'s Movie Encoder) is a simple movie encoder,
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16 designed to encode MPlayer-playable movies
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17 (<B>AVI/ASF/OGG/DVD/VCD/VOB/MPG/MOV/VIV/FLI/RM/NUV/NET</B>) to other
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18 MPlayer-playable formats (see below). It can encode with various codecs, like
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19 <B>DivX4</B> (1 or 2 passes), libavcodec,
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20 <B>PCM</B>/<B>MP3</B>/<B>VBR MP3</B> audio. Also has powerful plugin system
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21 for video manipulation.</P>
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22
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23
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24 <H3><A NAME="compilation">2.4.1 Compilation</A></H3>
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25
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26 <UL>
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27 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - read <B>MPlayer</B>'s compilation instruction.</LI>
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28 <LI><B>OPTIONAL (LINUX ONLY)</B> - download the newest <B>DivX4linux</B> libs
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29 from <A HREF="http://avifile.sourceforge.net/download.htm">avifile.sourceforge.net</A>,
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30 and have them PROPERLY installed. You need them if you want DivX4
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31 (1/2 pass) encoding.</LI>
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32 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <A HREF="codecs.html#xvid">download and install
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33 <B>XViD</B></A>. Not very useful, libavcodec's <I>mpeg4</I> codec
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34 can encode with much better speed AND quality than XViD or DivX4/5.</LI>
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35 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - for libavcodec support, install libavcodec as
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36 described in the <A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec section</A>.</LI>
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37 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - download and compile <B>libmp3lame</B> (from lame 3.89beta or lame CVS).<BR>
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38 <B>WARNING: DO NOT COMPILE LAME &lt; 3.90 WITH <U>GCC 2.96</U>! It won't
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39 work properly!</B><BR>
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40 This
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41 is needed for CBR/VBR MP3 audio encoding ability. Note that a single
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42 <CODE>lame</CODE> binary isn't sufficient. BTW: the less optimization
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43 you use for lame, the better the quality will be. You can test
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44 quality by running <CODE>make test</CODE> after lame's compiling process
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45 is over. The resulting number should be less than <B>30</B>. Don't
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46 panic if it's <B>400</B> or so, you shouldn't heard any audible
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47 quality decrease. Oh, and if your compiler doesn't even run <CODE>make test</CODE> ...
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48 Well, delete that <B>GCC 2.96</B> or upgrade lame to at least <B>3.90</B>.</LI>
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49 <LI><B>OPTIONAL</B> - <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> and <CODE>libpng</CODE> -
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50 as described in the <A HREF="documentation.html#installation">Installation</A>
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51 section</LI>
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52 </UL>
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53
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54 <P>You are ready. As you probably know, other encoding tools need the
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55 <I>avifile</I> library installed. <B>MEncoder</B> doesn't need it at all.</P>
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56
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57
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58 <H3><A NAME="features">2.4.2 MEncoder features</A></H3>
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59
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60 <UL>
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61 <LI>encoding from the wide range of fileformats and decoders of <B>MPlayer</B></LI>
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62 <LI>encoding to all the codecs of ffmpeg's
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63 <A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A></LI>
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64 <LI>video encoding from <B>V4L compatible TV tuners</B></LI>
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65 <LI>encoding/multiplexing to interleaved AVI files with proper index</LI>
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66 <LI>creating files from external audio stream</LI>
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67 <LI>1, 2 or 3 pass encoding</LI>
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68 <LI><B>VBR</B> MP3 audio - <B>IMPORTANT NOTE:</B> VBR MP3 audio doesn't
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69 always play nicely on Windows players! On the other hand, currently
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70 <B>MEncoder</B>'s CBR encoding is totally broken on Win32 players :)</LI>
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71 <LI>PCM audio</LI>
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72 <LI>stream copying</LI>
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73 <LI>input A/V synchronizing (PTS-based, can be disabled with -mc 0 option)</LI>
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74 <LI>FPS correction with <CODE>-ofps</CODE> option (useful when encoding
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75 29.97fps VOB to 24fps AVI)</LI>
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76 <LI>using our very powerful plugin system (crop, expand, flip, postprocess,
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77 rotate, scale, rgb/yuv conversion)</LI>
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78 <LI>can encode DVD/VOBsub <B>AND</B> text subtitles into the output file</LI>
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79 <LI>can rip DVD subtitles to Vobsub format</LI>
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80 </UL>
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81
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82 <H4>Planned features:</H4>
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83
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84 <UL>
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85 <LI>even wider variety of available en/decoding formats/codecs
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86 (creating VOB files with DivX4/Indeo5/VIVO streams :)</LI>
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87 <LI>audio encoding from v4l (DONE for FreeBSD ?)</LI>
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88 </UL>
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89
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90
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91 <H4><A NAME="2pass">2.4.2.1 Encoding 2 or 3-pass DivX4</A></H4>
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92
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93 <P><U><B>2-pass encoding:</B></U> the name comes from the fact that this method
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94 encodes the file <I>twice</I>. The first encoding (dubbed <I>pass</I>)
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95 creates some temporary files (*.log) with a size of few megabytes, do not
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96 delete them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the 2-pass
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97 output file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The
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98 resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first time
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99 you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the
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100 Net.</P>
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101
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102 <P>This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass DivX4 AVI. Just two
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103 commands are needed:<BR>
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104 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, which
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105 can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current
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106 one)<BR>
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107 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts
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108 -vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
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109 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options
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110 -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P>
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111
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112 <P><U><B>3-pass encoding:</B></U> this is an extension of 2-pass encoding,
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113 where the audio encoding takes place in a separate pass. This method enables
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114 estimation of recommended video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the
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115 audio is encoded only once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics:</P>
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116
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117 <OL>
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118 <LI>Remove conflicting temporary file:
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119 <P><CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></P></LI>
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120 <LI>First pass:
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121 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;file/DVD&gt; -ovc frameno -o frameno.avi</CODE></P>
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122 <P>An audio-only avi file will be created, containing
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123 <B>only</B> the requested audio stream. Don't forget <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>,
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124 if you need to set it. If you were encoding a long movie, <B>MEncoder</B>
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125 prints the recommended bitrate values for 650Mb, 700Mb, and 800Mb
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126 destination sizes, after this pass finishes.</P></LI>
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127 <LI>Second pass:
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128 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;file/DVD&gt; -oac copy -pass 1
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129 -ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=&lt;bitrate&gt;</CODE></P>
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130 <P>Alias the first pass of DivX4 video encoding.
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131 Optionally specify the video bitrate <B>MEncoder</B> printed at the end of
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132 the previous pass.</P></LI>
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133 <LI>Third pass:
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134 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;file/DVD&gt; -oac copy -pass 2
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135 -ovc divx4 -divx4opts br=&lt;bitrate&gt;</CODE></P>
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136 <P>Alias the second pass of DivX4 video encoding.
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137 Optionally specify the video bitrate <B>MEncoder</B> printed at the end of
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138 the previous pass. In this pass, audio from <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE> will
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139 be inserted into the destination file.. and it's all ready!</P></LI>
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140 </OL>
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141
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142 <H4>Example for 3-pass encoding:</H4>
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143
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144 <P><CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file,
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145 which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current
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146 one)<BR>
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147 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno
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148 -o frameno.avi<BR>
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149 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2
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150 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 1<BR>
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151 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2
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152 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -oac copy -o movie.avi -pass 2</CODE></P>
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153
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154 <P><U><B>2 or 3-pass encoding using internal libavcodec controller:</B></U>
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155 Optionally you can use libavcodec's internal 2 or 3-pass mode, it may give
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156 you better final rate accuracy than using the external, DivX4-inspired 2-pass
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157 rate controler with libavcodec.</P>
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158
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159 <UL>
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160 <LI><B>2-pass encoding:</B><BR>
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161 <CODE>rm -f lavc_stats.txt<BR>
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162 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 (audio-options) -o
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163 movie.avi<BR>
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164 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 (audio-options) -o
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165 movie.avi</CODE></LI>
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166 <LI><B>3-pass encoding:</B><BR>
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167 <CODE>rm -f frameno.avi lavc_stats.txt<BR>
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168 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno (audio-options) -o frameno.avi<BR>
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169 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o
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170 movie.avi<BR>
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171 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o
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172 movie.avi</CODE></LI>
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173 </UL>
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174
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175
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176 <H4><A NAME="rescaling">2.4.2.2 Rescaling movies</A></H4>
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177
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178 <P>Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be many,
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179 examples are decreasing output file size, encoding SVCDs to DivX. Ripped DVDs
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180 are mostly rescaled, for example a 4:3 DVD should be 640x480, especially
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181 when you want it to fit to 1 CD, and have good quality at the same time.
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182 SVCDs have 480x480 size, and their header contains the aspect ratio the
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183 player should use (Ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding to
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184 AVI (DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers don't store this
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185 value. Thus, the only solution is rescaling.</P>
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186
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187 <P>The scaling process is handled by the <I>'scale'</I> video filter:
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188 <CODE>-vop scale=X:Y</CODE>. Its quality can be set with the
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189 <CODE>-sws</CODE> option. If it's not specified, <B>MEncoder</B> will use 0:
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190 fast bilinear.</P>
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191
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192 <P>Usage:<BR>
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193 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -lavcopts
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194 vcodec=mpeg4:more_options -vop scale=640:480 -sws 2 -o
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195 output.avi</CODE></P>
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196
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197
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198 <H4><A NAME="copying">2.4.2.3 Stream copying</A></H4>
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199
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200 <P><B>MEncoder</B> can handle input streams in two ways: <B>encode</B> or
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201 <B>copy</B> them. This section is about <B>copying</B>.</P>
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202
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203 <UL>
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204 <LI><B>Video stream</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): nice stuff can be
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205 done :)<BR>
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206 Like, putting (not converting) FLI or VIVO or MPEG1 video into
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207 an AVI file. Of course only <B>MPlayer</B> can play such files :) And it
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208 probably has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying
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209 can be useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded
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210 (like, uncompressed PCM to MP3).</LI>
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211
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212 <LI><B>Audio stream</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): straightforward.
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213 It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, Vorbis) and mux it
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214 into the output stream. Use the <CODE>-audiofile &lt;filename&gt;</CODE>
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215 option for this.</LI>
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216 </UL>
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217
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218
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219 <H4><A NAME="fixing">2.4.2.4 Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</A></H4>
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220
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221 <P>Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and
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222 <B>MEncoder</B> generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs
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223 in the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken
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224 interleaving, thus the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option won't be needed for them
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225 anymore.</P>
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226
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227 <P>Command: <CODE>mencoder -idx input.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P>
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228
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229
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230 <H4><A NAME="libavcodec">2.4.2.5 Encoding with the libavcodec codec family</A></H4>
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231
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232 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> provides simple encoding to a
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233 lot of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are
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234 unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs:</P>
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235
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236 <UL>
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237 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI>
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238 <LI>h263 - H263</LI>
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239 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI>
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240 <LI>mpeg4 - DivX4</LI>
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241 <LI>msmpeg4 - the old DivX</LI>
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242 <LI>msmpeg4v2 - Micro$oft MPEG4 V2 (DivX alias MP43 predecessor)</LI>
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243 <LI>rv10 - an old RealVideo codec</LI>
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244 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI>
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245 </UL>
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246
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247 <P>The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the
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248 <CODE>vcodec</CODE> config, like: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P>
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249
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250 <P>An example, with MJPEG compression:<BR>
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251 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc
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252 -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg</CODE></P>
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253
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254
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255 <H4><A NAME="image_files">2.4.2.6 Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs, PNGs or TGAs)</A></H4>
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256
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257 <P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of creating movies from one or more JPEG, PNG or TGA
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258 files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG
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259 (Motion PNG) or MTGA (Motion TGA) files.</P>
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260
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261 Explanation of the process:
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262
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263 <OL>
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264 <LI><B>MEncoder</B> <I>decodes</I> the input image(s) with <CODE>libjpeg</CODE>
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265 (when decoding PNGs, it will use <B>libpng</B>).</LI>
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266
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267 <LI><B>MEncoder</B> then feeds the decoded image to the chosen video compressor
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268 (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...). Watch for the PNG decoder, as
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269 currently it can output only to RGB formats, thus can't be used with codecs
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270 that require YUV as input, like DivX4 or ffmpeg's msmpeg4.</LI>
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271 </OL>
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272
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273 <H4>Examples</H4>
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274
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275 <P>The explanation of the <CODE>-mf</CODE> option can be found below in the
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276 global <A HREF="#options">Options</A> section and in the man page.</P>
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277
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278 <P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
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279 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o
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280 output.avi</CODE></P>
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281
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282 <P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from some JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
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283 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o
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284 output.avi</CODE></P>
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285
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286 <P><I>Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
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287 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy
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288 -o output.avi</CODE></P>
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289
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290 <P><I>Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
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291 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw -o
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292 output.avi</CODE></P>
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293
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294 <P><I>Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR>
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295 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy
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296 -o output.avi</CODE></P>
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297
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298 <P><I>Creating a Motion TGA (MTGA) file from all the TGA files in the current dir:</I><BR>
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299 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.tga -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy
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300 -o output.avi</CODE></P>
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301
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302
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303 <H4><A NAME="vobsub">2.4.2.7 Extracting DVD subtitles to Vobsub file</A></H4>
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304
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305 <P><B>MEncoder</B> is capable of extracting subtitles from a DVD into
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306 Vobsub fomat files. They consist of a pair of files ending in
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307 <CODE>.idx</CODE> and <CODE>.sub</CODE> and are usually packaged in a single
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308 <CODE>.rar</CODE> archive. <B>MPlayer</B> can play these with the
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309 <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> and <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> options.</P>
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310
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311 <P>You specify the basename (i.e without the <CODE>.idx</CODE> or
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312 <CODE>.sub</CODE> extension) of the output files with <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE>
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313 and the index for this subtitle in the resulting files with
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314 <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P>
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315
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316 <P>If the input is not from a DVD you should use <CODE>-ifo</CODE> to
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317 indicate the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> file needed to construct the resulting
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318 <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P>
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319
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320 <P>If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the <CODE>.ifo</CODE>
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321 file you will need to use the <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> option to let it know
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322 what language id to put in the <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P>
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323
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324 <P>Each run will append the running subtitle if the <CODE>.idx</CODE> and
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325 <CODE>.sub</CODE> files already exist. So you should remove any before
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326 starting.</P>
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327
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328 <H4>Examples</H4>
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329
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330 <P><I>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing 3-pass encoding</I><BR>
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331 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR>
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332 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0
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333 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno</CODE><BR>
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334 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 1</CODE><BR>
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335 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -pass 2 -vobsubout
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336 subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P>
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337
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338 <P><I>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</I><BR>
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339 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR>
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340 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder movie.mpg -ifo movie.ifo -vobsubout subtitles
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341 -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P>
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342
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343
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344 <H3><A NAME="options">2.4.3 Available options</A></H3>
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345
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346 <P>For the complete list of available <B>MEncoder</B> options and examples, please
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347 see the man page.</P>
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348
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349 </BODY>
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350 </HTML>