annotate DOCS/xml/fr/install.xml @ 30942:2c04ca7b638c

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author cehoyos
date Fri, 02 Apr 2010 10:13:08 +0000
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children 0ad2da052b2e
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with r21155 -->
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3
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4 <chapter id="install">
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5 <title>Installation</title>
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6
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7 <para>
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8 Un guide d'installation rapide peut être trouvé dans le fichier <filename>README</filename>.
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9 Veuillez le lire d'abord et revenir ensuite ici pour le reste des détails.
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10 </para>
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11
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12 <para>
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13 Dans ce chapitre, vous serez guidé à travers étapes de configuration et de
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14 compilation de <application>MPlayer</application>.
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15 Ce n'est pas facile, mais pas vraiment difficile non plus.
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16 Si vous observez un comportement différent de celui de ces explications,
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17 cherchez dans la doc et vous trouverez les réponses adéquates.
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18 </para>
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19
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20 <sect1 id="softreq">
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21 <title>Logiciels nécessaires</title>
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22
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23 <itemizedlist>
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24 <listitem><para>
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25 <emphasis role="bold">binutils</emphasis> - la version conseillée est la <emphasis role="bold">2.11.x</emphasis> ou plus récente.
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26 </para></listitem>
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27 <listitem><para>
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28 <emphasis role="bold">gcc</emphasis> - les versions conseillées sont les
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29 versions 2.95 et 3.4 ou plus récentes.
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30 Les versions 2.96 et 3.0.x sont connues pour générer du code incorrect.
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31 Des problèmes plus ou moins graves existent avec les versions 3.1, 3.2 et 3.3.
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32 Sur les plateformes PowerPC, utilisez GCC 4.x.
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33 </para></listitem>
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34 <listitem><para>
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35 <emphasis role="bold">Xorg/XFree86</emphasis> - la version conseillée est la 4.3 ou
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36 plus récente.
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37 Assurez-vous que ses <emphasis role="bold">paquets de développement</emphasis>
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38 sont également installés, sinon cela ne fonctionnera pas.
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39 Si vous n'avez pas besoin de X, certains pilotes de sortie vidéo fonctionnent
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40 aussi sans.
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41 </para></listitem>
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42 <listitem><para>
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43 <emphasis role="bold">make</emphasis> - version conseillée 3.79.x ou plus
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44 récente.
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45 Pour contruire la documentation XML, vous devez utiliser au moins la version 3.80.
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46 </para></listitem>
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47 <listitem><para>
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48 <emphasis role="bold">FreeType</emphasis> - version 2.0.9 ou supérieure requise pour l'affichage des
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49 sous-titres et du OSD (On Screen Display).
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50 </para></listitem>
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51 <listitem><para>
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52 <emphasis role="bold">libjpeg</emphasis> - décodeur JPEG optionnel, utilisé
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53 par le pilote de sortie vidéo JPEG.
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54 </para></listitem>
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55 <listitem><para>
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56 <emphasis role="bold">libpng</emphasis> - Décodeur (M)PNG optionnel,
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57 requis pour l'interface graphique et le pilote de sortie vidéo PNG.
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58 </para></listitem>
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59 <listitem><para>
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60 <emphasis role="bold">lame</emphasis> - La version 3.90 ou plus récente est
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61 recommandé, requis pour l'encodage MP3 audio avec
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62 <application>MEncoder</application>.
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63 </para></listitem>
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64 <listitem><para>
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65 <emphasis role="bold">zlib</emphasis> - recommandé, nécessaire pour les
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66 en-têtes MOV compressés et le support PNG.
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67 </para></listitem>
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68 <listitem><para>
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69 <emphasis role="bold"><ulink url="http://www.live555.com/mplayer/">LIVE555 Streaming Media</ulink></emphasis>
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70 - optionnel, requis pour lire certains flux RTSP/RTP.
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71 </para></listitem>
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72 <listitem><para>
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73 <emphasis role="bold">directfb</emphasis> - optionnel, utilisez la version
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74 0.9.13 ou plus récente.
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75 </para></listitem>
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76 <listitem><para>
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77 <emphasis role="bold">cdparanoia</emphasis> - optionnel, pour le support CDDA
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78 </para></listitem>
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79 <listitem><para>
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80 <emphasis role="bold">libxmms</emphasis> - optionnel, pour le support des plugins
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81 d'entrée de XMMS. Une version supérieure ou égale à 1.2.7 est requise.
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82 </para></listitem>
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83 <listitem><para>
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84 <emphasis role="bold">libsmb</emphasis> - optionnel, pour le support réseau smb.
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85 </para></listitem>
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86 <listitem><para>
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87 <emphasis role="bold">ALSA</emphasis> - optionnel, pour le support de sortie audio ALSA.
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88 La version 0.9.0rc4 est le minimum requis.
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89 </para></listitem>
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90 </itemizedlist>
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91 </sect1>
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92
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93
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94 <sect1 id="features">
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95 <title>Fonctionalités</title>
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96
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97 <itemizedlist>
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98 <listitem><para>
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99 Si vous souhaitez une interface graphique (GUI), lisez la section <link linkend="gui">GUI</link> avant de compiler.
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100 </para></listitem>
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101 <listitem><para>
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102 Si vous voulez installer <application>MEncoder</application> (notre excellent
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103 encodeur multi-usages), voir la section <link linkend="mencoder"><application>MEncoder</application></link>.
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104 </para></listitem>
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105 <listitem><para>
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106 Si vous possédez une carte <emphasis role="bold">tuner TV</emphasis> compatible
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107 V4L, et désirez voir/enregistrer et encoder des films avec <application>MPlayer</application>, voyez la section
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108 <link linkend="tv-input">Entrée TV</link>.
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109 </para></listitem>
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110 <listitem><para>
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111 Si vous possédez un carte <emphasis role="bold">tuner radio</emphasis> compatible
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112 V4L, et désirez écouter et capturer du son avec <application>MPlayer</application>,
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113 lisez la rubrique <link linkend="radio">Entrée Radio</link>.
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114 </para></listitem>
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115 <listitem><para>
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116 Il y a un élégant <emphasis role="bold">Menu OSD</emphasis> prêt à être utilisé.
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117 Regardez la section <link linkend="osdmenu">menu OSD</link>.
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118 </para></listitem>
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119 </itemizedlist>
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120
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121 <para>
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122 Ensuite compilez <application>MPlayer</application> :
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123 <screen>
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124 ./configure
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125 make
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126 make install</screen>
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127 </para>
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128
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129 <para>
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130 A ce point, <application>MPlayer</application> est prêt à fonctionner.
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131 Le répertoire <filename class="directory">$PREFIX/share/mplayer</filename>
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132 contient le fichier <filename>codecs.conf</filename>, qui est utilisé pour
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133 donner au programme la liste des codecs et de leurs capacités. Ce fichier n'est requis
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134 que si vous voulez changer ses propriétés, car le binaire principal en contient une
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135 copie interne. Vérifiez si vous avez un <filename>codecs.conf</filename> dans votre
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136 répertoire personnel (<filename>~/.mplayer/codecs.conf</filename>) provenant d'une
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137 ancienne installation de <application>MPlayer</application>, et supprimez-le.
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138 </para>
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139
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140 <para>
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141 Notez que si vous avez un <filename>codecs.conf</filename> dans
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142 <filename>~/.mplayer/</filename>, les fichiers <filename>codecs.conf</filename>
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143 du système ou celui intégré seront complètement ignorés.
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144 Ne faites pas cela à moins de vouloir jouer avec le fonctionnement interne de
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145 <application>MPlayer</application> car cela peut poser des problèmes. Si vous voulez changer l'ordre de
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146 recherche des codecs, utilisez les options <option>-vc</option>, <option>-ac</option>,
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147 <option>-vfm</option>, ou <option>-afm</option> soit en ligne de commande soit dans
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148 votre fichier de config (voir la page de man).
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149 </para>
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150
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151 <para>
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152 Les utilisateurs Debian peuvent construire un paquet .deb pour leur propre usage,
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153 c'est très simple. Exécutez
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154 <screen>fakeroot debian/rules binary</screen>
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155 dans le répertoire racine de <application>MPlayer</application>. Voir
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156 <link linkend="debian">Création de paquets Debian</link> pour de plus amples
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157 instructions.
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158 </para>
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159
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160 <para>
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161 <emphasis role="bold">Regardez toujours le listing généré par</emphasis>
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162 <filename>./configure</filename>, ainsi que le fichier
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163 <filename>configure.log</filename>, ils contiennent des informations sur
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164 ce qui sera compilé, et ce qui ne le sera pas. Vous pouvez également consulter
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165 les fichiers <filename>config.h</filename> et <filename>config.mak</filename>.
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166 Si vous avez quelques librairies installées, mais pas détectées par
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167 <filename>./configure</filename>, alors vérifiez que vous avez les fichiers
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168 d'en-tête (généralement les paquets -dev) et que leur version correspond. Le fichier
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169 <filename>configure.log</filename> vous dit généralement ce qui manque.
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170 </para>
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171
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172 <para>
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173 Bien que n'étant pas indispensables, les polices peuvent être installées pour
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174 l'affichage de l'OSD, et le support des sous-titres. La méthode recommandée est
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175 d'installer un fichier de police TTF et de dire à <application>MPlayer</application> de l'utiliser. Voir la
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176 section <link linkend="osdmenu">Sous-titres et OSD</link> pour les détails.
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177 </para>
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178
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179 </sect1>
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180
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181 <!-- ********** -->
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182
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183 <sect1 id="gui">
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184 <title>À propos de l'interface graphique</title>
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185
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186 <para>
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187 La GUI à besoin de GTK 1.2.x ou GTK 2.0 (elle n'est pas entièrement basée dessus, mais les
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188 menus le sont). Les skins sont stockées au format PNG, donc GTK,
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189 <systemitem class="library">libpng</systemitem> (ainsi que leurs paquets de dev,
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190 généralement nommés <systemitem class="library">gtk-dev</systemitem> et <systemitem class="library">libpng-dev</systemitem>)
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191 doivent être installés. Vous pouver la compiler en spécifiant l'option
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192 <option>--enable-gui</option> durant l'étape
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193 <filename>./configure</filename>. Ensuite, pour l'activer vous devrez exécuter
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194 le binaire <command>gmplayer</command>.
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195 </para>
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196
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197 <para>
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198 <application>MPlayer</application> n'ayant pas de skin par défaut, vous
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199 devrez en télécharger si vous voulez utiliser la GUI. Voir la <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/dload.html">page des téléchargements</ulink>.
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200 Ils devront être placés dans le répertoire commun habituel
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201 (<filename class="directory">$PREFIX/share/mplayer/skins</filename>),
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202 ou dans <filename class="directory">
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203 $HOME/.mplayer/skins</filename>.
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204 Par défaut, <application>MPlayer</application> consulte ces répertoires à la
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205 recherche d'un répertoire nommé <filename class="directory">default</filename>,
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206 mais vous pouvez utiliser l'option <option>-skin <replaceable>nouveauskin</replaceable></option>,
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207 ou placer <literal>skin=nouveauskin</literal> dans votre fichier de configuration
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208 pour utiliser le skin dans le répertoire <filename class="directory">*/skins/nouveauskin</filename>.
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209 </para>
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210 </sect1>
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211
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212 <!-- ********** -->
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213
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214
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215 <sect1 id="fonts-osd">
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216 <title>Polices et OSD</title>
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217
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218 <para>
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219 Vous devez spécifier à <application>MPlayer</application> quelles polices utiliser
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220 pour l'OSD et les sous-titres. N'importe quelle police TrueType ou Bitmap devrait
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221 faire l'affaire. Cependant, les polices TrueType sont recommandés car elles ont
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222 un bien meilleur aspect, peuvent être mises à l'échelle correctement et gèrent mieux
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223 les différents jeux de caractères.
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224 </para>
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225
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226
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227 <sect2 id="truetype-fonts">
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228 <title>Police TrueType</title>
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229
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230 <para>
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231 Il y a deux façons de rendre les polices TrueType opérationnelles. La première
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232 est de spécifier le nom du fichier de la police TrueType à utiliser grâce à l'option
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233 <option>-font</option>. Il peut être intéressant de placer
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234 cette option dans votre fichier de configuration (voir la page de manuel pour plus de détails).
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235 La seconde façon est de créer un lien symbolique (symlink) baptisé <filename>subfont.ttf</filename> pointant vers le fichier
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236 contenant la police de votre choix. Pour choisir une police commune à tous les utilisateurs, tapez
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237 <screen>ln -s <replaceable>/path/to/sample_font.ttf</replaceable> $PREFIX/share/mplayer/subfont.ttf</screen>
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238 Pour définir une police propre à chaque utilisateur, tapez
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239 <screen>ln -s <replaceable>/path/to/sample_font.ttf</replaceable> ~/.mplayer/subfont.ttf</screen>
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240 </para>
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241
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242 <para>
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243 La compilation de <application>MPlayer</application> avec le support pour
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244 <systemitem class="library">fontconfig</systemitem> rend les méthodes ci-dessus inopérantes.
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245 En effet, <application>MPlayer</application> s'attend à ce que <option>-font</option> soit
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246 suivi d'un nom de police compatible avec <systemitem class="library">fontconfig</systemitem>
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247 et utilisera sans-serif par défaut.
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248 Un exemple :
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249 <screen>mplayer -font <replaceable>'Bitstream Vera Sans'</replaceable> <replaceable>anime.mkv</replaceable></screen>
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250 </para>
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251
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252 <para>
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253 Pour obtenir la liste des polices compatibles avec <systemitem class="library">fontconfig</systemitem>,
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254 executez <command>fc-list</command> dans la console.
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255 </para>
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256 </sect2>
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257
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258 <sect2 id="bitmap-fonts">
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259 <title>Polices Bitmap</title>
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260
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261 <para>
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262 Si pour une raison quelconque vous souhaitez ou devez employer des polices bitmap, téléchargez en un jeu
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263 depuis notre page web. Vous avez les choix entre différentes
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264 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/fonts/">polices ISO</ulink> et quelques autres
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265 <ulink url="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/contrib/fonts/">polices développées par des utilisateurs</ulink>
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266 supportant plusieurs encodages.
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267 </para>
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268
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269 <para>
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270 Décompressez le fichier que vous avez téléchargé dans le répertoire
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271 <filename class="directory">~/.mplayer</filename> ou dans
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272 <filename class="directory">$PREFIX/share/mplayer</filename>.
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273 Ensuite, renommez ou créez un lien symbolique de l'un des répertoires ainsi créés vers
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274 le sous-repertoire
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275 <filename class="directory">font</filename>. Exemple :
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276 <screen>ln -s <replaceable>~/.mplayer/arial-24</replaceable> ~/.mplayer/font</screen>
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277 <screen>ln -s <replaceable>$PREFIX/share/mplayer/arial-24</replaceable> $PREFIX/share/mplayer/font</screen>
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278 </para>
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279
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280 <para>
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281 Les polices doivent disposer d'un fichier <filename>font.desc</filename>
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282 associant les positions des caractères unicode à l'encodage (NdT: code page) utilisés par le sous-titre.
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283 Une autre solution est d'encoder les sous-titres en UTF-8 et
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284 d'utiliser l'option <option>-utf8</option> ou de donner au fichier sous-titre
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285 le même nom qu'au fichier video avec une extension <filename>.utf</filename> et de le placer
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286 dans le même répertoire que la vidéo.
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287 </para>
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288 </sect2>
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289
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290
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291
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292 <sect2 id="osdmenu">
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293 <title>Menu OSD</title>
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294
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295 <para>
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296 <application>MPlayer</application> possède une interface de menu OSD complètement modulable.
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297 </para>
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298
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299 <note><para>
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300 Le menu des préférences n'est PAS IMPLÉMENTÉ pour l'instant!
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301 </para></note>
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302
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303 <orderedlist>
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304 <title>Installation</title>
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305 <listitem><para>
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306 compilez <application>MPlayer</application> en passant le paramètre <option>--enable-menu</option>
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307 à <filename>./configure</filename>
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308 </para></listitem>
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309 <listitem><para>
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310 assurez-vous que les polices OSD sont installées
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311 </para></listitem>
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312 <listitem><para>
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313 copiez <filename>etc/menu.conf</filename> dans votre répertoire
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314 <filename class="directory">.mplayer</filename>
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315 </para></listitem>
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316 <listitem><para>
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317 copiez <filename>etc/input.conf</filename> dans votre répertoire
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318 <filename class="directory">.mplayer</filename>, ou dans le fichier de config globale de
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319 <application>MPlayer</application> (par défaut: <filename class="directory">/usr/local/etc/mplayer</filename>)
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320 </para></listitem>
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321 <listitem><para>
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322 trouvez et éditez <filename>input.conf</filename> pour activer les touches
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323 correspondant aux mouvements dans le menu (c'est décrit sur place).
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324 </para></listitem>
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325 <listitem><para>
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326 lancez <application>MPlayer</application> avec par exemple :
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327 <screen>$ mplayer -menu <replaceable>fichier.avi</replaceable></screen>
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328 </para></listitem>
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329 <listitem><para>
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330 pressez n'importe laquelle des touches menu que vous avez définies
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331 </para></listitem>
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332 </orderedlist>
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333
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334 </sect2>
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335 </sect1>
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336
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337 <!-- ********** -->
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338
28478
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339 <sect1 id="codec-installation">
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340 <title>Installation Codec</title>
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341
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342 <sect2 id="xvid">
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343 <title>Xvid</title>
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344
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345 <para>
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346 <ulink url="http://www.xvid.org">Xvid</ulink> est un logiciel libre
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347 de codec video conforme au MPEG-4 ASP. Notez qu'Xvid n'est pas nécessaire
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348 pour décoder des vidéos encodée par Xvid.
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349 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> est utilisé par défaut
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350 parce qu'il offre une vitesse supérieure.
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351 </para>
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352
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353 <procedure>
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354 <title>Installer <systemitem class="library">Xvid</systemitem></title>
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355 <para>
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356 Comme la plupart des logiciels open source, il est disponible en deux
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357 parfums&nbsp;:
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358 <ulink url="http://www.xvid.org/downloads.html">versions officielle</ulink>
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359 et la version CVS.
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360 La version CVS est habituellement suffisament stable pour être utilisée,
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361 puisqu'elle bénéficie des corrections de bogues existant dans les versions
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362 officielles.
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363 Voici qui doit être fait pour faire fonctionner la version CVS de
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364 <systemitem class="library">Xvid</systemitem>
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365 avec <application>MEncoder</application>&nbsp;:
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366 </para>
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367 <step><para>
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368 <screen>cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.xvid.org:/xvid login</screen>
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369 </para></step>
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370 <step><para>
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371 <screen>cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.xvid.org:/xvid co xvidcore</screen>
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372 </para></step>
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373 <step><para>
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374 <screen>cd xvidcore/build/generic</screen>
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375 </para></step>
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376 <step><para>
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377 <screen>./bootstrap.sh</screen>
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378 </para></step>
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379 <step><para>
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380 <screen>./configure</screen>
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381 Vous pouvez avoir à ajouter des options (examinez la sortie de
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382 <command>./configure --help</command>).
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383 </para></step>
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384 <step><para>
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385 <screen>make &amp;&amp; make install</screen>
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386 </para></step>
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387 <step><para>
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388 Si vous avez spécifié <option>--enable-divxcompat</option>,
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389 copiez <filename>../../src/divx4.h</filename> dans
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390 <filename class="directory">/usr/local/include/</filename>.
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391 </para></step>
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392 <step><para>
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393 Recompilez <application>MPlayer</application>.
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394 </para></step>
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395 </procedure>
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396 </sect2>
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397
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398 <!-- ********** -->
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399
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400 <sect2 id="x264">
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401 <title>x264</title>
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402
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403 <para>
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404 <ulink url="http://developers.videolan.org/x264.html"><systemitem class="library">x264</systemitem></ulink>
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405 is a library for creating H.264 video.
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406 <application>MPlayer</application> sources are updated whenever
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407 an <systemitem class="library">x264</systemitem> API change
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408 occurs, so it is always suggested to use
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409 <application>MPlayer</application> from Subversion.
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410 </para>
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411
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412 <para>
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413 If you have a GIT client installed, the latest x264
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414 sources can be gotten with this command:
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415 <screen>git clone git://git.videolan.org/x264.git</screen>
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416
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417 Then build and install in the standard way:
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418 <screen>./configure &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make install</screen>
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419
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420 Now rerun <filename>./configure</filename> for
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421 <application>MPlayer</application> to pick up
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422 <systemitem class="library">x264</systemitem> support.
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423 </para>
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424 </sect2>
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425 <!-- ********** -->
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426
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427 <sect2 id="aac">
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428 <title>Codec AAC</title>
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429 <para>
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430 Un décodeur open source appelé FAAD est disponible sur
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431 <ulink url="http://www.audiocoding.com/downloads.html"/>.
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432 <application>MPlayer</application> inclus une copie, vous n'avez donc pas
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433 à l'obtenir séparemment.
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434 Si vous voulez utiliser une librairie externe, passez
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435 <option>--enable-faad-external</option> à <filename>./configure</filename>.
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436 Vous n'avez pas besoin de tout faad2 pour décoder les fichiers AAC, libfaad suffit.
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437 Construisez comme ceci&nbsp;:
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438 <screen>
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439 cd faad2/
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440 sh bootstrap
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441 ./configure
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442 cd libfaad
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443 make
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444 make install
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445 </screen>
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446 Les binaires ne sont pas disponibles sur audiocoding.com, mais vous pouvez
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447 obtenir les paquets Debian sur la
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448 <ulink url="http://www.debian-multimedia.org/">page web de Christian Marillat</ulink>,
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449 les RPMs Mandrake/Mandriva sur le <ulink url="http://plf.zarb.org">P.L.F</ulink> et les RPMS
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450 Fedora sur <ulink url="http://rpm.livna.org/">Livna</ulink>.
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451 </para>
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452 </sect2>
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453
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454 <!-- ********** -->
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455
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456 <sect2 id="amr">
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457 <title>codecs AMR</title>
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458 <para>
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459 Le codec de voix Adaptive Multi-Rate est utilisé dans les téléphones mobiles de
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460 troisième génération (3G).
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461 L'implémentation de référence est disponible depuis
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462 <ulink url="http://www.3gpp.org">Projet d'Association sur la 3ème Génération</ulink>
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463 (gratuit pour un usage privé).
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464 </para>
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465 <para>
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466 Pour activer le support, téléchargez et installez les bibliothèques pour
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467 <ulink url="http://www.penguin.cz/~utx/amr">AMR-NB et AMR-WB</ulink> en
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468 suivant les instructions de cette page. Ensuite, recompilez
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469 <application>MPlayer</application>.
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470 </para>
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471 </sect2>
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472 </sect1>
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473
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474 <!-- ********** -->
20205
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475
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476 <sect1 id="rtc">
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477 <title>RTC</title>
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478 <para>
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479 Il y a trois méthodes de synchro dans <application>MPlayer</application>.
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480
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481 <itemizedlist>
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482 <listitem><simpara>
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483 <emphasis role="bold">Pour utiliser l'ancienne méthode</emphasis>, vous n'avez
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484 rien à faire. Elle utilise <systemitem>usleep()</systemitem> pour régler la
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485 synchro A/V, avec une précision de +/- 10ms. Cependant parfois la synchro doit être
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486 réglée encore plus finement.
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487 </simpara></listitem>
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488 <listitem><para>
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489 <emphasis role="bold">Le nouveau code de synchro</emphasis> utilise la RTC
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490 (Real Time Clock) du PC pour cette tâche, car elle possède des timers précis à 1ms près.
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491 Utilisez l'option <option>-rtc</option> pour l'activer. Notez qu'un noyau correctement
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492 configuré est requis. Si vous executez une version du noyau supérieure ou égale à 2.4.19pre8,
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493 vous pouvez ajuster la fréquence maximale (de la RTC) accessible aux utilisateurs normaux grace au système
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494 de fichiers <systemitem class="systemname">/proc </systemitem>. Pour ceci, les commandes suivantes sont à
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495 votre disposition :
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496 <screen>echo 1024 &gt; /proc/sys/dev/rtc/max-user-freq</screen>
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497 ou <screen>sysctl dev/rtc/max-user-freq=1024</screen>
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498 Vous pouvez rendre ce réglagle permanant en ajoutant la seconde commande au fichier
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499 <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.
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500 </para>
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501
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502 <para>
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503 Vous pouvez voir l'efficacité du nouveau timer sur la ligne d'état.
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504 Les fonctions de gestion de l'énergie des BIOS des certains portables
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505 avec des processeurs supportant SpeedStep ne font pas bon ménage avec la RTC.
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506 Le son et les images risquent d'être désynchronisés. Brancher le portable sur
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507 le secteur avant de le démarrer semble régler le problème dans la plupart des cas.
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508 Avec certaines configurations matérielles (confirmé par l'utilisation de lecteurs DVD ne supportant pas
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509 le DMA avec une carte-mère basée sur le chipset ALi1541), l'utilisation du timer RTC rend la lecture
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510 saccadée (NdT: skippy). Il est recommandé d'utiliser la troisième méthode dans ce cas.
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511 </para></listitem>
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512 <listitem><para>
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513 <emphasis role="bold">La troisième méthode de synchro</emphasis> est activée par l'option
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514 <option>-softsleep</option>. Elle a la précision de la RTC, mais n'utilise pas la RTC.
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515 D'un autre côté, elle nécessite plus de CPU.
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516 </para></listitem>
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517 </itemizedlist>
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518 </para>
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519 </sect1>
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520 </chapter>