annotate DOCS/cd-dvd.html @ 7936:635baf6d2e1d

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author jonas
date Sun, 27 Oct 2002 18:01:40 +0000
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children 34a59cff6f29
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3
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4 <HEAD>
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5 <TITLE>CD, DVD, VCD - MPlayer - The Movie Player for Linux</TITLE>
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css">
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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8 </HEAD>
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9
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10 <BODY>
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11
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12
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13 <H2><A NAME="drives">4.1 CD/DVD drives</A></H2>
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14
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15 <P>Linux documentation excerpt:</P>
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16
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17 <P>Modern CD-ROM drives can attain very high head speeds, yet some CD-ROM drives
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18 are capable of running at reduced speeds. There are several reasons that might
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19 make you consider changing the speed of a CD-ROM drive:</P>
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20
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21 <UL>
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22 <LI>There have been reports of read errors at these high speeds, especially
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23 with badly pressed CD-ROMs. Reducing the speed can prevent data loss under
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24 these circumstances.</LI>
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25 <LI>Many CD-ROM drives are annoyingly loud, a lower speed may reduce the
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26 noise.</LI>
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27 </UL>
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28
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29 <P>You can reduce the drive speed with hdparm or a program called setcd.
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30 It works like this:</P>
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31
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32 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>hdparm -E [speed] [cdrom device]</CODE></P>
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33
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34 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>setcd -x [speed] [cdrom device]</CODE></P>
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35
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36 <P>You can also try</P>
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37
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38 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>echo current_speed:4 &gt; /proc/ide/[cdrom device]/settings</CODE></P>
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39
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40 <P>but you will need root privileges. The following command may also help:</P>
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41
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42 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>echo file_readahead:2000000 &gt; /proc/ide/[cdrom device]/settings</CODE></P>
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43
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44 <P>This sets prefetched file reading to 2MB, which helps with scratched CD-ROMs.
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45 It is recommended that you also tune your CD-ROM drive with hdparm:</P>
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46
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47 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>hdparm -d1 -a8 -u1 (cdrom device)</CODE></P>
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48
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49 <P>This enables DMA access, read-ahead, and IRQ unmasking (read the hdparm man
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50 page for a detailed explanation).</P>
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51
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52 <P>Please refer to "<CODE>/proc/ide/[cdrom device]/settings</CODE>" for
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53 fine-tuning your CD-ROM.</P>
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54
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55 <P>FreeBSD:</P>
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56
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57 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speed: <CODE>cdcontrol [-f device] speed [speed]</CODE></P>
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58 <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DMA: <CODE>sysctl hw.ata.atapi_dma=1</CODE></P>
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59
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60
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61 <H2><A NAME="dvd">4.2 DVD playback</A></H2>
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62
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63 <P>For the complete list of available options, please read the man page.</P>
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64
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65 <H4>New-style DVD support (mpdvdkit2)</H4>
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66
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67 <P>MPlayer uses <CODE>libdvdread</CODE> and <CODE>libdvdcss</CODE> for
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68 DVD decryption and playback. These two libraries are contained in the
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69 <CODE>libmpdvdkit2/</CODE> subdirectory of the MPlayer source tree, you
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70 do not have to install them separately. We opted for this solution because
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71 we had to fix a libdvdread bug, and apply a patch which adds <B>cracked CSS
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72 keys caching support</B> to libdvdcss. This results in a large speed increase
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73 because the keys do not have to be cracked every time before playing.</P>
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74
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75 <P>MPlayer can also use system-wide <CODE>libdvdread</CODE> and
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76 <CODE>libdvdcss</CODE> libraries, but this solution is <B>not</B> recommended,
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77 as it can result in bugs, library incompatibilities, and slower speed.</P>
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78
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79 <H4>DVD Navigation support (dvdnav)</H4>
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80
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81 <P>Support for DVD navigation via <CODE>dvdnav</CODE> was being worked on, but
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82 it was never finished properly and is therefore <B>not recommended</B>!</P>
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83
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84 <H4>Old-style DVD support - OPTIONAL</H4>
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85
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86 <P>Useful if you want to play encoded VOBs from <B>hard disk</B>. Compile and
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87 install <B>libcss</B> 0.0.1 (not newer) for this (If MPlayer fails to
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88 detect it, use the <CODE>-csslib /path/to/libcss.so</CODE> option). To use it,
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89 you need to be root, use a suid root MPlayer binary or let MPlayer call the
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90 suid root fibmap_mplayer wrapper program.</P>
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91
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92 <H4>DVD structure</H4>
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93
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94 <P>DVD disks use all 2048 b/s sectors with ecc/crc. They usually have an UDF
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95 filesystem on a single track, containing various files (small .IFO and .BUK
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96 files and big (1GB) .VOB files). They are real files and can be copied/played
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97 from a mounted file system of an unencrypted DVD.</P>
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98
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99 <P>The .IFO files contain the movie navigation informations (chapter/title/angle
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100 map, language table, etc) and is needed to read and interpret the .VOB content
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101 (movie). The .BUK files are backups of them. They use <B>sectors</B> everywhere,
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102 so you need to use raw addressing of sectors of the disc to implement DVD
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103 navigation. It's also needed to decrypt the content.</P>
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104
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105 <P>The whole old-style DVD support with libcss needs therefore a mounted DVD
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106 filesystem and a raw sector-based access to the device. Unfortunately you must
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107 be root (under Linux) to get the sector address of a file. You got the
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108 following choices:</P>
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109
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110 <UL>
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111 <LI>Force the user to be root or use a suid root mplayer binary.</LI>
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112 <LI>Let MPlayer call the suid root fibmap_mplayer wrapper program to access
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113 the DVD (used in the old-style DVD playback over libcss).</LI>
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114 <LI>Don't use the kernel's filesystem driver at all and re-implement it in
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115 userspace. libdvdread 0.9.x and libmpdvdkit does this (New-style DVD
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116 support). The kernel udf filesystem drivers isn't needed as they already
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117 have their own, built-in udf fs driver. Also the dvd, doesn't needs to be
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118 mounted as only the raw sector-based access is used.</LI>
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119 </UL>
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120
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121 <P>Sometimes /dev/dvd can't be read by users, so the libdvdread authors
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122 implemented an emulation layer which transfers sector addresses to
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123 filenames+offsets, to emulate raw access on the top of a mounted filesystem
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124 or even on a hard disk.</P>
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125
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126 <P>libdvdread even accepts the mountpoint instead of the device name for raw
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127 access and checks in <CODE>/proc/mounts</CODE> to get the device name. It was
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128 developed for Solaris, where device names are dynamically allocated.</P>
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129
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130 <P>The default DVD device is <CODE>/dev/dvd</CODE>. If your setup differs,
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131 make a symlink, or specify the correct device on the command line with the
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132 <CODE>-dvd-device</CODE> option.</P>
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133
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134 <H4>DVD authentication</H4>
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135
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136 <P>The authentication and decryption method of the new-style DVD support is done
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137 using a patched libdvdcss (see above). The method can be specified over the
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138 environment variable <CODE>DVDCSS_METHOD</CODE> which can be set to
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139 <CODE>key</CODE>, <CODE>disk</CODE> or <CODE>title</CODE>.</P>
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140
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141 <P>If nothing is specified it tries the following methods
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142 (default: key, title request):</P>
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143
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144 <OL>
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145 <LI><B>bus key:</B> This key is negotiated during authentication (a long mix
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146 of ioctls and various key exchanges, crypto stuff) and is used to encrypt
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147 the title and disk keys before sending them over the unprotected bus
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148 (to prevent eavesdropping). The bus key is needed to get and predecrypt the
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149 crypted disk key.
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150 <LI><B>cached key:</B> MPlayer looks for eventually already cracked
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151 title keys which are stored in the <CODE>~/.mplayer/DVDKeys</CODE> directory
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152 (fast ;).</LI>
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153 <LI><B>key:</B> If no cached key is available, MPlayer tries to
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154 decrypt the disk key with a set of included player keys.
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155 <LI><B>disk:</B> If the key method fails (e.g. no included player keys),
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156 MPlayer will crack the disk key using a brute force algorithm.
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157 This process is CPU intensive and requires 64 MB of memory (16M 32bit
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158 entries hash table) to store temporary data. This method should always
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159 work (slow).</LI>
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160 <LI><B>title request:</B>With the disk key MPlayer requests the crypted title
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161 keys, which are inside <I>hidden sectors</I> using <CODE>ioctl()</CODE>.
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162 The region protection of RPC-2 drives is performed in this step and may
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163 fail on such drives. If it succeeds, the title keys will be decrypted with
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164 the bus and disk key.
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165 <LI><B>title:</B> This method is used if the title request failed and does
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166 not rely on any key exchange with the DVD drive. It uses a crypto attack to
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167 guess the title key directly (by finding a repeating pattern in the
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168 decrypted VOB content and guessing that that the plain text for first
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169 encrypted bytes are a continuation of that pattern).
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170 The method is also known as "known plaintext attack" or "DeCSSPlus".
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171 In rare cases this may fail because there is not enough encrypted data on
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172 the disk to perform a statistical attack or because the key changes in the
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173 middle of a title. On the other hand it is the only way to decrypt a DVD
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174 stored on a hard disk or a DVD with the wrong region on an RPC2 drive
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175 (slow).</LI>
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176 </OL>
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177
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178 <P>RPC-1 DVD drives only protect region settings over software DVD players.
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179 RPC-2 drives have a hardware protection that allows 5 changes only. It might
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180 be needed/recommended to upgrade the firmware to RPC-1 if you have a RPC-2 DVD
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181 drive. Firmware upgrades can be found
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182 <A HREF="http://perso.club-internet.fr/farzeno/firmware/">here</A>. If there is
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183 no firmware upgrade available for your device, use the
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184 <A HREF="http://www.linuxtv.org/download/dvd/dvd_disc_20000215.tar.gz">regionset
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185 tool</A> to set the region code of your DVD-drive (under Linux).
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186 <B>Warning:</B> You can only set the region 5 times.</P>
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187
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188
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189 <H2><A NAME="vcd">4.3 VCD playback</A></H2>
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190
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191 <P>For the complete list of available options, please read the man page.
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192 The Syntax for a standard Video CD (VCD) is as followed:
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193 <CODE>mplayer -vcd &lt;track&gt; [-cdrom-device &lt;device&gt;]</CODE>.<BR>
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194 Example: <CODE>mplayer -vcd 2 -cdrom-device /dev/hdc</CODE></P>
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195
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196 <H4>VCD structure</H4>
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197
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198 <P>VCD disks consists of 2 or more track:</P>
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199
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200 <UL>
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201 <LI>The first track is a few MB 2048 bytes/sector data track, with an iso9660
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202 filesystem, usualy containing win32 VCD player programs and maybe other infos
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203 (jpegs, text, etc).</LI>
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204 <LI>The second and other tracks are raw 2324 bytes/sector mpeg tracks, without
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205 any filesystem but raw mpeg ps data, one packet per sector. they contain the
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206 movie(s)... The tracks <B>can't be mounted</B>! It is similar to audio
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207 tracks (e.g. You never mounted an audio cd to play it, or did you? No).
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208 As most movies are inside track too, you should try <CODE>-vcd 2</CODE>
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209 first.</LI>
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210 <LI>There exist VCD disks without the first track too (single track and no
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211 filesystems at all). They are still playable, but can't be mounted.</LI>
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212 </UL>
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213
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214 <P>About .DAT files:</P>
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215
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216 <P>The ~600 MB file visible on the first track of the mounted vcd isn't a real
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217 track! It's a so called iso gateway, created to allow Windows to handle such
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218 tracks (Windows doesn't allow raw device access to applications at all).
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219 Under linux, you cannot copy or play such files (they contain garbage).
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220 Under Windows it is possible as its iso9660 driver emulates the raw reading of
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221 tracks in this file.
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222 To play a .DAT file you need a kernel driver which can be found on a powerdvd
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223 Linux version. It is a modified iso9660 fs driver, which is able to emulate the
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224 raw tracks through this shadow .DAT file. If you mount the disc using their
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225 driver, you can copy and even play .DAT files with mplayer. But it <B>won't
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226 work</B> with the standard iso9660 driver of the kernel! It is recommended to
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227 use the <CODE>-vcd</CODE> option instead.</P>
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228
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229 <P>The default VCD device is <CODE>/dev/cdrom</CODE>. If your setup differs,
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230 make a symlink, or specify the correct device on the command line with the
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231 <CODE>-cdrom-device</CODE> option.</P>
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232
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233 </BODY>
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234 </HTML>