Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/en/encoding.html @ 9506:6c6ea2b4cfdb
default.css path fixed (it needs to be moved on CVS server!!)
DXR2 patch partially applied (by Mark Guptill)
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author | gabucino |
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date | Thu, 27 Feb 2003 14:01:19 +0000 |
parents | 89e4b57cc59e |
children | 0fe056bdb135 |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> |
2674 | 2 <HTML> |
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3 |
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4 <HEAD> |
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5 <TITLE>Encoding - MEncoder - The Movie Encoder for Linux</TITLE> |
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../default.css"> |
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> |
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8 </HEAD> |
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9 |
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10 <BODY> |
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12 | |
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13 <H1><A NAME="encoding">7. Encoding with MEncoder</A></H1> |
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15 <P>For the complete list of available MEncoder options and examples, please see |
8895 | 16 the man page. For a series of hands-on examples and detailed guides on using |
17 several encoding parameters, read the | |
9387 | 18 <A HREF="../tech/encoding-tips.txt">encoding-tips</A> that were collected from |
8895 | 19 several mailing list threads on |
20 <A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-users">mplayer-users</A>. | |
21 Search the <A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">archives</A> | |
22 for a wealth of discussions about all aspects of and problems related to | |
23 encoding with MEncoder.</P> | |
3721 | 24 |
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25 |
8930 | 26 <H2><A NAME="2pass">7.1 Encoding 2 or 3-pass MPEG-4 ("DivX")</A></H2> |
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27 |
6960 | 28 <P><U><B>2-pass encoding:</B></U> the name comes from the fact that this method |
29 encodes the file <I>twice</I>. The first encoding (dubbed <I>pass</I>) | |
30 creates some temporary files (*.log) with a size of few megabytes, do not | |
31 delete them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the 2-pass | |
32 output file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The | |
33 resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first time | |
34 you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the | |
35 Net.</P> | |
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36 |
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37 <P>This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass MPEG-4 ("DIVX") AVI. Just |
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38 two commands are needed:<BR> |
6960 | 39 <CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, which |
40 can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current | |
41 one)<BR> | |
7640 | 42 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts |
8497 | 43 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o movie.avi<BR> |
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44 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts |
8497 | 45 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o movie.avi</CODE></P> |
4397 | 46 |
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47 <P><U><B>3-pass encoding:</B></U> this is an extension of 2-pass encoding, |
4397 | 48 where the audio encoding takes place in a separate pass. This method enables |
49 estimation of recommended video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the | |
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50 audio is encoded only once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics:</P> |
4397 | 51 |
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52 <OL> |
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53 <LI>Remove conflicting temporary file: |
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54 <P><CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></P></LI> |
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55 <LI>First pass: |
8497 | 56 <P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o frameno.avi</CODE></P> |
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57 <P>An audio-only avi file will be created, containing |
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58 <B>only</B> the requested audio stream. Don't forget <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>, |
7814 | 59 if you need to set it. If you were encoding a long movie, MEncoder |
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60 prints the recommended bitrate values for 650Mb, 700Mb, and 800Mb |
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61 destination sizes, after this pass finishes.</P></LI> |
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62 <LI>Second pass: |
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63 <P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy |
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64 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:vbitrate=<bitrate></CODE></P> |
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65 <P>This is the first pass of video encoding. |
7814 | 66 Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of |
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67 the previous pass.</P></LI> |
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68 <LI>Third pass: |
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69 <P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy |
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70 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:vbitrate=<bitrate></CODE></P> |
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71 <P>This is the second pass of video encoding. |
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72 Specify the same bitrate as in the previous pass unless you really know |
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73 what you are doing. In this pass, audio from <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE> |
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74 will be inserted into the destination file.. and it's all ready!</P></LI> |
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75 </OL> |
4397 | 76 |
7047 | 77 <H4>Example for 3-pass encoding:</H4> |
4397 | 78 |
79 <P><CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, | |
80 which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current | |
81 one)<BR> | |
6960 | 82 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno |
8497 | 83 -o frameno.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3<BR> |
7640 | 84 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc |
8497 | 85 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o movie.avi<BR> |
7640 | 86 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc |
8497 | 87 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o movie.avi</CODE></P> |
4397 | 88 |
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89 |
9164 | 90 <H2><A NAME="mpeg">7.2 Encoding to MPEG format</A></H2> |
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91 |
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92 <P>MEncoder can create MPEG (MPEG-PS) format output files. It's probably |
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93 useful only with libavcodec's <I>mpeg1video</I> codec, because players |
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94 - except MPlayer - expect MPEG1 video, and MPEG1 layer 2 (MP2) audio streams |
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95 in MPEG files.</P> |
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96 |
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97 <P>This feature is not very useful right now, aside that it probably has |
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98 many bugs, but the more importantly because MEncoder currently cannot encode |
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99 MPEG1 layer 2 (MP2) audio, which all other players expect in MPEG files.</P> |
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100 |
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101 <P>To change MEncoder's output file format, use the <CODE>-of mpeg</CODE> |
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102 option.</P> |
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103 |
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104 <P>Example:<BR> |
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105 <CODE>mencoder -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video |
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106 -oac copy <other options> media.avi -o output.mpg</CODE></P> |
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107 |
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108 |
9164 | 109 <H2><A NAME="rescaling">7.3 Rescaling movies</A></H2> |
3438 | 110 |
8260 | 111 <P>Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be |
112 many: decreasing file size, network bandwidth, etc. Most people | |
113 even do rescaling when converting DVDs or SVCDs to DivX AVI. <B>This is bad.</B> | |
114 Instead of even you doing so, read the <A HREF="#aspect">Preserving | |
115 aspect ratio</A> section.</P> | |
3438 | 116 |
5968 | 117 <P>The scaling process is handled by the <I>'scale'</I> video filter: |
9456 | 118 <CODE>-vop scale=width:height</CODE>. Its quality can be set with the |
7814 | 119 <CODE>-sws</CODE> option. If it's not specified, MEncoder will use 0: |
5968 | 120 fast bilinear.</P> |
3438 | 121 |
9302 | 122 <H4>Usage:</H4> |
8260 | 123 |
124 <P><CODE> mencoder input.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts | |
8497 | 125 vcodec=mpeg4 -vop scale=640:480 -oac copy -o |
8260 | 126 output.avi</CODE></P> |
3438 | 127 |
4680 | 128 |
9164 | 129 <H2><A NAME="copying">7.4 Stream copying</A></H2> |
2868 | 130 |
7814 | 131 <P>MEncoder can handle input streams in two ways: <B>encode</B> or |
3438 | 132 <B>copy</B> them. This section is about <B>copying</B>.</P> |
2868 | 133 |
3438 | 134 <UL> |
6960 | 135 <LI><B>Video stream</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): nice stuff can be |
136 done :)<BR> | |
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137 Like, putting (not converting) FLI or VIVO or MPEG1 video into |
7814 | 138 an AVI file. Of course only MPlayer can play such files :) And it |
6960 | 139 probably has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying |
140 can be useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded | |
141 (like, uncompressed PCM to MP3).</LI> | |
3438 | 142 |
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143 <LI><B>Audio stream</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): straightforward. |
6960 | 144 It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, Vorbis) and mux it |
145 into the output stream. Use the <CODE>-audiofile <filename></CODE> | |
146 option for this.</LI> | |
3438 | 147 </UL> |
148 | |
4680 | 149 |
9164 | 150 <H2><A NAME="fixing">7.5 Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</A></H2> |
3583 | 151 |
152 <P>Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and | |
7814 | 153 MEncoder generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs |
6960 | 154 in the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken |
155 interleaving, thus the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option won't be needed for them | |
156 anymore.</P> | |
3583 | 157 |
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158 <P>Command: <CODE>mencoder -idx input.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
3583 | 159 |
9232 | 160 |
161 <H3><A NAME="appending">7.5.1 Appending multiple AVI files</A></H3> | |
9227 | 162 |
9282 | 163 <P>As a side-effect, the broken AVI fixer function enables MEncoder to append |
164 2 (or more) AVI files:</P> | |
9227 | 165 |
166 <P>Command: <CODE>cat 1.avi 2.avi | mencoder -noidx -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi -</CODE></P> | |
167 | |
9282 | 168 <P><B>Note:</B> This expects <CODE>1.avi</CODE> and <CODE>2.avi</CODE> to use the same codecs, resolution, |
9232 | 169 stream rate etc, and at least 1.avi must not be broken. You may need to fix |
170 your input AVI files first, as described <A HREF="#fixing">above</A>.</P> | |
171 | |
3721 | 172 |
9164 | 173 <H2><A NAME="libavcodec">7.6 Encoding with the libavcodec codec family</A></H2> |
3721 | 174 |
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175 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> provides simple encoding to a |
6960 | 176 lot of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are |
177 unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs:</P> | |
3721 | 178 |
179 <UL> | |
180 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI> | |
3774 | 181 <LI>h263 - H263</LI> |
3721 | 182 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI> |
8930 | 183 <LI>mpeg4 - ISO standard MPEG-4 (DivX 5, XVID compatible)</LI> |
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184 <LI>msmpeg4 - pre-standard MPEG-4 variant by MS, v3 (aka DivX3)</LI> |
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185 <LI>msmpeg4v2 - pre-standard MPEG-4 by MS, v2 (used in old asf files)</LI> |
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186 <LI>wmv1 - Windows Media Video, version 1 (aka WMV7)</LI> |
3721 | 187 <LI>rv10 - an old RealVideo codec</LI> |
188 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI> | |
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189 <LI>huffyuv - lossless compression</LI> |
3721 | 190 </UL> |
191 | |
192 <P>The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the | |
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193 <CODE>vcodec</CODE> config, like: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P> |
3721 | 194 |
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195 <P>An example, with MJPEG compression:<BR> |
6960 | 196 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc |
7640 | 197 -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -oac copy</CODE></P> |
3912 | 198 |
4680 | 199 |
9164 | 200 <H2><A NAME="image_files">7.7 Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs, PNGs or TGAs)</A></H2> |
4919 | 201 |
7814 | 202 <P>MEncoder is capable of creating movies from one or more JPEG, PNG or TGA |
7366 | 203 files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG |
204 (Motion PNG) or MTGA (Motion TGA) files.</P> | |
4919 | 205 |
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206 Explanation of the process: |
4919 | 207 |
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208 <OL> |
7814 | 209 <LI>MEncoder <I>decodes</I> the input image(s) with |
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210 <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> (when decoding PNGs, it will use <B>libpng</B>).</LI> |
4919 | 211 |
7814 | 212 <LI>MEncoder then feeds the decoded image to the chosen video compressor |
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213 (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...).</LI> |
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214 </OL> |
4919 | 215 |
7047 | 216 <H4>Examples</H4> |
4919 | 217 |
218 <P>The explanation of the <CODE>-mf</CODE> option can be found below in the | |
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219 man page.</P> |
4919 | 220 |
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221 <P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
9087 | 222 <CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 |
223 -o output.avi \*.jpg</CODE></P> | |
4919 | 224 |
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225 <P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from some JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
9087 | 226 <CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 |
227 -ovc divx4 -o output.avi frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg</CODE></P> | |
5378 | 228 |
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229 <P><I>Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
9087 | 230 <CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy |
231 -o output.avi \*.jpg</CODE></P> | |
4919 | 232 |
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233 <P><I>Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
9165 | 234 <CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc rawrgb |
9087 | 235 -o output.avi \*.png</CODE></P> |
4919 | 236 |
9232 | 237 <P><B>Note:</B> Width must be integer multiple of 4, it's a limitation of the |
238 RAW RGB AVI format.</P> | |
9227 | 239 |
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240 <P><I>Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
9087 | 241 <CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy |
242 -o output.avi \*.png</CODE></P> | |
4919 | 243 |
7366 | 244 <P><I>Creating a Motion TGA (MTGA) file from all the TGA files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
9087 | 245 <CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy |
246 -o output.avi \*.tga</CODE></P> | |
7366 | 247 |
4919 | 248 |
9164 | 249 <H2><A NAME="vobsub">7.8 Extracting DVD subtitles to a Vobsub file</A></H2> |
6711 | 250 |
7814 | 251 <P>MEncoder is capable of extracting subtitles from a DVD into |
6960 | 252 Vobsub fomat files. They consist of a pair of files ending in |
253 <CODE>.idx</CODE> and <CODE>.sub</CODE> and are usually packaged in a single | |
7814 | 254 <CODE>.rar</CODE> archive. MPlayer can play these with the |
6960 | 255 <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> and <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> options.</P> |
6711 | 256 |
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257 <P>You specify the basename (i.e without the <CODE>.idx</CODE> or |
6960 | 258 <CODE>.sub</CODE> extension) of the output files with <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE> |
259 and the index for this subtitle in the resulting files with | |
260 <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P> | |
6711 | 261 |
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262 <P>If the input is not from a DVD you should use <CODE>-ifo</CODE> to |
6960 | 263 indicate the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> file needed to construct the resulting |
264 <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P> | |
6711 | 265 |
6960 | 266 <P>If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> |
267 file you will need to use the <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> option to let it know | |
268 what language id to put in the <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P> | |
6711 | 269 |
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270 <P>Each run will append the running subtitle if the <CODE>.idx</CODE> and |
6960 | 271 <CODE>.sub</CODE> files already exist. So you should remove any before |
272 starting.</P> | |
6711 | 273 |
7047 | 274 <H4>Examples</H4> |
6711 | 275 |
276 <P><I>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing 3-pass encoding</I><BR> | |
6960 | 277 <CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR> |
278 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 | |
7640 | 279 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3</CODE><BR> |
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280 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=1</CODE><BR> |
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281 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=2 -vobsubout |
6960 | 282 subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P> |
6711 | 283 |
284 <P><I>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</I><BR> | |
6960 | 285 <CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR> |
286 <CODE>mencoder movie.mpg -ifo movie.ifo -vobsubout subtitles | |
287 -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P> | |
6711 | 288 |
7047 | 289 |
9164 | 290 <H2><A NAME="aspect">7.9 Preserving aspect ratio</A></H2> |
8260 | 291 |
292 <P>DVDs and SVCDs (i.e. MPEG1/2) files contain an aspect ratio value, | |
293 which describes how should the player scale the video stream, so humans | |
294 won't have egg heads (ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding | |
295 to AVI (DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers don't store this | |
296 value. Rescaling the movie is disgusting and time consuming, there | |
297 must be a better feature!</P> | |
298 | |
299 <P>There is.</P> | |
300 | |
301 <P>MPEG4 has an unique feature: the video stream can contain | |
302 its needed aspect ratio. Yes, just like MPEG1/2 files (DVD, SVCD). | |
303 Regretfully, there are <U>no</U> video players outside which support this | |
304 attribute. Except MPlayer.</P> | |
305 | |
306 <P>This feature can be used only with <B>libavcodec</B>'s <CODE>mpeg4</CODE> | |
307 codec. Keep in mind: although MPlayer will correctly play the created file, | |
308 other players will use the wrong aspect ratio.</P> | |
309 | |
310 <P>You seriously should crop the black bands over and below the movie image. | |
8402 | 311 See the manpage about the usage of the <CODE>cropdetect</CODE> and |
312 <CODE>crop</CODE> filters.</P> | |
8260 | 313 |
9302 | 314 <H4>Usage:</H4> |
8260 | 315 |
316 <P><CODE>$ mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts | |
317 vcodec=mpeg4:aspect=16.0/9.0 -vop crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> | |
318 | |
2674 | 319 </BODY> |
320 </HTML> |