Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/encoding.html @ 8814:9e4ef4ee2a06
YUV a:b:c explained
author | arpi |
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date | Mon, 06 Jan 2003 01:07:17 +0000 |
parents | 27bc01774674 |
children | 341d8083491a |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> |
2674 | 2 <HTML> |
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3 |
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4 <HEAD> |
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5 <TITLE>Encoding - MEncoder - The Movie Encoder for Linux</TITLE> |
6391 | 6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css"> |
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> |
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8 </HEAD> |
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9 |
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10 <BODY> |
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12 | |
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13 <H2><A NAME="encoding">2.4 Encoding with MEncoder</A></H2> |
6974 | 14 |
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15 <P>For the complete list of available MEncoder options and examples, please see |
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16 the man page.</P> |
3721 | 17 |
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18 <H3><A NAME="2pass">2.4.1 Encoding 2 or 3-pass DivX4</A></H3> |
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19 |
6960 | 20 <P><U><B>2-pass encoding:</B></U> the name comes from the fact that this method |
21 encodes the file <I>twice</I>. The first encoding (dubbed <I>pass</I>) | |
22 creates some temporary files (*.log) with a size of few megabytes, do not | |
23 delete them yet (you can delete the AVI). In the second pass, the 2-pass | |
24 output file is created, using the bitrate data from the temporary files. The | |
25 resulting file will have much better image quality. If this is the first time | |
26 you heard about this, you should consult some guides available on the | |
27 Net.</P> | |
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28 |
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29 <P>This example shows how to encode a DVD to a 2-pass DivX4 AVI. Just two |
6960 | 30 commands are needed:<BR> |
31 <CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, which | |
32 can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current | |
33 one)<BR> | |
7640 | 34 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts |
8497 | 35 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o movie.avi<BR> |
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36 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc -lavcopts |
8497 | 37 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o movie.avi</CODE></P> |
4397 | 38 |
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39 <P><U><B>3-pass encoding:</B></U> this is an extension of 2-pass encoding, |
4397 | 40 where the audio encoding takes place in a separate pass. This method enables |
41 estimation of recommended video bitrate in order to fit on a CD. Also, the | |
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42 audio is encoded only once, unlike in 2-pass mode. The schematics:</P> |
4397 | 43 |
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44 <OL> |
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45 <LI>Remove conflicting temporary file: |
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46 <P><CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></P></LI> |
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47 <LI>First pass: |
8497 | 48 <P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3 -o frameno.avi</CODE></P> |
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49 <P>An audio-only avi file will be created, containing |
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50 <B>only</B> the requested audio stream. Don't forget <CODE>-lameopts</CODE>, |
7814 | 51 if you need to set it. If you were encoding a long movie, MEncoder |
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52 prints the recommended bitrate values for 650Mb, 700Mb, and 800Mb |
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53 destination sizes, after this pass finishes.</P></LI> |
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54 <LI>Second pass: |
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55 <P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy |
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56 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:vbitrate=<bitrate></CODE></P> |
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57 <P>Alias the first pass of DivX4 video encoding. |
7814 | 58 Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of |
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59 the previous pass.</P></LI> |
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60 <LI>Third pass: |
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61 <P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy |
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62 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:vbitrate=<bitrate></CODE></P> |
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63 <P>Alias the second pass of DivX4 video encoding. |
7814 | 64 Optionally specify the video bitrate MEncoder printed at the end of |
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65 the previous pass. In this pass, audio from <CODE>frameno.avi</CODE> will |
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66 be inserted into the destination file.. and it's all ready!</P></LI> |
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67 </OL> |
4397 | 68 |
7047 | 69 <H4>Example for 3-pass encoding:</H4> |
4397 | 70 |
71 <P><CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - remove this file, | |
72 which can come from a previous 3-pass encoding (it interferes with current | |
73 one)<BR> | |
6960 | 74 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno |
8497 | 75 -o frameno.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3<BR> |
7640 | 76 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc |
8497 | 77 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o movie.avi<BR> |
7640 | 78 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc |
8497 | 79 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o movie.avi</CODE></P> |
4397 | 80 |
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81 <H3><A NAME="rescaling">2.4.2 Rescaling movies</A></H3> |
3438 | 82 |
8260 | 83 <P>Often the need to resize movie images' size emerges. Its reasons can be |
84 many: decreasing file size, network bandwidth, etc. Most people | |
85 even do rescaling when converting DVDs or SVCDs to DivX AVI. <B>This is bad.</B> | |
86 Instead of even you doing so, read the <A HREF="#aspect">Preserving | |
87 aspect ratio</A> section.</P> | |
3438 | 88 |
5968 | 89 <P>The scaling process is handled by the <I>'scale'</I> video filter: |
8260 | 90 <CODE>-vop scale=widht:height</CODE>. Its quality can be set with the |
7814 | 91 <CODE>-sws</CODE> option. If it's not specified, MEncoder will use 0: |
5968 | 92 fast bilinear.</P> |
3438 | 93 |
8260 | 94 <H5>Usage:</H5> |
95 | |
96 <P><CODE> mencoder input.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts | |
8497 | 97 vcodec=mpeg4 -vop scale=640:480 -oac copy -o |
8260 | 98 output.avi</CODE></P> |
3438 | 99 |
4680 | 100 |
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101 <H3><A NAME="copying">2.4.3 Stream copying</A></H3> |
2868 | 102 |
7814 | 103 <P>MEncoder can handle input streams in two ways: <B>encode</B> or |
3438 | 104 <B>copy</B> them. This section is about <B>copying</B>.</P> |
2868 | 105 |
3438 | 106 <UL> |
6960 | 107 <LI><B>Video stream</B> (option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): nice stuff can be |
108 done :)<BR> | |
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109 Like, putting (not converting) FLI or VIVO or MPEG1 video into |
7814 | 110 an AVI file. Of course only MPlayer can play such files :) And it |
6960 | 111 probably has no real life value at all. Rationally: video stream copying |
112 can be useful for example when only the audio stream has to be encoded | |
113 (like, uncompressed PCM to MP3).</LI> | |
3438 | 114 |
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115 <LI><B>Audio stream</B> (option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): straightforward. |
6960 | 116 It is possible to take an external audio file (MP3, Vorbis) and mux it |
117 into the output stream. Use the <CODE>-audiofile <filename></CODE> | |
118 option for this.</LI> | |
3438 | 119 </UL> |
120 | |
4680 | 121 |
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122 <H3><A NAME="fixing">2.4.4 Fixing AVIs with broken index or interleaving</A></H3> |
3583 | 123 |
124 <P>Easiest thing. We simply copy the video and audio streams, and | |
7814 | 125 MEncoder generates the index. Of course this cannot fix possible bugs |
6960 | 126 in the video and/or audio streams. It also fixes files with broken |
127 interleaving, thus the <CODE>-ni</CODE> option won't be needed for them | |
128 anymore.</P> | |
3583 | 129 |
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130 <P>Command: <CODE>mencoder -idx input.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
3583 | 131 |
3721 | 132 |
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133 <H3><A NAME="libavcodec">2.4.5 Encoding with the libavcodec codec family</A></H3> |
3721 | 134 |
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135 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> provides simple encoding to a |
6960 | 136 lot of interesting video and audio formats (currently its audio codecs are |
137 unsupported). You can encode to the following codecs:</P> | |
3721 | 138 |
139 <UL> | |
140 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI> | |
3774 | 141 <LI>h263 - H263</LI> |
3721 | 142 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI> |
143 <LI>mpeg4 - DivX4</LI> | |
144 <LI>msmpeg4 - the old DivX</LI> | |
5973 | 145 <LI>msmpeg4v2 - Micro$oft MPEG4 V2 (DivX alias MP43 predecessor)</LI> |
3721 | 146 <LI>rv10 - an old RealVideo codec</LI> |
147 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1 video :)</LI> | |
148 </UL> | |
149 | |
150 <P>The first column contains the codec names that should be passed after the | |
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151 <CODE>vcodec</CODE> config, like: <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P> |
3721 | 152 |
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153 <P>An example, with MJPEG compression:<BR> |
6960 | 154 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -o title2.avi -ovc lavc |
7640 | 155 -lavcopts vcodec=mjpeg -oac copy</CODE></P> |
3912 | 156 |
4680 | 157 |
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158 <H3><A NAME="image_files">2.4.6 Encoding from multiple input image files (JPEGs, PNGs or TGAs)</A></H3> |
4919 | 159 |
7814 | 160 <P>MEncoder is capable of creating movies from one or more JPEG, PNG or TGA |
7366 | 161 files. With simple framecopy it can create MJPEG (Motion JPEG), MPNG |
162 (Motion PNG) or MTGA (Motion TGA) files.</P> | |
4919 | 163 |
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164 Explanation of the process: |
4919 | 165 |
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166 <OL> |
7814 | 167 <LI>MEncoder <I>decodes</I> the input image(s) with |
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168 <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> (when decoding PNGs, it will use <B>libpng</B>).</LI> |
4919 | 169 |
7814 | 170 <LI>MEncoder then feeds the decoded image to the chosen video compressor |
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171 (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...). Watch for the PNG decoder, as |
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172 currently it can output only to RGB formats, thus can't be used with codecs |
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173 that require YUV as input, like DivX4 or ffmpeg's msmpeg4.</LI> |
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174 </OL> |
4919 | 175 |
7047 | 176 <H4>Examples</H4> |
4919 | 177 |
178 <P>The explanation of the <CODE>-mf</CODE> option can be found below in the | |
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179 global <A HREF="#options">Options</A> section and in the man page.</P> |
4919 | 180 |
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181 <P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
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182 <CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 |
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183 -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
4919 | 184 |
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185 <P><I>Creating a DivX4 file from some JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
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186 <CODE>mencoder frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 |
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187 -ovc divx4 -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
5378 | 188 |
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189 <P><I>Creating a Motion JPEG (MJPEG) file from all the JPEG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
4919 | 190 <CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy |
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191 -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
4919 | 192 |
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193 <P><I>Creating an uncompressed file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
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194 <CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw |
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195 -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
4919 | 196 |
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197 <P><I>Creating a Motion PNG (MPNG) file from all the PNG files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
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198 <CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy |
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199 -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
4919 | 200 |
7366 | 201 <P><I>Creating a Motion TGA (MTGA) file from all the TGA files in the current dir:</I><BR> |
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202 <CODE>mencoder \*.tga -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy |
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203 -o output.avi</CODE></P> |
7366 | 204 |
4919 | 205 |
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206 <H3><A NAME="vobsub">2.4.7 Extracting DVD subtitles to a Vobsub file</A></H3> |
6711 | 207 |
7814 | 208 <P>MEncoder is capable of extracting subtitles from a DVD into |
6960 | 209 Vobsub fomat files. They consist of a pair of files ending in |
210 <CODE>.idx</CODE> and <CODE>.sub</CODE> and are usually packaged in a single | |
7814 | 211 <CODE>.rar</CODE> archive. MPlayer can play these with the |
6960 | 212 <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> and <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> options.</P> |
6711 | 213 |
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214 <P>You specify the basename (i.e without the <CODE>.idx</CODE> or |
6960 | 215 <CODE>.sub</CODE> extension) of the output files with <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE> |
216 and the index for this subtitle in the resulting files with | |
217 <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE>.</P> | |
6711 | 218 |
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219 <P>If the input is not from a DVD you should use <CODE>-ifo</CODE> to |
6960 | 220 indicate the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> file needed to construct the resulting |
221 <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P> | |
6711 | 222 |
6960 | 223 <P>If the input is not from a DVD and you do not have the <CODE>.ifo</CODE> |
224 file you will need to use the <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> option to let it know | |
225 what language id to put in the <CODE>.idx</CODE> file.</P> | |
6711 | 226 |
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227 <P>Each run will append the running subtitle if the <CODE>.idx</CODE> and |
6960 | 228 <CODE>.sub</CODE> files already exist. So you should remove any before |
229 starting.</P> | |
6711 | 230 |
7047 | 231 <H4>Examples</H4> |
6711 | 232 |
233 <P><I>Copying two subtitles from a DVD while doing 3-pass encoding</I><BR> | |
6960 | 234 <CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR> |
235 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout subtitles -vobsuboutindex 0 | |
7640 | 236 -sid 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3</CODE><BR> |
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237 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=1</CODE><BR> |
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238 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=2 -vobsubout |
6960 | 239 subtitles -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P> |
6711 | 240 |
241 <P><I>Copying a french subtitle from an MPEG file</I><BR> | |
6960 | 242 <CODE>rm subtitles.idx subtitles.sub</CODE><BR> |
243 <CODE>mencoder movie.mpg -ifo movie.ifo -vobsubout subtitles | |
244 -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P> | |
6711 | 245 |
7047 | 246 |
8260 | 247 <H3><A NAME="aspect">2.4.8 Preserving aspect ratio</A></H3> |
248 | |
249 <P>DVDs and SVCDs (i.e. MPEG1/2) files contain an aspect ratio value, | |
250 which describes how should the player scale the video stream, so humans | |
251 won't have egg heads (ex.: 480x480 + 4:3 = 640x480). However when encoding | |
252 to AVI (DivX) files, you have be aware that AVI headers don't store this | |
253 value. Rescaling the movie is disgusting and time consuming, there | |
254 must be a better feature!</P> | |
255 | |
256 <P>There is.</P> | |
257 | |
258 <P>MPEG4 has an unique feature: the video stream can contain | |
259 its needed aspect ratio. Yes, just like MPEG1/2 files (DVD, SVCD). | |
260 Regretfully, there are <U>no</U> video players outside which support this | |
261 attribute. Except MPlayer.</P> | |
262 | |
263 <P>This feature can be used only with <B>libavcodec</B>'s <CODE>mpeg4</CODE> | |
264 codec. Keep in mind: although MPlayer will correctly play the created file, | |
265 other players will use the wrong aspect ratio.</P> | |
266 | |
267 <P>You seriously should crop the black bands over and below the movie image. | |
8402 | 268 See the manpage about the usage of the <CODE>cropdetect</CODE> and |
269 <CODE>crop</CODE> filters.</P> | |
8260 | 270 |
271 <H5>Usage:</H5> | |
272 | |
273 <P><CODE>$ mencoder sample-svcd.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts | |
274 vcodec=mpeg4:aspect=16.0/9.0 -vop crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o output.avi</CODE></P> | |
275 | |
2674 | 276 </BODY> |
277 </HTML> |