annotate DOCS/xml/pl/tvinput.xml @ 29783:b8a8ebad6761

Add a profile example and (commented-out) useful defaults for dvdnav to example.conf
author reimar
date Thu, 05 Nov 2009 18:53:05 +0000
parents 32536be988ed
children
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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2 <!-- synced with r23536 -->
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3 <!-- Opiekun: Cobra -->
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4 <chapter id="tv">
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5 <title>TV</title>
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6
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7 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV input">
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8 <title>Wejście TV</title>
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9
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10 <para>
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11 Sekcja ta opisuje jak <emphasis role="bold">oglądać/nagrywać obraz
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12 za pomocą tunera TV kompatybilnego z V4L</emphasis>. Zajrzyj do strony man
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13 by zobaczyć opis opcji TV i klawiszy sterujących.
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14 </para>
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15
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16 <!-- ********** -->
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17
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18 <sect2 id="tv-compilation">
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19 <title>Kompilacja</title>
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20
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21 <procedure>
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22 <step><para>
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23 Najpierw musisz przekompilować. <filename>./configure</filename> wykryje
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24 automatycznie nagłówki jądra związane z V4L i obecność urządzeń
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25 <filename>/dev/video*</filename>. Jeśli istnieją, obsługa TV zostanie
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26 wbudowana (zobacz wynik działania <filename>./configure</filename>).
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27 </para></step>
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28 <step><para>
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29 Upewnij się, że Twój tuner działa z innymi programami do obsługi TV pod
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30 Linuksem, na przykład <application>XawTV</application>.
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31 </para></step>
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32 </procedure>
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33 </sect2>
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34
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35 <!-- ********** -->
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36
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37 <sect2 id="tv-tips">
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38 <title>Wskazówki użytkowania</title>
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39
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40 <para>
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41 Kompletna lista opcji dostępna jest na stronie man.
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42 Tu jest tylko kilka wskazówek:
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43
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44 <itemizedlist>
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45 <listitem><para>
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46 Używaj opcji <option>channels</option>. Przykład:
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47 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen>
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48 Wyjaśnienie: Jeśli użyjesz tej opcji, dostępne będą tylko kanały 23 i 26 oraz
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49 przy zmianie kanału pojawi się ładny napis na OSD, wyświetlający jego nazwę.
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50 Odstępy w nazwie kanału muszą zostać zastąpione znakiem "_".
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51 </para></listitem>
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52 <listitem><para>
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53 Używaj rozsądnych rozmiarów obrazu. Rozmiary obrazu wynikowego powinny
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54 być podzielne przez 16.
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55 </para></listitem>
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56 <listitem>
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57 <para>
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58 Jeśli nagrywasz obraz video o pionowej rozdzielczości większej niż połowa
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59 rozdzielczości pełnej (np. 288 dla PAL lub 240 dla NTSC), wtedy 'ramki'
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60 które otrzymasz będą tak naprawdę parami poprzeplatanych (interleaved) pól.
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61 W zależności od tego, co chcesz zrobić ze strumieniem video, możesz go
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62 zostawić w takiej formie, użyć destrukcyjnego usuwania przeplotu
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63 (deinterlacing), albo rozdzielić pary na pojedyncze pola.
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64 </para>
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65 <para>
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66 W przeciwnym wypadku dostaniesz film, który jest zniekształcony w trakcie
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67 scen o dużej dynamice, a wskazana szybkość transmisji (bitrate)
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68 prawdopodobnie nie będzie nawet mogła być utrzymana przez kontroler szybkości
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69 (bitrate controller), ponieważ artefakty przeplotu tworzą duże ilości
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70 szczegółów, a co za tym idzie, potrzebują dużej przepustowości. Możesz
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71 włączyć usuwanie przeplotu za pomocą opcji <option>-vf pp=TYP_DEINT</option>.
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72 Zwykle <option>pp=lb</option> spisuje się dobrze, ale to kwestia gustu.
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73 Poczytaj o innych algorytmach usuwania przeplotu na stronie man i zacznij
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74 eksperymentować.
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75 </para>
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76 </listitem>
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77 <listitem><para>
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78 Usuwaj "martwe miejsca". Kiedy nagrywasz video, są pewnie miejsca przy
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79 brzegach, które są zazwyczaj czarne lub zawierają szum.
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80 Jak się łatwo domyślić, niepotrzebnie zużywają sporo przepustowości
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81 (dokładniej, to nie same czarne miejsca, lecz ostre przejścia pomiędzy
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82 czarnym kolorem i jaśniejszym obrazem video, ale nie jest to akurat takie
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83 ważne). Zanim zaczniesz nagrywać, ustaw argumenty opcji <option>crop</option>
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84 by wyciąć wszystkie "śmieci" na brzegach.
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85 Oczywiście nie zapomnij o utrzymaniu prawidłowych wymiarów obrazu.
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86 </para></listitem>
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87 <listitem><para>
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88 Uważaj na obciążenie CPU. Przez większość czasu Nie powinno ono przekroczyć
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89 granicy 90%.
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90 Jeśli masz duży bufor nagrywania, <application>MEncoder</application> może
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91 przetrwać przeciążenie przez najwyżej kilka sekund i nic więcej.
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92 Lepiej więc wyłączyć wszystkie trójwymiarowe wygaszacze OpenGL i inne tego
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93 typu bajery.
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94 </para></listitem>
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95 <listitem><para>
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96 Nie mieszaj z zegarem systemowym. <application>MEncoder</application>
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97 korzysta z niego do synchronizacji A/V. Jeśli zmodyfikujesz zegar systemowy
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98 (zwłaszcza wstecz), <application>MEncoder</application> się pogubi i utraci
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99 klatki. Jest to bardzo ważna sprawa jeśli jesteś podpięty do sieci i używasz
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100 do synchronizacji czasu różnych programów typu NTP. Musisz wyłączyć NTP
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101 w trakcie nagrywania, jeśli chcesz, by było ono przeprowadzone niezawodnie.
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102 </para></listitem>
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103 <listitem><para>
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104 Nie zmieniaj opcji <option>outfmt</option>, chyba, że wiesz co robisz lub
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105 Twoja karta/sterownik naprawdę nie obsługuje ustawienia domyślnego
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106 (przestrzeń kolorów YV12). W poprzednich wersjach
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107 <application>MPlayera</application>/<application>MEncodera</application>
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108 konieczne było podanie formatu wyjścia.
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109 Ten problem powinien być rozwiązany w aktualnych wydaniach i opcja
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110 <option>outfmt</option> nie jest już wymagana, a ustawienie domyślne powinno
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111 pasować każdemu. Na przykład, jeśli nagrywasz do formatu DivX używając
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112 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> i podasz opcję
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113 <option>outfmt=RGB24</option> aby zwiększyć jakość nagrywanego obrazu,
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114 zostanie on i tak później z powrotem przekonwertowany do YV12, więc jedyne,
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115 co osiągniesz, to ogromna strata mocy obliczeniowej.
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116 </para></listitem>
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117 <listitem><para>
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118 By użyć przestrzeni kolorów I420 (<option>outfmt=i420</option>), musisz dodać
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119 opcję <option>-vc rawi420</option> z powodu konfliktu fourcc z kodekiem Intel
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120 Indeo.
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121 </para></listitem>
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122 <listitem><para>
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123 Jest kilka sposobów na nagrywanie audio. Możesz nagrywać dźwięk za pomocą
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124 Twojej karty dźwiękowej korzystając z zewnętrznego kabla pomiędzy kartą video
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125 i wejściem liniowym lub korzystając z wbudowanego w układ bt878 przetwornika
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126 ADC. W tym drugim przypadku musisz załadować sterownik
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127 <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis>. Przeczytaj plik
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128 <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> (w drzewie jądra,
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129 a nie <application>MPlayera</application>) by dowiedzieć się jak korzystać
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130 z tego sterownika.
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131 </para></listitem>
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132 <listitem><para>
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133 Jeśli <application>MEncoder</application> nie może otworzyć urządzenia
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134 dźwiękowego, upewnij się, że jest ono rzeczywiście dostępne. Zdarzają się
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135 problemy z serwerami dźwięku typu aRts (KDE) lub ESD (GNOME). Jeśli masz
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136 kartę full-duplex (prawie wszystkie przyzwoite karty dostępne obecnie
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137 obsługują tę funkcję) i korzystasz z KDE, spróbuj zaznaczyć opcję "Działanie
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138 w pełni dupleksowe" ("full duplex") w konfiguracji serwera dźwięku.
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139 </para></listitem>
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140 </itemizedlist>
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141 </para>
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142 </sect2>
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143
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144 <!-- ********** -->
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145
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146 <sect2 id="tv-examples">
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147 <title>Przykłady</title>
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148
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149 <informalexample><para>
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150 Puste wyjście, do AAlib :)
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151 <screen>
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152 mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://
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153 </screen>
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154 </para></informalexample>
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155
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156 <informalexample><para>
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157 Wejście ze standardowego V4L:
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158 <screen>
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159 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv://
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160 </screen>
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161 </para></informalexample>
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162
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163 <informalexample><para>
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164 Bardziej skomplikowany przykład. Każe on <application>MEncoderowi</application>
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165 nagrać pełen obraz PAL, wykadrować go i usunąć przeplot korzystając z algorytmu
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166 liniowego zlewania (linear blend). Audio jest kompresowane ze stałą
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167 szybkością równą 64kbps, przy użyciu kodeka LAME. To ustawienie jest
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168 dobre do nagrywania filmów.
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169 <screen>
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170 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64 \
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171 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \
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172 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>wyjscie.avi</replaceable> tv://
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173 </screen>
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174 </para></informalexample>
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175
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176 <informalexample><para>
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177 Ten przykład dodatkowo przeskaluje obraz do 384x288 i skompresuje video
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178 z szybkością 350kbps w trybie wysokiej jakości. Opcja <option>vqmax</option>
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179 uwalnia kwantyzator i pozwala kompresorowi video na osiągnięcie tak
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180 niskiej szybkości nawet kosztem jakości obrazu. Może być to używane do
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181 nagrywania długich seriali TV, kiedy jakość obrazu nie jest tak ważna.
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182 <screen>
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183 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \
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184 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \
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185 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>wyjscie.avi</replaceable> \
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186 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=lb,scale=384:288 tv://
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187 </screen>
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188 Jest również możliwe podanie mniejszych wymiarów obrazu w opcji
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189 <option>-tv</option> i pominięcie programowego skalowania, ale to podejście
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190 wykorzystuje maksymalną ilość dostępnych informacji i jest trochę bardziej
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191 odporne na szum.
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192 Układy bt878, ze względu na ograniczenia sprzętowe, mogą stosować
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193 uśrednianie pikseli jedynie w kierunku poziomym.
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194 </para></informalexample>
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195 </sect2>
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196 </sect1>
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197
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198 </chapter>