Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/German/encoding.html @ 9302:e23939b2ac30
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author | gabucino |
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date | Thu, 06 Feb 2003 21:25:48 +0000 |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> |
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4 <HEAD> | |
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5 <TITLE>Encodieren - MEncoder - The Movie Encoder for Linux</TITLE> |
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css"> |
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> |
4996 | 8 </HEAD> |
9 | |
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10 <BODY> |
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12 | |
8956 | 13 <H2><A NAME="encoding">7. Encodieren mit MEncoder</A></H2> |
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14 |
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15 <P>Eine komplette Auflistung aller MEncoder-Optionen und aller Beispiele |
8956 | 16 findest du in der man-page. Einige sinnvolle Beispiele und detaillierte |
17 Anleitungen, wie die diversen Parameter benutzt werden, findest du in den | |
18 <A HREF="../tech/encoding-tips.txt">Encodierungstipps (englisch)</A>, die | |
19 von mehreren Emails auf der | |
20 <A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-users">mplayer-users</A> | |
21 zusammengetragen wurden. Durchsuche auch das | |
22 <A HREF="http://mplayerhq.hu/pipermail/mplayer-users/">Archiv</A>. Dort findest | |
23 du eine Unmenge an Diskussionen über alle möglichen Themen rund um | |
24 die Encodierung mit MEncoder.</P> | |
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25 |
8956 | 26 <H3><A NAME="2pass">7.1. MPEG4-Encodierung ("DivX") in zwei oder drei |
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27 Durchläufen </A></H3> |
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29 <P><U><B>2-pass-Encodierung:</B></U> Der Name kommt in der Tat daher, dass |
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30 diese Methode die Datei <I>zweimal</I> encodiert. Das erste Encodieren (1. |
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31 <P>Pass</I> [=Durchlauf]) erzeugt einige temporäre Dateien (*.log) mit |
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32 einer Dateigröße von nur wenigen MB. Lösche sie nicht (das AVI |
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33 kannst du aber löschen). Im zweiten Pass wird die Ausgabedatei unter |
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34 Verwendung der Bitraten-Daten der temporären Datei erzeugt. Die |
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35 endgültige Datei wird deswegen eine weitaus bessere Bildqualität |
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36 besitzen. Wenn dies das erst Mal ist, dass du davon hörst, solltest du |
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37 einige Guides im Internet lesen.</P> |
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38 |
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39 <P>Dieses Beispiel zeigt dir, wie du mit 2 Passes eine DVD in ein MPEG4-AVI |
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40 ("DivX") encodierst. Nur 2 Befehle sind erforderlich:<BR> |
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41 |
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42 <CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - Lösche diese Datei, |
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43 welche von einer früheren 3-Pass-Encodierung kommen kann (Sie führt zu |
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44 einem Konflikt mit der momentanen Encodierung).<BR> |
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45 |
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46 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts |
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47 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o film.avi</CODE><BR> |
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48 |
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49 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts |
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50 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o film.avi</CODE></P> |
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51 |
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52 <P><U><B>3-Pass-Encodierung:</B></U> Dies ist eine Erweiterung der |
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53 2-Pass-Encodierung, in der die Encodierung von Audio in einem separaten |
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54 Durchlauf erledigt wird. Diese Methode erlaubt es MEncoder, |
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55 Vorschläge für die Videobitrate zu machen, sodass das Ergebnis auf |
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56 eine CD passt. Auch wird der Ton im Unterschied zum 2-Pass nur einmal |
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57 encodiert. Das Schema: </P> |
3462 | 58 |
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59 <OL> |
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60 <LI>Lösche die alte Datei: |
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61 <P>CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></P></LI> |
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62 <LI>Erster Durchlauf: |
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63 <P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts |
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64 vbr=3 -o frameno.avi</CODE></P> |
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65 |
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66 <P>Hierbei wird ein AVI erstellt, das <B>nur</B> die gewählte |
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67 Audiospur enthält. Vergiss nicht, die <CODE>-lameopts</CODE> deinen |
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68 Wünschen anzupassen. Wenn du einen langen Film encodierst, so gibt |
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69 dir MEncoder am Schluss die empfohlenen Videobitraten aus, damit |
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70 ein resultierender Film auf eine 650MB-, eine 700MB- oder eine 800MB-CD |
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71 passt.</P></LI> |
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72 <LI>Zweiter Durchgang: |
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73 <P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy |
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74 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:vbitrate=<bitrate> |
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75 </CODE></P> |
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76 <P>Genauso wie der erste Durchgang vom DivX4-Beispiel oben. Gib hier die |
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77 nach dem ersten Durchlauf von MEncoderempfohlene oder eine andere |
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78 von dir gewählte Videobitrate an.</LI></P> |
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79 <LI>Dritter Durchgang: |
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80 <P><CODE>mencoder <file/DVD> -oac copy |
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81 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:vbitrate=<bitrate> |
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82 </CODE></P> |
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83 <P>Genauso wie der zweite Durchgang vom DivX4-Beispiel oben. Gib hier die |
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84 gleiche Bitrate wie im ersten Durchgang an, es sei denn, du weißt |
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85 genau, was du tust. In diesem Durchgang wird die im |
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86 ersten Durchgang encodierte Audiospur in die endgültige Datei |
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87 eingefügt. Nun ist alles fertig!</LI></P> |
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88 </OL> |
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89 |
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90 <H4>Beispiel einer 3-Pass-Encodierung:</H4> |
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92 <CODE> rm frameno.avi</CODE> - Lösche diese Datei, |
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93 welche von einer früheren 3-Pass-Encodierung kommen kann (Sie führt |
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94 zu einem Konflikt mit der momentanen Encodierung).<BR> |
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96 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno |
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97 -o frameno.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3<BR> |
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98 |
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99 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc |
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100 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o movie.avi<BR> |
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101 |
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102 mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc |
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103 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o movie.avi</CODE></P> |
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104 |
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9285 | 106 <H2><A NAME="mpeg">7.2 In das MPEG-Format encodieren</A></H2> |
107 | |
108 <P>MEncoder kann MPEG-Dateien (MPEG-PS) erstellen. Das ist wahrscheinlich | |
109 nur in Kombination mit dem <I>mpeg1video</I>-Codec der libavcodec sinnvoll, | |
110 da alle Player (bis auf MPlayer) MPEG1-Video und MPEG1 Layer 2 (MP2)-Audio | |
111 in MPEG-Dateien erwarten.</P> | |
112 | |
113 <P>Dieses Feature ist momentan nicht wirklich nützlich, mal davon | |
114 abgesehen, dass es wahrscheinlich noch einige Fehler enthält. Schlimmer | |
115 ist aber, dass MEncoder momentan kein MPEG1 Layer 2 (MP2)-Audio erzeugen | |
116 kann, das alle anderen Player in einer MPEG-Datei erwarten.</P> | |
117 | |
118 <P>Das Ausgabeformat von MEncoder kann mit <CODE>-of mpeg</CODE> auf MPEG | |
119 geändert werden.</P> | |
120 | |
121 <P>Beispiel:<BR> | |
122 <CODE>mencoder -of mpeg -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg1video | |
123 -oac copy <weitere Optionen> media.avi -o ausgabe.mpg</CODE></P> | |
124 | |
125 | |
126 | |
127 <H3><A NAME="rescaling">7.3. Skalierung von Filmen</A></H3> | |
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129 <P>Oftmals ist die Änderung der Bildgröße erforderlich. Die |
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130 Gründe dafür können verschieden sein: Dateigröße |
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131 verringern, Netzwerkbandbreite nicht überlasten etc. Viele Leute skalieren |
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132 das Bild auch, wenn sie von DVD zu SVCD oder DivX-AVI konvertieren. <B>Das ist |
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133 allgemein schlecht.</B> Wenn du das vermeiden willst, dann lies den Abschnitt |
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134 über das <A HREF="#aspect">Beibehalten des |
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135 Höhen-/Breitenverhältnisses</A>.</P> |
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136 |
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137 <P>Der Skalierungsprozess erfolgt durch den <I>'scale</I>-Videofilter: |
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138 <CODE>-vop scale=breite:hoehe</CODE>. Die Qualität kann durch die Option |
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139 <CODE>-sws</CODE> angegeben werden. Wenn nichts angegeben ist, verwendet |
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140 MEncoder 0: schnelle bilienare Filterung ('fast bilinear').</P> |
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141 |
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142 <H5>Verwendung:</H5> |
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144 <CODE> mencoder beispiel-svcd.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts |
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145 vcodec=mpeg4 -vop scale=640:480 -sws 2 -oac copy -o ausgabe.avi</CODE></P> |
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146 |
9285 | 147 <H3><A NAME="copying">7.4. Stream-Kopiermodus</A></H3> |
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148 |
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149 <P>MEncoder kann Input-Streams auf zwei Arten bearbeiten: |
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150 <B>encodieren</B> oder <B>kopieren (copy)</B>. Diese Sektion erklärt die |
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151 <B>Stream-Kopie</B>.</P> |
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152 |
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153 <UL> |
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154 <LI><B>Videostreams</B> (Option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): Es können nette |
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155 Sachen gemacht werden :)<BR> Wie das kopieren (nicht konvertieren) von FLI- |
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156 oder VIVO- oder MPEG1-Video in eine AVI-Datei. Natürlich ist nur |
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157 MPlayer in der Lage, solche Dateien abspielen :) Und vermutlich ist |
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158 das auch absolut nicht praxisrelevant. Das Kopieren von Videostream |
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159 kann nützlicher sein, wenn man zum Beispiel nur den Audiostream |
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160 encodieren will (z.B.: unkomprimiertes PCM zu MP3).</LI> |
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161 <LI><B>Audiostreams</B> (Option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): geht genauso.</LI> |
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162 Es ist möglich, eine externe Audiodatei (MP3, AC3, Vorbis) zu nehmen, |
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163 und diese dem Ausgabestream hinzuzufügen. Benutze dazu die Option |
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164 <CODE>-audiofile <dateiname></CODE>.</LI> |
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165 </UL> |
3462 | 166 |
167 | |
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169 schlechtem Interleaving</A></H3> |
3594 | 170 |
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171 <P>Trivial. Wir kopieren einfach die Video- und Audiostreams, und |
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172 MEncoder erzeugt den Index. Natürlich kann das keine Fehler in den |
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173 Video- und/oder Audiostreams beheben. Es kann auch Dateien mit kaputten |
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174 Interleaving reparieren, sodass die Option <CODE>-ni</CODE> für diese |
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175 nicht mehr gebraucht wird.</P> |
3594 | 176 |
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177 <P>Befehl: <CODE>mencoder -idx eingabe.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o |
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178 ausgabe.avi</CODE></P> |
3594 | 179 |
9285 | 180 <H3><A NAME="appending">7.5.1 Aneinanderhängen mehrerer AVI-Dateien</A> |
181 </H3> | |
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182 |
9285 | 183 <P>Ein Nebeneffekt des oben erwähnten Reparierens ist, dass MEncoder |
184 damit auch zwei oder mehrere aneinandergehängte AVI-Dateien reparieren | |
185 kann:</P> | |
186 | |
187 <P>Kommando: <CODE>cat 1.avi 2.avi | mencoder -noidx -ovc copy -oac copy -o | |
188 ausgabe.avi -</CODE></P> | |
189 | |
190 <P><B>Anmerkung:</B> Hier wird angenommen, das 1.avi und 2.avi den gleichen | |
191 Codec verwenden, die gleiche Auflöung und Streamrate besitzen etc., und | |
192 wenigstens 1.avi darf nicht defekt sein. Eventuell musst du, wie | |
193 <A HREF="#fixing">oben</A> beschrieben, die Quelldateien erst reparieren.</P> | |
194 | |
195 <H3><A NAME="libavcodec">7.6. Encodierung mit der | |
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196 <I>libavcodec</I>-Codec-Familie</A></H4> |
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197 |
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198 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> bietet eine einfache |
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199 Encodierung für viele interessante Video-und Audio-formate (momentan |
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200 werden deren Audio-Codecs nicht unterstützt). Du kannst zu folgenden |
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201 Codecs encodieren:</P> |
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202 |
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203 <UL> |
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204 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI> |
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205 <LI>h263 - H263</LI> |
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206 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI> |
8956 | 207 <LI>mpeg4 - ISO-Standard-MPEG4 (kompatibel zu DivX5, XviD)</LI> |
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208 <LI>msmpeg4 - pre-Standard-MPEG4-Variante von MS, v3 (aka DivX3)</LI> |
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209 <LI>msmpeg4v2 - pre-Standard-MPEG4-Variante von MS, v2 (wird in alten |
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210 ASF-Dateien benutzt)</LI> |
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211 <LI>rv10 - ein alter RealVideo-Codec</LI> |
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212 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1-Video :)</LI> |
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213 <LI>huffyuv - verlustfreie Kompression</LI> |
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214 </UL> |
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215 |
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216 <P>Die erste Spalte enthält den Codec-Namen, den du nach dem |
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217 <CODE>vcodec</CODE>-Stichwort übergibst, wie z.B.: |
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218 <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P> |
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219 |
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220 <P>Ein Beispiel mit MJPEG-Compression:<BR> |
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221 <CODE> mencoder -dvd 2 -o titel2.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts |
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222 vcodec=mjpeg -oac copy</CODE></P> |
4996 | 223 |
9285 | 224 <H3><A NAME="image_files">7.7. Encodierung von mehreren Einzelbildern |
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225 (JPEGs, PNGs oder TGAs)</A></H3> |
4996 | 226 |
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227 <P>MEncoder kann aus mehreren JPEG-, PNG- oder TGA-Einzelbildern |
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228 einen Film erstellen. Durch einfaches Kopieren der Bilder kann er MJPEG- |
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229 (Motion JPEG), MPNG- (Motion PNG) oder MTGA-Filme (Motion TGA) erzeugen.</P> |
4996 | 230 |
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231 <P>So läuft dieser Prozess ab:</P> |
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232 |
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233 <OL> |
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234 <LI>MEncoder <I>decodiert</I> das/die Eingangsbild(er) mit |
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235 <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> (wenn PNGs decodiert werden, wird die <B>libpng</B> |
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236 benutzt).</LI> |
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237 <LI>MEncoder führt die decodierten Bilder danach dem |
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238 gewählten Videokompressor zu (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...). |
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239 </LI> |
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240 </OL> |
4996 | 241 |
7079 | 242 <H4>Beispiele</H4> |
4996 | 243 |
9285 | 244 <P>Die Erklärung der <CODE>-mf</CODE>-Option kann in der Manpage gefunden |
245 werden.</P> | |
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246 |
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247 <P><I>Erstellung einer DivX4-Datei aus allen JPEG-Dateien im aktuellen |
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248 Verzeichnis:</I><BR> |
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249 |
9285 | 250 <CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 |
251 -o ausgabe.avi \*.jpg</CODE></P> | |
4996 | 252 |
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253 <P><I>Erstellung einer DivX4-Datei aus einigen JPEG-Dateien im aktuellen |
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254 Verzeichnis:</I><BR> |
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255 |
9285 | 256 <CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 |
257 -ovc divx4 -o ausgabe.avi frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg</CODE></P> | |
4996 | 258 |
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259 <P><I>Erstellung einer Motion JPEG-Datei (MJPEG) aus allen JPEG-Dateien im |
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260 aktuellen Verzeichnis:</I><BR> |
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261 |
9285 | 262 <CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy |
263 -o output.avi \*.jpg</CODE></P> | |
5446 | 264 |
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265 <P><I>Erstellung einer unkomprimierten Datei aus allen PNG-Dateien im |
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266 momentanen Verzeichnis:</I><BR> |
4996 | 267 |
9285 | 268 <CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc rawrgb |
269 -o output.avi \*.png</CODE></P> | |
270 | |
271 <P><B>Anmerkung:</B> Die Breite muss ein Vielfaches von 4 betragen, was eine | |
272 Beschränkung des RGB-AVI-Formates ist.</P> | |
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273 |
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274 <P><I>Erstellung einer Motion PNG-Datei (MPNG) aus allen PNG-Dateien im |
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275 momentanen Verzeichnis:</I><BR> |
4996 | 276 |
9285 | 277 <CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy |
278 -o output.avi \*.png</CODE></P> | |
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279 |
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280 <P><I>Erstellung einer Motion TGA-Datei (MTGA) aus allen TGA-Dateien im |
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281 aktuellen Verzeichnis:</I><BR> |
4996 | 282 |
9285 | 283 <CODE>mencoder -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy |
284 -o output.avi \*.tga</CODE></P> | |
4996 | 285 |
9285 | 286 <H3><A NAME="vobsub">7.8. Extrahieren von DVD-Untertiteln in eine |
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287 Vobsub-Datei</A></H3> |
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288 |
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289 <P>MEncoder kann Untertitel von einer DVD extrahieren und sie als Datei |
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290 im Vobsub-Format speichern. Dieses besteht aus einem Dateipaar |
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291 (<CODE>.sub</CODE> und <CODE>.idx</CODE>) und wird gewähnlich in ein |
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292 einziges <CODE>.rar</CODE> Archiv verpackt. MPlayer kann diese mit den |
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293 Optionen <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> und <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> wiedergeben.</P> |
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294 |
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295 <P>Du gibst mit <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE> den Basisnamen der Ausgabedatei (ohne |
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296 <CODE>.idx</CODE>- oder <CODE>.sub</CODE>-Endung) und mit |
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297 <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE> den Index des Untertitels der Ausgabedatei |
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298 an.</P> |
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299 |
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300 <P>Wenn die Eingabe nicht von einer DVD stammt, solltest du mit der Option |
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301 <CODE>-ifo</CODE> die Datei angeben, die zur Erstellung der resultierenden |
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302 <CODE>.idx</CODE>-Datei benötigt wird.</P> |
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303 |
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304 <P>Wenn die Eingabe nicht von einer DVD stammt und keine |
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305 <CODE>.ifo</CODE>-Datei vorhanden ist, benötigst du die |
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306 <CODE>-vobsuboutid</CODE>-Option, um MPlayer zu sagen, welche Sprach-ID |
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307 für die <CODE>.idx</CODE> Datei verwendet werden soll.</P> |
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308 |
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309 <P>Jeder Aufruf fügt neue Untertitel dazu, falls die <CODE>.idx</CODE>- |
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310 und <CODE>.sub</CODE>-Dateien bereits existieren. Sie sollten im Bedarfsfall |
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311 also vor dem Starten gelöscht werden.</P> |
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312 |
7079 | 313 <H4>Beispiele:</H4> |
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314 |
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315 <P><I>Kopieren zweier Untertitel von einer DVD mit 3-Pass-Encodierung</I><BR> |
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316 |
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317 <CODE>rm untertitel.idx untertitel.sub</CODE><BR> |
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318 |
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319 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout untertitel -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid |
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320 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3</CODE><BR> |
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321 |
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322 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts |
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323 pass=1</CODE><BR> |
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324 |
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325 <CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=2 |
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326 -vobsubout untertitel -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P> |
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327 |
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328 |
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329 <P><I>Kopieren eines französischen Untertitels von einer MPEG-Datei</I><BR> |
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330 |
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331 <CODE>rm untertitel.idx untertitel.sub</CODE><BR> |
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332 |
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333 <CODE>mencoder film.mpg -ifo film.ifo -vobsubout untertitel |
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334 -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P> |
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335 |
9285 | 336 <H3><A NAME="aspect">7.9. Das Höhen-/Breitenverhältnisses erhalten |
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337 </A></H3> |
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338 |
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339 <P>DVDs und SVCDs (z.B. MPEG1/2) enthalten einen Wert, der das Verhältnis |
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340 zwischen der Ausgebehöhe und der Ausgebebreite enthält. Der Player |
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341 sorgt dann durch Skalierung dafür, dass dieses Verhältnis erreicht |
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342 wird, sodass wir Menschen keine Eierköpfe sehen (Beispiel: die |
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343 Bildmaße betragen 480x480, das gespeicherte Verhältnis beträgt |
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344 4:3, und der Player spielt den Videostream dann bei 640x480 ab). Wenn du |
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345 allerdings solche Dateien in ein AVI umwandelst, dann musst du beachten, dass |
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346 das AVI-Format das Höhen-/Breitenverhältnis <B>nicht</B> speichern |
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347 kann. Die Skalierung beim Encodieren ist ein zeitraubender und |
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348 qualitätsmindernder Prozess. Es sollte doch eine bessere Möglichkeit |
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349 geben!?</P> |
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350 |
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351 <P>Ganz genau - die gibt es.</P> |
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352 |
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353 <P>MPEG4 enthält ein einzigartiges Feature: Im Videostream selber kann |
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354 das Höhen-/Breitenverhältnis gespeichert werden. Jop, genauso wie |
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355 bei MPEG1/2 (DVD, SVCD). Leider gibt es bisher <U>keinen</U> Videoplayer, der |
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356 dieses Feature unterstützt. Bis auf MPlayer natürlich.</P> |
3462 | 357 |
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358 <P>Dieses Feature kann nur in Verbindung mit dem <CODE>mpeg4</CODE>-Codec der |
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359 <B>libavcodec</B> genutzt werden. Denke immer daran, dass - auch wenn |
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360 MPlayer die Datei richtig wiedergeben wird - alle anderen Player ein |
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361 falsches Höhen-/Breitenverhältnis anzeigen werden.</P> |
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362 |
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363 <P>Du solltest ernsthaft in Erwägung ziehen, die eventuell vorhandenen |
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364 schwarzen Balken oberhalb und unterhalb des Bildes wegzuschneiden. Lies |
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365 in der man-Page dazu, wie du die <CODE>cropdetect</CODE>- und |
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366 <CODE>crop</CROP>-Filter benutzt.</P> |
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367 |
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368 <H5>Benutzung:</H5> |
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369 |
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370 <P><CODE>$ mencoder beispiel-svcd.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts |
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371 vcodec=mpeg4:aspect=16.0/9.0 -vop crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o |
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372 ausgabe.avi</CODE></P> |
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373 |
3462 | 374 </BODY> |
375 </HTML> |