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annotate DOCS/German/encoding.html @ 8846:e293d5eccd41

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bunkus: updated translations. removed the boldness from <B>MPlayer</B>. removed DOS newlines (yuck).
author mosu
date Wed, 08 Jan 2003 22:04:40 +0000
parents e4c5ee3aa3e9
children 9787abc8039e
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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2 <HTML>
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3
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4 <HEAD>
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5 <TITLE>Encodieren - MEncoder - The Movie Encoder for Linux</TITLE>
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6 <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="default.css">
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7 <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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8 </HEAD>
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9
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10 <BODY>
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13 <H2><A NAME="encoding">2.4. Encodieren mit MEncoder</A></H2>
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14
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15 <P>Eine komplette Auflistung aller MEncoder-Optionen und aller Beispiele
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16 findest du in der man-page.</P>
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17
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18 <H3><A NAME="2pass">2.4.1. MPEG4-Encodierung ("DivX") in zwei oder drei
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19 Durchl&auml;ufen </A></H3>
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20
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21 <P><U><B>2-pass-Encodierung:</B></U> Der Name kommt in der Tat daher, dass
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22 diese Methode die Datei <I>zweimal</I> encodiert. Das erste Encodieren (1.
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23 <P>Pass</I> [=Durchlauf]) erzeugt einige tempor&auml;re Dateien (*.log) mit
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24 einer Dateigr&ouml;&szlig;e von nur wenigen MB. L&ouml;sche sie nicht (das AVI
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25 kannst du aber l&ouml;schen). Im zweiten Pass wird die Ausgabedatei unter
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26 Verwendung der Bitraten-Daten der tempor&auml;ren Datei erzeugt. Die
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27 endg&uuml;ltige Datei wird deswegen eine weitaus bessere Bildqualit&auml;t
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28 besitzen. Wenn dies das erst Mal ist, dass du davon h&ouml;rst, solltest du
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29 einige Guides im Internet lesen.</P>
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30
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31 <P>Dieses Beispiel zeigt dir, wie du mit 2 Passes eine DVD in ein MPEG4-AVI
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32 ("DivX") encodierst. Nur 2 Befehle sind erforderlich:<BR>
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33
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34 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - L&ouml;sche diese Datei,
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35 welche von einer fr&uuml;heren 3-Pass-Encodierung kommen kann (Sie f&uuml;hrt zu
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36 einem Konflikt mit der momentanen Encodierung).<BR>
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37
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38 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts
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39 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o film.avi</CODE><BR>
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40
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41 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -lavcopts
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42 vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o film.avi</CODE></P>
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43
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44 <P><U><B>3-Pass-Encodierung:</B></U> Dies ist eine Erweiterung der
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45 2-Pass-Encodierung, in der die Encodierung von Audio in einem separaten
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46 Durchlauf erledigt wird. Diese Methode erlaubt es MEncoder,
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47 Vorschl&auml;ge f&uuml;r die Videobitrate zu machen, sodass das Ergebnis auf
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48 eine CD passt. Auch wird der Ton im Unterschied zum 2-Pass nur einmal
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49 encodiert. Das Schema: </P>
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50
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51 <OL>
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52 <LI>L&ouml;sche die alte Datei:
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53 <P>CODE>rm frameno.avi</CODE></P></LI>
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54 <LI>Erster Durchlauf:
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55 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;file/DVD&gt; -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts
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56 vbr=3 -o frameno.avi</CODE></P>
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57
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58 <P>Hierbei wird ein AVI erstellt, das <B>nur</B> die gew&auml;hlte
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59 Audiospur enth&auml;lt. Vergiss nicht, die <CODE>-lameopts</CODE> deinen
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60 W&uuml;nschen anzupassen. Wenn du einen langen Film encodierst, so gibt
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61 dir MEncoder am Schluss die empfohlenen Videobitraten aus, damit
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62 ein resultierender Film auf eine 650MB-, eine 700MB- oder eine 800MB-CD
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63 passt.</P></LI>
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64 <LI>Zweiter Durchgang:
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65 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;file/DVD&gt; -oac copy
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66 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1:vbitrate=&lt;bitrate&gt;
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67 </CODE></P>
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68 <P>Genauso wie der erste Durchgang vom DivX4-Beispiel oben. Gib hier die
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69 nach dem ersten Durchlauf von MEncoderempfohlene oder eine andere
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70 von dir gew&auml;hlte Videobitrate an.</LI></P>
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71 <LI>Dritter Durchgang:
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72 <P><CODE>mencoder &lt;file/DVD&gt; -oac copy
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73 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2:vbitrate=&lt;bitrate&gt;
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74 </CODE></P>
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75 <P>Genauso wie der zweite Durchgang vom DivX4-Beispiel oben. Gib hier die
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76 gleiche Bitrate wie im ersten Durchgang an, es sei denn, du wei&szlig;t
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77 genau, was du tust. In diesem Durchgang wird die im
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78 ersten Durchgang encodierte Audiospur in die endg&uuml;ltige Datei
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79 eingef&uuml;gt. Nun ist alles fertig!</LI></P>
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80 </OL>
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81
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82 <H4>Beispiel einer 3-Pass-Encodierung:</H4>
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83
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84 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rm frameno.avi</CODE> - L&ouml;sche diese Datei,
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85 welche von einer fr&uuml;heren 3-Pass-Encodierung kommen kann (Sie f&uuml;hrt
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86 zu einem Konflikt mit der momentanen Encodierung).<BR>
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87
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88 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc frameno
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89 -o frameno.avi -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3<BR>
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90
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91 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc
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92 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=1 -oac copy -o movie.avi<BR>
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93
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94 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -ovc lavc
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95 -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vpass=2 -oac copy -o movie.avi</CODE></P>
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96
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97
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98 <H3><A NAME="rescaling">2.4.2. Skalierung von Filmen</A></H3>
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99
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100 <P>Oftmals ist die &Auml;nderung der Bildgr&ouml;&szlig;e erforderlich. Die
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101 Gr&uuml;nde daf&uuml;r k&ouml;nnen verschieden sein: Dateigr&ouml;&szlig;e
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102 verringern, Netzwerkbandbreite nicht &uuml;berlasten etc. Viele Leute skalieren
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103 das Bild auch, wenn sie von DVD zu SVCD oder DivX-AVI konvertieren. <B>Das ist
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104 allgemein schlecht.</B> Wenn du das vermeiden willst, dann lies den Abschnitt
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105 &uuml;ber das <A HREF="#aspect">Beibehalten des
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106 H&ouml;hen-/Breitenverh&auml;ltnisses</A>.</P>
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107
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108 <P>Der Skalierungsprozess erfolgt durch den <I>'scale</I>-Videofilter:
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109 <CODE>-vop scale=breite:hoehe</CODE>. Die Qualit&auml;t kann durch die Option
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110 <CODE>-sws</CODE> angegeben werden. Wenn nichts angegeben ist, verwendet
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111 MEncoder 0: schnelle bilienare Filterung ('fast bilinear').</P>
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112
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113 <H5>Verwendung:</H5>
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114
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115 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder beispiel-svcd.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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116 vcodec=mpeg4 -vop scale=640:480 -sws 2 -oac copy -o ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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117
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118 <H3><A NAME="copying">2.4.3. Stream-Kopiermodus</A></H3>
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119
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120 <P>MEncoder kann Input-Streams auf zwei Arten bearbeiten:
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121 <B>encodieren</B> oder <B>kopieren (copy)</B>. Diese Sektion erkl&auml;rt die
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122 <B>Stream-Kopie</B>.</P>
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123
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124 <UL>
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125 <LI><B>Videostreams</B> (Option <CODE>-ovc copy</CODE>): Es k&ouml;nnen nette
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126 Sachen gemacht werden :)<BR> Wie das kopieren (nicht konvertieren) von FLI-
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127 oder VIVO- oder MPEG1-Video in eine AVI-Datei. Nat&uuml;rlich ist nur
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128 MPlayer in der Lage, solche Dateien abspielen :) Und vermutlich ist
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129 das auch absolut nicht praxisrelevant. Das Kopieren von Videostream
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130 kann n&uuml;tzlicher sein, wenn man zum Beispiel nur den Audiostream
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131 encodieren will (z.B.: unkomprimiertes PCM zu MP3).</LI>
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132 <LI><B>Audiostreams</B> (Option <CODE>-oac copy</CODE>): geht genauso.</LI>
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133 Es ist m&ouml;glich, eine externe Audiodatei (MP3, AC3, Vorbis) zu nehmen,
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134 und diese dem Ausgabestream hinzuzuf&uuml;gen. Benutze dazu die Option
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135 <CODE>-audiofile &lt;dateiname&gt;</CODE>.</LI>
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136 </UL>
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137
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138
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139 <H3><A NAME="fixing">2.4.4. Reparieren von AVIs mit defektem Index oder
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140 schlechtem Interleaving</A></H3>
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141
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142 <P>Trivial. Wir kopieren einfach die Video- und Audiostreams, und
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143 MEncoder erzeugt den Index. Nat&uuml;rlich kann das keine Fehler in den
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144 Video- und/oder Audiostreams beheben. Es kann auch Dateien mit kaputten
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145 Interleaving reparieren, sodass die Option <CODE>-ni</CODE> f&uuml;r diese
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146 nicht mehr gebraucht wird.</P>
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147
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148 <P>Befehl: <CODE>mencoder -idx eingabe.avi -ovc copy -oac copy -o
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149 ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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150
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151
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152 <H3><A NAME="libavcodec">2.4.5. Encodierung mit der
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153 <I>libavcodec</I>-Codec-Familie</A></H4>
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154
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155 <P><A HREF="codecs.html#libavcodec">libavcodec</A> bietet eine einfache
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156 Encodierung f&uuml;r viele interessante Video-und Audio-formate (momentan
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157 werden deren Audio-Codecs nicht unterst&uuml;tzt). Du kannst zu folgenden
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158 Codecs encodieren:</P>
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159
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160 <UL>
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161 <LI>mjpeg - Motion JPEG</LI>
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162 <LI>h263 - H263</LI>
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163 <LI>h263p - H263 Plus</LI>
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164 <LI>mpeg4 - ISO-Standard-MPEG4 (kompatibel zu DivX4/5, OpenDivX, XviD)</LI>
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165 <LI>msmpeg4 - pre-Standard-MPEG4-Variante von MS, v3 (aka DivX3)</LI>
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166 <LI>msmpeg4v2 - pre-Standard-MPEG4-Variante von MS, v2 (wird in alten
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167 ASF-Dateien benutzt)</LI>
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168 <LI>rv10 - ein alter RealVideo-Codec</LI>
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169 <LI>mpeg1video - MPEG1-Video :)</LI>
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170 <LI>huffyuv - verlustfreie Kompression</LI>
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171 </UL>
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172
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173 <P>Die erste Spalte enth&auml;lt den Codec-Namen, den du nach dem
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174 <CODE>vcodec</CODE>-Stichwort &uuml;bergibst, wie z.B.:
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175 <CODE>-lavcopts vcodec=msmpeg4</CODE></P>
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176
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177 <P>Ein Beispiel mit MJPEG-Compression:<BR>
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178 <CODE>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mencoder -dvd 2 -o titel2.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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179 vcodec=mjpeg -oac copy</CODE></P>
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180
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181 <H3><A NAME="image_files">2.4.6 Encodierung von mehreren Einzelbildern
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182 (JPEGs, PNGs oder TGAs)</A></H3>
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183
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184 <P>MEncoder kann aus mehreren JPEG-, PNG- oder TGA-Einzelbildern
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185 einen Film erstellen. Durch einfaches Kopieren der Bilder kann er MJPEG-
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186 (Motion JPEG), MPNG- (Motion PNG) oder MTGA-Filme (Motion TGA) erzeugen.</P>
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187
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188 <P>So l&auml;uft dieser Prozess ab:</P>
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189
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190 <OL>
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191
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192 <LI>MEncoder <I>decodiert</I> das/die Eingangsbild(er) mit
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193 <CODE>libjpeg</CODE> (wenn PNGs decodiert werden, wird die <B>libpng</B>
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194 benutzt).</LI>
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195 <LI>MEncoder f&uuml;hrt die decodierten Bilder danach dem
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196 gew&auml;hlten Videokompressor zu (DivX4, Xvid, ffmpeg msmpeg4, etc...).
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197 </LI>
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198 </OL>
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199
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200 <H4>Beispiele</H4>
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201
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202 <P>Die Erkl&auml;rung der <CODE>-mf</CODE>-Option kann unten in der globalen
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203 <A HREF=#options>Optionen</A>-Sektion und in den Manpages gefunden werden.</P>
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204
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205 <P><I>Erstellung einer DivX4-Datei aus allen JPEG-Dateien im aktuellen
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206 Verzeichnis:</I><BR>
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207
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208 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc divx4 -o
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209 ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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210
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211 <P><I>Erstellung einer DivX4-Datei aus einigen JPEG-Dateien im aktuellen
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212 Verzeichnis:</I><BR>
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213
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214 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder frame001.jpg,frame002.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25
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215 -ovc divx4 -o ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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216
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217 <P><I>Erstellung einer Motion JPEG-Datei (MJPEG) aus allen JPEG-Dateien im
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218 aktuellen Verzeichnis:</I><BR>
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219
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220 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.jpg -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25 -ovc copy -o
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221 ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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222
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223 <P><I>Erstellung einer unkomprimierten Datei aus allen PNG-Dateien im
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224 momentanen Verzeichnis:</I><BR>
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225
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226 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc raw
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227 -o ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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228
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229 <P><I>Erstellung einer Motion PNG-Datei (MPNG) aus allen PNG-Dateien im
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230 momentanen Verzeichnis:</I><BR>
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231
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232 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.png -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=png -ovc copy
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233 -o ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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234
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235 <P><I>Erstellung einer Motion TGA-Datei (MTGA) aus allen TGA-Dateien im
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236 aktuellen Verzeichnis:</I><BR>
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237
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238 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder \*.tga -mf on:w=800:h=600:fps=25:type=tga -ovc copy
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239 -o output.avi</CODE></P>
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240
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241 <H3><A NAME="vobsub">2.4.7. Extrahieren von DVD-Untertiteln in eine
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242 Vobsub-Datei</A></H3>
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243
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244 <P>MEncoder kann Untertitel von einer DVD extrahieren und sie als Datei
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245 im Vobsub-Format speichern. Dieses besteht aus einem Dateipaar
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246 (<CODE>.sub</CODE> und <CODE>.idx</CODE>) und wird gew&auml;hnlich in ein
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247 einziges <CODE>.rar</CODE> Archiv verpackt. MPlayer kann diese mit den
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248 Optionen <CODE>-vobsub</CODE> und <CODE>-vobsubid</CODE> wiedergeben.</P>
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249
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250 <P>Du gibst mit <CODE>-vobsubout</CODE> den Basisnamen der Ausgabedatei (ohne
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251 <CODE>.idx</CODE>- oder <CODE>.sub</CODE>-Endung) und mit
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252 <CODE>-vobsuboutindex</CODE> den Index des Untertitels der Ausgabedatei
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253 an.</P>
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254
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255 <P>Wenn die Eingabe nicht von einer DVD stammt, solltest du mit der Option
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256 <CODE>-ifo</CODE> die Datei angeben, die zur Erstellung der resultierenden
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257 <CODE>.idx</CODE>-Datei ben&ouml;tigt wird.</P>
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258
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259 <P>Wenn die Eingabe nicht von einer DVD stammt und keine
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260 <CODE>.ifo</CODE>-Datei vorhanden ist, ben&ouml;tigst du die
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261 <CODE>-vobsuboutid</CODE>-Option, um MPlayer zu sagen, welche Sprach-ID
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262 f&uuml;r die <CODE>.idx</CODE> Datei verwendet werden soll.</P>
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263
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264 <P>Jeder Aufruf f&uuml;gt neue Untertitel dazu, falls die <CODE>.idx</CODE>-
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265 und <CODE>.sub</CODE>-Dateien bereits existieren. Sie sollten im Bedarfsfall
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266 also vor dem Starten gel&ouml;scht werden.</P>
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267
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268 <H4>Beispiele:</H4>
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269
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270 <P><I>Kopieren zweier Untertitel von einer DVD mit 3-Pass-Encodierung</I><BR>
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271
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272 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm untertitel.idx untertitel.sub</CODE><BR>
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273
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274 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -vobsubout untertitel -vobsuboutindex 0 -sid
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275 2 -o frameno.avi -ovc frameno -oac mp3lame -lameopts vbr=3</CODE><BR>
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276
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277 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts
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278 pass=1</CODE><BR>
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279
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280 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder -dvd 1 -oac copy -ovc divx4 -divx4opts pass=2
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281 -vobsubout untertitel -vobsuboutindex 1 -sid 5</CODE></P>
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282
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283
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284 <P><I>Kopieren eines franz&ouml;sischen Untertitels von einer MPEG-Datei</I><BR>
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285
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286 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>rm untertitel.idx untertitel.sub</CODE><BR>
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287
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288 &nbsp;&nbsp;<CODE>mencoder film.mpg -ifo film.ifo -vobsubout untertitel
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289 -vobsuboutindex 0 -vobsuboutid fr -sid 1</CODE></P>
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290
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291 <H3><A NAME="aspect">2.4.8. Das H&ouml;hen-/Breitenverh&auml;ltnisses erhalten
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292 </A></H3>
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293
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294 <P>DVDs und SVCDs (z.B. MPEG1/2) enthalten einen Wert, der das Verh&auml;ltnis
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295 zwischen der Ausgebeh&ouml;he und der Ausgebebreite enth&auml;lt. Der Player
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296 sorgt dann durch Skalierung daf&uuml;r, dass dieses Verh&auml;ltnis erreicht
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297 wird, sodass wir Menschen keine Eierk&ouml;pfe sehen (Beispiel: die
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298 Bildma&szlig;e betragen 480x480, das gespeicherte Verh&auml;ltnis betr&auml;gt
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299 4:3, und der Player spielt den Videostream dann bei 640x480 ab). Wenn du
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300 allerdings solche Dateien in ein AVI umwandelst, dann musst du beachten, dass
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301 das AVI-Format das H&ouml;hen-/Breitenverh&auml;ltnis <B>nicht</B> speichern
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302 kann. Die Skalierung beim Encodieren ist ein zeitraubender und
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303 qualit&auml;tsmindernder Prozess. Es sollte doch eine bessere M&ouml;glichkeit
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304 geben!?</P>
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305
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306 <P>Ganz genau - die gibt es.</P>
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307
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308 <P>MPEG4 enth&auml;lt ein einzigartiges Feature: Im Videostream selber kann
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309 das H&ouml;hen-/Breitenverh&auml;ltnis gespeichert werden. Jop, genauso wie
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310 bei MPEG1/2 (DVD, SVCD). Leider gibt es bisher <U>keinen</U> Videoplayer, der
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311 dieses Feature unterst&uuml;tzt. Bis auf MPlayer nat&uuml;rlich.</P>
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312
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313 <P>Dieses Feature kann nur in Verbindung mit dem <CODE>mpeg4</CODE>-Codec der
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314 <B>libavcodec</B> genutzt werden. Denke immer daran, dass - auch wenn
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315 MPlayer die Datei richtig wiedergeben wird - alle anderen Player ein
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316 falsches H&ouml;hen-/Breitenverh&auml;ltnis anzeigen werden.</P>
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317
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318 <P>Du solltest ernsthaft in Erw&auml;gung ziehen, die eventuell vorhandenen
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319 schwarzen Balken oberhalb und unterhalb des Bildes wegzuschneiden. Lies
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320 in der man-Page dazu, wie du die <CODE>cropdetect</CODE>- und
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321 <CODE>crop</CROP>-Filter benutzt.</P>
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322
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323 <H5>Benutzung:</H5>
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324
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325 <P><CODE>$ mencoder beispiel-svcd.mpg -ovc lavc -lavcopts
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326 vcodec=mpeg4:aspect=16.0/9.0 -vop crop=714:548:0:14 -oac copy -o
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327 ausgabe.avi</CODE></P>
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328
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329 </BODY>
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330 </HTML>