annotate ja/mq.tex @ 835:8a3041e6f3cb

reflect comments by Hiroshi Someya.

%\chapter{Managing change with Mercurial Queues}
\chapter{Mercurial Queues$B$GJQ99$r4IM}$9$k(B}
\label{chap:mq}

%\section{The patch management problem}
\section{$B%Q%C%A4IM}$NLdBj(B}
\label{sec:mq:patch-mgmt}

%Here is a common scenario: you need to install a software package from
%source, but you find a bug that you must fix in the source before you
%can start using the package.  You make your changes, forget about the
%package for a while, and a few months later you need to upgrade to a
%newer version of the package.  If the newer version of the package
%still has the bug, you must extract your fix from the older source
%tree and apply it against the newer version.  This is a tedious task,
%and it's easy to make mistakes.

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$B$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!%$3$l$OB`6~$G$7$+$b4V0c$$$d$9$$;E;v$@!%(B

%This is a simple case of the ``patch management'' problem.  You have
%an ``upstream'' source tree that you can't change; you need to make
%some local changes on top of the upstream tree; and you'd like to be
%able to keep those changes separate, so that you can apply them to
%newer versions of the upstream source.

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$B%=!<%9%D%j!<$,$"$l$P!$%"%C%W%9%H%j!<%`$N%D%j!<$N>e$G%m!<%+%k$JJQ99$r$7$J(B
$B$1$l$P$J$i$J$$!%$"$J$?$O%"%C%W%9%H%j!<%`%=!<%9$KE,MQ$G$-$k$h$&$K$-$C$H$3(B
$B$NJQ99$rJ,N%$7$F$*$-$?$$$H;W$&$O$:$@!%(B

%The patch management problem arises in many situations.  Probably the
%most visible is that a user of an open source software project will
%contribute a bug fix or new feature to the project's maintainers in the
%form of a patch.

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$B%s%=!<%9%=%U%H%&%'%"%W%m%8%'%/%H$N%f!<%6$,!$%W%m%8%'%/%H$N%a%s%F%J$K%P%0(B
$B%U%#%C%/%9$d?75!G=$r%Q%C%A$N7A$G9W8%$9$k$3$H$G$"$m$&!%(B

%Distributors of operating systems that include open source software
%often need to make changes to the packages they distribute so that
%they will build properly in their environments.

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$B%1!<%8$,H`$i$N4D6-$G@5$7$/%S%k%I$G$-$k$h$&$K%Q%C%1!<%8$XJQ99$r2C$($k$3$H(B
$B$,B?$$!%(B

%When you have few changes to maintain, it is easy to manage a single
%patch using the standard \command{diff} and \command{patch} programs
%(see section~\ref{sec:mq:patch} for a discussion of these tools).  Once
%the number of changes grows, it starts to make sense to maintain patches
%as discrete ``chunks of work,'' so that for example a single patch will
%contain only one bug fix (the patch might modify several files, but it's
%doing ``only one thing''), and you may have a number of such patches for
%different bugs you need fixed and local changes you require.  In this
%situation, if you submit a bug fix patch to the upstream maintainers of
%a package and they include your fix in a subsequent release, you can
%simply drop that single patch when you're updating to the newer release.

$B$b$7%a%s%F%J%s%9$7$F$$$kJQ99$,$4$/$o$:$+$J$i!$I8=`$N(B\command{diff}$B%3%^%s(B
$B%I$H(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$FC10l$N%Q%C%A$r4IM}$9$k$N$,4JC1$@!%!J$3(B
$B$l$i$N%D!<%k$K$D$$$F$O(B~\ref{sec:mq:patch}$B$N@a$r;2>H!%!KJQ99$N?t$,A}$($F$/(B
$B$k$H!$C10l$N%P%0%U%#%C%/%9$r4^$`8D!9$N%Q%C%A$r0l2t$N=89g$H$7$F4IM}$9$k$3(B
$B$H$,8=<BL#$rBS$S$F$/$k!%!J3F!9$N%Q%C%A$OJ#?t$N%U%!%$%k$rJQ99$9$k$+$b$7$l(B
$B$J$$$,!$L\E*$O(B1$B$D$-$j$G$"$k!%!K=$@5$7$?$$%P%0$,$$$/$D$b$"$C$?$j!$%m!<%+%k(B
$B$G$NMM!9$JJQ99$NI,MW$N$?$a!$?tB?$/$N$=$N$h$&$J%Q%C%A$r;}$D$3$H$K$J$k$+$b(B
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$BH`$i$,$"$J$?$N=$@5$r8e$N%j%j!<%9$K<h$j9~$a$P!$<j85$G?7$7$$%j%j!<%9$K@ZBX(B
$B$($?;~$K$OC1=c$K$=$N%Q%C%A$rGK4~$9$l$PNI$$!%(B

%Maintaining a single patch against an upstream tree is a little
%tedious and error-prone, but not difficult.  However, the complexity
%of the problem grows rapidly as the number of patches you have to
%maintain increases.With more than a tiny number of patches in hand,
%understanding which ones you have applied and maintaining them moves
%from messy to overwhelming.

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$BLLE]$G!$4V0c$$$N85$K$J$j$,$A$G$"$k$,!$Fq$7$/$O$J$$!%$7$+$7!$%a%s%F%J%s%9(B
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$B$,$"$kDxEY0J>eB?$/$J$k$H!$$I$N%Q%C%A$rE,MQ$7$?$+!$$I$N%Q%C%A$r4IM}$7$F$$(B
$B$k$N$+$NM}2r$,!$Lq2p$H$$$&>uBV$+$i05E]$5$l$k$F$$$k>uBV$K$J$k!%(B

%Fortunately, Mercurial includes a powerful extension, Mercurial Queues
%(or simply ``MQ''), that massively simplifies the patch management
%problem.

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$B%F%s%7%g%s$r$b$C$F$*$j!$%Q%C%A4IM}$NLdBj$rBgI}$KC1=c2=$9$k!%(B


%\section{The prehistory of Mercurial Queues}
\section{Mercurial Queues$BA0;K(B}
\label{sec:mq:history}

%During the late 1990s, several Linux kernel developers started to
%maintain ``patch series'' that modified the behaviour of the Linux
%kernel.  Some of these series were focused on stability, some on
%feature coverage, and others were more speculative.

1990$BG/Be$N=*$o$j:"!$(BLinux$B%+!<%M%k$N3+H/<TC#$O!$(BLinux$B%+!<%M%k$r2~A1$9$k0l(B
$BO"$N%Q%C%A$N4IM}$r;O$a$?!%$=$l$i$N$&$A!$$"$k$b$N$O0BDj@-$K!$JL$N$b$N$OFC(B
$BDj$N5!G=$K!$$^$?JL$N$b$N$OLn?4E*$JFbMF$KFC2=$7$F$$$?!%(B

%The sizes of these patch series grew rapidly.  In 2002, Andrew Morton
%published some shell scripts he had been using to automate the task of
%managing his patch queues.  Andrew was successfully using these
%scripts to manage hundreds (sometimes thousands) of patches on top of
%the Linux kernel.

$B$3$l$i$N%Q%C%A%7%j!<%:$N%5%$%:$O$O$9$0$KKD$l>e$,$C$?!%(B2002$BG/$K(BAndrew
Morton$B$OH`$N%Q%C%A%-%e!<$N4IM}$r<+F02=$9$k$$$/$D$+$N%7%'%k%9%/%j%W%H$r8x(B
$BI=$7$?!%(BAndrew$B$O?tI4$+$i?t@i$N(BLinux$B%+!<%M%k%Q%C%A$r$3$l$i$N%9%/%j%W%H$G(B
$B4IM}$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$F$$$?!%(B

%\subsection{A patchwork quilt}
\subsection{patchwork quilt}
\label{sec:mq:quilt}

%In early 2003, Andreas Gruenbacher and Martin Quinson borrowed the
%approach of Andrew's scripts and published a tool called ``patchwork
%quilt''~\cite{web:quilt}, or simply ``quilt''
%(see~\cite{gruenbacher:2005} for a paper describing it).  Because
%quilt substantially automated patch management, it rapidly gained a
%large following among open source software developers.

2003$BG/$N;O$a!$(BAndreas Gruenbacher$B$H(BMartin Quinson$B$O(BAndrew$B$N%9%/%j%W%H$N$d(B
$B$jJ}$r??;w$F!$(B``patchwork quilt''~\cite{web:quilt}$B$"$k$$$OC1$K(B``quilt''$B$H(B
$B8F$P$l$k%D!<%k$r%j%j!<%9$7$?!%!J>\$7$/$OO@J8(B~\cite{gruenbacher:2005}$B$r;2(B
$B>H$N$3$H!%!K(Bquilt$B$O==J,$K<+F02=$5$l$?%Q%C%A4IM}$rDs6!$7$F$$$?$N$G!$%=%U%H(B
$B%&%'%"3+H/<T$NBg$-$J;Y;}$r5^B.$K3MF@$7$F$$$C$?!%(B

%Quilt manages a \emph{stack of patches} on top of a directory tree.
%To begin, you tell quilt to manage a directory tree, and tell it which
%files you want to manage; it stores away the names and contents of
%those files.  To fix a bug, you create a new patch (using a single
%command), edit the files you need to fix, then ``refresh'' the patch.

quilt$B$O%G%#%l%/%H%j%D%j!<>e$G(B\emph{$B%Q%C%A$N%9%?%C%/(B}$B$r4IM}$9$k!%%Q%C%A$N(B
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$B$9$k>l9g$O!$$^$:?7$7$$%Q%C%A$r!J%3%^%s%I(B1$B$D$G!K:n@.$7!$I,MW$J%U%!%$%k$K(B
$B=$@5$r2C$($?8e!$%Q%C%A$r(B``$B%j%U%l%C%7%e(B''$B$9$l$P$h$$!%(B

%The refresh step causes quilt to scan the directory tree; it updates
%the patch with all of the changes you have made.  You can create
%another patch on top of the first, which will track the changes
%required to modify the tree from ``tree with one patch applied'' to
%``tree with two patches applied''.

$B%j%U%l%C%7%e$G$O!$(Bquilt$B$O%G%#%l%/%H%j%D%j!<$r%9%-%c%s$7!$JQ99A4$F$rH?1G$5(B
$B$;$F%Q%C%A$r99?7$9$k!%(B``$B$"$k%Q%C%A$,E,MQ$5$l$?>uBV$N%D%j!<(B''$B$+$i(B``2$B$D$N%Q%C(B
$B%A$,E,MQ$5$l$?%D%j!<(B''$B$X99?7$9$k$N$KI,MW$JJQ99$rDI@W$7!$JL$N%Q%C%A$r:n$k(B
$B$3$H$b$G$-$k!%(B

%You can \emph{change} which patches are applied to the tree.  If you
%``pop'' a patch, the changes made by that patch will vanish from the
%directory tree.  Quilt remembers which patches you have popped,
%though, so you can ``push'' a popped patch again, and the directory
%tree will be restored to contain the modifications in the patch.Most
%importantly, you can run the ``refresh'' command at any time, and the
%topmost applied patch will be updated.  This means that you can, at
%any time, change both which patches are applied and what
%modifications those patches make.

$B%f!<%6$O$I$N%Q%C%A$,%D%j!<$KE,MQ$5$l$k$+$r(B\emph{$BJQ99(B}$B$G$-$k!%$"$k%Q%C%A$r(B
$B%]%C%W$9$k$H!$$3$N%Q%C%A$K$h$kJQ99$O%D%j!<$+$i>CLG$9$k!%(Bquilt$B$O$I$N%Q%C%A(B
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$B%l%/%H%j%D%j!<$r%Q%C%A$K$h$kJQ99$,$J$5$l$?>uBV$KLa$9$3$H$,$G$-$k!%:G$b=E(B
$BMW$J$3$H$O!$$$$D$G$b(B``refresh''$B%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$7$F0lHV?7$7$/E,MQ$5$l$?%Q%C(B
$B%A$r99?7$G$-$k$3$H$G$"$k!%$3$l$O$9$J$o$A!$%Q%C%A$NE,MQ$5$l$?>uBV$H!$%Q%C(B
$B%A$=$l<+BN$r$$$D$G$b99?7$G$-$k$H$$$&$3$H$G$"$k!%(B

%Quilt knows nothing about revision control tools, so it works equally
%well on top of an unpacked tarball or a Subversion working copy.

quilt$B$O%j%S%8%g%s4IM}%D!<%k$K$D$$$F$OA4$/4XCN$7$J$$$?$a!$E83+$5$l$?(Btar$B%"!<(B
$B%+%$%V>e$G$b!$(BSubversion$B$N%o!<%-%s%0%3%T!<>e$G$bF1MM$KF0:n$9$k!%(B

%\subsection{From patchwork quilt to Mercurial Queues}
\subsection{patchwork quilt$B$+$i(BMercurial Queues$B$X(B}
\label{sec:mq:quilt-mq}

%In mid-2005, Chris Mason took the features of quilt and wrote an
%extension that he called Mercurial Queues, which added quilt-like
%behaviour to Mercurial.

2005$BG/$NCf:"(BChris Mason$B$O!$(Bquilt$B$N5!G=$r<h$jF~$l$F!$(BMercurial$B$K(Bquilt$B$N$h(B
$B$&$JF0:n$rDI2C$9$k(BMercurial Queues$B$H$$$&%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$r=q$$$?!%(B

%The key difference between quilt and MQ is that quilt knows nothing
%about revision control systems, while MQ is \emph{integrated} into
%Mercurial.  Each patch that you push is represented as a Mercurial
%changeset.  Pop a patch, and the changeset goes away.

quilt$B$H(BMQ$B$N0c$$$O!$(Bquilt$B$O%j%S%8%g%s4IM}%7%9%F%`$K$D$$$F2?$b4XCN$7$J$$$N(B
$B$KBP$7$F!$(BMQ$B$O(BMercurial$B$KE}9g$5$l$F$$$k$3$H$G$"$k!%%W%C%7%e$7$?8D!9$N%Q%C(B
$B%A$O(BMercurial$B$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$H$7$FI=8=$5$l$k!%%Q%C%A$r%]%C%W$9$k$H!$%A%'(B
$B%s%8%;%C%H$O>C$($F$J$/$J$k!%(B

%Because quilt does not care about revision control tools, it is still
%a tremendously useful piece of software to know about for situations
%where you cannot use Mercurial and MQ.

quilt$B$O%j%S%8%g%s4IM}%D!<%k$HL54X78$KMxMQ2DG=$J$?$a!$(BMercurial$B$H(BMQ$B$,;H$((B
$B$J$$>u67$G$O0MA3$H$7$FHs>o$KM-1W$J%D!<%k$G$"$k$3$H$O5-21$KN1$a$F$*$/$Y$-(B
$B$G$"$k!%(B

%\section{The huge advantage of MQ}
\section{MQ$B$NBg$-$JMxE@(B}

%I cannot overstate the value that MQ offers through the unification of
%patches and revision control.

MQ$B$,%Q%C%A$H%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k$NE}9g$K$h$C$F$b$?$i$92ACM$r8XD%$9$k$o(B
$B$1$K$O$$$+$J$$!%(B

%A major reason that patches have persisted in the free software and
%open source world---in spite of the availability of increasingly
%capable revision control tools over the years---is the \emph{agility}
%they offer.  

$B;~$rDI$&Kh$K%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$NMxMQ$,9-$,$C$F$$$k$K$b$+$+$o$i(B
$B$:!$%U%j!<%=%U%H$H%*!<%W%s%=!<%9$N@$3&$K%Q%C%A$,B8:_$9$kBg$-$JM}M3$O$=$N(B
\emph{$B5!IR$5(B}$B$K$"$k!%(B

%Traditional revision control tools make a permanent, irreversible
%record of everything that you do.  While this has great value, it's
%also somewhat stifling.  If you want to perform a wild-eyed
%experiment, you have to be careful in how you go about it, or you risk
%leaving unneeded---or worse, misleading or destabilising---traces of
%your missteps and errors in the permanent revision record.

$BEAE}E*$J%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$O!$9T$C$?A`:n$N1J5WE*$GIT2D5UE*$J(B
$B5-O?$r;D$9!%$3$l$K$OBg$-$J2ACM$,$"$k0lJ}$G!$5g6~$K46$8$k$3$H$b$"$k!%$b$7(B
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$B$J$1$l$P!$ITMW$J!$$"$k$$$O8m2r$r>7$$$?$j!$0BDj@-$rB;$J$&%H%l!<%9$H%(%i!<(B
$B$r1J5WE*$J%j%S%8%g%sMzNr$K;D$9$3$H$K$J$k!%(B

%By contrast, MQ's marriage of distributed revision control with
%patches makes it much easier to isolate your work.  Your patches live
%on top of normal revision history, and you can make them disappear or
%reappear at will.  If you don't like a patch, you can drop it.  If a
%patch isn't quite as you want it to be, simply fix it---as many times
%as you need to, until you have refined it into the form you desire.

$BBP>NE*$K!$(BMQ$B$K$h$kJ,;6%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k$H%Q%C%A$N7k9g$O!$:n6H$r3VN%(B
$B$9$k$3$H$rMZ$+$KMF0W$K$9$k!%%Q%C%A$ODL>o$N%j%S%8%g%sMzNr$N>e$K>h$C$F$*$j!$(B
$BK>$`$h$&$K>CLG$5$;$?$j:F8=$5$;$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%%Q%C%A$r5$$KF~$i$J$1$l$P!$(B
$B$3$l$r4~5Q$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$k!%%Q%C%A$,$"$J$?$NK>$`$h$&$J$b$N$G$J$1$l$P!$4u(B
$BK>DL$j$K$J$k$^$G2?EY$G$b4JC1$K=$@5$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B

%As an example, the integration of patches with revision control makes
%understanding patches and debugging their effects---and their
%interplay with the code they're based on---\emph{enormously} easier.
%Since every applied patch has an associated changeset, you can use
%\hgcmdargs{log}{\emph{filename}} to see which changesets and patches
%affected a file.  You can use the \hgext{bisect} command to
%binary-search through all changesets and applied patches to see where
%a bug got introduced or fixed.  You can use the \hgcmd{annotate}
%command to see which changeset or patch modified a particular line of
%a source file.  And so on.

$BNc$($P!$%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k$X$N%Q%C%A$NE}9g$O!$%Q%C%A$rM}2r$7!$$=$N1F(B
$B6A!$0M$C$FN)$D%Y!<%9%3!<%I$H$NAj8_:nMQ$r%G%P%C%0$9$k$3$H$r2DG=$K$9$k!%E,(B
$BMQ$5$l$?%Q%C%A$O!$4XO"$E$1$i$l$?%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r;}$D$?$a!$(B
\hgcmdargs{log}{\emph{filename}}$B$K$h$C$F$I$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$H%Q%C%A$,%U%!(B
$B%$%k$K1F6A$rM?$($F$$$k$+D4$Y$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B\hgext{bisect}$B%3%^%s%I$GA4$F(B
$B$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$HE,MQ$5$l$?%Q%C%A$KBP$7$F%P%$%J%j%5!<%A$r9T$$!$$I$3$G(B
$B%P%0$,:.F~$7$?$+!$$"$k$$$O=$@5$5$l$?$+$rD4$Y$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B
\hgcmd{annotate}$B%3%^%s%I$G$I$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$+%Q%C%A$,%=!<%9%U%!%$%k$NFC(B
$BDj$N9T$rJQ99$7$?$+8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B


%\section{Understanding patches}
\section{$B%Q%C%A$H$O2?$+(B}
\label{sec:mq:patch}

%Because MQ doesn't hide its patch-oriented nature, it is helpful to
%understand what patches are, and a little about the tools that work
%with them.

MQ$B$O%Q%C%A;X8~$G$"$k@-<A$r1#JC$7$F$$$J$$$N$G!$%Q%C%A$,2?$G$"$k$+!$%D!<%k(B
$B$,%Q%C%A$r$I$&07$&$+$rM}2r$9$k$N$O$?$d$9$$!%(B

%The traditional Unix \command{diff} command compares two files, and
%prints a list of differences between them. The \command{patch} command
%understands these differences as \emph{modifications} to make to a
%file.  Take a look at figure~\ref{ex:mq:diff} for a simple example of
%these commands in action.

Unix$B$NEAE}E*$J(B\command{diff}$B%3%^%s%I$O(B2$B$D$N%U%!%$%k$rHf3S$7!$:9J,$N%j%9(B
$B%H$r=PNO$9$k!%(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$O$3$N:9J,$rJQ99$H2r<a$7!$%U%!%$%k(B
$B$K5Z$\$9!%?^(B~\ref{ex:mq:diff}$B$K$3$l$i$N%3%^%s%I$NF0:n$r<($9!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.dodiff.diff}
%  \caption{Simple uses of the \command{diff} and \command{patch}
 %  commands}
  \caption{\command{diff}$B%3%^%s%I$H(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$NC1=c$J;HMQNc(B}
  \label{ex:mq:diff}
\end{figure}

%The type of file that \command{diff} generates (and \command{patch}
%takes as input) is called a ``patch'' or a ``diff''; there is no
%difference between a patch and a diff.  (We'll use the term ``patch'',
%since it's more commonly used.)

\command{diff}$B$,@8@.$9$k!J$^$?(B\command{patch}$B$,F~NO$K<h$k!K%U%!%$%k$N<o(B
$BN`$O(B``patch''$B$^$?$O(B``diff''$B$H8F$P$l!$$3$l$i$N4V$K$O0c$$$O$J$$!%!J0J2<$G(B
$B$O!$$h$jB?$/;H$o$l$F$$$k(B``patch''$B$H$$$&8@MU$r;H$&$3$H$K$9$k!%!K(B

%A patch file can start with arbitrary text; the \command{patch}
%command ignores this text, but MQ uses it as the commit message when
%creating changesets.  To find the beginning of the patch content,
%\command{patch} searches for the first line that starts with the
%string ``\texttt{diff~-}''.

$B%Q%C%A%U%!%$%k$OG$0U$N%F%-%9%H$G;O$^$k!%(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$O$3$N%F(B
$B%-%9%H$rL5;k$9$k$,!$(BMQ$B$O%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r:n$k:]$N%3%_%C%H%a%C%;!<%8$H$7$F(B
$BMxMQ$9$k!%%Q%C%AFbMF$N@hF,$r8+$D$1$k$?$a$K(B\command{patch}$B$O(B
``\texttt{diff~-}''$B$G;O$^$k:G=i$N9T$r%5!<%A$9$k!%(B

%MQ works with \emph{unified} diffs (\command{patch} can accept several
%other diff formats, but MQ doesn't).  A unified diff contains two
%kinds of header.  The \emph{file header} describes the file being
%modified; it contains the name of the file to modify.  When
%\command{patch} sees a new file header, it looks for a file with that
%name to start modifying.

MQ\emph{unified} diffs$B7A<0$r;H$&!%!J(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$O$3$l0J30$K2?(B
$B<oN`$+$N(Bdiff$B%U%)!<%^%C%H$r<u$1IU$1$k$,!$(BMQ$B$G$OMxMQ$G$-$J$$!%!K(Bunified
diff$B$O(B2$B<oN`$N%X%C%@$r;}$D!%(B\emph{file $B%X%C%@(B}$B$OJQ99$5$l$F$$$k%U%!%$%k$r5-(B
$B=R$9$k!%(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$O!$?7$7$$%U%!%$%k%X%C%@$r8+$D$1$k$H!$$=$3(B
$B$K5-=R$5$l$F$$$k%U%!%$%kL>$r;}$D%U%!%$%k$rC5$9!%(B

%After the file header comes a series of \emph{hunks}.  Each hunk starts
%with a header; this identifies the range of line numbers within the file
%that the hunk should modify.  Following the header, a hunk starts and
%ends with a few (usually three) lines of text from the unmodified file;
%these are called the \emph{context} for the hunk.If
%there's only a small amount of context between successive hunks,
%\command{diff} doesn't print a new hunk header; it just runs the hunks
%together, with a few lines of context between modifications.

$B%U%!%$%k%X%C%@$N8e$K$O0lO"$N(B\emph{hunks}$B$,B3$/!%3F!9$N(Bhunk$B$O%X%C%@$G;O$^(B
$B$k!%$3$N%X%C%@$O%U%!%$%kFb$G(Bhunk$B$,2~JQ$9$Y$-9THV9f$NHO0O$r<1JL$9$k$N$K;H(B
$B$o$l$k!%%X%C%@$KB3$-!$(Bhunk$B$O?t9T!JDL>o(B3$B!K$N2~JQ$5$l$F$$$J$$%U%!%$%k$+$i$N(B
$B9T$,$"$k!%$3$l$i$O(Bhunk$B$N(B\emph{$B%3%s%F%-%9%H(B}$B$H8F$P$l$k!%$b$7O"B3$9$k(Bhunk$B$N(B
$B4V$K%3%s%F%-%9%H$,>/$7$7$+$J$1$l$P!$(B\command{diff}$B$O?7$?$J(Bhunk$B%X%C%@$r=P(B
$BNO$;$:!$3F!9$N(Bhunk$B$H4V$N%3%s%F%-%9%H$r9g$o$;$F=PNO$9$k!%(B

%Each line of context begins with a space character.  Within the hunk,
%a line that begins with ``\texttt{-}'' means ``remove this line,''
%while a line that begins with ``\texttt{+}'' means ``insert this
%line.''  For example, a line that is modified is represented by one
%deletion and one insertion.

$B%3%s%F%-%9%H$N3F9T$O!$6uGrJ8;z$G;O$^$k!%(Bhunk$BFb$G$O9T$O(B``\texttt{-}''$B$G;O(B
$B$^$k!%$3$l$O(B``$B$3$N9T$r:o=|$;$h(B''$B$r0UL#$9$k!%(B
$B0lJ}!$(B``\texttt{+}''$B$G;O$^$k9T$O!$(B``$B$3$N9T$rA^F~$;$h(B''$B$r0UL#$9$k!%Nc$r5s(B
$B$2$k$H!$JQ99$5$l$?9T$O(B1$B$D$N:o=|$H(B1$B$D$NA^F~$GI=$5$l$k!%(B

%We will return to some of the more subtle aspects of patches later (in
%section~\ref{sec:mq:adv-patch}), but you should have enough information
%now to use MQ.

$B%Q%C%A$N:3:Y$JE@$K$D$$$F$O8e$G!J(B~\ref{sec:mq:adv-patch}$B!K$^$??($l$k$,!$(B
$B$3$l$^$G$G!$(BMQ$B$r;H$&$N$K==J,$J>pJs$O=R$Y$?!%(B

%\section{Getting started with Mercurial Queues}
\section{Mercurial Queues$B$r;H$C$F$_$k(B}
\label{sec:mq:start}

%Because MQ is implemented as an extension, you must explicitly enable
%before you can use it.  (You don't need to download anything; MQ ships
%with the standard Mercurial distribution.)  To enable MQ, edit your
%\tildefile{.hgrc} file, and add the lines in figure~\ref{ex:mq:config}.

MQ$B$O%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$H$7$F<BAu$5$l$F$$$k$N$G!$;H$&A0$KL@<(E*$KM-8z$K$9$k(B
$BI,MW$,$"$k!%!J2?$b%@%&%s%m!<%I$9$kI,MW$O$J$$!%(BMQ$B$ODL>o$N(BMercurial$B$KF1:-$5(B
$B$l$F$$$k!K(BMQ$B$rM-8z$K$9$k$K$O(B\tildefile{.hgrc}$B%U%!%$%k$rJT=8$7!$(B
$B?^(B~\ref{ex:mq:config}$B$N$h$&$K@_Dj$rDI2C$9$k!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \begin{codesample4}
    [extensions]
    hgext.mq =
  \end{codesample4}
  \label{ex:mq:config}
%  \caption{Contents to add to \tildefile{.hgrc} to enable the MQ
 %  extension}
  \caption{MQ$B%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$rM-8z$K$9$k$?$a$K(B\tildefile{.hgrc}$B$KDI2C$9$kFbMF(B}
\end{figure}

%Once the extension is enabled, it will make a number of new commands
%available.  To verify that the extension is working, you can use
%\hgcmd{help} to see if the \hgxcmd{mq}{qinit} command is now available; see
%the example in figure~\ref{ex:mq:enabled}.

$B%(%/%9%F%s%7%g%s$,M-8z2=$5$l$k$H0lO"$N%3%^%s%I$,MxMQ2DG=$K$J$k!%%(%/%9%F(B
$B%s%7%g%s$,M-8z$G$"$k$3$H$r3NG'$9$k$?$a$K$O!$(B\hgcmd{help}$B$G(B
\hgxcmd{mq}{qinit}$B$,$"$k$3$H$r3NG'$9$k!%?^(B~\ref{ex:mq:enabled}$B$NNc$r;2>H(B
$B$5$l$?$$!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.qinit-help.help}
%  \caption{How to verify that MQ is enabled}
  \caption{MQ$B$,M-8z$G$"$k$3$H$N3NG'K!(B}
  \label{ex:mq:enabled}
\end{figure}

%You can use MQ with \emph{any} Mercurial repository, and its commands
%only operate within that repository.  To get started, simply prepare
%the repository using the \hgxcmd{mq}{qinit} command (see
%figure~\ref{ex:mq:qinit}).  This command creates an empty directory
%called \sdirname{.hg/patches}, where MQ will keep its metadata.  As
%with many Mercurial commands, the \hgxcmd{mq}{qinit} command prints nothing
%if it succeeds.

MQ$B$O(B\emph{$B$"$i$f$k(B}Mercurial$B%j%]%8%H%j$G;H$&$3$H$,$G$-!$$=$N%3%^%s%I$O3F!9(B
$B$N%j%]%8%H%j$NCf$K$@$1:nMQ$9$k!%;O$a$k$?$a$K(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qinit}$B%3%^%s%I$G(B
$B%j%]%8%H%j$rMQ0U$9$k!%!J?^(B~\ref{ex:mq:qinit}$B$r;2>H!K(B $B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O(BMQ$B$,%a(B
$B%?%G!<%?$rJ]B8$9$k$?$a$N(B\sdirname{.hg/patches}$B$H$$$&L>A0$N6u$N%G%#%l%/%H(B
$B%j$r:n@.$9$k!%B>$N(BMercurial$B%3%^%s%I$HF1MM$K!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qinit}$B%3%^%s%I(B
$B$b@.8y$9$k$H2?$bI=<($7$J$$!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.tutorial.qinit}
%  \caption{Preparing a repository for use with MQ}
  \caption{MQ$B$r;H$&$?$a$K%j%]%8%H%j$r=`Hw$9$k(B}
  \label{ex:mq:qinit}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.tutorial.qnew}
%  \caption{Creating a new patch}
  \caption{$B?7$7$$%Q%C%A$N:n@.(B}
  \label{ex:mq:qnew}
\end{figure}

%\subsection{Creating a new patch}
\subsection{$B?7$7$$%Q%C%A$N:n@.(B}

%To begin work on a new patch, use the \hgxcmd{mq}{qnew} command.  This
%command takes one argument, the name of the patch to create.  MQ will
%use this as the name of an actual file in the \sdirname{.hg/patches}
%directory, as you can see in figure~\ref{ex:mq:qnew}.

$B?7$7$$%Q%C%A$r07$&;~$O(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qnew}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$&!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$O:n@.(B
$B$5$l$k%Q%C%A$NL>A0$H$7$F0z?t$r(B1$B$D<h$k!%?^(B~\ref{ex:mq:qnew}$B$N$h$&$K!$(BMQ$B$O(B
$B$3$l$r(B\sdirname{.hg/patches} $B%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$N<B:]$N%U%!%$%kL>$H$7$FMxMQ$9(B
$B$k!%(B

%Also newly present in the \sdirname{.hg/patches} directory are two
%other files, \sfilename{series} and \sfilename{status}.  The
%\sfilename{series} file lists all of the patches that MQ knows about
%for this repository, with one patch per line.Mercurial uses the
%\sfilename{status} file for internal book-keeping; it tracks all of the
%patches that MQ has \emph{applied} in this repository.

\sdirname{.hg/patches}$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$NCf$K$O!$(B\sfilename{series}$B$H(B
\sfilename{status}$B$H$$$&(B2$B$D$N%U%!%$%k$b?7$7$/:n$i$l$k!%(B
\sfilename{series}$B%U%!%$%k$O(BMQ$B$,4XCN$9$k!$$3$N%j%]%8%H%jFb$NA4$F$N%Q%C%A(B
$B$N%j%9%H$,$"$j!$(B1$B9T$K(B1$B$D$N%Q%C%A$,5-=R$5$l$F$$$k!%(BMercurial$B$O(B
\sfilename{status}$B%U%!%$%k$rFbIt$N4IM}$KMQ$$$k!%$3$N%U%!%$%k$O%j%]%8%H%j(B
$BFb$G(BMQ$B$,E,MQ$7$?A4$F$N%Q%C%A$,5-O?$5$l$F$$$k!%(B

%\begin{note}
%  You may sometimes want to edit the \sfilename{series} file by hand;
%  for example, to change the sequence in which some patches are
%  applied.  However, manually editing the \sfilename{status} file is
%  almost always a bad idea, as it's easy to corrupt MQ's idea of what
%  is happening.
%\end{note}

\begin{note}
 $BNc$($P!$J#?t$N%Q%C%A$,E,MQ$5$l$k<j=g$rJQ99$9$k$J$I$NL\E*$G(B
 \sfilename{series}$B%U%!%$%k$r<j$GJT=8$7$?$/$J$k$3$H$,$"$k$+$b$7$l$J$$!%(B
 $B$7$+$7(B\sfilename{status}$B$r<j$GJT=8$9$k$N$O$[$H$s$I$N>l9gNI$/$J$$9M$($G!$(B
 MQ$B$N>uBVDI@W$r4JC1$K68$o$;$F$7$^$&!%(B
\end{note}

%Once you have created your new patch, you can edit files in the
%working directory as you usually would.  All of the normal Mercurial
%commands, such as \hgcmd{diff} and \hgcmd{annotate}, work exactly as
%they did before.

$B?7$7$$%Q%C%A$r:n$C$?8e!$%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$N%U%!%$%k$rDL>oDL$jJT=8(B
$B$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B\hgcmd{diff}$B$d(B\hgcmd{annotate}$B$N$h$&$JA4$F$NDL>o$N(B
Mercurial$B%3%^%s%I$,A4$/F1$8$h$&$K;H$($k!%(B

%\subsection{Refreshing a patch}
\subsection{$B%Q%C%A$N%j%U%l%C%7%e(B}

%When you reach a point where you want to save your work, use the
%\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} command (figure~\ref{ex:mq:qnew}) to update the patch
%you are working on.  This command folds the changes you have made in
%the working directory into your patch, and updates its corresponding
%changeset to contain those changes.

$B:n6HFbMF$r%;!<%V$9$k%]%$%s%H$K:9$7$+$+$C$?$i!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}$B%3%^(B
$B%s%I$r;H$C$F!J?^(B~\ref{ex:mq:qnew}$B!K:n6HCf$N%Q%C%A$r99?7$9$k!%$3$N%3%^%s(B
$B%I$O%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$N:9J,$r%Q%C%A$K<h$j9~$_!$%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$,JQ99(B
$B$r4^$`$h$&$K99?7$9$k!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.tutorial.qrefresh}
%  \caption{Refreshing a patch}
  \caption{$B%Q%C%A$N%j%U%l%C%7%e(B}
  \label{ex:mq:qrefresh}
\end{figure}

%You can run \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} as often as you like, so it's a good way
%to ``checkpoint'' your work.  Refresh your patch at an opportune
%time; try an experiment; and if the experiment doesn't work out,
%\hgcmd{revert} your modifications back to the last time you refreshed.

\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}$B$O$$$D$G$b9%$-$J;~$K<B9T$G$-!$:n6H$N>uBVJ]B8$r$9$k(B
$B$N$K$b;H$($k!%%Q%C%A$N%j%U%l%C%7%e$OET9g$N$h$$;~$K9T$($P$h$$!%<B83E*$J%3!<(B
$B%I$rF0$+$9>l9g!$;vA0$K%j%U%l%C%7%e$r$7$F$*$1$P!$<B83$N7k2L%3!<%I$,F0$+$J(B
$B$/$F$b!$(B\hgcmd{revert}$B$9$l$P!$JQ99$O85$KLa$k!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.tutorial.qrefresh2}
%  \caption{Refresh a patch many times to accumulate changes}
  \caption{$B%Q%C%A$N%j%U%l%C%7%e$GJQ99$rC_@Q$9$k(B}
  \label{ex:mq:qrefresh2}
\end{figure}

%\subsection{Stacking and tracking patches}
\subsection{$B%Q%C%A$N%9%?%C%/$HDI@W(B}

%Once you have finished working on a patch, or need to work on another,
%you can use the \hgxcmd{mq}{qnew} command again to create a new patch.
%Mercurial will apply this patch on top of your existing patch.  See
%figure~\ref{ex:mq:qnew2} for an example.  Notice that the patch
%contains the changes in our prior patch as part of its context (you
%can see this more clearly in the output of \hgcmd{annotate}).

$B%Q%C%A$X$N:n6H$,=*N;$7$?$j!$B>$N:n6H$r$r$9$kI,MW$,$"$k>l9g!$(B
\hgxcmd{mq}{qnew}$B%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$7!$?7$7$$%Q%C%A$r:n$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B
Mercurial$B$O$3$N%Q%C%A$r4{B8$N%Q%C%A$N>e$+$iE,MQ$9$k!%?^(B~\ref{ex:mq:qnew2}$B$r(B
$B;2>H$N$3$H!%%Q%C%A$O@h9T$9$k%Q%C%A$NJQ99$r%3%s%F%-%9%H$H$7$F;}$D!%!J(B\hgcmd{annotate}
$B$N=PNO$G$h$jL@NF$K3NG'$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%!K(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.tutorial.qnew2}
%  \caption{Stacking a second patch on top of the first}
  \caption{$B:G=i$N%Q%C%A$N>e$K(B2$BHVL\$N%Q%C%A$r%9%?%C%/$9$k(B}
  \label{ex:mq:qnew2}
\end{figure}

%So far, with the exception of \hgxcmd{mq}{qnew} and
%\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}, we've been careful to only use regular Mercurial
%commands.  However, MQ provides many commands that are easier to use
%when you are thinking about patches, as illustrated in
%figure~\ref{ex:mq:qseries}:

$B$3$l$^$G$O(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qnew}$B$H(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}$B$r=|$$$F!$DL>o$N(B
Mercurial$B%3%^%s%I$N$_$r;H$&$h$&$KCm0U$7$F$-$?!%$7$+$7(BMQ$B$O%Q%C%A$r07$&>l(B
$B9g!$?^(B~\ref{ex:mq:qseries}$B$K<($9$h$&$J$h$j4JC1$J%3%^%s%I$rMQ0U$7$F$$$k!%(B

%\begin{itemize}
%\item The \hgxcmd{mq}{qseries} command lists every patch that MQ knows
%  about in this repository, from oldest to newest (most recently
%  \emph{created}).
%\item The \hgxcmd{mq}{qapplied} command lists every patch that MQ has
%  \emph{applied} in this repository, again from oldest to newest (most
%  recently applied).
%\end{itemize}

\begin{itemize}
\item \hgxcmd{mq}{qseries}$B%3%^%s%I$O(BMQ$B$,4XCN$9$k%j%]%8%H%jFb$N%Q%C%AA4$F(B
      $B$r8E$$$b$N$+$i?7$7$/(B\emph{$B:n@.$5$l$?(B}$B$b$N$N=g$K%j%9%HI=<($9$k!%(B
\item \hgxcmd{mq}{qapplied}$B%3%^%s%I$O(BMQ$B$,(B\emph{$BE,MQ$7$?(B}$B%j%]%8%H%jFb$N(B
      $B%Q%C%AA4$F$r$d$O$j8E$$$b$N$+$i?7$7$/(B\emph{$B:n@.$5$l$?(B}$B$b$N$N=g$K%j%9%HI=<($9$k!%(B
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.tutorial.qseries}
%  \caption{Understanding the patch stack with \hgxcmd{mq}{qseries} and
%    \hgxcmd{mq}{qapplied}}
  \caption{\hgxcmd{mq}{qseries}$B$H(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qapplied}$B$G%Q%C%A%9%?%C%/$r(B
 $BD4$Y$k(B}
  \label{ex:mq:qseries}
\end{figure}


%\subsection{Manipulating the patch stack}
\subsection{$B%Q%C%A%9%?%C%/$NA`:n(B}

%The previous discussion implied that there must be a difference
%between ``known'' and ``applied'' patches, and there is.  MQ can
%manage a patch without it being applied in the repository.

$B$3$l$^$G$N5DO@$O(B``known''$B$H(B``applied''$B%Q%C%A$K0c$$$,$"$k$3$H$r0EL[$K2>Dj(B
$B$7$F$$$?!%(BMQ$B$O:90[$N$J$$%Q%C%A$r%j%]%8%H%j$KBP$7$FE,MQ$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$k!%(B

%An \emph{applied} patch has a corresponding changeset in the
%repository, and the effects of the patch and changeset are visible in
%the working directory.  You can undo the application of a patch using
%the \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} command.  MQ still \emph{knows about}, or manages, a
%popped patch, but the patch no longer has a corresponding changeset in
%the repository, and the working directory does not contain the changes
%made by the patch.  Figure~\ref{fig:mq:stack} illustrates the
%difference between applied and tracked patches.

\emph{$BE,MQ$5$l$?(B}$B%Q%C%A$O%j%]%8%H%jFb$KBP1~$9$k%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r;}$A!$%Q%C(B
$B%A$N8z2L$H%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$O%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$G8+$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%%Q%C(B
$B%A$NE,MQ$O(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}$B%3%^%s%I$G<h$j>C$9$3$H$,$G$-$k!%%]%C%W$5$l$?%Q%C(B
$B%A$OBP1~$9$k%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r;}$?$:!$JQ99$b%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$K;D$C$F(B
$B$$$J$$$,!$(BMQ$B$O%]%C%W$5$l$?%Q%C%A$r0MA3$H$7$F5-21$7!$4IM}$7$F$$$k!%(B
$B?^(B~\ref{fig:mq:stack}$B$OE,MQ$5$l$?%Q%C%A$H4IM}$5$l$F$$$k%Q%C%A$N0c$$$r<((B
$B$9!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering
  \grafix{mq-stack}
%  \caption{Applied and unapplied patches in the MQ patch stack}
  \caption{MQ$B%Q%C%A%9%?%C%/$NCf$NE,MQ$5$l$?%Q%C%A$HE,MQ$5$l$J$$%Q%C%A(B}
  \label{fig:mq:stack}
\end{figure}

%You can reapply an unapplied, or popped, patch using the \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}
%command.  This creates a new changeset to correspond to the patch, and
%the patch's changes once again become present in the working
%directory.  See figure~\ref{ex:mq:qpop} for examples of \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}
%and \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} in action.  Notice that once we have popped a patch
%or two patches, the output of \hgxcmd{mq}{qseries} remains the same, while
%that of \hgxcmd{mq}{qapplied} has changed.

$BE,MQ$r30$7$?%Q%C%A$d%]%C%W$7$?%Q%C%A$r(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B%3%^%s%I$G:FE,MQ(B
$B$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$O!$%Q%C%A$KBP1~$7$??7$7$$%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r(B
$B:n$j!$%Q%C%A$K$h$kJQ99$O$b$&0lEY%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$K8=$l$k!%(B
\hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}$B$H(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B$N;HMQNc$r?^(B~\ref{ex:mq:qpop}$B$K<($9!%(B
1$B$D$^$?$OJ#?t$N%Q%C%A$r%]%C%W$9$k$H(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qapplied}$B$N=PNO$OJQ2=$9$k(B
$B$,!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qseries}$B$N=PNO$OF1$8$^$^;D$k$N$KCm0U$5$l$?$$!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.tutorial.qpop}
%  \caption{Modifying the stack of applied patches}
  \caption{$BE,MQ$5$l$?%Q%C%A$N%9%?%C%/$rJQ99$9$k(B}
  \label{ex:mq:qpop}
\end{figure}

%\subsection{Pushing and popping many patches}
\subsection{$B%Q%C%A$N%W%C%7%e$H%]%C%W(B}

%While \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} and \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} each operate on a single patch at
%a time by default, you can push and pop many patches in one go.  The
%\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-a} option to \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} causes it to push all
%unapplied patches, while the \hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a} option to \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}
%causes it to pop all applied patches.  (For some more ways to push and
%pop many patches, see section~\ref{sec:mq:perf} below.)

\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B$H(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}$B$O0lEY$K3F!9$N%Q%C%A0l$D$:$D$rA`:n$9(B
$B$k!J$3$l$O%G%U%)%k%HF0:n$G$"$k!K0lJ}!$J#?t$N%Q%C%A$r0lEY$K%]%C%W!&%W%C%7%e(B
$B$9$kA`:n$b$"$k!%(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B%3%^%s%I$N(B\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-a}$B%*%W%7%g(B
$B%s$O!$L$E,MQ$N%Q%C%AA4BN$r%W%C%7%e$7!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}$B%3%^%s%I$N(B
\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a} $B%*%W%7%g%s$OE,MQ:Q$_$N%Q%C%AA4BN$r%]%C%W$9$k!%(B
$B!JB>$NJ#?t$N%Q%C%A$rF1;~$K%W%C%7%e!&%]%C%W$9$kJ}K!$K$D$$$F$O2<(B
$B$N(B~\ref{sec:mq:perf}$B$r;2>H$N$3$H!K(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.tutorial.qpush-a}
%  \caption{Pushing all unapplied patches}
  \caption{$BE,MQ$5$l$F$$$J$$%Q%C%A$rA4$F%W%C%7%e$9$k(B}
  \label{ex:mq:qpush-a}
\end{figure}

%\subsection{Safety checks, and overriding them}
\subsection{$B0BA4@-%A%'%C%/$H%*!<%P%i%$%I(B}

%Several MQ commands check the working directory before they do
%anything, and fail if they find any modifications.  They do this to
%ensure that you won't lose any changes that you have made, but not yet
%incorporated into a patch.Figure~\ref{ex:mq:add} illustrates this;
%the \hgxcmd{mq}{qnew} command will not create a new patch if there are
%outstanding changes, caused in this case by the \hgcmd{add} of
%\filename{file3}.

$B$$$/$D$+$N(BMQ$B%3%^%s%I$O!$<B9T;~$K$^$:%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r%A%'%C%/$7!$(B
$BJQ99$,$J$5$l$F$$$?$i=*N;$9$k$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$k!%$3$l$O!$%f!<%6$N$^$@%Q%C%A(B
$B$K<h$j9~$^$l$F$$$J$$JQ99$,<:$o$l$J$$$h$&$K$9$k$?$a$G$"$k!%(B
$B?^(B~\ref{ex:mq:add}$B$O$3$l$r@bL@$7$?$b$N$G!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qnew}$B%3%^%s%I$O8IN)(B
$B$7$?JQ99$,$"$k;~$K?7$?$J%Q%C%A$r@8@.$7$J$$!%$3$NNc$G$O!$JQ99$O(B
\hgcmd{add}$B$K$h$k(B\filename{file3}$B$NDI2C$K$h$C$F@8$^$l$F$$$k!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.tutorial.add}
%  \caption{Forcibly creating a patch}
  \caption{$B%Q%C%A$N6/@)E*$J@8@.(B}
  \label{ex:mq:add}
\end{figure}

%Commands that check the working directory all take an ``I know what
%I'm doing'' option, which is always named \option{-f}.  The exact
%meaning of \option{-f} depends on the command.  For example,
%\hgcmdargs{qnew}{\hgxopt{mq}{qnew}{-f}} will incorporate any outstanding
%changes into the new patch it creates, but
%\hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-f}} will revert modifications to any
%files affected by the patch that it is popping.  Be sure to read the
%documentation for a command's \option{-f} option before you use it!

$B%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%A%'%C%/$r9T$&%3%^%s%I$OA4$F!$>e5i<T8~$1$N6/@)(B
$B%*%W%7%g%s(B\option{-f}$B$r;}$C$F$$$k!%(B\option{-f}$B$N87L)$J0UL#$O!$%3%^%s%I$K(B
$B$h$C$F0[$J$k!%Nc$($P(B\hgcmdargs{qnew}{\hgxopt{mq}{qnew}{-f}}$B$O8IN)$7$?JQ(B
$B99$r?7$7$$%Q%C%A$K<h$j9~$`$H$$$&0UL#$@$,!$(B
\hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-f}}$B$O!$%]%C%W$9$k%Q%C%A$K$h$k$"$i$f(B
$B$k%U%!%$%k$X$NJQ99$r<h$j>C$9$H$$$&0UL#$K$J$k!%(B\option{-f}$B%*%W%7%g%s$r;H(B
$B$&;~$OI,$:;vA0$K%3%^%s%I$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$rFI$s$G3NG'$9$k$h$&$K$7$FM_$7$$!%(B

%\subsection{Working on several patches at once}
\subsection{$BJ#?t$N%Q%C%A$r0lEY$K07$&(B}

%The \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} command always refreshes the \emph{topmost}
%applied patch.  This means that you can suspend work on one patch (by
%refreshing it), pop or push to make a different patch the top, and
%work on \emph{that} patch for a while.

\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}$B%3%^%s%I$O(B\emph{$B:G$b>e(B}$B$KE,MQ$5$l$?%Q%C%A$KBP$7$F%j(B
$B%U%l%C%7%e$r9T$&!%$3$l$O%j%U%l%C%7%e$K$h$C$F(B1$B$D$N%Q%C%A$K8=:_$N:n6H$r%5(B
$B%9%Z%s%I$7$?$j!$JL$N%H%C%W%Q%C%A$d0l;~E*$K:n6H$9$k$?$a%Q%C%A$r:n$k$?$a$K(B
$B%]%C%W$d%W%C%7%e$,$G$-$k$H$$$&$3$H$r0UL#$9$k!%(B

%Here's an example that illustrates how you can use this ability.
%Let's say you're developing a new feature as two patches.  The first
%is a change to the core of your software, and the second---layered on
%top of the first---changes the user interface to use the code you just
%added to the core.  If you notice a bug in the core while you're
%working on the UI patch, it's easy to fix the core.  Simply
%\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} the UI patch to save your in-progress changes, and
%\hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} down to the core patch.  Fix the core bug,
%\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} the core patch, and \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} back to the UI
%patch to continue where you left off.

$B$3$N5!G=$N;H$$J}$r<($9Nc$r<($9!%(B2$B$D$N%Q%C%A$H$7$F?7$7$$5!G=$r3+H/$7$F$$$k(B
$B$H$9$k!%:G=i$N$b$N$O$"$J$?$N%=%U%H%&%'%"$N%3%"$rJQ99$7!$(B2$BHVL\$N$b$N$O(B1$BHV(B
$BL\$N$b$N$N>e$KE83+$9$k!$:#DI2C$7$?%3%"$N%3!<%I$r;H$C$?%f!<%6%$%s%?%U%'!<(B
$B%9$@$H$9$k!%(BUI$B%Q%C%A$G:n6HCf$K%3%"$N%P%0$K5$IU$$$?$H$9$k$H!$4JC1$K%3%"$N(B
$B=$@5$O9T$($k!%C1=c$K(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}$B$K$h$C$F?J9TCf$N(BUI$B%Q%C%A$r%;!<(B
$B%V$7!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}$B$K$h$C$F%3%"%Q%C%A$XAL$k!%%3%"$N%P%0$r=$@5$7$?8e(B
$B$K(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}$B$r%3%"%Q%C%A$K$D$$$F9T$$!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B$G(B
UI$B%Q%C%A$KLa$C$F:n6H$rB3$1$k!%(B

%\section{More about patches}
\section{$B$5$i$K%Q%C%A$K$D$$$F(B}
\label{sec:mq:adv-patch}

%MQ uses the GNU \command{patch} command to apply patches, so it's
%helpful to know a few more detailed aspects of how \command{patch}
%works, and about patches themselves.

MQ$B$O%Q%C%A$NE,MQ$K(BGNU$B$N(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$rMQ$$$k!%$=$N$?$a!$(B
\command{patch}$B$NF0:n$H%Q%C%A<+BN$K$D$$$F$h$j>\$7$/CN$C$F$*$/$3$H$OM-MQ(B
$B$G$"$k!%(B

%\subsection{The strip count}
\subsection{$B%9%H%j%C%W%+%&%s%H(B}

%If you look at the file headers in a patch, you will notice that the
%pathnames usually have an extra component on the front that isn't
%present in the actual path name.  This is a holdover from the way that
%people used to generate patches (people still do this, but it's
%somewhat rare with modern revision control tools).

$B%Q%C%A$N%U%!%$%k%X%C%@$r8+$k$H!$%Q%9%M!<%`$N:G=i$KDI2C$NItJ,$,$D$$$F$$$k(B
$B$N$K5$$E$/$O$:$@!%$3$l$O<B:]$N%Q%9%M!<%`$K$OB8:_$7$J$$$b$N$G!$%Q%C%A$r@8(B
$B@.$9$k;~$N=,47$+$i$N0dJ*$G$"$k!%!JB?$/$N?M$,$$$^$@$3$NJ}K!$r;H$C$F$$$k$,!$(B
$B6aBeE*$J%j%S%8%g%s%3%s%H%m!<%k%D!<%k$G$O$[$H$s$I8+$i$l$J$$!%!K(B

%Alice would unpack a tarball, edit her files, then decide that she
%wanted to create a patch.  So she'd rename her working directory,
%unpack the tarball again (hence the need for the rename), and use the
%\cmdopt{diff}{-r} and \cmdopt{diff}{-N} options to \command{diff} to
%recursively generate a patch between the unmodified directory and the
%modified one.
%The result would be that the name of the unmodified
%directory would be at the front of the left-hand path in every file
%header, and the name of the modified directory would be at the front
%of the right-hand path.

$B%"%j%9$,(Btar$B%"!<%+%$%V$rE83+$7!$%U%!%$%k$rJT=8$7!$%Q%C%A$r:n$j$?$$$H;W$C$F(B
$B$$$k$H$9$k!%H`=w$O:9J,$r<h$k$?$a$K$^$::n6H$7$F$$$k%G%#%l%/%H%j$r%j%M!<%`(B
$B$7!$(B tar$B%"!<%+%$%V$r$b$&0lEYE83+$9$k!%$=$7$F%*%j%8%J%k$N$^$^$N%G%#%l%/%H(B
$B%j$H!$JQ99$r9T$J$C$?%G%#%l%/%H%j$N4V$G!$$=$7$F(B\command{diff}$B$K(B
\cmdopt{diff}{-r}$B$H(B\cmdopt{diff}{-N}$B%*%W%7%g%s$rIU$1$F!$:F5"E*$J:9J,$r<h(B
$B$j!$%Q%C%A$r@8@.$9$k$@$m$&!%@8@.$5$l$?%Q%C%A%U%!%$%k$r8+$k$H!$3F%U%!%$%k(B
$B$N%X%C%@ItJ,$G:8JUCM$N@hF,$K%*%j%8%J%k$NJ}$N%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$,8=$l!$1&JUCM(B
$B$N@hF,$KJQ99$7$?J}$N%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$,8=$l$F$$$k$O$:$G$"$k!%(B

%Since someone receiving a patch from the Alices of the net would be
%unlikely to have unmodified and modified directories with exactly the
%same names, the \command{patch} command has a \cmdopt{patch}{-p}
%option that indicates the number of leading path name components to
%strip when trying to apply a patch.  This number is called the
%\emph{strip count}.

$B%M%C%H>e$NB??t$N%"%j%9$?$A$+$i%Q%C%A$r<u$1<h$C$??M$O!$JQ99$J$7$N%G%#%l%/(B
$B%H%j$HJQ99$5$l$?%G%#%l%/%H%j$NN>J}$r%"%j%9$HF1$8L>A0$G;}$C$F$$$k2DG=@-$O(B
$B$^$:$J$$!%(B\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$K$O(B\cmdopt{patch}{-p}$B%*%W%7%g%s$,$"$j!$(B
$B%Q%C%A$rE,MQ$9$k;~$K%Q%9$NMWAG$r@hF,$+$i$$$/$D:o$k$+$r;XDj$G$-$k!%$3$N?t(B
$B$O(B\emph{$B%9%H%j%C%W%+%&%s%H(B}$B$H8F$P$l$k!%(B

%An option of ``\texttt{-p1}'' means ``use a strip count of one''.  If
%\command{patch} sees a file name \filename{foo/bar/baz} in a file
%header, it will strip \filename{foo} and try to patch a file named
%\filename{bar/baz}.  (Strictly speaking, the strip count refers to the
%number of \emph{path separators} (and the components that go with them
%) to strip.  A strip count of one will turn \filename{foo/bar} into
%\filename{bar}, but \filename{/foo/bar} (notice the extra leading
%slash) into \filename{foo/bar}.)

$B%*%W%7%g%s(B``\texttt{-p1}''$B$O(B``$B%9%H%j%C%W%+%&%s%H(B1$B$r;H$&(B''$B$H$$$&0UL#$G$"(B
$B$k!%$b$7(B\command{patch}$B$,%U%!%$%k%X%C%@$K(B\filename{foo/bar/baz}$B$r8+$D$1(B
$B$?;~$O!$(B\filename{foo}$B$rMn$7$F(B\filename{bar/baz}$B$H$$$&L>A0$N%U%!%$%k$K%Q%C(B
$B%A$r;n$_$k!%!J87L)$K8@$&$H%9%H%j%C%W%+%&%s%H$O(B\emph{$B%Q%9%;%Q%l!<%?(B}$B$N?t(B
$B$r;2>H$7$F$$$k!J7k2L$H$7$FMWAG$b;2>H$5$l$k!K%9%H%j%C%W%+%&%s%H(B1$B$O(B
\filename{foo/bar}$B$r(B\filename{bar}$B$KJQ$($k!%$^$?(B\filename{/foo/bar}$B!JA0(B
$B$KCV$+$l$?%9%i%C%7%e$KCm0U!K$O(B\filename{foo/bar}$B$H$J$k!%!K(B

%The ``standard'' strip count for patches is one; almost all patches
%contain one leading path name component that needs to be stripped.
%Mercurial's \hgcmd{diff} command generates path names in this form,
%and the \hgcmd{import} command and MQ expect patches to have a strip
%count of one.

$B%Q%C%A$X$N(B``$BI8=`E*$J(B''$B%9%H%j%C%W%+%&%s%H$O(B1$B$G$"$k!%$[$H$s$IA4$F$N%Q%C%A(B
$B$O<h$j=|$/$Y$-%Q%9MWAG$r0l$D;}$C$F$$$k!%(BMercurial$B$N(B\hgcmd{diff}$B%3%^%s%I(B
$B$O%Q%9L>$r$3$N7A<0$G@8@.$7!$(B\hgcmd{import}$B%3%^%s%I$H(BMQ$B$O%9%H%j%C%W%+%&%s(B
$B%H(B1$B$rA0Ds$H$7$F$$$k!%(B

%If you receive a patch from someone that you want to add to your patch
%queue, and the patch needs a strip count other than one, you cannot
%just \hgxcmd{mq}{qimport} the patch, because \hgxcmd{mq}{qimport} does not yet
%have a \texttt{-p} option (see~\bug{311}).  Your best bet is to
%\hgxcmd{mq}{qnew} a patch of your own, then use \cmdargs{patch}{-p\emph{N}}
%to apply their patch, followed by \hgcmd{addremove} to pick up any
%files added or removed by the patch, followed by \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}.
%This complexity may become unnecessary; see~\bug{311} for details.

$BC/$+$+$i%Q%C%A$r<u$1<h$j!$%Q%C%A%-%e!<$KDI2C$9$k$H$-!$%9%H%j%C%W%+%&%s%H(B
$B$,(B1$B0J30$G$"$l$PC1$K(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qimport}$B$9$k$3$H$O$G$-$J$$!%$3$l$O(B
\hgxcmd{mq}{qimport}$B%3%^%s%I$,$^$@(B\texttt{-p}$B%*%W%7%g%s$r;}$C$F$$$J$$$?$a(B
$B$@!J(B\bug{311}$B$r;2>H!K!%:G$b>e<j$/$$$-$=$&$JJ}K!$O!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qnew}$B$G?7(B
$B$?$K%Q%C%A$r:n$j!$(B\cmdargs{patch}{-p\emph{N}}$B$r<B9T$7$F<u$1<h$C$?%Q%C%A$r(B
$BE,MQ$7$?8e!$%Q%C%A$K$h$C$FDI2C$5$l$?$j:o=|$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$r(B
\hgcmd{addremove}$B$K$h$C$F%T%C%/%"%C%W$7!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}$B$r<B9T$9$k(B
$B$3$H$G$"$k!%$3$NJ#;($J<j=g$O>-MhE*$K$OI,MW$J$/$J$k$O$:$@!J(B\bug{311}$B$r;2(B
$B>H!K!%(B

%\subsection{Strategies for applying a patch}
\subsection{$B%Q%C%AE,MQ$N$?$a$N@oN,(B}

%When \command{patch} applies a hunk, it tries a handful of
%successively less accurate strategies to try to make the hunk apply.
%This falling-back technique often makes it possible to take a patch
%that was generated against an old version of a file, and apply it
%against a newer version of that file.

\command{patch}$B$,(Bhunk$B$rE,MQ$9$k$H$-!$$$$/$D$+$N$"$^$j@53N$G$J$$@oN,$rB3$1(B
$B$FMQ$$$k!%$3$N%U%)!<%k%P%C%/<jK!$K$h$C$F!$8E$$%P!<%8%g%s$N%U%!%$%k$KBP$7(B
$B$F:n@.$7$?%Q%C%A$r?7$7$$%U%!%$%k$KE,MQ$9$k$3$H$5$($7$P$7$P2DG=$H$J$k!%(B

%First, \command{patch} tries an exact match, where the line numbers,
%the context, and the text to be modified must apply exactly.  If it
%cannot make an exact match, it tries to find an exact match for the
%context, without honouring the line numbering information.  If this
%succeeds, it prints a line of output saying that the hunk was applied,
%but at some \emph{offset} from the original line number.

$B:G=i$K!$(B\command{patch}$B$O9THV9f!$%3%s%F%-%9%H!$JQ99$5$l$k%F%-%9%H$N@53N$J(B
$B%^%C%A$r;n$_$k!%@53N$J%^%C%A$,$G$-$J$$>l9g!$9THV9f$rL5;k$7$F%3%s%F%-%9%H(B
$B$N@53N$J%^%C%A$r;n$_$k!%$3$l$,@.8y$9$l$P!$(Bhunk$B$,E,MQ$5$l$?$,!$(B\emph{$B%*%U(B
$B%;%C%H(B}$B$,@8$8$?$H$$$&%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($9$k!%(B

%If a context-only match fails, \command{patch} removes the first and
%last lines of the context, and tries a \emph{reduced} context-only
%match.  If the hunk with reduced context succeeds, it prints a message
%saying that it applied the hunk with a \emph{fuzz factor} (the number
%after the fuzz factor indicates how many lines of context
%\command{patch} had to trim before the patch applied).

$B%3%s%F%-%9%H$N$_$N%^%C%A$,<:GT$9$k$H!$(B\command{patch}$B$O%3%s%F%-%9%H$N:G=i(B
$B$H:G8e$N9T$r:o$j!$%3%s%F%-%9%H$N(B\emph{$B=L>.(B}$B%^%C%A$r;n$_$k!%=L>.%3%s%F%-%9(B
$B%H$K$h$k(Bhunk$B$,@.8y$9$k$H!$(Bhunk$B$,E,MQ$5$l$?$3$H$H(B\emph{fuzz $B%U%!%/%?!<(B}$B$r(B
$B4^$`%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($9$k!%!J(Bfuzz$B%U%!%/%?!<$N8e$m$N?t;z$O!$(B
\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$,!$%Q%C%A$rE,MQ$9$kA0$K%3%s%F%-%9%H$N2?9T$r:o=|$9(B
$B$kI,MW$,$"$C$?$N$+$r<($9!%!K(B

%When neither of these techniques works, \command{patch} prints a message
%saying that the hunk in question was rejected.  It saves rejected hunks
%(also simply called ``rejects'') to a file with the same name, and an
%added \sfilename{.rej} extension.  It also saves an unmodified copy of
%the file with a \sfilename{.orig} extension; the copy of the file
%without any extensions will contain any changes made by hunks that
%\emph{did} apply cleanly.  If you have a patch that modifies
%\filename{foo} with six hunks, and one of them fails to apply, you will
%have: an unmodified \filename{foo.orig}, a \filename{foo.rej} containing
%one hunk, and \filename{foo}, containing the changes made by the five
%successful five hunks.

$B$I$A$i$b>e<j$/$$$+$J$+$C$?>l9g!$(B\command{patch}$B$O(Bhunk$B$,%j%8%'%/%H$5$l$?$H(B
$B$$$&%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($9$k!%%3%^%s%I$O%j%8%'%/%H$5$l$?(Bhunk$B!J$"$k$$$OC1$K(B
``rejects''$B!K$rF1L>$G3HD%;R(B\sfilename{.rej}$B$N%U%!%$%k$K%;!<%V$9$k!%%3%^%s(B
$B%I$OF1;~$KL5JQ99$N%U%!%$%k$r(B\sfilename{.orig}$B$H$$$&3HD%;R$G%;!<%V$9$k!#3H(B
$BD%;R$N$J$$%U%!%$%k$N%3%T!<$O!$(Bhunk$B$+$i%/%j!<%s$KE,MQ$5$l$?JQ99$rA4$F4^$`!%(B
\filename{foo}$B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$rJQ99$9$k(B6$B$D$N(Bhunk$B$r4^$`%Q%C%A%U%!%$%k$,$"$j!$(B
$B$=$NFb$N(B1$B$D$,E,MQ$G$-$J$+$C$?$H$9$k$H!$L5JQ99$N%U%!%$%k(B
\filename{foo.orig}$B!$(Bhunk1$B$D$r4^$`%U%!%$%k(B\filename{foo.rej}$B!$@5$7$/E,MQ(B
$B$5$l$?(B5$B$D$N(Bhunk$B$r4^$`%U%!%$%k(B\filename{foo}$B$,@8@.$5$l$k!%(B

%\subsection{Some quirks of patch representation}
\subsection{$B%Q%C%AI=8=$N4qL/$JE@(B}

%There are a few useful things to know about how \command{patch} works
%with files.
%\begin{itemize}
%\item This should already be obvious, but \command{patch} cannot
%  handle binary files.
%\item Neither does it care about the executable bit; it creates new
%  files as readable, but not executable.
%\item \command{patch} treats the removal of a file as a diff between
%  the file to be removed and the empty file.  So your idea of ``I
%  deleted this file'' looks like ``every line of this file was
%  deleted'' in a patch.
%\item It treats the addition of a file as a diff between the empty
%  file and the file to be added.  So in a patch, your idea of ``I
%  added this file'' looks like ``every line of this file was added''.
%\item It treats a renamed file as the removal of the old name, and the
%  addition of the new name.  This means that renamed files have a big
%  footprint in patches.  (Note also that Mercurial does not currently
%  try to infer when files have been renamed or copied in a patch.)
%\item \command{patch} cannot represent empty files, so you cannot use
%  a patch to represent the notion ``I added this empty file to the
%  tree''.
%\end{itemize}

\command{patch}$B$,%U%!%$%k$K$I$N$h$&$K:nMQ$9$k$+!$M-MQ$JE@$r$$$/$D$+=R$Y(B
$B$k!%(B
\begin{itemize}
 \item $B$9$G$KL@Gr$@$,!$(B\command{patch}$B$O%P%$%J%j%U%!%$%k$r07$&$3$H$O$G$-(B
       $B$J$$!%(B
 \item $B<B9T%S%C%H$r9MN8$7$J$$$@$1$G$J$/!$?7$7$$%U%!%$%k$rFI$_<h$j2DG=B0(B
       $B@-$G:n@.$7!$<B9T2DG=B0@-$OIU$1$J$$!%(B
 \item \command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$O%U%!%$%k$N:o=|$r:o=|$5$l$k%U%!%$%k$HCf?H(B
       $B$,6u$N%U%!%$%k$H$N:9J,$H$7$F07$&!%=>$C$F!$%U%!%$%k$r:o=|$9$k$H$$(B
       $B$&$3$H$O!$%Q%C%A%U%!%$%k$NCf$G$O%U%!%$%k$NCf$NA4$F$N9T$r:o=|$9$k$3(B
       $B$H$HEy2A$G$"$k!%(B
 \item \command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$O%U%!%$%k$NDI2C$r6u$N%U%!%$%k$HDI2C$5$l$k(B
       $B%U%!%$%k$N:9J,$H$7$F07$&!%=>$C$F%U%!%$%k$NDI2C$O%Q%C%A%U%!%$%k$NCf(B
       $B$G$O%U%!%$%k$KA4$F$N9T$rDI2C$9$k$3$H$HEy2A$G$"$k!%(B
 \item \command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$OL>A0$NJQ99$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$r5lL>$N%U%!%$%k(B
       $B$N:o=|$H?7$7$$%U%!%$%k$NDI2C$H$7$F07$&!%=>$C$FL>A0$NJQ99$5$l$?%U%!(B
       $B%$%k$O%Q%C%AFb$GBg$-$J%U%C%H%W%j%s%H$r@j$a$k!%!J(BMercurial$B$O8=:_$N(B
       $B$H$3$m!$%Q%C%AFb$G%U%!%$%k$,%j%M!<%`$5$l$?$N$+!$%3%T!<$5$l$?$N$+(B
       $B$r4XCN$7$J$$!K(B
 \item \command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$OCf?H$N6u$N%U%!%$%k$rI=8=$G$-$J$$!%=>$C$F(B
       $B%Q%C%A%U%!%$%k$r!V6u$N%U%!%$%k$r%D%j!<$KDI2C$9$k!W$H$$$&MQES$K;H(B
       $B$&$3$H$O$G$-$J$$!%(B
\end{itemize}

%\subsection{Beware the fuzz}
\subsection{$B[#Kf$JE@$K$D$$$F(B}

%While applying a hunk at an offset, or with a fuzz factor, will often
%be completely successful, these inexact techniques naturally leave
%open the possibility of corrupting the patched file.  The most common
%cases typically involve applying a patch twice, or at an incorrect
%location in the file. If \command{patch} or \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} ever
%mentions an offset or fuzz factor, you should make sure that the
%modified files are correct afterwards.  

$B$"$k%*%U%;%C%H$d(Bfuzz factor$B$N0LCV$X$N(Bhunk$B$NE,MQ$O!$B?$/$N>l9gLdBj$J$/@.8y(B
$B$9$k$,!$IT@53N$J%^%C%A$rMQ$$$?>l9g!$%Q%C%A$rE,MQ$7$?%U%!%$%k$r2u$7$F$$$k(B
$B2DG=@-$,;D$k!%:G$b$h$/$"$k$N$O!$%Q%C%A$rFsEYE,MQ$7$?$j!$%U%!%$%k$N4V0c$C(B
$B$?>l=j$KE,MQ$7$F$7$^$&$3$H$@!%(B\command{patch}$B$^$?$O(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B$,%*(B
$B%U%;%C%H$+(Bfuzz$B%U%!%/%?!<$rI=<($7$F$$$k9g!$JQ99$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$,@5>o$G$"$k(B
$B$+3NG'$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%(B

%It's often a good idea to refresh a patch that has applied with an
%offset or fuzz factor; refreshing the patch generates new context
%information that will make it apply cleanly.  I say ``often,'' not
%``always,'' because sometimes refreshing a patch will make it fail to
%apply against a different revision of the underlying files.  In some
%cases, such as when you're maintaining a patch that must sit on top of
%multiple versions of a source tree, it's acceptable to have a patch
%apply with some fuzz, provided you've verified the results of the
%patching process in such cases.

$B%*%U%;%C%H$d(Bfuzz factor$B$N=P$?%Q%C%A$r%j%U%l%C%7%e$9$k$N$OB?$/$N>l9gNI$$9M(B
$B$($G$"$k!%%Q%C%A$r%j%U%l%C%7%e$9$k$H!$?7$7$$%3%s%F%-%9%H>pJs$,@8@.$5$l!$(B
$B%Q%C%A$,%/%j!<%s$KE,MQ$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$k!%!V>o$K!W$G$O$J$/!VB?$/$N>l9g!W$H(B
$BCG$C$?$N$O!$%Q%C%A$r%j%U%l%C%7%e$9$k$3$H$G!$85$N%U%!%$%k$N0[$J$C$?%j%S%8%g(B
$B%s$G%Q%C%A$,E,MQ$G$-$J$/$J$k$3$H$,$"$k$+$i$@!%J#?t$N%P!<%8%g%s$N%=!<%9%D(B
$B%j!<$N>e$GE,MQ2DG=$J%Q%C%A$r4IM}$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$h$&$J>l9g$J$I$O!$%Q%C(B
$B%A$N7k2L$r8!>Z$7$F$"$k$N$G$"$l$P(Bfuzz$B$N=P$k%Q%C%A$b5vMF$5$lF@$k!%(B

%\subsection{Handling rejection}
\subsection{$B%j%8%'%/%H$N<h$j07$$(B}

%If \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} fails to apply a patch, it will print an error
%message and exit.  If it has left \sfilename{.rej} files behind, it is
%usually best to fix up the rejected hunks before you push more patches
%or do any further work.

\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B$O%Q%C%A$NE,MQ$K<:GT$7$?>l9g!$%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($7(B
$B$F=*N;$9$k!%(B\sfilename{.rej}$B%U%!%$%k$,:n$i$l$F$$$k>l9g$O!$DL>o!$$5$i$J$k(B
$B%Q%C%A$NDI2C$d?7$7$$:n6H$NA0$K%j%8%'%/%H$5$l$?(Bhunk$B$K$D$$$F=$@5$r9T$&$Y$-(B
$B$G$"$k!%(B

%If your patch \emph{used to} apply cleanly, and no longer does because
%you've changed the underlying code that your patches are based on,
%Mercurial Queues can help; see section~\ref{sec:mq:merge} for details.

$B$=$l$^$G%Q%C%A$,%/%j!<%s$KE,MQ$5$l$F$*$j!$%Q%C%A$NBP>]$K$J$C$F$$$k%3!<%I(B
$B$KJQ99$r2C$($?$?$a$KE,MQ$G$-$J$/$J$C$?$N$J$i!$(BMercurial Queues$B$N;Y1g$r<u(B
$B$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%>\$7$$>pJs$O%;%/%7%g%s(B~\ref{sec:mq:merge}$B$r8+$FM_$7$$!%(B

%Unfortunately, there aren't any great techniques for dealing with
%rejected hunks.  Most often, you'll need to view the \sfilename{.rej}
%file and edit the target file, applying the rejected hunks by hand.

$B;DG0$J$3$H$K!$%j%8%'%/%H$5$l$?(Bhunk$B$r<h$j07$&7h$^$C$?NI$$J}K!$OB8:_$7$J(B
$B$$!%BgDq$N>l9g!$(B\sfilename{.rej}$B%U%!%$%k$r8+$F%?!<%2%C%H%U%!%$%k$rJT=8(B
$B$7!$%j%8%'%/%H$5$l$?(Bhunk$B$r<j$GE,MQ$9$k$3$H$K$J$k!%(B

%If you're feeling adventurous, Neil Brown, a Linux kernel hacker,
%wrote a tool called \command{wiggle}~\cite{web:wiggle}, which is more
%vigorous than \command{patch} in its attempts to make a patch apply.

$BKA81$,9%$-$J$i!$(BLinux kerner$B%O%C%+!<$N(BNeil Brown$B$,=q$$$?(B
\command{wiggle}~\cite{web:wiggle}$B$r;n$7$F$_$k$HNI$$!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$O(B
\command{patch}$B$h$j$b@:NOE*$K%Q%C%A$NE,MQ$r;n$_$k!%(B

%Another Linux kernel hacker, Chris Mason (the author of Mercurial
%Queues), wrote a similar tool called
%\command{mpatch}~\cite{web:mpatch}, which takes a simple approach to
%automating the application of hunks rejected by \command{patch}.  The
%\command{mpatch} command can help with four common reasons that a hunk
%may be rejected:

$BJL$N(BLinux kerner$B%O%C%+!<(B Chris Mason$B!J(BMercurial Queues$B$N:n<T$G$b$"$k!%!K(B
$B$O(B\command{mpatch}~\cite{web:mpatch}$B$H$$$&%D!<%k$r=q$$$?!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$O(B
\command{patch}$B%3%^%s%I$G%j%8%'%/%H$5$l$?(Bhunk$B$NE,MQ$r<+F02=$9(B
$B$k!%(B\command{mpatch}$B%3%^%s%I$O!$(Bhunk$B$,%j%8%'%/%H$5$l$k<g$J860x(B4$B$D$KBP1~(B
$B$9$k(B:

\begin{itemize}
%\item The context in the middle of a hunk has changed.
\item hunk$B$NCf$N%3%s%F%-%9%H$,JQ99$5$l$?(B
%\item A hunk is missing some context at the beginning or end.
\item hunk$B$N3+;OIt!&=*C<It$G%3%s%F%-%9%H$,8+$D$1$i$l$J$$(B
%\item A large hunk might apply better---either entirely or in
%  part---if it was broken up into smaller hunks.
\item $BBg$-$J(Bhunk$B$O$b$C$H>e<j$KE,MQ$G$-$kH&$@(B---hunk$B$r>.$5$J(Bhunk$B$KJ,3d$7(B
      $B$FE,MQ$9$k(B
%\item A hunk removes lines with slightly different content than those
%  currently present in the file.
\item hunk$BFb$N9T$,8=:_%U%!%$%k$K$"$k9T$H<c430c$C$F$$$k>l9g!$$=$N9T$r:o=|(B
      $B$9$k(B
\end{itemize}

%If you use \command{wiggle} or \command{mpatch}, you should be doubly
%careful to check your results when you're done.  In fact,
%\command{mpatch} enforces this method of double-checking the tool's
%output, by automatically dropping you into a merge program when it has
%done its job, so that you can verify its work and finish off any
%remaining merges.

\command{wiggle}$B$^$?$O(B\command{mpatch}$B$r;HMQ$7$?>l9g$O!$7k2L$K:Y?4$NCm0U(B
$B$,I,MW$G$"$k!%<B:]$K$O(B\command{mpatch}$B$O%D!<%k$N=PNO$GFs=E%A%'%C%/$r6/@)(B
$B$7!$F0:n$,=*$k$H<+F0E*$K%^!<%8%W%m%0%i%`$r5/F0$9$k!%$3$l$K$h$C$F:n6H$r3N(B
$BG'$7!$%^!<%8$r40N;$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B

%\section{Getting the best performance out of MQ}
\section{MQ$B$r:GBg8B$K3hMQ$9$k(B}
\label{sec:mq:perf}

%MQ is very efficient at handling a large number of patches.  I ran
%some performance experiments in mid-2006 for a talk that I gave at the
%2006 EuroPython conference~\cite{web:europython}.  I used as my data
%set the Linux 2.6.17-mm1 patch series, which consists of 1,738
%patches.  I applied these on top of a Linux kernel repository
%containing all 27,472 revisions between Linux 2.6.12-rc2 and Linux
%2.6.17.

MQ$B$O$H$F$b8zN(E*$KBgNL$N%Q%C%A$r=hM}$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%I.<T$O(B2006$BG/$NCf:"!$(B
2006 EuroPython conference~\cite{web:europython}$B$G$N9V1i$N$?$a$K@-G=B,Dj(B
$B$r9T$C$?!%B,Dj$KMQ$$$?%G!<%?$O(BLinux 2.6.17-mm1$B$N%Q%C%A%7%j!<%:$G!$(B1,738
$B$N%Q%C%A$r4^$`!%$3$N%Q%C%A$r(BLinux kernel$B%j%]%8%H%j$KE,MQ$7$?!%%j%]%8%H%j(B
$B$O(BLinux 2.6.12-rc2$B$+$i(BLinux 2.6.17$B$^$G$N(B27,472$B$N%j%S%8%g%s$r4^$s$G$$$k!%(B

%On my old, slow laptop, I was able to
%\hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-a}} all 1,738 patches in 3.5 minutes,
%and \hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}} them all in 30 seconds.  (On a
%newer laptop, the time to push all patches dropped to two minutes.)  I
%could \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} one of the biggest patches (which made 22,779
%lines of changes to 287 files) in 6.6 seconds.

$BI.<T$N8E$/CY$$%i%C%W%H%C%W$G!$(B\hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-a}}$B$G(B
1738$B$N%Q%C%A$9$Y$F$r=hM}$9$k$N$K(B
3.5$BJ,!$(B\hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}}$B$r9T$&$N$K(B30$BIC$rMW$7$?!%(B($B?7(B
$B$7$$%i%C%W%H%C%W$G$O%W%C%7%e$N=jMW;~4V$O(B2$BJ,$G$"$C$?!%(B)$B:GBg$N%Q%C%A(B
(22.778$B9T$G!$(B287$B$N%U%!%$%k$rJQ99$9$k(B)$B$K(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}$B$r9T$C$?$H$3(B
$B$m!$(B6.6$BIC$rMW$7$?!%(B

%Clearly, MQ is well suited to working in large trees, but there are a
%few tricks you can use to get the best performance of it.

MQ$B$,5pBg$J%D%j!<$G$N:n6H$KE,$7$F$$$k$N$OL@$i$+$@$,!$$5$i$K:G9b$N@-G=$r0z(B
$B$-=P$9$?$a$K$$$/$D$+$N%H%j%C%/$,;H$($k!%(B

%First of all, try to ``batch'' operations together.  Every time you
%run \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} or \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}, these commands scan the working
%directory once to make sure you haven't made some changes and then
%forgotten to run \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}.  On a small tree, the time that
%this scan takes is unnoticeable.  However, on a medium-sized tree
%(containing tens of thousands of files), it can take a second or more.

$B$^$:Bh0l$K!$(B``batch''$B%*%Z%l!<%7%g%s$rJ;MQ$9$k$3$H$,$G$-(B
$B$k!%(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B$^$?$O(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}$B$O!$%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$K(B
$BJQ99$r2C$($?$N$K(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}$B$N<B9T$rK:$l$F$$$J$$$+$I$&$+D4$Y$k$?(B
$B$a!$<B9T;~$K>o$K%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$r%9%-%c%s$9$k!%>.5,LO$J%D%j!<$G$O(B
$B5$$E$+$J$$DxEY$N;~4V$7$+$+$+$i$J$$$,!$(B($B?tK|$N%U%!%$%k$r;}$D$h$&$J(B)$BCf5,LO(B
$B$N$G$O?tIC$N;~4V$rMW$9$k!%(B

%The \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} and \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} commands allow you to push and pop
%multiple patches at a time.  You can identify the ``destination
%patch'' that you want to end up at.  When you \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} with a
%destination specified, it will push patches until that patch is at the
%top of the applied stack.  When you \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} to a destination, MQ
%will pop patches until the destination patch is at the top.

\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B%3%^%s%I$H(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}$B%3%^%s%I$OJ#?t$N%U%!%$%k$rF1(B
$B;~$K(Bpush$B$^$?$O(Bpop$B$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%:G=*L\E*$N%Q%C%A$,$"$k$J$i(B
$B$P!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B$KL\E*$N%Q%C%A$r;XDj$7$F<B9T$9$k$3$H$G!$;XDj$7$?%Q%C(B
$B%A$,:F>e0L$K$J$k$^$G%Q%C%A$r(Bpush$B$9$k!%F1MM$K(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}$B$KL\E*$N%Q%C(B
$B%A$r;XDj$9$l$P!$;XDj$7$?%Q%C%A$,:F>e0L$K$J$k$^$G%Q%C%A$r(Bpop$B$9$k!%(B

%You can identify a destination patch using either the name of the
%patch, or by number.  If you use numeric addressing, patches are
%counted from zero; this means that the first patch is zero, the second
%is one, and so on.

$BL\E*$N%Q%C%A$OL>A0$G$bHV9f$G$b;XDj2DG=$G$"$k!%HV9f$,MQ$$$i$l$k>l9g$O!$%Q%C(B
$B%A$O(B0$B$+$i%+%&%s%H$5$l$k!%$D$^$j:G=i$N%Q%C%A$O(B0$B$H$J$j!$(B2$BHVL\$O(B1$B!$$H$$$&Iw(B
$B$K$J$k!%(B

%\section{Updating your patches when the underlying code changes}
\section{$BBP>]%3!<%I$NJQ2=$K9g$o$;$F%Q%C%A$r99?7$9$k(B}
\label{sec:mq:merge}

%It's common to have a stack of patches on top of an underlying
%repository that you don't modify directly.  If you're working on
%changes to third-party code, or on a feature that is taking longer to
%develop than the rate of change of the code beneath, you will often
%need to sync up with the underlying code, and fix up any hunks in your
%patches that no longer apply.  This is called \emph{rebasing} your
%patch series.

$BD>@\JQ99$7$J$$%j%]%8%H%j$N>e$K%Q%C%A$N%9%?%C%/$r4IM}$9$k$3$H$O$h$/9T$o$l(B
$B$k!%%5!<%I%Q!<%F%#$N%3!<%I$rJQ99$9$k:n6H$r$7$F$$$k>l9g$d!$85$K$J$k%3!<%I(B
$B$NJQ99IQEY$KHf$Y$FD9$$;~4V$,$+$+$k5!G=$r3+H/$7$F$$$k>l9g!$$7$P$7$P85$N%3!<(B
$B%I$NF14|$r9T$$!$%Q%C%A$NCf$N$b$O$dE,MQ$G$-$J$/$J$C$?(Bhunk$B$r=$@5$9$k$3$H$K(B
$B$J$k$@$m$&!%$3$l$O%Q%C%A$N(B\emph{rebasing}$B$H8F$P$l$k!%(B

%The simplest way to do this is to \hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}}
%your patches, then \hgcmd{pull} changes into the underlying
%repository, and finally \hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}} your
%patches again.  MQ will stop pushing any time it runs across a patch
%that fails to apply during conflicts, allowing you to fix your
%conflicts, \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} the affected patch, and continue pushing
%until you have fixed your entire stack.

$B$3$l$r9T$&:G$b4JC1$JJ}K!$O!$%Q%C%A$KBP$7$F(B
\hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}}$B$r9T$$!$2<0L$N%j%]%8%H%j$K(B
\hgcmd{pull}$B$r9T$&!%$=$7$F:G8e$K%Q%C%A$K:F$S(B
\hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}}$B$r9T$&!%(B MQ$B$O%Q%C%AE,MQCf$K%3%s%U(B
$B%j%/%H$,$"$k$H!$$$$D$G$b%W%C%7%e$rDd;_$7!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}$B$K$h$C$F%3(B
$B%s%U%j%/%H$r=$@5$9$k5!2q$rM?$($k!%$=$N8e$K$9$Y$F$N%Q%C%A%9%?%C%/$rE,MQ$9(B
$B$k$^$G%W%C%7%e$rB3$1$k!%(B

%This approach is easy to use and works well if you don't expect
%changes to the underlying code to affect how well your patches apply.
%If your patch stack touches code that is modified frequently or
%invasively in the underlying repository, however, fixing up rejected
%hunks by hand quickly becomes tiresome.

$B$3$N%"%W%m!<%A$O4JC1$G!$%Q%C%A$NE,MQ$5$l$k2<0L$N%3!<%I$X$NJQ99$,$J$1$l$P(B
$B$&$^$/F/$/!%$7$+$7!$%Q%C%A%9%?%C%/$,!$IQHK$K99?7$5$l$?$j!$2<0L%j%]%8%H%j(B
$B$X?/F~E*$K99?7$5$l$?$j$9$k%3!<%I$K?($l$F$$$k>l9g$O%j%8%'%/%H$5$l$?%3!<%I(B
$B$N=$@5$OLLE]$J$b$N$K$J$k!%(B

%It's possible to partially automate the rebasing process.  If your
%patches apply cleanly against some revision of the underlying repo, MQ
%can use this information to help you to resolve conflicts between your
%patches and a different revision.

rebase$B%W%m%;%9$rItJ,E*$K<+F02=$9$k$3$H$O2DG=$G$"$k!%%Q%C%A$,2<0L$N%j%]%8(B
$B%H%j$N$$$:$l$+$N%P!<%8%g%s$K%/%j!<%s$KE,MQ$G$-$k$N$G$"$l$P!$(BMQ$B$O$3$N>pJs(B
$B$r;H$C$F%Q%C%A$H$=$NB>$N%j%S%8%g%s$H$N4V$N%3%s%U%j%/%H$r2r>C$9$k$N$r1g=u(B
$B$9$k!%(B

%The process is a little involved.
$B$3$N%W%m%;%9$O$d$d9~$_F~$C$F$$$k!%(B
\begin{enumerate}
%\item To begin, \hgcmdargs{qpush}{-a} all of your patches on top of
%  the revision where you know that they apply cleanly.
\item $B:G=i$K!$%Q%C%A$,%/%j!<%s$KE,MQ$G$-$k%j%S%8%g%s$N>e$G!$$9$Y$F$N%Q%C(B
      $B%A$KBP$7$F(B\hgcmdargs{qpush}{-a}$B$r9T$&!%(B

%\item Save a backup copy of your patch directory using
%  \hgcmdargs{qsave}{\hgxopt{mq}{qsave}{-e} \hgxopt{mq}{qsave}{-c}}.
%  This prints
%  the name of the directory that it has saved the patches in.  It will
%  save the patches to a directory called
%  \sdirname{.hg/patches.\emph{N}}, where \texttt{\emph{N}} is a small
%  integer.  It also commits a ``save changeset'' on top of your

%  applied patches; this is for internal book-keeping, and records the
%  states of the \sfilename{series} and \sfilename{status} files.

\item $B%Q%C%A%G%#%l%/%H%j$r%;!<%V$r(B
      \hgcmdargs{qsave}{\hgxopt{mq}{qsave}{-e} \hgxopt{mq}{qsave}{-c}}$B$r(B
      $BMQ$$$F9T$&!%%Q%C%A$r%;!<%V$7$?%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$,I=<($5$l$k!%$3$N%3%^(B
      $B%s%I$O!$(B\sdirname{.hg/patches.\emph{N}}$B$H$$$&%G%#%l%/%H%j$K%;!<%V$r(B
      $B9T$&!%$3$3$G(B\texttt{\emph{N}}$B$O>.$5$$@0?t$G$"$k!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$O(B``$B%;!<(B
      $B%V%A%'%s%8%;%C%H(B''$B$rE,MQ$5$l$?%Q%C%A$N>e$K%3%_%C%H$9$k!%$3$l$OFbIt(B
      $BE*$J4IM}$H!$(B\sfilename{series}$B%U%!%$%k5Z$S(B\sfilename{status}$B%U%!%$(B
      $B%k$N>uBV$r5-O?$9$k$?$a$G$"$k!%(B

%\item Use \hgcmd{pull} to bring new changes into the underlying
%  repository.  (Don't run \hgcmdargs{pull}{-u}; see below for why.)

\item \hgcmd{pull}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F?7$?$JJQ99$r2<0L$N%j%]%8%H%j$K<h$j9~(B
      $B$`!%(B(\hgcmdargs{pull}{-u}$B$r<B9T$7$F$O$$$1$J$$!%M}M3$K$D$$$F$O2<5-(B
      $B$r;2>H!%(B)

%\item Update to the new tip revision, using
%  \hgcmdargs{update}{\hgopt{update}{-C}} to override the patches you
%  have pushed.

\item \hgcmdargs{update}{\hgopt{update}{-C}}$B$rMQ$$$F!$(Bpush$B$7$?%Q%C%A$r%*!<(B
      $B%P%i%$%I$7$F?7$?$J(Btip$B%j%S%8%g%s$X$N%"%C%W%G!<%H$r9T$&!%(B

%\item Merge all patches using \hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-m}
%    \hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-a}}.  The \hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-m} option to \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}
%  tells MQ to perform a three-way merge if the patch fails to apply.

\item \hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-m} \hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-a}}$B$r(B
      $BMQ$$$F$9$Y$F$N%Q%C%A$N%^!<%8$r9T$&!%(B\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-m}$B%*%W%7%g(B
      $B%s$r(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B$KIU$1$k$H!$(BMQ$B$O%Q%C%A$NE,MQ$K<:GT$7$?>l(B
      $B9g!$(B3$B%&%'%$%^!<%8$r9T$&!%(B

\end{enumerate}

%During the \hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-m}}, each patch in the
%\sfilename{series} file is applied normally.  If a patch applies with
%fuzz or rejects, MQ looks at the queue you \hgxcmd{mq}{qsave}d, and
%performs a three-way merge with the corresponding changeset.  This
%merge uses Mercurial's normal merge machinery, so it may pop up a GUI
%merge tool to help you to resolve problems.

\hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-m}}$B%3%^%s%I$N<B9T(B
$BCf!$(B\sfilename{series}$BFb$N%Q%C%A$ODL>oDL$jE,MQ$5$l$k!%$b$7%Q%C%A$,(Bfuzz$B$d(B
reject$B$r=P$7$?>l9g!$(BMQ$B$O(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qsave}$B$7$?%-%e!<$r;2>H$7!$BP1~$9$k%A%'(B
$B%s%8%;%C%H$H$N4V$G(B3$B%&%'%$%^!<%8$r9T$&!%%^!<%8$O(BMercurial$B$NDL>o$N5!9=$r;H$C(B
$B$F9T$o$l$k$?$a!$@_Dj$K$h$C$FLdBj$r2r7h$9$k$?$a$N(BGUI$B%^!<%8%D!<%k$J$I$,5/F0(B
$B$9$k!%(B

%When you finish resolving the effects of a patch, MQ refreshes your
%patch based on the result of the merge.

$B%Q%C%A$N1F6A$N2r7h$r=*$($?;~!$(BMQ$B$O%^!<%8$N7k2L$rF'$^$($F%Q%C%A$N%j%U%l%C(B
$B%7%e$r9T$&!%(B

%At the end of this process, your repository will have one extra head
%from the old patch queue, and a copy of the old patch queue will be in
%\sdirname{.hg/patches.\emph{N}}. You can remove the extra head using

%\hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a} \hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-n} patches.\emph{N}}
%or \hgcmd{strip}.  You can delete \sdirname{.hg/patches.\emph{N}} once
%you are sure that you no longer need it as a backup.

$B$3$N%W%m%;%9$N:G8e$K%j%]%8%H%j$K$O8E$$%Q%C%A%-%e!<$KM3Mh$9$k0l$DM>J,$J(B
head$B$,$G$-!$8E$$%Q%C%A%-%e!<$,(B\sdirname{.hg/patches.\emph{N}}$B$K%3%T!<$5$l(B
$B$k!%$3$N(Bhead$B$O(B\hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}
\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-n} patches.\emph{N}}$B$^$?$O(B\hgcmd{strip}$B$K$h$C$F>C5n$G(B
$B$-$k!%%P%C%/%"%C%W$,ITMW$J$3$H$,J,$+$l$P!$(B\sdirname{.hg/patches.\emph{N}}$B$r(B
$B>C5n$7$F$b9=$o$J$$!%(B

%\section{Identifying patches}
\section{$B%Q%C%A$N<1JL(B}

%MQ commands that work with patches let you refer to a patch either by
%using its name or by a number.  By name is obvious enough; pass the
%name \filename{foo.patch} to \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}, for example, and it will
%push patches until \filename{foo.patch} is applied.

$B%Q%C%A$r07$&(BMQ$B%3%^%s%I$O!$%Q%C%A$r%Q%C%AL>$^$?$OHV9f$G;2>H$9$k!%L>A0$N>l(B
$B9g$ONc$($P%U%!%$%kL>(B\filename{foo.patch}$B$r(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B$KEO$9!%$3$N(B
$B>l9g!$%3%^%s%I$O(B\filename{foo.patch}$B$^$G$N%U%!%$%k$r%W%C%7%e$9$k!%(B

%As a shortcut, you can refer to a patch using both a name and a
%numeric offset; \texttt{foo.patch-2} means ``two patches before
%\texttt{foo.patch}'', while \texttt{bar.patch+4} means ``four patches
%after \texttt{bar.patch}''.

$B%7%g!<%H%+%C%H$H$7$F!$%Q%C%A$KL>A0$H?t;z$K$h$k%*%U%;%C%HN>J}$rMQ$$$F;2>H(B
$B$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B\texttt{foo.patch-2}$B$O(B``\texttt{foo.patch}$B$N(B2$B$DA0$N%Q%C(B
$B%A(B''$B$H2r<a$5$l$k!%$^$?!$(B\texttt{bar.patch+4}$B$O(B``\texttt{bar.patch}$B$N(B4$B$D(B
$B8e$N%Q%C%A(B''$B$H2r<a$5$l$k!%(B

%Referring to a patch by index isn't much different.  The first patch
%printed in the output of \hgxcmd{mq}{qseries} is patch zero (yes, it's one
%of those start-at-zero counting systems); the second is patch one; and
%so on

$B%$%s%G%C%/%9$,$"$^$j0c$o$J$$%Q%C%A$N;2>H!%(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qseries}$B$G:G=i$KI=(B
$B<($5$l$k%Q%C%A$O%Q%C%A(B0($B$3$l$b(B0$B$+$i?t$(;O$a$k(B)$B$G!$(B2$BHVL\$O%Q%C%A(B1$B$N$h$&$K(B
$BB3$/!%(B

%MQ also makes it easy to work with patches when you are using normal
%Mercurial commands.  Every command that accepts a changeset ID will
%also accept the name of an applied patch.  MQ augments the tags
%normally in the repository with an eponymous one for each applied
%patch.  In addition, the special tags \index{tags!special tag
%  names!\texttt{qbase}}\texttt{qbase} and \index{tags!special tag
%  names!\texttt{qtip}}\texttt{qtip} identify the ``bottom-most'' and
%topmost applied patches, respectively.

MQ$B$O!$DL>o$N(BMercurial$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$&;~$N$b4JC1$K$7$F$$$k!%A4$F$N%3%^%s%I$O(B
$B%A%'%s%8%;%C%H(BID$B$HE,MQ$5$l$?%Q%C%A$NHV9f$r<u$1IU$1$k!%(BMQ$B$O!$%j%]%8%H%j$K(B
$BE,MQ$5$l$?%Q%C%A$NL>A0$N$D$$$?%?%0$r<u$1IU$1$k!%$5$i$K!$:G2<0L$NE,MQ$5$l(B
$B$?%Q%C%A$rI=$9FCJL$J%?%0(B\index{tags!special tag
names!\texttt{qbase}}\texttt{qbase}$B$H!$:G>e0L$rI=$9FCJL$J%?%0(B
\index{tags!special tag names!\texttt{qtip}}\texttt{qtip}$B$b<u$1IU$1$k!%(B

%These additions to Mercurial's normal tagging capabilities make
%dealing with patches even more of a breeze.

Mercurial$B$NDL>o$N%?%05!G=$X$N$3$l$i$NDI2C$O!$%Q%C%A$N<h$j07$$$K$*$$$FBg$-(B
$B$J0UL#$r;}$D!%(B

\begin{itemize}
%\item Want to patchbomb a mailing list with your latest series of
%  changes?
\item $B0lO"$N:G?7$NJQ99$r%Q%C%AGzCF$H$7$F%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H$X$KEj$29~$_$?$$(B
      $B$@$m$&$+!)(B
  \begin{codesample4}
    hg email qbase:qtip
  \end{codesample4}
%  (Don't know what ``patchbombing'' is?  See
%  section~\ref{sec:hgext:patchbomb}.)
(``patchbombing''$B$,2?$+J,$+$i$J$1$l$P(Bsection~\ref{sec:hgext:patchbomb}$B$r(B
      $B;2>H$N$3$H!%(B)
%\item Need to see all of the patches since \texttt{foo.patch} that
%  have touched files in a subdirectory of your tree?
 \item $B%D%j!<Cf$N%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$K4^$^$l$k%U%!%$%k$K?($l$?(B
      \texttt{foo.patch}$B0J9_$N%Q%C%A$rA4$F8+$?$$$+!)(B
  \begin{codesample4}
    hg log -r foo.patch:qtip \emph{subdir}
  \end{codesample4}
\end{itemize}

%Because MQ makes the names of patches available to the rest of
%Mercurial through its normal internal tag machinery, you don't need to
%type in the entire name of a patch when you want to identify it by
%name.

MQ$B$G$N%Q%C%A$NL>>N$O!$FbIt$N%?%05!9=$rMQ$$$F$$$k$?$a!$(BMercurial$B$NB>$NItJ,(B
$B$G$bMxMQ2DG=$G$"$k!%L>>N$r;XDj$9$k;~!$L>>NA4$F$rF~NO$9$kI,MW$O$J$$!%(B

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.id.output}
%  \caption{Using MQ's tag features to work with patches}
  \caption{$B%Q%C%A$r07$&$?$a(BMQ$B$N%?%05!G=$rMxMQ$9$k(B}
  \label{ex:mq:id}
\end{figure}

%Another nice consequence of representing patch names as tags is that
%when you run the \hgcmd{log} command, it will display a patch's name
%as a tag, simply as part of its normal output.  This makes it easy to
%visually distinguish applied patches from underlying ``normal''
%revisions.  Figure~\ref{ex:mq:id} shows a few normal Mercurial
%commands in use with applied patches.

$B%Q%C%AL>$r%?%0$H$7$F<h$j07$&$3$H$N$b$&0l$D$NMxE@$O!$(B\hgcmd{log}$B%3%^%s%I(B
$B$r<B9T$7$?;~!$DL>o=PNO$N0lIt$K%Q%C%AL>$r%?%0$H$7$FI=<($9$kE@$G$"$k!%$3$N(B
$B$?$a!$E,MQ$7$?%Q%C%A$O2<0L$N(B``$BDL>o$N(B''$B%j%S%8%g%s$H;k3PE*$K6hJL$70W$/$J$k!%(B
$B?^(B~\ref{ex:mq:id}$B$K$$$/$D$+$NDL>o$N(BMercurial$B%3%^%s%I$rE,MQ:Q$_%Q%C%A$H6&(B
$B$K;HMQ$7$?>l9g$r<($9!%(B

%\section{Useful things to know about}
\section{$BCN$C$F$*$/$Y$-$$$/$D$+$NE@(B}

%There are a number of aspects of MQ usage that don't fit tidily into
%sections of their own, but that are good to know.  Here they are, in
%one place.

MQ$B$N;HMQK!$K$O8DJL$K<h$j>e$2$k$[$I$G$O$J$$$,!$CN$C$F$*$/$HNI$$$$$/$D$+$N(B
$BE@$,$"$k!%$3$3$G$O$=$l$i$r$^$H$a$F<h$j>e$2$k!%(B

\begin{itemize}
%\item Normally, when you \hgxcmd{mq}{qpop} a patch and \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} it
%  again, the changeset that represents the patch after the pop/push
%  will have a \emph{different identity} than the changeset that
%  represented the hash beforehand.  See
%  section~\ref{sec:mqref:cmd:qpush} for information as to why this is.
\item $B%Q%C%A$r(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpop}$B$7$?8e$G:F$S(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B$9$k(B
      $B$H!$(Bpop/push$B$7$?8e$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$O!$0JA0$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$H0[$J$k(B
      $B%"%$%G%s%F%#%F%#$r;}$A!$%O%C%7%eCM$,0[$J$k!%$3$NM}M3$K$D$$$F$O%;%/(B
      $B%7%g%s(B~\ref{sec:mqref:cmd:qpush}$B$r;2>H$5$l$?$$!%(B
%\item It's not a good idea to \hgcmd{merge} changes from another
%  branch with a patch changeset, at least if you want to maintain the
%  ``patchiness'' of that changeset and changesets below it on the
%  patch stack.  If you try to do this, it will appear to succeed, but
%  MQ will become confused.
\item \hgcmd{merge}$B$,B>$N%V%i%s%A$N%Q%C%A%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$r%^!<%8$9$k$3$H(B
      $B$O!$$=$N%A%'%s%8%;%C%H$H%Q%C%A%9%?%C%/$K@Q$_9~$^$l$?B>$N%A%'%s%8%;%C(B
      $B%H$H$N4V$G0l4S@-$r0];}$7$h$&$H$9$k$N$G$"$l$PHr$1$k$Y$-$G$"$k!%$3$l(B
      $B$r;n$_$?>l9g!$0l8+@.8y$7$?$h$&$K8+$($F$b(BMQ$B$O:.Mp>uBV$K4Y$C$F$7$^(B
      $B$&!%(B
\end{itemize}

%\section{Managing patches in a repository}
\section{$B%j%]%8%H%jFb$G$N%Q%C%A$N4IM}(B}
\label{sec:mq:repo}

%Because MQ's \sdirname{.hg/patches} directory resides outside a
%Mercurial repository's working directory, the ``underlying'' Mercurial
%repository knows nothing about the management or presence of patches.

MQ$B$N(B\sdirname{.hg/patches}$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$O(BMercurial$B%j%]%8%H%j$N%o!<%-%s%0(B
$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$N30$K$"$k$N$G!$(B``$B2<0L$N(B''Mercurial$B%j%]%8%H%j$O%Q%C%A$N4IM}(B
$B$d!$$=$NB8:_<+BN$K$D$$$F2?$bCN$i$J$$!%(B

%This presents the interesting possibility of managing the contents of
%the patch directory as a Mercurial repository in its own right.  This
%can be a useful way to work.  For example, you can work on a patch for
%a while, \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} it, then \hgcmd{commit} the current state of
%the patch.  This lets you ``roll back'' to that version of the patch
%later on.

$B$3$N$3$H$+$i!$%Q%C%A%G%#%l%/%H%j$N4IM}$rFHN)$7$?(BMercurial$B%j%]%8%H%j$H$7$F(B
$B9T$&$3$H$,$G$-$k$N$G$O$J$$$+$H$$$&6=L#$,@8$^$l$k!%<B:]$3$NJ}K!$OM-8z$JJ}(B
$BK!$H$J$jF@$k!%Nc$($P!$$7$P$i$/$N4V(B1$B$D$N%Q%C%A$K$D$$$F:n6H$r9T$C$?8e(B
$B$G!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}$B$r9T$$!$%Q%C%A$N8=:_$N>uBV$r(B\hgcmd{commit}$B$9$k(B
$B$3$H$,$G$-$k!%$3$l$K$h$C$F!$8e$G$3$N%Q%C%A$r(B``$B%m!<%k%P%C%/(B''$B$9$k$3$H$,2D(B
$BG=$H$J$k!%(B

%You can then share different versions of the same patch stack among
%multiple underlying repositories.  I use this when I am developing a
%Linux kernel feature.  I have a pristine copy of my kernel sources for
%each of several CPU architectures, and a cloned repository under each
%that contains the patches I am working on.  When I want to test a
%change on a different architecture, I push my current patches to the
%patch repository associated with that kernel tree, pop and push all of
%my patches, and build and test that kernel.

$BJ#?t$N2<0L%j%]%8%H%j$N4V$G!$F1$8%Q%C%A%9%?%C%/$N0[$J$k%P!<%8%g%s$r6&M-$9(B
$B$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%I.<T$O$3$l$r(BLinux$B%+!<%M%k$N5!G=$r3+H/$9$k;~$KMxMQ$7$F$$(B
$B$k!%$$$/$D$+$N(BCPU$B%"!<%-%F%/%A%c$N3F!9$KBP$7$F$^$C$5$i$J%+!<%M%k%=!<%9$N%j(B
$B%]%8%H%j$rMQ0U$7!$:n6HCf$N%Q%C%A$r4^$`%j%]%8%H%j$r$=$l$i$N4V$G%/%m!<%s$7(B
$B$F$$$k!%JQ99$r0[$J$k%"!<%-%F%/%A%c$G%F%9%H$7$?$$;~$O!$8=:_$N%Q%C%A$r$=$N(B
$B%"!<%-%F%/%A%cMQ$N%+!<%M%k%D%j!<$H7k$SIU$$$?%Q%C%A$N%j%]%8%H%j$X%W%C%7%e(B
$B$7!$$9$Y$F$N%Q%C%A$r(Bpop$B!$(Bpush$B$7$F%+!<%M%k$N%S%k%I$H%F%9%H$r9T$C$F$$$k!%(B

%Managing patches in a repository makes it possible for multiple
%developers to work on the same patch series without colliding with
%each other, all on top of an underlying source base that they may or
%may not control.

$B%j%]%8%H%jFb$G%Q%C%A$r4IM}$9$k$H!$J#?t$N3+H/<T$,F1$8%Q%C%A%7%j!<%:$N>e$G(B
$B%3%s%U%j%/%H$9$k$3$H$J$/:n6H$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$k!%$3$l$OH`$i$,2<0L$N%=!<%9%Y!<(B
$B%9$r%3%s%H%m!<%k$G$-$k$+H]$+$K4X$o$j$,$J$$!%(B

%\subsection{MQ support for patch repositories}
\subsection{MQ$B$K$h$k%Q%C%A%j%]%8%H%j%5%]!<%H(B}

%MQ helps you to work with the \sdirname{.hg/patches} directory as a
%repository; when you prepare a repository for working with patches
%using \hgxcmd{mq}{qinit}, you can pass the \hgxopt{mq}{qinit}{-c} option to
%create the \sdirname{.hg/patches} directory as a Mercurial repository.

MQ$B$O(B\sdirname{.hg/patches}$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$r%j%]%8%H%j$H$7$F;H$$$J$,$i:n6H$9(B
$B$k$3$H$r%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$k!%%Q%C%A$r07$&:n6HMQ$N%j%]%8%H%j$r(B
\hgxcmd{mq}{qinit}$B$G:n@.$9$k;~!$(B\hgxopt{mq}{qinit}{-c}$B$rEO$7$F(B
\sdirname{.hg/patches}$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$r(BMercurial$B%j%]%8%H%j$K$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B

\begin{note}
%  If you forget to use the \hgxopt{mq}{qinit}{-c} option, you can simply go
%  into the \sdirname{.hg/patches} directory at any time and run
%  \hgcmd{init}.  Don't forget to add an entry for the
%  \sfilename{status} file to the \sfilename{.hgignore} file, though
%  (\hgcmdargs{qinit}{\hgxopt{mq}{qinit}{-c}} does this for you
%  automatically); you \emph{really} don't want to manage the
%  \sfilename{status} file.

 \hgxopt{mq}{qinit}{-c}$B%*%W%7%g%s$rK:$l$?>l9g$O$$$D$G$b(B
 \sdirname{.hg/patches}$B$KF~$C$F(B\hgcmd{init}$B$r<B9T$9$l$P$h(B
 $B$$!%(B\sfilename{status}$B%U%!%$%k$r(B\sfilename{.hgignore}$B%U%!%$%k$KDI2C$9$k(B
 $B$N$rK:$l$J$$$3$H!%(B(\hgcmdargs{qinit}{\hgxopt{mq}{qinit}{-c}}$B$O$3$l$r<+F0(B
 $BE*$K9T$&!%!K(B\sfilename{status}$B$r%P!<%8%g%s4IM}$9$kI,MW$O(B\emph{$BA4$/$J$$(B}$B!%(B
\end{note}

%As a convenience, if MQ notices that the \dirname{.hg/patches}
%directory is a repository, it will automatically \hgcmd{add} every
%patch that you create and import.

\dirname{.hg/patches}$B$,%j%]%8%H%j$N;~$O!$(BMQ$B$OJXMx$N$?$a$K$3$l$^$G:n@.$7!$(B
$B%$%s%]!<%H$7$?$9$Y$F$N%Q%C%A$r<+F0E*$K(B\hgcmd{add}$B$9$k!%(B

%MQ provides a shortcut command, \hgxcmd{mq}{qcommit}, that runs
%\hgcmd{commit} in the \sdirname{.hg/patches} directory.  This saves
%some bothersome typing.

MQ$B$O%7%g!<%H%+%C%H%3%^%s%I(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qcommit}$B$r;}$D!%$3$N%3%^%s%I$O(B
\hgcmd{commit}$B%3%^%s%I$r(B\sdirname{.hg/patches}$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$NCf$G<B9T$9(B
$B$k!%$3$l$K$h$C$FHK;($JF~NO$r>J$/$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B

%Finally, as a convenience to manage the patch directory, you can
%define the alias \command{mq} on Unix systems. For example, on Linux
%systems using the \command{bash} shell, you can include the following
%snippet in your \tildefile{.bashrc}.

$B%Q%C%A%G%#%l%/%H%j$N4IM}$N$?$a$K(BUNIX$B4D6-$J$i(B\command{mq}$B$H$$$&%(%$%j%"%9(B
$B$r:n$C$F$*$/$HJXMx$@!%(BLinux$B$G$O(B\command{bash}$B%7%'%k$N@_Dj%U%!%$%k(B
\tildefile{.bashrc}$B$K$3$l$rDj5A$7$F$*$/!%(B

\begin{codesample2}
  alias mq=`hg -R \$(hg root)/.hg/patches'
\end{codesample2}

%You can then issue commands of the form \cmdargs{mq}{pull} from
%the main repository.

$B%a%$%s%j%]%8%H%j$+$i(B\cmdargs{mq}{pull}$B$r<B9T$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B

%\subsection{A few things to watch out for}
\subsection{$BCm0U$7$F$*$/$Y$-$$$/$D$+$NE@(B}

%MQ's support for working with a repository full of patches is limited
%in a few small respects.

MQ$B$,BgNL$N%Q%C%A$N$"$k%j%]%8%H%j$r07$&:]$K!$$$$/$D$+$N>.$5$JE@$+$i@)8B$,(B
$B$"$k!%(B

%MQ cannot automatically detect changes that you make to the patch
%directory.  If you \hgcmd{pull}, manually edit, or \hgcmd{update}
%changes to patches or the \sfilename{series} file, you will have to
%\hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}} and then
%\hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-a}} in the underlying repository to
%see those changes show up there.  If you forget to do this, you can
%confuse MQ's idea of which patches are applied.

MQ$B$O!$%Q%C%A%G%#%l%/%H%j$KBP$7$F9T$o$l$?JQ99$r<+F0E*$K8!=P$9$k$3$H$O$G$-(B
$B$J$$!%%Q%C%A%U%!%$%k$d(B\sfilename{series}$B$KBP$7$F(B\hgcmd{pull}$B$r9T$C$?$j!$(B
$B<j$GJT=8$7$?$j!$(B\hgcmd{update}$B$r9T$C$?>l9g(B
$B$O!$2<0L$N%j%]%8%H%j$KBP$7$F(B\hgcmdargs{qpop}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpop}{-a}}$B$H(B
\hgcmdargs{qpush}{\hgxopt{mq}{qpush}{-a}}$B$r9T$$!$JQ99$rCN$i$;$kI,MW$,$"(B
$B$k!%$3$l$rK:$l$k$H(BMQ$B$O$I$N%Q%C%A$,E,MQ$5$l$?$N$+GD0.$G$-$J$/$J$C$F$7$^$&!%(B


%\section{Third party tools for working with patches}
\section{$B%Q%C%A8~$1%5!<%I%Q!<%F%#%D!<%k(B}
\label{sec:mq:tools}

%Once you've been working with patches for a while, you'll find
%yourself hungry for tools that will help you to understand and
%manipulate the patches you're dealing with.

$B$7$P$i$/%Q%C%A$r;H$C$?:n6H$r$7$F$$$k$H!$%Q%C%A$r<h$j07$&=u$1$H$J$k$h$&$J(B
$B%D!<%k$,M_$7$/$J$k$K0c$$$J$$!%(B

%The \command{diffstat} command~\cite{web:diffstat} generates a
%histogram of the modifications made to each file in a patch.  It
%provides a good way to ``get a sense of'' a patch---which files it
%affects, and how much change it introduces to each file and as a
%whole.  (I find that it's a good idea to use \command{diffstat}'s
%\cmdopt{diffstat}{-p} option as a matter of course, as otherwise it
%will try to do clever things with prefixes of file names that
%inevitably confuse at least me.)

\command{diffstat}$B%3%^%s%I(B~\cite{web:diffstat}$B$O%Q%C%AFb$N$=$l$>$l$N%U%!(B
$B%$%k$X$NJQ99$N%R%9%H%0%i%`$r@8@.$9$k!%$3$l$O!$%Q%C%A$,1F6A$r5Z$\$9%U%!%$(B
$B%k$rGD0.$7$?$j!$A4BN$G$=$l$>$l$N%U%!%$%k$X$I$NDxEYJQ99$r2C$($k$N$+GD0.$9(B
$B$k$N$KLrN)$D!%(B $B!J(B\command{diffstat}$B%3%^%s%I$N(B\cmdopt{diffstat}{-p}$B%*%W%7%g(B
$B%s$rMQ$$$k$N$OL^O@NI$$9M$($G$"$k!%$5$b$J$1$l$P%3%^%s%I$O%U%!%$%kL>$N(B
prefix$B$KBP$7$F(B``$B8-$$(B''$B$3$H$r$7$G$+$9$?$a!$>/$J$/$H$bI.<T$O:.Mp$rHr$1$i$l(B
$B$J$+$C$?!%!K(B


\begin{figure}[ht]
  \interaction{mq.tools.tools}
%  \caption{The \command{diffstat}, \command{filterdiff}, and
 %  \command{lsdiff} commands}
  \caption{\command{diffstat}, \command{filterdiff}, $B$*$h$S(B
 \command{lsdiff} $B%3%^%s%I(B}
  \label{ex:mq:tools}
\end{figure}

%The \package{patchutils} package~\cite{web:patchutils} is invaluable.
%It provides a set of small utilities that follow the ``Unix
%philosophy;'' each does one useful thing with a patch.  The
%\package{patchutils} command I use most is \command{filterdiff}, which
%extracts subsets from a patch file.  For example, given a patch that

%modifies hundreds of files across dozens of directories, a single
%invocation of \command{filterdiff} can generate a smaller patch that
%only touches files whose names match a particular glob pattern.  See
%section~\ref{mq-collab:tips:interdiff} for another example.

\package{patchutils}$B%Q%C%1!<%8(B~\cite{web:patchutils}$B$OHs>o$KM-MQ$G$"$k!%(B
$B$3$N%Q%C%1!<%8$O(B``UNIX$BE/3X(B''$B$K=>$C$?>.$5$J%f!<%F%#%j%F%#$+$i$J$j!$3F!9$N(B
$B%f!<%F%#%j%F%#$O%Q%C%A$KBP$7$FM-MQ$JC15!G=$rDs6!$9(B
$B$k!%(B\package{patchutils}$B$NCf$GI.<T$,:G$bNI$/;H$&%3%^%s%I$O(B
\command{filterdiff}$B$G!$$3$l$O%Q%C%A%U%!%$%k$+$i%Q%C%A$NItJ,=89g$r<h$j=P(B
$B$9!%Nc$($P!$(B10$B0J>e$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$K8Y$C$F?tI4$N%U%!%$%k$KJQ99$r9T$&$h$&$J(B
$B%Q%C%A$,$"$k$H$7$F!$$?$@0l2s$N(B\command{filterdiff}$B$N<B9T$GFCDj$N%Q%?!<%s(B
$B$K%^%C%A$7$?%U%!%$%k$N$_$rJQ99$9$k$h$j>.$5$J%Q%C%A$r@8@.$9$k$3$H$,$G$-(B
$B$k!%$=$N$[$+$NNc$O(B\ref{mq-collab:tips:interdiff}$B$r8+$h!%(B


%\section{Good ways to work with patches}
\section{$B9%$^$7$$%Q%C%A<h$j07$$J}K!(B}

%Whether you are working on a patch series to submit to a free software
%or open source project, or a series that you intend to treat as a
%sequence of regular changesets when you're done, you can use some
%simple techniques to keep your work well organized.

$B%U%j!<%=%U%H$d%*!<%W%s%=!<%9%W%m%8%'%/%H$KDs=P$9$k$?$a$N%Q%C%A%7%j!<%:$K(B
$BBP$7$F:n6H$7$F$$$k$H$-$d!$%Q%C%A$H$7$F$N:n6H$,=*$C$?:]$KDL>o$N%A%'%s%8%;%C(B
$B%H$H$7$F<h$j9~$`M=Dj$N%Q%C%A%7%j!<%:$KBP$7$F:n6H$7$F$$$k$H$-$O!$:n6H$r$&(B
$B$^$/9T$J$&$?$a$N%7%s%W%k$J%F%/%K%C%/$,$"$k!%(B

%Give your patches descriptive names.  A good name for a patch might be
%\filename{rework-device-alloc.patch}, because it will immediately give
%you a hint what the purpose of the patch is.  Long names shouldn't be a
%problem; you won't be typing the names often, but you \emph{will} be
%running commands like \hgxcmd{mq}{qapplied} and \hgxcmd{mq}{qtop} over
%and over.  Good naming becomes especially important when you have a
%number of patches to work with, or if you are juggling a number of
%different tasks and your patches only get a fraction of your attention.

$B%Q%C%A$K5-=RE*$JL>A0$rM?$($k!%%Q%C%A$KM?$($k$Y$-NI$$L>A0$O(B
\filename{rework-device-alloc.patch}$B$N$h$&$J$b$N$G$"$k!%M}M3$OB(:B$K%Q%C(B
$B%A$NL\E*$N%R%s%H$rM?$($k$+$i$G$"$k!%D9$$L>A0$OLdBj$K$O$J$i$J$$!%$J$<$J$i(B
$BL>A0$r%?%$%W$9$k$3$H$OLGB?$K$J$/!$Be$o$j$K(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qapplied}$B$d(B
\hgxcmd{mq}{qtop}$B$N$h$&$J%3%^%s%I$r7+$jJV$7<B9T$9$k$3$H$K$J$k$+$i$G$"$k!%(B
$BB??t$N%Q%C%A$KBP$7$F:n6H$r$7$F$$$k$H$-$O!$NI$$L>A0$rIU$1$k$3$H$OFC$K=EMW(B
$B$H$J$k!%$=$&$7$J$$$H!$$b$7$"$J$?$,$?$/$5$s$NJL$N%?%9%/$rJz$($F$$$k$J$i(B
$B$P!$%Q%C%A$N6hJL$O$D$+$J$/$J$C$F$7$^$&!%(B

%Be aware of what patch you're working on.  Use the \hgxcmd{mq}{qtop}
%command and skim over the text of your patches frequently---for
%example, using \hgcmdargs{tip}{\hgopt{tip}{-p}}---to be sure of where
%you stand.  I have several times worked on and \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}ed a
%patch other than the one I intended, and it's often tricky to migrate
%changes into the right patch after making them in the wrong one.

$B$I$N%Q%C%A$K$D$$$F:n6H$7$F$$$k$N$+GD0.$7$F$*$/$Y$-$G$"(B
$B$k!%(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qtop}$B%3%^%s%I$r;H$$!$%Q%C%A$rIQHK$K%A%'%C%/$9$Y$-$G$"$k!%(B
$B$^$?!$Nc$($P(B\hgcmdargs{tip}{\hgopt{tip}{-p}}$B$r;H$C$F!$$$$^$I$3$K$$$k$N$+(B
$B$rD4$Y$k$3$H$bI,MW$G$"$k!%0U?^$7$F$$$k%Q%C%A0J30$N%Q%C%A$K$D$$$F(B
\hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh}$B$r9T$$!$4V0c$C$?%Q%C%A$K2C$($i$l$?JQ99$r@5$7$$%Q%C%A(B
$B$K0\F0$5$;$?!%(B

%For this reason, it is very much worth investing a little time to
%learn how to use some of the third-party tools I described in
%section~\ref{sec:mq:tools}, particularly \command{diffstat} and
%\command{filterdiff}.  The former will give you a quick idea of what
%changes your patch is making, while the latter makes it easy to splice
%hunks selectively out of one patch and into another.

$B$3$N$?$a!$%;%/%7%g%s(B~\ref{sec:mq:tools}$B$G=R$Y$?%5!<%I%Q!<%F%#@=$N$$$/$D$+(B
$B$N%D!<%k!$FC$K(B\command{diffstat}$B$H(B\command{filterdiff}$B$N;H$$J}$r3X$V$N$O(B
$B$H$F$b0UL#$,$"$k!%A0<T$O!$$"$J$?$N%Q%C%A$,$I$N$h$&$JJQ99$r2C$($k$N$+B(:B(B
$B$KCN$k$3$H$,$G$-!$0lJ}$G8e<T$O%Q%C%A$NCf$N(Bhunk$B$rJL$N%Q%C%A$XA^F~$9$k$N$r(B
$BMF0W$K$9$k!%(B


%\section{MQ cookbook}
\section{MQ$B%/%C%/%V%C%/(B}

%\subsection{Manage ``trivial'' patches}
\subsection{``$B%H%j%S%"%k(B''$B$J%Q%C%A$N4IM}(B}

%Because the overhead of dropping files into a new Mercurial repository
%is so low, it makes a lot of sense to manage patches this way even if
%you simply want to make a few changes to a source tarball that you
%downloaded.

$B%U%!%$%k$r(BMercurial$B%j%]%8%H%j$KDI2C$9$k%*!<%P%X%C%I$O>.$5$$!%$3$N$?$a!$$?(B
$B$H$(%=!<%9$N(Btar$B%"!<%+%$%V$X>/?t$NJQ99$r2C$($k$@$1$@$H$7$F$b!$%Q%C%A$r%j%](B
$B%8%H%j$G4IM}$9$k$N$ONI$$J}K!$G$"$k!%(B

%Begin by downloading and unpacking the source tarball,
%and turning it into a Mercurial repository.
%\interaction{mq.tarball.download}

$B%=!<%9(Btarball$B$r%@%&%s%m!<%I$7$FE83+$7!$$3$l$r(BMercurial$B%j%]%8%H%j$KJQ49$9(B
$B$k!%(B
\interaction{mq.tarball.download}

%Continue by creating a patch stack and making your changes.
%\interaction{mq.tarball.qinit}

$B?7$?$J%Q%C%A%9%?%C%/$r:n$j!$JQ99$r9T$&!%(B
\interaction{mq.tarball.qinit}

%Let's say a few weeks or months pass, and your package author releases
%a new version.  First, bring their changes into the repository.
%\interaction{mq.tarball.newsource}
%The pipeline starting with \hgcmd{locate} above deletes all files in
%the working directory, so that \hgcmd{commit}'s
%\hgopt{commit}{--addremove} option can actually tell which files have
%really been removed in the newer version of the source.

$B?t=54V$+$i?t%+7n7P$C$?;~!$%Q%C%1!<%8$N:n<T$,?7$7$$%P!<%8%g%s$r%j%j!<%9$7(B
$B$?$H$7$h$&!%$=$N>l9g!$$^$:?7$7$$%P!<%8%g%s$H$N:9J,$r%j%]%8%H%j$K<h$j9~$`!%(B
\interaction{mq.tarball.newsource}
\hgcmd{locate}$B$N=PNO$r%Q%$%W$G7R$$$G%o!<%-%s%0%G%#%l%/%H%j$N$9$Y$F$N%U%!(B
$B%$%k$r>C5n$7!$(B\hgcmd{commit}$B%3%^%s%I$N(B\hgopt{commit}{--addremove}$B%*%W%7%g(B
$B%s$r;H$C$F<B:]$K$I$N%U%!%$%k$,?7$7$$%P!<%8%g%s$N%=!<%9$G:o=|$5$l$?$N$+;X(B
$BDj$9$k!%(B

%Finally, you can apply your patches on top of the new tree.
%\interaction{mq.tarball.repush}

$B:G8e$K%Q%C%A$r?7$7$$%D%j!<$KE,MQ$9$k!%(B
\interaction{mq.tarball.repush}

%\subsection{Combining entire patches}
\subsection{$B%Q%C%AF1;N$r7k9g$9$k(B}
\label{sec:mq:combine}

%MQ provides a command, \hgxcmd{mq}{qfold} that lets you combine entire
%patches.  This ``folds'' the patches you name, in the order you name
%them, into the topmost applied patch, and concatenates their
%descriptions onto the end of its description.  The patches that you
%fold must be unapplied before you fold them.

MQ$B$K$O%Q%C%AA4BN$r7k9g$9$k(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qfold}$B$H$$$&%3%^%s%I$,$"$k!%$3$N%3(B
$B%^%s%I$OL>A0$r$D$1$?%Q%C%A$rL>IU$1$?=gHV$G:F>e0L$NE,MQ:Q$_%Q%C%A$K>v$_9~(B
$B$`!%3F!9$N%Q%C%A$N@bL@$O7k9g$5$l$F%Q%C%A$N@bL@$NKvHx$KDI2C$5$l$k!%>v$_9~(B
$B$`%Q%C%A$O$9$G$KE,MQ$5$l$F$$$F$O$J$i$J$$!%(B

%The order in which you fold patches matters.  If your topmost applied
%patch is \texttt{foo}, and you \hgxcmd{mq}{qfold} \texttt{bar} and
%\texttt{quux} into it, you will end up with a patch that has the same
%effect as if you applied first \texttt{foo}, then \texttt{bar},
%followed by \texttt{quux}.

$B%Q%C%A$r>v$_9~$`=gHV$O=EMW$G$"$k!%:#!$:F>e0L$NE,MQ:Q$_%Q%C%A$,(B
\texttt{foo}$B$@$H$7$F!$(B\hgxcmd{mq}{qfold} \texttt{bar}$B$H(B\texttt{quux}$B$r9T(B
$B$&$H!$%Q%C%A$O(B\texttt{foo}, then \texttt{bar}, \texttt{quux}$B$N=gHV$G%Q%C(B
$B%A$rE,MQ$7$?$N$HF1$88z2L$r;}$D$3$H$K$J$k!%(B

%\subsection{Merging part of one patch into another}
\subsection{$B%Q%C%A$N0lItJ,$rJL$N%Q%C%A$X%^!<%8$9$k(B}

%Merging \emph{part} of one patch into another is more difficult than
%combining entire patches.

$B%Q%C%A$N(B\emph{$B0lIt(B}$B$rJL$N%Q%C%A$X%^!<%8$9$k$3$H$O!$%Q%C%A$r7k9g$9$k$h$j$O(B
$BFq$7$$!%(B

%If you want to move changes to entire files, you can use
%\command{filterdiff}'s \cmdopt{filterdiff}{-i} and
%\cmdopt{filterdiff}{-x} options to choose the modifications to snip
%out of one patch, concatenating its output onto the end of the patch
%you want to merge into.You usually won't need to modify the patch
%you've merged the changes from.  Instead, MQ will report some rejected
%hunks when you \hgxcmd{mq}{qpush} it (from the hunks you moved into the
%other patch), and you can simply \hgxcmd{mq}{qrefresh} the patch to drop
%the duplicate hunks.

$BJQ99$r%U%!%$%k$N=89gA4BN$K0\F0$9$k>l9g!$(B\command{filterdiff}$B$K(B
\cmdopt{filterdiff}{-i}$B$H(B\cmdopt{filterdiff}{-x}$B$rIU$1!$(B
$B0l$D$N%Q%C%A$+$i<h$k5n$kJQ99!$%Q%C%A$NKvHx$K7k9g$9$kJQ99$rA*$V!%(B
$BDL>o$N>l9g!$JQ99$r<h$j=P$7$?%Q%C%A$rJQ99$9$kI,MW$O$J$$!%$=$NBe$o$j!$(BMQ$B$O(B
($BB>$N%Q%C%A$K0\F0$7$?(Bhunk$B$+$i(B)\hgxcmd{mq}{qpush}$B$7$?;~$K%j%8%'%/%H$5$l$?(B
hunk$B$rJs9p$9$k!%(B

%If you have a patch that has multiple hunks modifying a file, and you
%only want to move a few of those hunks, the job becomes more messy,
%but you can still partly automate it.  Use \cmdargs{lsdiff}{-nvv} to
%print some metadata about the patch.
%\interaction{mq.tools.lsdiff}

$B%Q%C%A$K0l$D$N%U%!%$%k$rJQ99$9$kJ#?t$N(Bhunk$B$,$"$j!$$=$NCf$N0lIt$r0\F0$7$?(B
$B$$>l9g$O!$:n6H$O$b$C$H$d$d$3$7$$$b$N$K$J$k$,!$0MA3$H$7$F0lIt$O<+F02=$9$k(B
$B$3$H$,$G$-$k!%(B\cmdargs{lsdiff}{-nvv}$B%3%^%s%I$G%Q%C%A$N%a%?%G!<%?$rI=<($9(B
$B$k!%(B\interaction{mq.tools.lsdiff}

%This command prints three different kinds of number:
$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$O(B3$B$D$N0[$J$kHV9f$r=PNO$9$k(B:
\begin{itemize}
%\item (in the first column) a \emph{file number} to identify each file
%  modified in the patch;
\item ($B:G=i$NNs(B) $B$3$N%Q%C%A$GJQ99$5$l$k%U%!%$%k$r<1JL$9$k$?$a$N(B\emph{$B%U%!(B
      $B%$%kHV9f(B}
%\item (on the next line, indented) the line number within a modified
%  file where a hunk starts; and
\item ($B<!$N9T$G%$%s%G%s%H$5$l$F$$$k(B) $BJQ99$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$NCf$G(Bhun$B$,;O$^$k(B
      $B9THV9f(B
%\item (on the same line) a \emph{hunk number} to identify that hunk.
\item ($B$=$l$HF1$89T(B) $BEv3:(Bhunk$B$r<1JL$9$k(B\emph{hunk$BHV9f(B}
\end{itemize}

%You'll have to use some visual inspection, and reading of the patch,
%to identify the file and hunk numbers you'll want, but you can then
%pass them to to \command{filterdiff}'s \cmdopt{filterdiff}{--files}
%and \cmdopt{filterdiff}{--hunks} options, to select exactly the file
%and hunk you want to extract.

$BI,MW$J%U%!%$%k$H(Bhunk$BHV9f$r8+$D$1$k$?$a$K!$%Q%C%A$rFI$`$J$I$7$FL\;k$G3NG'(B
$B$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!%$=$NHV9f$O!$(Bextract$B$9$k%U%!%$%k$H(Bhunk$B$rA*$V$?$a$K(B
\command{filterdiff}$B%3%^%s%I$N(B\cmdopt{filterdiff}{--files}$B$H(B
\cmdopt{filterdiff}{--hunks}$B%*%W%7%g%s$G;H$($k!%(B

%Once you have this hunk, you can concatenate it onto the end of your
%destination patch and continue with the remainder of
%section~\ref{sec:mq:combine}.

$B$3$N(Bhunk$B$,$G$-$?$i!$L\E*$N%Q%C%A$NKvHx$K7k9g$7!$%;%/%7%g%s$N;D$j$NItJ,$r(B
$BB3$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B~\ref{sec:mq:combine}$B!%(B

%\section{Differences between quilt and MQ}
\section{quilt$B$H(BMQ$B$N0c$$(B}

%If you are already familiar with quilt, MQ provides a similar command
%set.  There are a few differences in the way that it works.

$B$9$G$K(Bquilt$B$KFk@w$s$G$$$k%f!<%6$N$?$a$K!$(BMQ$B$OF1MM$N%3%^%s%I%;%C%H$rMQ0U(B
$B$7$F$$$k!%%3%^%s%I$N5sF0$K$O2?E@$+0c$$$,$"$k!%(B

%You will already have noticed that most quilt commands have MQ
%counterparts that simply begin with a ``\texttt{q}''.  The exceptions
%are quilt's \texttt{add} and \texttt{remove} commands, the
%counterparts for which are the normal Mercurial \hgcmd{add} and
%\hgcmd{remove} commands.  There is no MQ equivalent of the quilt
%\texttt{edit} command.

$B$9$G$K$[$H$s$I$N(Bquilt$B%3%^%s%I$K$O!$BP1~$9$k(B``\texttt{q}''$B$G;O$^$k(BMQ$B%3%^%s(B
$B%I$,$"$k$3$H$K5$$E$$$F$$$k$3$H$H;W$&!%Nc30$O!$(Bquilt$B$N(B\texttt{add}$B%3%^%s%I(B
$B$H(B\texttt{remove}$B%3%^%s%I$G!$$3$l$i$K$O$=$l$>$lDL>o$N(BMercurial$B%3%^%s%I$N(B
\hgcmd{add}$B$H(B\hgcmd{remove}$B$,BP1~$9$k!%$^$?!$(Bquilt$B$N(B\texttt{edit}$B%3%^%s%I(B
$B$KBP1~$9$k(BMQ$B%3%^%s%I$O$J$$!%(B

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